WO2006134127A1 - Method for treating non-woven fibrous materials and bleaching device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a bleaching device (38) and to a method for bleaching non-woven fibrous materials in a suspension, particularly in the form of pulp or fiber slurry, in or on a treatment volume provided by delimiting walls, whereby the suspension can be filled into or permitted to flow through the treatment volume, with at least one first electrode (43'). A bleaching action is brought about by a high-voltage pulse generator (46), which is connected to the first electrode (43') and with which a plasma can be generated in the treatment volume and/or in the immediate surrounding area thereof. The invention further decreases the use of chemicals for bleaching fibrous substances.

Description

description

Process for the treatment of unwoven fibrous materials and apparatus for bleaching

The invention is in the field of industrial treatment of fibrous materials.

The invention relates to a device for bleaching unwound fibrous materials in a suspension, in particular as pulp or pulp, in or on a treatment volume given by boundary walls, wherein the suspension can be filled or flowed through in the treatment volume.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for treating unwoven fibers in a suspension, in particular as pulp or pulp, preferably for the operation of the bleaching apparatus according to the invention.

From S. Ihara, T, Miichi, S. Satoh, and C. Yamabe, "Ozone generation by a discharge in bubbled water", Digest of Technical Papers 12th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference, 1999, is a method and apparatus for Water purification known.

From WO2004 / 101891 Al a process for Oberflächenbehand ^¬ is lung paper or bonded fibers with plasma known.

One goal in the treatment of unwoven pulps is the bleaching of the pulps. In the bleaching of pulp for example, it is, inter alia, a goal that tene in the pulp contained ^¬ lignin to remove or certain "colored" molecular groups ^¬ destroy. This type of treatment leads preference as to a higher degree of whiteness of the pulp.

Today's bleaching processes are based on the chemical treatment of the fibrous material. Typical bleaching chemicals are Chlorine, chlorine dioxide, sulphurous acids, extraction with caustic soda, oxygen, hydrogen peroxide and ozone. Depending alkaline or acidic environment ^¬ are conditions required by the method used. Modern bleaching methods often use various bleaching stages in which various bleaching chemicals are used, each bleaching stage typi ^¬ cally from a mixing unit and a subsequent re ^¬ action exists storm. In these processes, the sometimes highly toxic (chlorine dioxide) or highly corrosive acids, alkalis or reagents must be transported in large quantities, stored and after the end of the process also worked up again or ent ^¬ worries.

Effectiveness of the bleaching process generally depends on the proper concentration of certain reagents in a fibrous suspension. For a peroxide bleach, the effectiveness of the bleaching process depends very much on the concentration of a perhydroxide (HOO ^" ).

A reaction rate depends inter alia on a pH and a temperature of the suspension. A typical value for the temperature is for example 6O ⁰ C to 7O ⁰ C and a typical value for a pH is about 10.5. The pH is usually controlled by the addition of additional chemicals such as sodium hydroxide or sodium silicate. Some procedures be ^¬ use pressure and higher temperatures is a necessary residence time in, for example, a reaction tower to reduce. A significant cost factor in a bleaching process depends to a large extent on the type and amount of chemicals used and their further treatment, such as separation or disposal.

The invention is based on the object, a tung Vorrich ^¬ and to provide a method available to the on set of chemicals in the bleaching of fibrous materials to reduce the non-interwoven.

The object is based on the aforementioned Vorrich ^¬ device according to the invention solved by one with a first Electrode connected high voltage pulse generator with which in the treatment volume and / or in the immediate vicinity of a plasma can be generated. Since the process of plasma generation in the bleaching apparatus is well controllable and has short reaction times, an easy-to-control, improved bleaching process is obtained in a bleaching apparatus.

In a preferred embodiment, the plasma is generated at a distance of <20 cm, preferably <10 cm, preferably <5 cm, from the treatment volume. The direct treatment of the fibers, preferably pulp fibers, with - preferably cold - plasma generated in the suspension certain radicals. These radicals result in bleaching chemical reactions.

With additional advantage, the bleaching device for fibrous materials is suitable for the production of paper, paperboard or cardboard and / or the fibrous materials can be fed to such a production process as process material.

It is also expedient that the treatment volume is suitable for filling or flowing through the suspension, preferably a starting material in paper, paperboard or paperboard production, in particular a pulp to be bleached or a pulp to be bleached. By a filling or by flowing the suspension through the treatment volume, the bleaching process overbased filling phase of the suspension can already start during an automated ^¬. Also the time of DurchfHeßens or WeiterfHeßens zessschritt to a next Pro ^¬ can be used for the bleaching process and thus an effective bleaching time will be greatly reduced.

Another preferred embodiment is that at least one second electrode for plasma generation is present.

By selectively providing a second electrode at locations which are advantageous for the bleaching process, the generated piasm ma or the generated gas discharge can be applied specifically to the suspension or in the suspension.

A further gradient of the bleaching result is achieved in that at least one of the electrodes is arranged in such a way that it comes into contact with the suspension when the suspension is filled in or flows through the treatment volume.

In a further preferred embodiment, at least one of the electrodes is arranged such that the plasma is preferably largely generated before ^¬ in a near-surface volume below or above the surface of the filled suspension. By a - preferably pulsed - discharge in the near-surface gas region of the suspension, in particular pulp, between an electrode system, radicals generated in the gas discharge can easily enter the suspension by diffusion.

With further advantage, the electrodes are formed flat, wherein in particular the second electrode is at least partially submersed in the suspension and / or the first electrode is arranged parallel to the second electrode outside the suspension. The already mentioned diffusing of, for example, radicals into the suspension occurs on these

Way even more efficient. Such an arrangement preferably causes a hybrid discharge.

It is also expedient that the electrodes are planar forms excluded, wherein the first electrode and the second Elect ^¬ rode are arranged parallel to one another in the region near the surface of the suspension. An area ausgestaltetes electrode system, the plasma advantageously is, applied at ^¬ play, in the vicinity of a bleaching tub. Flowing the suspension, preferably in the pierherstellung Pa ^¬, on a screen and is thus distributed area, as a bleaching device can be applied to a sheet-like electrode system with advantage. According to a further embodiment feature, a Begren ^¬ is Zung wall of the treatment volume prepared as an electrode. By this type of device, the plasma or the gas discharge can also be applied to the entire surface, which forms the Suspen ^¬ sion in the treatment volume.

Further, the apparatus may be configured such that the treatment volume is taltet as a pipeline, in particular a connecting element for the transport of the suspension ausges ^¬. A device for transporting the suspension can thus be advantageously used both as a transport device and as a bleaching device.

In a device according to the invention of the electrode system, preferably at least one electrode is designed as a plate.

In particular, the electrodes are arranged as at least two opposite, preferably parallel, plates.

According to a further embodiment of the bleaching device, at least one electrode is designed as a wire.

Furthermore, it is expedient that at least one electrode is staltet as a wire mesh, in particular as a wire mesh ^¬ out.

The bleaching apparatus may be prepared in such a way furthermore that at least one electrode as a grid, in particular ^¬ sondere as an array of up rechtswinklig or obliquely intersecting rods and / or flat strips, is preferably configured in the form of a sieve.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the electrodes are at least two opposing, preferably parallel to each other, grid angeord ^¬ net. In a flowing suspension, in particular a falling curtain of suspension, the electrode arrangement can be used with advantage for a two-sided application of plasma to the suspension curtain.

