Knowledge management in public sector

Cloud computing is fast creating a revolution in the way information technology is used and procured by organizations and by individuals. In this article, we examine what cloud computing is and the importance of this new model of computing. We then examine non-military uses of cloud computing in governments across the globe, from the Unites States to Europe and Asia. Then, we look at the resource – people and computing – issues involved in shirting to cloud computing. The author then presents his six-step “Cloud Migration Strategy” for governmental agencies to shift to cloud computing. Finally, we look “over the horizon” to the implications for public sector organizations and the information technology community as the cloud computing revolution progresses.

Knowledge Management (KM) implementation is
mainly linked to soft issues such as organizational culture and
people. Recently, most organizations are struggling to
effectively use KM tools and techniques. Previous study shows
that there is a relationship between KM and Customer
Relationship Management (CRM). KM, in particular, has been
defined as the process of capturing the collective expertise and
intelligence in an organization and using them to foster
innovation through continued organizational learning whereas
obtaining customer-related knowledge is specified as the means
to attain CRM objectives. Since a major part of that expertise
and intelligence refers to customers, it is concluded that CRM
is strongly related to KM and especially to customer
knowledge management. CRM is a combination of people,
processes and technology that seeks to understand a
company’s customers. CRM has evolved from advances in
information technology and organizational changes in
customer centric processes. Managing a successful CRM
implementation requires an integrated and balanced approach
to technology, processes and people. This paper discuss about
the implementation of CRM in Research and Development
Centers of Public Universities in Malaysia. The purpose of this
study is to investigate the current scenario of CRM
implementation Research and Development Centers of Public
Universities in Malaysia and what are their challenges in its
implementation. This study has conducted the structured
interview session with top management of eight public
universities. Besides, a questionnaire was distributed to the R
& D staffs in those eight public universities. Statistical analysis
was carried out on data collected from 40 completed
questionnaires. Descriptive analysis and correlation test has
been performed to investigate the hypotheses. This study
indicates that organization CRM knowledge has a relationship
with organizational issues such as human, culture, financial
and technology issues. Suggestions as to what future research
should indicate are also made.

Crowdsourcing is rapidly evolving and applied in situations where ideas, labour, opinion or expertise of large groups of people are used. Crowdsourcing is now used in various policy-making initiatives; however, this use has usually focused on open collaboration platforms and specific stages of the policy process, such as agenda-setting and policy evaluations. Other forms of crowdsourcing have been neglected in policy-making, with a few exceptions. This article examines crowdsourcing as a tool for policy-making, and explores the nuances of the technology and its use and implications for different stages of the policy process. The article addresses questions surrounding the role of crowdsourcing and whether it can be considered as a policy tool or as a technological enabler and investigates the current trends and future directions of crowdsourcing.

Recent years have seen a surge in online collaboration between experts and amateurs on scientific research. In this article, we analyse the epistemological implications of these crowdsourced projects, with a focus on Zooniverse, the world's largest citizen science web portal. We use quantitative methods to evaluate the platform's success in producing large volumes of observation statements and high impact scientific discoveries relative to more conventional means of data processing. Through empirical evidence, Bayesian reasoning, and conceptual analysis, we show how information and communication technologies enhance the reliability, scalability, and connectivity of crowdsourced e-research, giving online citizen science projects powerful epistemic advantages over more traditional modes of scientific investigation. These results highlight the essential role played by technologically mediated social interaction in contemporary knowledge production. We conclude by calling for an explicitly sociotechnical turn in the philosophy of science that combines insights from statistics and logic to analyse the latest developments in scientific research.

This paper sheds light on the role of tertiary or higher education in economic development across two successful (OECD) case studies; Finland and South Korea. A number of key aspects are discussed, from the nature of the social contract between (higher) education and the economy to the endogenous characteristics of domestic higher education to the links between the sector and regional development, innovation, and the labour market. The lessons learned are of importance to policy makers and institutional planners across the world, not least to less developing nations and regions, due to the unprecedented opportunities brought by a global, knowledge-based economy.