In a further preferred embodiment of the bleaching device, preferably at least one electrode has one or more tips. It is known to occur at the electrode tips with particularly high field strengths, which are used here in an advantageous manner for plasma formation nen Kings ^¬.

In another embodiment variant of the bleaching apparatus, an electrode is preferably at least designed as a tube from ^¬. For example, a discharge opening of the bleaching apparatus expediently opens into the pipe. During DurchfHeßens or the flow of the suspension through the tube, the suspension, in particular the fibers or pulps contained therein, can be bleached by means of the tube designed as an electrode.

Other preferred design features of the Bleichvorrich ^¬ tung, in particular of the electrode assemblies of the Bleichvor- direction, are defined by the claims 20 - 22 ben again gege ^¬.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the bleaching device has a means for injecting gas, in particular air or oxygen, preferably pure oxygen or oxygen with, for example, noble gas as the carrier gas, into the treatment volume. Due to this advantageous arrangement, preferably finely distributed air ^¬ be blown or oxygen or oxygen with a carrier gas such as argon, is flowed into the suspension. By means of the means for injecting gas, very fine "gas pearls" are present in the discharge region, and with the aid of these "gas pearls", radicals can be obtained in a particularly advantageous manner. be generated, which dissolve quickly and well distributed in the suspension.

After the process-side solution of the aforementioned object is provided by the invention that the suspension or a dilution water to be added with, preferably non-thermal, large-area plasma brought under contact at least atmospheric pressure, the plasma generated in the immediate vicinity of the suspension or the dilution water or in the suspension or the dilution water or in the immediate environment of the suspension or the dilution water, a gas discharge, in particular a Koronaentla ^¬ dung is produced under at least atmospheric pressure. The direct treatment of the suspension or of the dilution water, in particular pulp fibers, with "cold plasma" generates radicals in the suspension or in the dilution water, which cause bleaching chemical reactions in the suspension or in the fibers.

Advantageously, the plasma cm at a distance of <20, preferably <10 cm, preferably <5 cm, produced by the Sus ^¬ board. To achieve a good bleaching result, it is advantageous to generate the plasma in the immediate vicinity of the suspension.

With particular advantage, especially in the paper industry, the suspension is suitable for the production of paper, cardboard or cardboard.

A preferably deposited suspension may be used as a moist or wet leaf. Advantageously, the wet or wet sheet is treated with plasma.

In a particularly advantageous manner, high-voltage pulses having a duration of less than 10 μs are generated between electrodes to produce the plasma or the gas discharge. The use of such short high-voltage Einzelimpulssen shown to be particularly advantageous, whereas the use of radio frequency (RF) or microwave pulses or high voltage single pulses of more than 10 μs duration is far less efficient.

Preferably, the plasma or the gas discharge is applied, in particular during passage through or over a sieve ^¬ device before and / or during the sheet formation on the suspension. It is advantageous here that the plasma or the gas discharge is applied at different locations within a papermaking process.

In order to achieve the highest possible treatment efficiency, preferably when bleaching, it is advantageous that the suspension is brought into contact with the plasma on both sides or treated by means of the gas discharge.

Advantageously, the plasma or the gas discharge is used for bleaching the suspension, the pulp or the pulp, in particular in a digester, in a bleaching container or in a conduit.

In this case, it is of particular advantage that the suspension, the pulp or pulp, is brought into contact with at least one electrode for generating the plasma or the gas discharge.

Preferably, the plasma or the gas discharge is generated in the suspension. Directing a possible streamer einzu- with an efficient generation of radicals in the suspension, it is advantageous, the plasma immersion directly into the Suspen ^¬ to generate short high-voltage single pulses. When using long pulses is the largest proportion of the pulse ^¬ energy is converted into heat. The reason lies in the high conductivity of the suspension, which is mixed with a variety of chemicals, so that the largest part of the pulse energy remains unused when using long pulses. Conveniently, the method is applied to various types or states of suspensions. In a preferred application, the content of carrier liquid, special into ^¬ water is, in the suspension in the range between 40% and 99, 9%, preferably in the range between 80% and 98% and in particular in the range between 85% and 98%.

Advantageously, radicals are generated in the plasma or by means of the gas discharge, which act on the fibers. These radicals trigger bleaching chemical Reaktio ^¬ nen out, replaced by either bleaching chemicals or whose consumption can be greatly reduced.

It is particularly preferred and expedient for different states of suspensions in a paper, board or board production process, in particular at different process stages, to use radicals of different types or compositions. Possible process stages, especially in a papermaking process, can be: cooking, painting, bleaching, sifting, pressing. Advantageously, already during the cooking of the starting materials, the suspension can be treated with plasma or a gas discharge. Also in screening, which is the precursor to sheet formation in a papermaking process, the suspension is preferably treated with a different type of radical than used in cooking.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the suspension is Pier within a process stage in a patent or board manufacturing process, radical difference ^¬ Licher type or composition exposed, preferably temporally successively. Advantageously, such an opti ^¬ males outcome is achieved step by step.

Are as radicals of ozone (O ₃₎ preferably Wasserstoffper ^¬ oxide (H ₂ O _2), hydroxyl radicals (OH), HO ₂ and or HO ₂ ^"he witnesses ^¬. With the use of H ₂ O ₂ as OH radical source are possible to additionally ^¬ not radical pathways. This Adducts of nucleophiles and H ₂ O ₂ , which are stronger oxidizing agents than the hydrogen peroxide itself, are preferably formed.

Advantageously, during bleaching in the suspension or in the pulp or in the pulp, the plasma or the gas discharge is applied in such a way that as radicals increased ozone (O ₃ ) and / or hydrogen peroxide (H ₂ O ₂ ) is formed.

In another advantageous embodiment, the plasma or the gas discharge is preferably applied during sieving and / or in / in the areal distributed suspension or pulp or pulp or in the forming or formed, still unpressed sheet in such a way that as radicals increased hydroxyl radicals, HO ₂ and / or HO ₂ ^"is formed.

It is expedient that a generation rate of the radicals and / or the composition of the radicals generated be controlled by influencing an amplitude, a pulse duration and / or a pulse repetition rate of the high voltage pulses. Since the concentration of radicals is generated by an electrical process and thus very easily controllable in real time, such a method is very economical and can be readjusted within a very short time for different treatment results.

It is also expedient that a concentration of the generated radicals is measured to control and regulate the rate of generation and / or the type of radicals generated.

Furthermore, it is expedient that a property of the suspension, preferably a quality property, in particular its opacity, gloss, whiteness, fluorescence or color point, is measured to control and regulate the rate of production or the composition of the radicals produced. On the basis of the measurement of the quality properties, a feedback message is obtained which allows optimal control of the treatment process. With regard to an automation solution used for the process, it is of particular advantage that the concentration or the property "online" is measured.

In order to control or control the generation rate of the radicals, it is preferable to vary the amplitude of the high voltage pulses at a constant repetition rate.