Interpersonal networks are increasingly important factors for organizational learning and performance.  However, little is known about how these networks emerge. Exponential random graph models are used to explore the underlying processes of advice network formation in 15 organizations.  This study examines the influence of (i) structural effects (reciprocity, transitivity, multiplexity) (ii) actor attribute effects (job function, tenure, education, self-efficacy), and (iii) peer competition.  The results suggest employees rely more on reciprocity, closure, and similarity in job function, rather than on peer expertise or status when seeking advice.  The results also show that employees who perceive greater levels of competition with peers are significantly less likely to both seek and provide advice. As public organizations continually look toward private sector strategies that promote internal competition to improve efficiency and accountability, public managers need to be aware of the potential negative implications those strategies can have on interpersonal networks and organizational learning.

Siciliano, M.D. (2015). Advice networks in public organizations: The role of structure, internal competition, and individual attributes. Public Administration Review, 75(4), 548-559. doi: 10.1111/puar.12362

There has been a proliferation of administrative practices and processes of policy-making and policy delivery beyond but often overlapping with traditional nation state policy processes. New formal and informal institutions and actors are behind these policy processes, often in cooperation with national public administrations but sometimes quite independently from them. These 'multi-stakeholder initiatives', 'global public–private partnerships' and 'global commissions' are creating or delivering global policies even though the geographic pattern of policy action can vary considerably. Implementation may occur at (trans)national or local levels in different regions more or less contemporaneously, or also in problem contexts that are cross-border and co-jurisdictional, hence our use of the term 'transnational administration'. Traditional policy and public administration studies have tended to undertake analysis of the capacity of public sector hierarchies to globalize national policies rather than to investigate transnational policy-making above and beyond the state. This article extends the ambit of public administration and policy studies into what has traditionally been considered the realm of International Relations scholarship to identify and map new modes of global (public) policy and transnational administration and prospects for ongoing conceptualization.

Purpose-The purpose of this study was to understand the effects of creative self-efficacy and affective personal commitment on individuals' knowledge creation and innovative work behaviors. Design/methodology/approach-This study used a time-lagged field survey to collect data from a diverse sample across various organizations in Pakistan (N 5 249 paired responses). Main and mediating effects were tested using bootstrapping technique. Findings-The results revealed that affective personal commitment and creative self-efficacy significantly predicted supervisory-rated innovative performance directly and indirectly through knowledge creation ability (KCA). Originality/value-The study uniquely contributed to the body of knowledge by developing and validating scales for KCA and affective personal commitment. In addition, the study contributed to the body of knowledge by examining the antecedents and outcomes of KCA.

The European Union’s Lisbon Strategy set a bold vision of a “Europe of Knowledge” where
universities are seen as central actors. A modernisation agenda of universities has been promoted in
recent years, focusing on the contribution of the sector to reaching regional and national economic
goals. This chapter takes stock of ongoing national reforms across 17 European Union countries. Data
pertaining to two key elements—societal relevance (in the form of university-industry relations) and
scientific excellence—is analysed. The author discusses the findings in the light of conceptualisations
surrounding the relevance-excellence nexus in higher education, as well as current policy dynamics and
scholarly debates across the region. The chapter concludes by recommending future research directions.
(full paper available by request)

Public organizations face a multitude of challenges that force them to innovate existing processes, policies, programs, and products. Indeed, in recent years, innovation has become a core topic of study in public administration. However, the vast majority of the public sector innovation literature stems from the United States and Western Europe. The lack of Asia-Pacific studies is particularly striking given that countries like Australia, China, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan consistently rank high on public sector innovation. This special issue brings together state of the art empirical research on public sector innovation in the Asia-Pacific region that examines a range of drivers and outcomes of innovation, including studies comparing Asia-Pacific countries and countries in the East and the West. The findings show that public sector employees in the studied countries all seek opportunities to innovate , whereas cultural norms and values either constrain or enable innovative behaviour and affect the extent to which employees experience leadership support for displaying such behaviour.

The aim of this paper is to explore the dichotomous role of knowledge through an examination of tacit and explicit knowledge in organizational change contexts. The study's aim is achieved by an analytical review of the seminal and contemporary knowledge management literature. The paper contributes to the current body of knowledge management literature by analyzing a wide range of key literature and presenting a contemporary overview that compares the role of tacit and explicit knowledge within organizational change contexts. The findings contribute towards theoretical development in the knowledge management field by providing researchers with future research directions to build upon previous theoretical understandings and advance our collective knowledge of the research domain. The paper offers practical and pragmatic insights that will help firm managers to use tacit and/or explicit knowledge to manage organizational change. This article presents an original comparative table that summarizes and compares the key understandings and insights from across the literature sources on a range of important aspects, and then presents implications for the two knowledge typologies. The paper also presents an original research framework containing a structured database of related calls for research by the latest academic publications. Furthermore, it provides specific and informed managerial recommendations for best practice in the integration of these knowledge typologies into organizational change management.

Around the world, there is a growing interest among policy scholars and practitioners in the role of knowledge in relation to public policy. These debates are accompanied by some confusion about what is meant by knowledge or evidence, as well as controversies around the role of scientists and suspicions of increasingly technocratic decision making. Our aim is to provide a useful overview of the major debates in this paper, and to trace six dominant discourses in current research that address the role of scientific knowledge or expertise in the policy process. We distinguish evidence-based policy making, knowledge utilisa-tion, policy learning, knowledge transfer, social construction of knowledge and boundaries, and knowing in practice as separate discourses. We show how they differ in their understanding of knowledge, of the problem to solve in terms of the role of knowledge in policy, of practical implications, as well as in their understanding of public policy and in their ontologies and epistemologies. A condensed and structured representation serves as a basis for conducting comparisons across discourses as well as to open ways for analysis of strategic associations between the discourses. We hope to contribute to extending the discussion of knowledge in policy into the realm of epistemic politics and we suggest several avenues for future research that can draw on a range of concepts from across all of the discourses.

The sustainable management of shared fishery resources remains a research concern despite the theoretical advances of recent decades. In the context of globalization, governance of fisheries resources cannot be conceived aside from a general restructuring of the value chain and without taking into account the evolution of the standard of living of fishing communities. This paper argues that in knowledge-based economies, value creation is based on proper management of the friction between material and immaterial vectors associated with the activity of fisheries. The case study of the shellfish community of Carril in northwestern Spain is presented and analyzed, setting out potential labeling alternatives to empower local producers.

The purpose of this paper is to explore whether Australian universities encourage tacit knowledge transfer. In
doing so, the paper also explores the role of managers (academics’ supervisor) in promoting or hampering
tacit knowledge transfer and the value given to new ideas and innovation. This study collected data by
conducting interviews of academics in four universities and a qualitative narrative analysis was carried out.
The findings suggest that universities generally encourage and facilitate the transfer of tacit knowledge;
however there are some areas that require improvement. Avenues for improving tacit knowledge transfer call
for open communication, peer-trust and unrestricted sharing of knowledge by managers. The study was
conducted in four universities, hence limits the generalisability of the findings. This paper will contribute to
further research in the discipline of tacit knowledge, provide understanding and guide universities in their
tacit knowledge transfer efforts and in particular, encourage the transfer of tacit knowledge.

Citizens and public organisations are increasingly engaging in the co-creation of public services. To be successful, such co-creation efforts require public organisations to engage in organisational learning about citizens' value-creation processes. The purpose of this paper is to explore the antecedents of such organisational learning, drawing on Payne, Storbacka, and Frow's framework about value co-creation management. A model consisting of five factors is suggested and tested via a survey administered to a sample of 204 local government administrators in Italy. The findings highlight the significance of two positive antecedents (public administrators' level of citizen orientation and expected benefits from co-creation) and three negative antecedents (perceived citizens' lack of competencies and experience, perceived biases in citizens' perceptions, and lack of resources) of organisational learning. From the managerial perspective, the model tested in this study can be used by public organisations to evaluate their level of organisational learning.