Further, preferably for influencing the Erzeu ^¬ transmission rate, the repetition rate of the high-voltage pulses at kon ^¬ stant amplitude changed.

A further increase in the treatment result, in particular a bleaching result, is achieved by enriching the suspension, the pulp, or the pulp, preferably with oxygen, for bleaching in the plasma-exposed area.

It is also advantageous with regard to a treatment result that a high-voltage pulse duration of less than 100 ns is used in the suspension, in the pulp or in the pulp, preferably for bleaching. Is at ^¬ game as the electrode system of a bleaching device com- pletely inside the suspension arranged, it is due to the high conductivity of the suspension very beneficial to work with small high-voltage pulse durations.

Furthermore, it is expedient for a good treatment result that area-spread suspension, pulp or pulp or sheet which is still unpressed, or which forms or is formed, is surrounded by a water-vapor-enriched atmosphere in the plasma-exposed area, in particular during screening.

Furthermore, it is expedient that, in the case of a surface-spread suspension, pulp or pulp or a sheet which is still not pressed and which forms or is formed, in particular when sieving, a high voltage pulse duration of 100 ns to 1 μs is used.

Furthermore, it is advantageous that, in the case of a surface-spread suspension, pulp or pulp or sheet which still forms or is undeformed, in particular during screening, a high-voltage amplitude corresponding to at least twice the value, preferably at least three times the value, of a corona threshold voltage the electrodes are applied.

Preferably, the plasma or the Koro ^¬ na-discharge can be a DC corona discharge is produced for the generation and the DC voltage corona discharge is superimposed on the high voltage pulses. The superposition of the high voltage pulses on a DC voltage has the particular advantage that the high-energy high-voltage pulses can start from a very high energy level.

Depending on the life or nature or composition of erzeug- th radicals, it is also appropriate that a pulse repetition rate between 10 Hz and 5 kHz ^¬, in particular from the range of 10Hz to 1OkHz, is used.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the power injection of electrical energy into the plasma primarily via the Rege ^¬ lung amplitude, pulse duration and pulse repetition rate of the superimposed high-voltage pulses is controlled.

Preferably, for suspensions with extremely high conductivity, it is expedient that high-voltage pulses having a duration of less than 3 microseconds, preferably less than 1 microseconds, preferably ^¬ less than 500 ns applied.

It is also expedient that a homogeneous, large-volume plasma is generated with high power density without the maeinschnürungen to Plas ^¬ or breakdowns occurs. By generating a "stable" plasma, the rate of generation can be kept high and constant; laces or punctures, the production rate drops again.

It is further preferred that a DC voltage of such a height is used that a stable DC corona discharge is formed in the plasma only in conjunction with überla ^¬ siege high voltage pulses.

The DC voltage used is particularly advantageous under the voltage for stable operation without high-voltage pulse superimposition.

Furthermore, it is desirable that the total used ^¬ amplitude (DC voltage + pulse amplitude) lies above the static breakdown voltage of the electrode assembly.

It is expedient that, preferably, for a high power ^¬ coupling which started the total amplitude of two to five times the static ^¬ breakdown voltage of the voltage corresponds Elektrodenanord-.

For the application of the preferably used DC voltage, it is also advantageous if the amplitude of the high ^¬ voltage pulses is between 10% and 1000% of the DC voltage used.

A further increase of a treatment outcome or egg ^¬ nes bleaching process is preferably achieved in that a gas flow is produced perpendicular to the electrode assembly.

Alternatively, it is possible that a gas flow is generated parallel to the electrode assembly.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, impurities formed in the suspension by organic dyes, biocatalytic substances and / or microorganisms and / or other biological material are reduced. ed. Impurities in the sense of the invention are, for example, dissolved organic substances which are undesirable in the suspension or generally in a water system of a bleaching apparatus or a papermaking plant. These and other impurities Doomed ^¬ often things deterioration of drainage, leading to an unfavorable sheet formation and a lower Optizität. Furthermore, for example, a reaction of the impurities with chemical aids can lead to the formation of undesired deposits. These deposits can eventually lead to spots and holes in the paper at a papermaking facility. Colored impurities are caused by the dyes used in today's printing process, for example, which are largely water-soluble. A high water solubility of the dyes used, particularly when using waste paper as starting material, resulting in that not even be completely ^¬ can be seitigt in a flotation process, the dyes. Especially water-soluble red dyes are responsible for that the water takes on a rötli ^¬ che tint which on the end product, preferably ^¬ as a paper, carries over. A high desired whiteness, for example in the production of white papers, can not be achieved with colored water. In particular, under conditions of restricted water cycles, an increased increase of the microorganisms contained in the water is generally observed. For example, the dissolved oxygen present in the water is rapidly consumed and this can lead to the formation of anerobic conditions in the water. The microorganisms can then multiply rapidly and metabolic products of these microorganisms, for example, lead to strong odor in the form of hydrogen sulfide and / or organic acids or yeasts and bacteria. In addition, in some cases, by the action of the above-mentioned metabolic products of the anerobic microorganisms, corrosion of plant parts. Cause are in particular microorganisms which, inter alia, carbohydrate-splitting enzymes, such as the enzyme cellulase with which, which is decomposed in the papermaking process preferably cellulose as a fiber base and serves as a decomposed, short-chain carbohydrate as food for the microorganisms. For the definition of biological material, see Rule 23b (3) EPC. Is below a biokata- lytic substance, for example a chemical Wech ^¬ selwirkung between a protein and other particles (molecules, ions, protons, electrons), in the course of which the nature of these particles varies, to understand. The generated radicals have a favorable effect on the reduction of the impurities and the addition of complementary dyes or biocides can be limited or prevented.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, adhesive impurities are reduced. In a recycling process of, for example, waste paper as a starting material, dissolved and very finely divided "stickies" from the waste paper pass into the papermaking plant. "Stickies" is a term for small Hotmelt- or adhesive Verunrei ^¬ ments, which later appear as a mistake in the paper or in cardboard as, for example, disturbing stains. In particular, in a waste paper processing, the water used for this purpose is heavily contaminated. The stickies in a pulp or fiber suspension as an intermediate and in the general circulation water of a paper manufacturing plant tend to example nenbespannungen to Papiermaschi ^¬ such as felts and wires, as well as deposit on cylinders and rollers. In addition, they lead to defects in the paper ultimately produced, which can lead to errors in the further processing or limit their use value. These stickies represent now one of the biggest problems with How To ^¬ derverwertung of waste paper. While so-called macro Stickis by mechanical separation processes can be separated as far as possible, be so-called micro Stickis are very difficult from the suspension or generally remove a water circuit , Micro stickies are so small that they can also pass through a slotted screen with a slot width of approx. 100 μm. By treating the suspension, including the adhesive contaminants, a surface of the adhesive contaminants is changed so that they reduce their adhesive properties or lose completely. As a result, it is advantageously avoided that the contaminants continue to deposit on, for example, clothing, felts, rolls and in a dryer section.

In a further expedient embodiment of the invention, the dilution water is additionally treated with the plasma or the gas discharge before the dilution water is added to the suspension. By treating the dilution water with cold plasma or a gas discharge chemical reactions are triggered in the dilution water or in the fabric suspension formed with the dilution water, which already at an early stage, for example ^¬ in one of the bleaching device upstream stock preparation plant, the quality properties of the later significantly improve the suspension used. The dilution water thus treated can be used in addition to the bleaching of the pulps also for reducing impurities.