Public policies need research results in order to effectively address the complex socio-economic challenges (so-called: evidence-based policies). However there is a clear gap between producing scientific expertise and using it in public decision-making. This "know-do" gap is common in all policy areas. Knowledge brokering is a new and promising practice for tackling the challenge of evidence use. It means that selected civil servants play the role of intermediaries who steer the flow of knowledge between its producers (experts and researchers) and users (decision makers and public managers). Knowledge brokering requires a specific combination of skills that can be
learnt effectively only by experience. However this is very challenging in the public sector. Experiential learning requires learning from own actions - often own mistakes, while public institutions tend to avoid risk and are naturally concerned with the costs of potential errors. Therefore, a special approach is required to teach civil servants. This article addresses the question of how to develop knowledge brokering skills for civil servants working in analytical units. It reports on the application of a simulation game to teach civil servants through experiential
learning in a risk-free environment. Article (1) introduces the concept of knowledge brokering, (2) shows how it was translated into a game design and applied in the teaching process of civil servants and (3) reflects on further improvement. It concludes that serious game simulation is a promising tool for teaching knowledge brokering to public policy practitioners.

The article revises the effects of technology transfer offices (TTOs) on capacity building within the university, from the perspective of
creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship. The objective of the article is to understand clearly and deeply how TTOs build capacity in
creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship for all the stakeholders, researchers, faculty members, SMEs, incubators, undergraduate and
graduate students, and attorneys. Particular focus is given for analysing TTOs activities in order to comprehend the strategy of TTOs in delivering and building capacity for innovative products and services. The author concludes that the universities and TTOs should have a common strategic plan and policy to empower and to increase efficiently and effectively the impacts TTOs activities have on the
development of the technology-based innovative products and services.
Keywords: Technology Transfer Offices, creativity, innovation, entrepreneurship

Is knowledge considered a valuable asset in public sector? Most of the answers of top public managers would be yes to this question; however it is quite rare to see a public organisation with software systems to manage their knowledge repositories. Even top management support and the latest information technologies tools may not be enough to create an effective and efficient online tacit knowledge sharing (OTKS) system, as the case happened in Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat), a large public organisation from Turkey. Even though the strategic decisions about OTKS are made by top managers, the success of these strategies depends on OTKS behaviour of employees. This article, therefore, proposed a framework and reports the results of an exploratory study based on an in-depth qualitative investigation of factors influence OTKS behaviour of not only public managers but also public employees (n=50) of TurkStat. The results indicated that the OTKS platform was mostly used by the younger and well-educated public employees. Apart from that nine out of a total number of sixteen OTKS factors were considered significant by public employees and the top management. Interestingly the public officers and the public managers, as two parties, considered the other party had more responsibility and impact on fostering OTKS. Moreover, each OTKS factor had considerable different significance levels for the managers and the employees. This paper is one of the first studies to explore the factors influence OTKS in a Turkish public sector institution from two different hierarchical perspectives. Keywords: online tacit knowledge sharing, public organisations, computer-mediated communication and collaboration, knowledge management Öz Bilgi, kamu örgütleri açısından gerçekten önemli midir? Kamu yöneticilerinin tamamına yakını bu soruya evet yanıtını verecektir. Lakin etkin ve verimli bir biçimde kullanılan yazılı kurumsal hafızaya sahip bir kamu kurumu görebilmek imkansız bulunmaktadır. Bu araştırma kapsamında, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu'nda (TÜİK) yürütülen vaka çalışmasında da tespit edildiği üzere; kamu kurumlarında üst yönetici desteği ve uygun bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri araçları sağlansa dahi sanal ortamda çalışan etkin ve verimli bir Çevrimiçi Örtük Bilgi Paylaşım (ÇÖBP) sistemi tesis edilebilmesi mümkün olmamaktadır. Her ne kadar örgütsel ÇÖBP stratejileri büyük oranda üst yöneticiler tarafından şekillendirilse bile, bu stratejilerin başarıya ulaşması esas itibari ile çalışanların ÇÖBP davranışlarına bağlıdır. Bu sebeplerden ötürü bu araştırmada TÜİK üst yöneticilerinin yanı sıra, ilgili kurumda yönetici pozisyonunda bulunmayan 50 çalışanda araştırma çerçevesine dahil edilmiştir. Üst yöneticilerden derinlemesine mülakat, çalışanlardan ise yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat yöntemi ile veri toplanmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, TÜİK ÇÖBP platformu ağırlıklı olarak genç ve yüksek eğitimli kamu görevlilerince kullanılmıştır. Diğer yandan TÜİK'te ÇÖBP etkileyen toplam on altı faktör tespit edilmiştir. Bu faktörlerin dokuz tanesi hem yönetici hem de çalışanlar tarafından farklı derecelerde önemli olarak nitelendirilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları ayrıca ÇÖBP başarısı hususunda yöneticilerin çalışanları, çalışanların ise yöneticileri daha fazla sorumluluk sahibi olarak gördüklerine işaret etmektedir. Bu araştırma, Türkiye kamu sektöründe ÇÖBP faktörlerinin yönetici ve çalışan bakış açılarından ayrı ayrı ele alındığı öncü araştırmalardan biri olması hasebi ile önem arz etmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: çevrimiçi örtük bilgi paylaşımı, kamu örgütleri, bilgisayar destekli iletişim ve işbirliği, bilgi yönetimi

This article explores science cities and their basic characteristics. A brief outline of science cities in different parts of the world is given. A more detailed case description is presented on the most significant science city project in the world, Tsukuba Science City in Japan. Lastly, the future of science cities will be discussed in the light of recent trends and developments.

While national and local governments increasingly deploy crowdsourcing in lawmaking as an open government practice, it remains unclear how crowdsourcing creates value when it is applied in policymaking. Therefore, in this article, we examine value creation in crowdsourcing for public policymaking. We introduce a framework for analysing value creation in public policymaking in the following three dimensions: democratic, epistemic and economic. Democratic value is created by increasing transparency, accountability, inclusiveness and deliberation in crowdsourced policymaking. Epistemic value is developed when crowdsourcing serves as a knowledge search mechanism and a learning context. Economic value is created when crowdsourcing makes knowledge search in policymaking more efficient and enables government to produce policies that better address citizens’ needs and societal issues. We show how these tenets of value creation are manifest in crowdsourced policymaking by drawing on instances of crowdsourced lawmaking, and we also discuss the contingencies and challenges preventing value creation.

Post-truth, fake news?  This was my initial attempt to theorize post-truth politics, as many call it now. Already pointing out the public problem of fake news as political strategy, I identity a historically profound epistemic and "fiduciary crisis" that constrains and encourages particular orientations and practices of contemporary political communication/participation. "First Published in "Southern REview: Communication, Culture, POlitics" 2006 and republished in Michael Ryan (ed) Cultural STudies: an Anthology" (Blackwell, 2007)
[this is the first version of the theory/concept; it has been significantly developed since then. For a recent development of it, see my article "public argument in the new media ecology,"  and "Regimes of Posttruth," among others, in my papers.]
Abstract:This paper examines several key transformations in mediated
American politics that both encourage the use of rumour as a
privileged communication strategy and promise its efficacy.
Changing institutional news values, communication technologies,
and political public relations (PR) strategies have
converged to produce a profoundly vexing relationship
between rumour and verification, which is exploited by
politicians with anti-deliberative aims of managing belief.
Further, the paper argues that these developments are usefully
viewed through Paul Virilio's theory of Pure War, in
which rumour can be seen as part of a larger propaganda
strategy to eliminate deliberative politics and manage a population
for the purposes of consumerism and war."