Preferred, but by no means limiting embodiments of the invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. For clarity, the drawing is not drawn to scale, and certain features are shown only schematically ^¬ tisiert. Corresponding parts are provided in the figures with the same reference numerals. In detail, the shows

1 shows a schematic representation of a Papierherstel ^¬ treatment plant with a screening device, a press device and a finishing and / or Trockenan- would,

3 shows a representation (section) of an arrangement for generating radicals in corona plasmas in pulp or. FIG Air: parallel plate or tube assembly with wire overlaid with pulsed high voltage,

4 shows a schematic diagram of pulses for generating

Radicals in corona discharges in air or aqueous media using short (typically <1 μs) high-voltage pulses with high pulse repetition rate,

FIG 5 to FIG 10 electrode assemblies and electrode systems for generating corona discharges: plate-plate, plate-wire plate, coaxial wire tube, tip plate, multi-tip plate, grid plate (tube), grid lattice arrangements,

FIG 11 is a hybrid discharge, wherein one electrode det completely above the medium on the sieve befin ^¬, whereas the second electrode through the screen itself is formed,

12 shows a plate or grid arrangement with curved

Surfaces for fitting to or use of vessel walls as electrodes, concentric electrodes in tube form for use of existing piping or towers for the pulp as reactor vessel,

13 shows a pulsed discharge in the near-surface gas space above the headbox on the wire with a multi-wire plate arrangement, and

FIG. 14 shows a pulsed corona discharge system with a coaxial wire tube, with embedded, finely distributed gas bubbles, so that finest gas beads are present in the discharge region and streamer formation takes place predominantly in the gas bubbles,

FIG. 15 shows a schematic representation of a stock preparation plant with plasma reactors, FIG.

FIG. 16 Plasma reactor for a dilution water. FIG.

1 shows a schematic representation of a complex Pa ^¬ pierherstellungsanlage 1, as used in present-day paper mills. Their construction and the combination of different aggregates are determined by the type of paper, cardboard and paperboard types to be produced as well as the raw materials used. The papermaking plant 1 has a spatial extent of about 10 m in width and about 120 m in length. Per minute, the paper ^¬ produces manufacturing facility up to 1400 m of paper 27. It takes only we ^¬ nige seconds from the first impact of the suspension or of the pulp 39 on the sieving device 9 to the finished paper 27, which is ultimately wound up in a reel 15 °. In the ratio 1: 100 diluted with water, the Fa ^¬ hydro- 30 (see FIG 2) is applied together with excipients on the screening device 9 with the wire 10 degrees. The fibers are like on the screen 10 side by side and on each other. The

White water 23 can flow by means of several Saugkammerbereiche 24 ^¬ or sucked. In this way, a uniform fiber composite is formed, which is further dewatered by mechanical pressure in a press device 11 and with the aid of steam heat. The entire papermaking process is essentially subdivided into the areas of substance ^preparation , paper machine, finishing and equipment.

Waste paper and, as a rule, pulp also reach the paper factory in dry form, while wood pulp is normally produced in the same factory and pumped into the material center 3 as a fiber / water mixture, ie a suspension of unvarnished pulp. Waste paper and pulp 30 (see FIG. 2) are likewise dissolved with the addition of water in a fiber trough 35 (FIG. 2). Non-paper components are ^¬ the ^discharged via different sorting aggregates (not shown here). In the fabric center 3, depending on the desired type of paper, the mixture of different raw materials. Fillers and auxiliaries are also added here to improve paper quality and increase productivity.

The headbox 7 of the papermaking plant 1 distributes the pulp suspension uniformly over the entire sieve width. At the end of the screening device 9, the paper web 27 still contains about 80% water. Another dewatering process is carried out by mechanical pressure in the press device 11. In this case, the paper web 27 is guided by means of an absorbent endless felt cloth between rolls of steel, granite or hard rubber and thereby dehydrated. The white water 23 taken up by the suction chamber region 24 is fed to a sorter 5 in part and returned to another part to a fabric scavenger 17. To the press apparatus 11 joins ei ^¬ ne drying plant. 13 The remaining residual water is evaporated in the drying plant 13. Slalom-like, the paper web 27 passes through several steam-heated drying cylinders. In the end, the paper 27 has a residual moisture of a few percent. The water vapor produced in the drying plant 13 is sucked off and fed into a heat recovery unit (not shown).

For treatment of the fiber suspension 39 according to the invention, in a first embodiment between the fabric ^¬ accumulating 7 and 9, a first electrode arranged to the initial region of the screening device 43 of the screening device 9, and a two ^¬ th electrode 44 through the screening apparatus. 9 The electrodes 43 and 44 are arranged such that the surface-distributed fiber suspension 39 extends between them. Thus, for the treatment of the fiber suspension 39, a large-scale plasma under atmospheric pressure in close proximity to the

Fiber suspension 39 can be generated, the electrodes 43 and 44 are connected to a high voltage pulse generator 46. With the aid of this high-voltage pulse generator 46, a large-volume plasma with a large cross section and with high power density is produced between the electrodes 43 and 44. Here, a plasma density is homogeneously distributed over the treatment area which is covered by the electrodes 43 and 44. According to the invention, this large-volume plasma with high power density is produced by superimposing intensive, short-lasting high-voltage pulses having a high pulse repetition rate of 1 kHz on a DC corona discharge. With this operation, an externa ^¬ tremely homogeneous, large-volume plasma with a high performance generated without the plasma constrictions known in DC corona discharges.

To aid in the treatment effect, which exerts the cold large-area plasma to the fiber suspension, optionally via a gas ^¬ line 80 oxygen with argon as the carrier gas in the treatmen ^¬ lung space between the electrodes 43 and 44 are introduced by means of a gas distributor 81st With the help of the oxygen-argon mixture, it is particularly advantageous to generate hydroxyl radicals. Hydroxyl radicals are particularly aggressive and oxidizing, thereby a bleaching effect is achieved at the only a few seconds in the treatment area between the electrodes 43 and 44 lingering fiber suspension.

Analogous to that described above, an electrode system 47, 48 in the press device 11 generates a large-area plasma for the treatment of the paper web 27. The first electrode 47 in the press device 11 is designed as a half-round grid electrode. Through the semicircular Ausges ^¬ taltung the electrode 47 can follow the course of the paper web on a transport roller 12th The second electrode 48 in the press device 11 is designed as a plate electrode made ^¬ and arranged so that the transport roller can be passed between the electrodes 12 and 47 48th In order to stimulate the formation of radicals in the plasma here as well, the plasma treatment area is optionally also flowed via the gas distributor 81 with the gas line 80 with an oxygen-argon mixture here.

The pressing process compresses the paper structure, a strength increases and a surface quality is decisively influenced. By the treatment of the pressed paper with kal ^¬ tem plasma, in particular with the generated radicals, the molecular structure of the paper surface is further changed ^¬ changed. The strength of the paper 27 is increased and improved printability. With the above-mentioned electrode arrangements 43 and 44 as well as 47 and 48, it is possible according to the inventive method to guide the paper web 27 between streamer discharges. A streamer is a special form of a linearly moving plasma cloud or a developing discharge channel that forms due to the excited high external field strength. An assembly of such streamer takes place within less than 10 ns and merges very quickly into a thermal breakdown channel. Previous arrangements of the electrode systems, with the paper web 27 between the electrodes used for streamer discharge, is particularly advantageous, as the paper 27 thereby acts in part as a dielectric barrier, thereby suppressing the transition from the streamer puncture.

2 shows a second embodiment of a dung OF INVENTION ^¬ modern bleaching apparatus 38. A raw material 30, in particular pulp is conveyed via a conveyor belt 33 in a Fa ^¬ sertrog 35th In the fiber trough 35, the raw material 30 is mixed with water and pumped via a pipeline 36 into a bleaching trough 37. A first electrode 43 'and second electrode 44' are each designed as a circular planar Git ^¬ terelektrode. The first electrode 43 'is arranged in the gas space ^{¬ of} the filled into the bleaching trough 37 pulp fiber suspension 39. The second electrode 44 'is in ^¬ Neren the bleaching tray 37 is arranged and is thus completeness, ^¬ dig covered by the pulp fiber suspension. 39 Between the two electrodes 43 'and 44', a large-area cold plasma is generated by means of the high-voltage pulse generator 46.

By direct treatment of the pulp fiber suspension 39 with the cold plasma, the radicals OH ^" , HOO ^" , O, O ₃ are preferably produced in the suspension 39. These radicals trigger a bleaching chemical reaction. The high-voltage pulse tension ^¬ generator 46 is operated such that it high voltage pulses with a duration of 1 s between the Elect ^¬ roden 43 'and 44' generated. One for the production of radica- len and ozone in the pulp fiber suspension necessary DC voltage is approximately at some 10 kV to 100 kV. The high voltage pulses are superimposed on the DC voltage to form a total amplitude of a few 10 kV to over 100 kV. By treating the pulp fiber suspension 39 with a cold electrical discharge, so the plasma, the radicals are generated in situ. Thus, large total amounts of radicals can be introduced into the suspension 39. In addition, the radicals are generated in a finely dispersed manner in the suspension, so that the hitherto necessary expense for mixing chemicals with the suspension can also be reduced.

For a further increase in the bleaching process, an oxygen-argon mixture, which has been treated in a gas distributor 81, is introduced into the bleaching trough 37 via a gas line 80.

FIG 3 shows a third embodiment of a Schnittdar ^¬ position of a bleaching vessel. In the middle of the bleaching vessel, a high voltage electrode 50 is arranged. The Außenman ^¬ th of the bleaching vessel is as a counter electrode directed 51 Herge ^¬. In the bleaching vessel is a Zellstofffa ^¬ ser suspension 39. Between the electrodes 50 and 51, a streamer 53 is shown. 59 radicals are produced by streamers in that high-energy electrons with Wassermole ^¬ cules or collide suspension molecules and these dissociate or excite. Upon dissociation, radicals 59 are released immediately, while UV light is produced upon excitation by a subsequent radiant transition. This generated UV light in turn reacts with water molecules and dissociates them.

The bleaching vessel shown in FIG. 3 can also be used as a ^device for the passage of the suspension 39. For this purpose, the device is not ^{ausgestal ¬} as a bleaching vessel tet, but as a kind of tubular reactor, ie without a bottom. With this tube reactor, a passage of the suspension can be carried out with simultaneous plasma generation. With regard to colored impurities, these radicals 59 and oxidants 57 directly attack the high-molecular-weight dyes and destroy them to such an extent that the color effect of the molecules is eliminated.

With respect to microbiological contaminants are attacked this is by the UV light, the radical 59 and oxidant 57 ^¬ and destroyed. The simultaneous effect of several such biocidal components a synergy effect is achieved, which leads to a particularly effective sterilization of the suspension 39. In particular, the results at the beginning of the process applied high electric field to a wide ^¬ ren synergy increase by a pre-damage of view of biological cells by electroporation of the cell walls, which are especially vulnerable to attack by subsequently he ^¬ witnessed chemically active ingredients, particularly the Radika -

Microorganisms which release, for example, carbohydrate-cleaved enzymes, such as the cellulase enzyme, which decompose the cellulose present in the suspension 39 as a fiber base and serve as the decomposed, short-chain carbohydrate for the microorganisms, are also inhibited or completely destroyed. The microorganisms are killed, minimizing cellulase production. By ei ^¬ nen concurrent degradation of a catalase can build ₂ θ ₂ concentration in addition to the radicals, a H. This in turn contributes to the direct cellulase degradation as well as to the sterilization of the microorganisms produced by the cellulase.

In FIG 4, the voltage profile of the high-tension voltage pulses ^¬ used is shown. A first pulse 66 and a second pulse 67, each having a pulse width 62, have a ^distance of one pulse repetition time 63. The abscissa shows the time in ms and the ordinate the voltage in kV. The units are chosen arbitrarily. A level of about 100 kV DC voltage coincides with the abscissa shown. The illustrated pulse voltage is thus superimposed on the DC voltage. The result is a total amplitude of about 500 kV. The pulses 66 and 67 have a pulse width 62 of less than 1 μs, wherein the individual pulses 66, 67 have a high rising edge with a rise time 64 and a less steeply sloping edge. The pulse repetition time ^¬ 63 is typically between 10 microseconds and 100 milliseconds.

In this case, the individual pulses 66, 67 such total ^¬ amplitude that more than the predetermined DC voltage, a predetermined energy density is achieved. As mentioned, the pulse rise time 64 is usually short compared to the pulse drop time. By such a kind of pulses, it is ^¬ sufficient that electrical breakdowns that would lead to spatial and temporal disturbances in the homogeneous plasma density distribution can be avoided.

Figures 5 to 10 show further examples of Elektrodensys ^¬ systems for generating corona discharges, preferably in aqueous media, especially for alternative use in the aforementioned embodiments. In FIG 5, a plate-plate assembly of a first plate 70a as an electrode and a second plate 70b as an electrode Darge ^¬ provides. The first plate 70a and the second plate 70b are arranged parallel to each other. The first plate 70a forms the high voltage electrode and is connected to the high voltage pulse ^generator 46 via a high voltage cable. The second plate 70b forms the counter electrode and is connected as ge ^¬ grounded electrode with the high voltage pulse generator 46 in connection.

A corresponding arrangement with specially flat plate electrodes is shown in FIG. Again there are two solid plate electrodes 70a and 70c at a fixed distance with a high voltage electrode 71 in the middle. In this plate-wire-plate arrangement, the high-voltage tion electrode 71 designed as a solid wire and connected to the high voltage output of the high voltage pulse generator 46. The grounded plates 70a, 70c are also in communication with the high voltage pulse generator.

7 shows a wire-tube arrangement as an electrode system. In a cylindrical electrode 72 projects centrally a high ^¬ voltage electrode 71 inside. As the high voltage electrode 71 ^¬ is implemented as a solid wire and connected to the high voltage pulse generator 46 in FIG. 6 The cylindrical electrode 72, which is preferably configured as a braid Drahtge ^¬ is grounded and is connected to the high voltage pulse generator 46 in ^¬ compound.