Problem Statement: Creating a learning environment for in novation and entrepreneurship depends on the leadership model of the university management because of the highly technological and innovative products and services demand. Research Questions: This study questions the leadership model at the universities where inninterovation and entrepreneurship have significantly improved including the drawbacks of  the leadership models. Purpose of the Study: As the purpose of this study, the new leadership model for the university management for innovation and entrepreneurship is studied clearly to understand deeply the
new roles in these highly competitive global economies. Further more, the style of the leadership model is analyzed as well to find out the new strategy.
Research Methods: By using strategically phenomenological  interpretive analysis, the new leadership model for the university management for innovation and entrepreneurship is articulated in three different universities in Istanbul. The
study takes three months where 42 different faculty members and 12  graduate students are questioned by giving 6 different research questions in the semi structured interviews. The  data are analyzed in  Atlas. ti 7.

In this chapter we examine the origins, nature and practical implications of the idea of  ‘community of practice’.  We argue that the concept has been used both to illuminate the challenges of creating a ‘learning culture’ in healthcare and to establish initiatives promote knowledge transfer and sharing. After clarifying some of the key concepts under discussion, in the chapter we illustrate the general features of this broad family of interventions, discuss their characteristics and summarise their key success factors. We also show how the ideas of community of practice and situated learning have been applied in diverse ways by healthcare organizations and funders, how theses ways of knowing and learning have been inserted into the established institutional order, and the mixed, but sometimes promising, outcomes which have flowed from them.

Due to the explosion of information/knowledge on the web and wide use of search engines for desired information,the role of knowledge management(KM) is becoming more significant in an organization. Knowledge Management in an Organization is used to create ,capture, store, share, retrieve and manage information efficiently. The semantic web, an intelligent and meaningful web, tend to provide a promising
platform for knowledge management systems and vice versa, since they have the potential to give each other the real substance for machine-understandable web resources which in turn will lead to an intelligent, meaningful and efficient information retrieval on web. Today,the challenge for web community is to integrate the distributed heterogeneous resources on web with an objective of an intelligent web
environment focusing on data semantics and user requirements. Semantic Annotation(SA) is being widely used which is about assigning to the entities in the text and links to their semantic descriptions. Various tools like KIM, Amaya etc may be used for semantic Annotation. In this paper, we introduce semantic annotation as one of the key technology in an intelligent web environment , then revisit and review, discuss and explore about Knowledge Management and Semantic Annotation. A Knowledge Management Framework and a Framework for Semantic Annotation and
Semantic Search with Knowledge Base(GATE) and Ontology have been presented. Then KIM Annotation platform architecture including KIM Ontology(KIMO), KIM Knowledge Base and KIM front ends have been highlighted. Finally, intelligent pattern search and concerned GATE framework with a KIM Annotation Example have been illiustrated towards an intelligent information retrieval

—Knowledge-Based Management Systems enable new ways to process and analyse knowledge to gain better insights to solve a problem and aid in decision making. In the police force such systems provide a solution for enhancing operations and improving client administration in terms of knowledge management. The main objectives of every police officer is to ensure the security of life and property, promote lawfulness, and avert and distinguish wrongdoing. The administration of knowledge and information is an essential part of policing, and the police ought to be proactive in directing both explicit and implicit knowledge, whilst adding to their abilities in knowledge sharing. In this paper the potential for a knowledge based system for the Mauritius police was analysed, and recommendations were also made, based on requirements captured from interviews with several long standing officers, and surveying of previous works in the area.

This commentary suggests that a countermovement for educational and social justice must learn from the dominant global neo-liberal movement and its successes in creating institutions and knowledge-making processes and networks. Local struggles for educational justice are important, but they need to be linked to a broader educational justice movement. Such a movement itself has to be seen as part of a struggle for genuine democracy.