8 shows a tip-plate arrangement as Elektrodensys ^¬ tem. The example, three peaks 73 are connected via a high ^¬ voltage line to the high voltage pulse generator 46. The tips 73 are arranged at right angles to a grounded plate electrode 74. The spacing of the Spitzenelekt- roden 73 to the plate electrode 74 is adjustable and can thus be adapted for different process conditions ^¬ the.

9 shows an electrode system arrangement comprising 3 plates 70a, 70d and 70e. The first plate 70a, which is connected as a high-voltage electrode to the high-voltage pulse generator 46, is arranged centrally between two solid plates 70d and 70e. The plates 70a and 70b are connected via ei ^¬ nen plate connector 70f. Since the plate 70d as a grounded counter electrode is in communication with the high voltage pulse generator 46, the plate 70e above the plate connector 70f also functions as a grounded counter electrode.

10 shows an electrode system as a grid-grid Anord ^¬ tion. Analogous to FIG. 5, a first grid 75a and a second grid 75b are parallel to one another here. The first Git ^¬ ter 75a here forms the high voltage electrode and is the high voltage pulse generator 46 connected. The second grid 75b forms the grounded counter electrode and communicates with the high voltage pulse generator 46.

All the above-mentioned electrode arrangements have in common that they instead of the connection of high voltage pulses 66, 67 - as shown in Figure 3 - with a ^{DC ¬} voltage, for example in the range of 1 V to 10 V, in particular ^¬ special of 2 V to 5 V. , Can be applied to produce a continuous electrolysis.

A hybrid discharge, wherein one electrode is fully 75a ^¬ constantly outside a to be bleached pulp 39, and a second electrode 76b fully or partially in the pulp 39 is submerged, is produced with the arrangement in Fig. 11

In this further exemplary embodiment, the electrode 76a is designed as a grid electrode and is connected to the high-voltage ^{pulse generator} 46. The grounded counter-electrode 76b is also designed as a grid electrode.

At the boundary layer between air and suspension 39, a first charge cloud 68a is formed. With the help of this La ^¬ dung cloud 68a chemically active substances can enter the suspension 39 and eliminate unwanted addition to the bleaching effect contaminants. Are also formed in the suspension 39 preferably at locations with locally elevated field strength La ^¬ dung clouds 68b, 68c. The charge clouds 68a, 68b, 68c release in the suspension 39 radicals, such as O, OH, HOO, but above all strong oxidants such as ozone and / or H ₂ O ₂ . Among other things, these chemically active substances destroy microorganisms such as bacteria and yeasts with high efficiency.

In FIG 12, a Bleichbot ^¬ tich is shown with a vessel wall 77 in a plan view as another embodiment. For the bleaching tub, a plate or grid arrangement with curved surfaces for adaptation to the vessel walls or use of the vessel walls is used as the electrode. A multiple wire electrode 79 is designed as a concentric electric de, following the course of the vessel wall 77 and is connected to the high voltage pulse generator 46 in connection. It faces two counterelectrodes: on the one hand the vessel wall 77 and on the other hand a plate electrode 78. The high voltage electrode 79 is arranged without contact between the vessel wall 77 and the plate electrode 78. The vessel ^¬ wall 77 and the plate electrode 78 are electrically conductively connected to one another and thus form the earthed counter-electrodes, which are associated with the high voltage pulse generator 46 in connection.

In order to produce pulsed discharges in the near-surface gas space above the pulp 39, a special electrode ^arrangement is shown in FIG. 13 as a further exemplary embodiment. A high voltage electrode 50 includes a plurality of electrically connected mitein ^¬ other rod electrodes and is arranged in the near-surface gas space 39 of the pulp such that their rods extend pa rallel ^¬ to the surface. A grounded counter electrode 51 is designed as a solid plate and arranged in distributed over the entire surface equidistant distances to the high voltage electrode 50. In this electrode arrangement as well, 39 charge clouds develop at the boundary layer between air and suspension, as indicated for example by the charge clouds 68d and 68e. The charge clouds also ensure penetration of the chemically active substances into the suspension 39. The suspension 39 is guided in this case in an upwardly open suspension channel 37a. The wall of the slurries ^¬ onskanals 37a is also connected to the counter electrode 51 ver ^¬.

FIG 14 shows a final embodiment, a ge ^¬ pulstes corona discharge system in an aqueous solution of the pulp o- 39. The electrode system is formed similar to the FIG 3 as a coaxial wire tube electrode system. The high voltage electrode 50 is disposed coaxially with the counter electrode 51 forming the vessel wall. In order to support the bleaching effect, very fine gas pearls are introduced into the discharge via a gas line 80 by means of a gas distributor 81. Δ o

charged area. In the gas bubbles 82 and 83, preferably the illustrated to FIG 3 streamer formed. On ^¬ the streamer fundamentally arise oxidants 57. There are thus generated in the suspension certain radicals.

FIG 15 is a schematic illustration of a treatment plant Stoffaufbe ^¬ Ia. With a dissolver 90, fibrous materials are suspended in an aqueous binder at the beginning of the stock preparation process. The dissolution apparatus 90 is connected to a chemical addition device 91 via a piping system. Further, the piping between the dissolver 90 and the chemical addition device 91 is connected to a first dilution water inlet 26a. The chemical addition device 91 is connected to a first purification stage 92 via a pipe system. The first cleaning stage 92 is further connected to a flotation stage 93 via a pipe system. Between the first purification stage 92 and the flotation stage 93, a second dilution water inlet 26b is arranged. A second treatment stage 94 closes, connected by a piping system ^¬, the flotation stage 93 at. From the second purification stage 94, the suspension or pulp likewise passes via a pipeline system into a thickening device 95. The thickening device 95 is connected to a bleaching container 96 via a pipeline system. From the bleaching container 96, the suspension or pulp 39 is pumped into a chest 97. From the tub 97, the treatable ^¬ th fibrous materials or the pulp 39 in a further machining process are available.

The chemical addition device 5 may add various chemical adjuvants, including bleaches to supplement ei ^¬ nes plasma-generated bleaching effect.

While the suspension or pulp 39 is pumped through the stock preparation process, dilution water 26 is added at locations 26a and 26b. In the material resolution of fibrous materials in the dissolution apparatus 3 is preferably carried out with a consistency of up to 17%. Thereafter, the suspension of fibrous materials for the subsequent chemical addition device 91 and the first purification stage 92 with the dilution water 26 at the dilution water inlet 26a is diluted to about 5.8 to 6%.

The dilution water 26 is treated at the first dilution ^water inlet 19a by means of a first plasma reactor 23a with a cold plasma or a gas discharge. By treating the dilution water 26 before the actual dilution point at which the dilution water 26 is mixed with the suspension in the pipeline system, certain radicals are generated in the dilution water 26 (OH ^" , HOO ^" , 0, O ₃ ). These radicals which come into the stock suspension by the thinners ^¬ planning water 26 already solved at the beginning of the stock preparation process bleaching chemi ^¬ cal reactions in the stock suspension from. They can also mask or eliminate sticky impurities in the fibers. These bleaching chemical reactions or radicals act directly on the fibrous materials and thus provide the desired bleaching result. For the subsequent Flo ^¬ tationsstufe 93 is thinned, the pulp suspension between the first cleaning stage 92 and the flotation stage 93 through a second dilution water inlet 26b to about 1 to 1.3% ^¬ ver. Also at the point 26b, the dilution water 26 is treated via a second plasma ^¬ reactor 23b prior to mixing with the suspension with a cold plasma or a gas discharge.

The plasma reactors 98a and 98b are preferably arranged in the immediate vicinity of the respective feed points of the dilution water 26, in particular at a distance that the remaining length of tubing to the feed point preferably a few meters, preferably around 50 cm, insbesonde ^¬ re only a few cm, is. After passing the second cleaning stage 94, the fabric 39 is ^¬ suspension having a consistency of about 1% in a one dickungsvorrichtung 13 thickened. A further treatment with a kneading disperger, for the reduction of, for example, residual color particles, can optionally be used at this point.

FIG. 16 shows, in a first exemplary embodiment, one of the two plasma reactors 98a and 98b known from FIG. 15 in a sectional illustration. The plasma reactor 23 is prepared such that an unimpeded flow of the thinners is ^¬ allows water drying 26th The dilution water flows or falls 26 - is by an intermediate space, which pass through two spaced-apart electrodes 43 "and 44" ge ^¬ - as a free water jet in the direction of flow S, preferably. The first electrode 43 "is connected via a high tension ^¬ voltage line with a high voltage pulse generator 46 in combination. In order to generate a plasma, a corona discharge or a gas discharge between the two electrodes 43" and 44 "is also the second electrode 44 via a

High voltage line with the high voltage pulse generator 46 in conjunction. With this arrangement, simultaneous generation of a number of differently oxidizing radicals in the dilution water 24 is possible. Thus, after later intimate admixture with the more highly consistent aqueous suspension of fibrous materials, these fibers can be treated with free radicals.