"Cold War Social Science: Specter, Reality, or Useful Concept?" explains how the contributions in the edited book by Mark Solovey and Hamilton Cravens, Cold War Social Science: Knowledge Production, Liberal Democracy, and Human Nature (2012) address central historiographic questions about how the Cold War shaped the social sciences and vice versa. I also map out how the contributed essays engage with three broad themes that were central during the Cold War but whose importance also transcends that era: efforts to reform the processes of knowledge production in the social sciences; the debate over the role of the United States in promoting or impeding liberal democracy and the position of the social scientists in this debate; and long-standing discussions about human nature and social scientist's contributions to these discussions.

This research aims to determine the manner of Data Processing Center Administrators regarding Knowledge Management in Data Processing Center managements. The research is a subjective whose is conducted in general scanning method. Personal and company information form and five-liker scale are the main part in which data was collected. During the data collection stage, Data Processing Center Administrators were requested to provide information about the way in which they obtain, share, process, evaluate knowledge, makes decision and analysis problems within the scope of Knowledge Management. In the virtue of the data acquired, the research shows that; the administrators obtain knowledge by attending meetings with employee, forms which is written by board of directors, making personal observation, their personal experience, using their own archives and online resources. Regarding the sharing of knowledge, the research shows the administrators always share knowledge with the board of directors; in using of knowledge, decision making and analysis problems research also shows that administrators take decisions in scientific research methods and their personal experience. Finally, research shows that in storing the knowledge administrators mainly use computers and traditional filling and also update their archives periodically. Seminars should be organized periodically by specialists with respect to acquiring, sharing, using and also filling knowledge following decision making in order for Data Processing Center Administrators to keep abreast of the latest of developments in Knowledge Management.

In the transition from the university to work, most of the university students, even those from the best universities, have problems to find right jobs in the highly competitive innovation oriented work environment (Cooke, 2007). In the everchanging knowledge-based economic era, most of the students may face various problems since they do not know their own interests,values, and talents in order to develop innovation (Power 2010) The use of new career assessment is needed to understand deeply the interests, values, and talents of the new graduates according to the needs of the market. Hence, a new assessment called ‘strategic talent management’ is developed in order to develop and follow a successful career path and successful transitions. The main purpose of this assessment is eliminating barriers while increasing innovation and creativity in the highly competitive job environments. In the adoption of the new career path, the university graduate students need to know the strategic tactics by knowing their own personal interests, values, and talents (Zunker, 2011)
Yöntem: In this study, the university students’ interests, values, and talents on innovation oriented job environment were investigated while taking into consideration the needs of the market. For that reason, two assessments were given to the students. The first one was the strategic talent management’ and the innovation potential assessment. Since innovation has significantly become important, the study environments at the university have been playing an important and crucial role on students’ interests, values, and talents as well as on their personality development. In this study, the university students (n=390), who came from two different universities in Turkey, had participated and answered strategic talent management assessment before graduating from the university and after working in organizations. In order to understand the effects of the strategic talent management assessment, the control group had taken as well. All the participants including those in the control group took the innovation potential assessment. In addition, some personal and social demographic data were gathered from the participants. Then, data were analyzed using SPSS-17.0 and descriptive and inferential statistics. The evaluation was checked together with the participants in the semi-structured interviews in order to understand deeply the relation between the strategic talent management and innovation oriented career decisions.
Beklenen Sonuçlar: The evaluations showed a significant difference between the participants who took the strategic talent management assessments and who did not in innovation potential assessment. The participants who had find the jobs had become more oriented and successful in innovation-based duties. Also, there was a significant difference between participants who took the strategic talent management and who did not in creativity, flexibility, self-confidence, and achievement drive. More importantly, there was not seen any significant difference in the control groups in all scales of the strategic talent management. 
Furthermore, the data which was gathered from the semi-showed that the strategic talent management had inevitably affected the students’ leadership, social innovation, and entrepreneurship interests, values, and talents after graduation in many ways. During this transformation process and transition period, knowing their interests, values, and talents according to the needs of the market had been influenced to a greater degree in their self-confidence. Most of the participants (94%) agreed that assessing the interests, values, and talents before their graduations had affected their career decisions, even in choosing the different organizations and the departments in the organizations. According to the data, the large number of the participants (85%) becoming aware about the interests, values, and talents played important and crucial roles in the development of their leadership comparing to those who did not take the assessments. More importantly, the large number (96%) had mentioned that these practices had improved their self-confidence, particularly in taking much more responsibilities for their organizations where they worked. Hence, their activities had increased and they became more engaged than those who did not take the assessments. In these study, it was clearly understood that the strategic talent management assessment was much more effective and efficient in career decisions, especially in those organizations where innovations was highly demanded.  Additionally, a large number of the (86%) participants agreed that the effects would be significantly seen after the graduation of the university as entrepreneurial interests, values, and talents. As a result, as most (86%) participants clarified that the strategic talent management assessment played important and crucial roles in empowering their career decisions. The large number of the participants, who did not take the assessment, had identified a number of issues including a general lack of access to better job opportunities, especially those of innovation oriented. Some of them (48%) had clarified that they did not have clear career pathways comparing to those who had taken the assessment. The participants (76%) who had the chance to take the assessments had clearly defined that world-class companies needed world-class talents so that they strongly believed that they had to improve themselves in terms of interests, values, and talents in the higher education in order to be ready in highly innovative job environments. The study showed that the assessment had helped 87% of the participants to get more involved in the needs of the market in order to make impacts in today’s society since they became more aware about themselves. 