Claims

claims 1. The bleaching apparatus (38) unverwobener for bleaching fiber materials serbrei in a suspension, in particular as pulp or Fa, in one or a gege by boundary walls ^¬ surrounded treatment volume, into / through the treatment volume, the suspension can be filled or durchfließbar, characterized by at least a first electrode (43 ') and a high voltage pulse generator (46) connected to the first electrode (43'), with which in Treatment volume and / or in the immediate vicinity of a plasma can be generated. 2. bleaching device (38) according to claim 1, characterized in that the plasma at a distance of less than 20 cm, preferably less than 10 cm, preferably less than 5 cm, is generated by ^{Behandlungsvo ¬} lumen. 3. bleaching device (38) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fiber ^¬ materials for the production of paper, cardboard or cardboard are suitable and / or such a manufacturing process can be supplied as Prozessgut. 4. The bleaching apparatus (38) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the treatmen ^¬ lung volume for filling or flowing through the suspension, of a starting material (30) preferably at the paper, paperboard or cardboard manufacture, in particular a to lead ^¬ chenden pulp (39) or a pulp to be bleached, ge ^¬ is suitable. 5. bleaching device (38) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one second electrode (44 ') for plasma generation is present. 6. bleaching device (38) according to one of claims 1 to 5, in that at least one of the electrodes (44 ') is arranged such that it comes into contact with the suspension when filled into the treatment volume or flowing through suspension. Bleaching device (38) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one of the electrodes (43 ', 44') is arranged such that the plasma, preferably for the most part, in a near-surface volume below or above the surface of the filled Suspension is generated. 8. bleaching device (38) according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the electric ^¬ the (43 ', 44') are formed flat, in particular, the second electrode (44 ') is at least partially submerged in the Suspen ^¬ sion and / or the first electrode (43 ') pa ^¬ rallel to the second electrode (44') is arranged outside the suspension. 9. bleaching device (38) according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the electrodes ^¬ (43 ', 44') are formed flat, wherein the first electrode (43 ') and the second electrode (44') the suspension are arranged parallel to each other ^¬ near the surface. 10. bleaching device (38) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a limiter ^¬ tion wall (51) of the treatment volume as an electrode Herge ^¬ is directed. 11. The bleaching apparatus (38) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the treatmen ^¬ lung volume as a pipeline (36, 72, 77), especially as a connecting element for the transport of the suspension from ^¬ is designed. 12. The bleaching device according to claim 1, wherein at least one electrode is designed as a plate (70a, 70b). 13. bleaching device (38) according to claim 12, characterized in that the electric ^¬ as the at least two opposing, preferably pa ^¬ rallel running, plates (70a, 70b) are arranged. 14. The bleaching device according to claim 1, wherein at least one electrode is designed as a wire (71). 15. The bleaching device according to claim 1, wherein at least one electrode is designed as a wire mesh, in particular as a wire mesh (75a, 75b). 16. Bleaching device (38) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that at least one electrode as a grid (75a, 75b), in particular as an array of rectangular or obliquely crossing round bars and / or flat bars, preferably in the form of a sieve , is designed. 17, bleaching device (38) according to any one of claims 14 to 16, d a d e r c h e c e n e c e in that the electrodes are arranged as at least two opposing, preferably parallel to each other, grids (75 a, 75 b). 18. A bleaching device (38) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that at least one electrode has one or more tip (s) (73). 19. A bleaching device (38) according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein a at least one electrode is configured as a tube (36, 72, 77). 20. bleaching apparatus (38) claim 19, characterized in that the electric ^¬ as a tube (72) with a therein, preferably coaxially arranged wire (71) are configured. 21. The bleaching apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 20, characterized in that the electric are arranged ^¬ such that between two Minim ^¬ least one plate connector (70f) electrically interconnected plates (70d, 70e) connecting the first electrode education a wire (71) or a grid (75a) is arranged as a second ^{electrode ¬} de. 22. The bleaching device (38) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one - preferably flat - electrode (78, 79) is arranged at least partially parallel to a, in particular curved, lateral surface or to a boundary wall (77) of the treatment volume. 23. The bleaching apparatus (38) according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized by means (81) for Inji ^¬ cation of gas, particularly air or oxygen, preferably ^¬ as pure oxygen or oxygen with, for example, rare gas as a carrier gas, in the treatment volume. 24. A method for treating unwoven fibers in a suspension, in particular as pulp or pulp, preferably before ^¬ operation of the bleaching apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, dadurchgeken n- characterized in that the suspension or a dilution water to be added thereto (26) with, preferably non-thermal , brought into contact with large-area plasma under at least atmospheric pressure, the plasma in close proximity to Produced suspension or the dilution water (26) or in the suspension or in the dilution water (26) or in the immediate vicinity of the suspension or the dilution water (26) a gas discharge, in particular a corona discharge, is generated under at least atmospheric pressure. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the plasma is generated by the suspension at a distance of less than 20 cm, preferably less than 10 cm, preferably less than 5 cm. 26. Method according to claim 24 or 25, wherein a suspension is suitable for the production of paper, paperboard or paperboard. 27. Method according to one of claims 24 to 26, wherein a moist or wet sheet is used as the suspension. 28. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 27, characterized in that for the generation ^¬ supply of the plasma or the gas discharge between electrodes (43,44) high voltage pulses (66,67) with a duration (62) of less than 10 microseconds be generated , 29. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 28, characterized in that the plasma or the gas discharge is applied to the suspension before and / or during the sheet formation, in particular when passing through ^¬ or through a sieve device (9). 30. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 29, characterized in that the Suspen ^¬ sion on both sides brought into contact with the plasma or treated by ^{¬ means of} the gas discharge. 31. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 30, characterized in that the plasma or the gas discharge for the bleaching of the suspension, the pulp (39) or the pulp, in particular in a digester, in a bleaching container (37) or in a conduit, is used. 32. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 31, characterized in that the Suspen ^¬ sion, the pulp (39) or the pulp, is brought into contact with at least one electrode for generating the plasma or the gas discharge. 33. The method of claim 24, wherein the plasma or the gas discharge is generated in the suspension. 34. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 33, characterized in that the content of carrier liquid, in particular water, in the suspension in the range between 40% and 99, 9%, preferably in the range between 80% and 98% and in particular in the range between 85% and 98%, lies. 35. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 34, wherein a radical (59) is generated in the plasma or by means of the gas discharge, which act on the fibrous materials. 36. A method according to claim 35, characterized in that a different type or composition are used for different ver ^¬ states of suspensions in a paper, cardboard or paperboard manufacturing process, in particular at different ^¬ integrated process stages, radicals (59). 37. The method according to claim 35 or 36, wherein a suspension is exposed to radicals (59) of different types or compositions within a process step in a paper or cardboard production process, preferably sequentially in time. 38. The method according to any one of claims 35 to 37, characterized in that as radicals (59) ozone (O ₃ ), hydrogen peroxide (H ₂ O ₂ ), hydroxyl radicals (OH), HO ₂ and / or HO ₂ ^"are produced , 39. The method according to any one of claims 35 to 38, characterized in that in the lead ^¬ chen in the suspension or in the pulp (39) or in the pulp, the plasma or the gas discharge is applied such that as radicals (59) increased ozone ( O ₃ ) and / or hydrogen peroxide (H ₂ O ₂ ) is formed. 40. The method according to any one of claims 35 to 39, characterized in that during sieving and / or in / in the areal distributed suspension or pulp (39) or pulp or in the forming or formed, still unpressed sheet, the plasma or the gas discharge such is applied, that as radicals (59) increasingly hydroxyl (OH), HO ₂ and / or HO ₂ ^"is formed. 41. The method according to any one of claims 35 to 40, characterized in that a Erzeu ^¬ transmission rate of the radicals (59) and / or the composition of the generated radicals (59) by influencing an amplitude (U), pulse duration (62) and / or a pulse repetition rate (63) of the high voltage pulses (66,67) is controlled. 42. The method according to claim 41, characterized in that for controlling ^¬ tion and control of the generation rate and / or the nature of the generated radicals (59) a concentration of the generated radicals (59) is measured. 43. The method of claim 41 or 42, characterized in that for Steue ^¬ tion and control of the production rate or the composition of the generated radicals (59) has a property of the suspension, preferably a quality property, in particular its Opacity, gloss, whiteness, fluorescence or color point, is measured. 44. The method according to any one of claims 42 or 43, characterized in that the Konzent ^¬ ration or the property "online" is measured. 45. The method according to any one of claims 41 to 44, characterized in that for regulating the amplitude (U) of the high voltage pulses (66,67) at kon ^¬ constant repetition rate (63) is changed. 46. The method according to claim 41, wherein the repetition rate (63) of the high-voltage pulses (66, 67) is varied at a constant amplitude (U) in order to regulate. 47. The method according to claim 24, wherein the suspension, the pulp or pulp, preferably to the suspension, is preferably used Bleaching, enriched with oxygen in the plasma-exposed area. 48. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 47, characterized in that in the Sus ^¬ pension, in the pulp (39) or in the pulp, ^{vorzugswei ¬} se used for bleaching, a high voltage pulse duration (62) of less than 100 ns becomes. 49. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 48, characterized in that areal distributed suspension, pulp (39) or pulp or forming or formed, still unpressed sheet, especially in screening, in the plasma-loaded area of a steam-enriched Atmosphere is surrounded. 50. The method according to any one of claims 41 to 49, characterized in that at a flat distributed / m suspension, pulp (39) or pulp or forming or formed, still unpressed sheet, in particular during screening, a high voltage pulse duration (62) of 100ns until lμs is used. 51. The method according to any one of claims 41 to 50, characterized in that in areal distributed / m suspension, pulp (39) or pulp or forming or formed, still unpressed sheet, in particular during screening, a high-voltage amplitude (U) entspre ^¬ At least twice the value, preferably at least three times the value, of a corona threshold voltage is applied to the electrodes. 52. The method according to any one of claims 41 to 51, characterized in that for the generation ^¬ supply of the plasma or the corona discharge a DC voltage corona discharge is produced and the DC corona discharge, the high-voltage pulses (66,67) are superimposed , 53. The method according to any of claims 41 to 52, wherein a pulse repetition rate (63) between 10 Hz and 5 kHz, in particular from the range of 10 Hz to 10 kHz, is used. 54. The method according to any one of claims 41 to 53, characterized in that the Leis ^¬ ingseinkopplung electrical energy into the plasma predominantly via the control of amplitude (U), pulse duration (62), and pulse repetition rate (63) of the superimposed high-voltage pulses is controlled. 55. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 54, characterized in that high tension ^¬ voltage pulses (66,67) with a duration (62) of less than 3 microseconds, preferably less than 1 s, preferably from Weni ^¬ ger than 500 ns, be applied. 56. The method of claim 28, wherein a homogeneous, large-volume plasma with high power density is generated without plasma constrictions or breakdowns occurring. 57. Method according to one of claims 28 to 56, in that a DC Voltage is used of such a height that in the plasma only in conjunction with superimposed high voltage pulses, a stable DC corona discharge is formed. 58. The method according to claim 57, characterized in that the inserted set ^¬ DC voltage below the voltage for stable operation without high voltage pulse superimposition is located. 59. The method according to claim 57 or 58, characterized in that the inserted ^¬ total amplitude (DC voltage + pulse amplitude) is above the static breakdown voltage of the electrode assembly. 60. The method according to any one of claims 57 to 59, characterized in that the inserted set ^¬ overall amplitude corresponds to two to five times the stati ^¬'s breakdown voltage of the electrode assembly. 61. The method according to any one of claims 57 to 60, characterized in that the Amplitu ^¬ de (U) of the high voltage pulses is between 10% and 1000% of the DC voltage used. 62. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 61, characterized in that a gas flow ^{¬ is} generated perpendicular to the electrode assembly (43,44). 63. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 62, characterized in that a gas flow ^¬ parallel to the electrode assembly (43,44) is generated. 64. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 63, characterized in that impurities formed by orga ^¬ African dyes, biocatalytic substances and / or micro ^¬ organisms and / or other biological material are reduced in the suspension. 65. The method of claim 24, wherein the adhesive impurities are reduced. 66. A method according to claim 24, characterized in that the thinners ^¬ voltage is treated water (26) in addition to the plasma or the gas discharge before the dilution water (26) is added to the suspension.