Kaynakça ;

Cooke, P. (2007). Regional innovation, entrepreneurship and talent systems. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 7(2), 117-139.
Power, S. J. (2010). Career management tactical innovations and successful inter-organizational transitions. Career Development International, 15(7), 664-686.
Zunker, V. G. (2011). Career counseling: A holistic approach. CengageBrain. com.

Uno de los principales desafíos de la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible consiste en configurar un nuevo marco de gobernanza pública y una renovada arquitectura estatal que permitan promover sociedades pacíficas e inclusivas para el desarrollo sostenible, facilitar el acceso a la justicia para todos y construir a todos los niveles instituciones eficaces, responsables e inclusivas que rindan cuentas (Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 16). En este contexto, el paradigma del gobierno abierto constituye un medio de referencia y un eje fundamental para cumplir los Objetivos de la Agenda 2030.

El propósito de esta obra pionera es contribuir al debate emergente sobre el tránsito hacia un Estado abierto por medio de múltiples miradas provenientes de la propia CEPAL y de representantes de organismos multilaterales, autoridades y responsables de gobierno, expertos de reconocida trayectoria, académicos y representantes de organizaciones de la sociedad civil de la región, así como de plataformas de innovación y activismo cívico.

This research investigates a relevant gap in the academic literature on enterprise policy—namely, the nature of discretion and the causes that permit it during policy implementation. We found in our case studies that the programme workers who deliver policies exerted considerable discretion. Further evidence suggests that the main influences on what we call informal discretion—discretion clearly outside programme objectives—include the design of programme evaluation and audit as well as the influence of evaluators and auditors in these processes. We also found evidence of formal discretion—discretion allowed within programme objectives—through broad and ambiguous policies and procedures. Our findings and theoretical framework illustrate how discretion cannot be so easily curtailed by the market logics and strict rules of the new public management practice. Instead, we conclude that the possibility of refraining policy statements and evaluation as a learning process, from programme successes and failures, would transform our approach to policy implementation. This would require a number of institutional and incentive changes for policy actors and the public.

Modernizar la gestión pública en Chile ha sido un eje central de los programas de gobierno de la Concertación y se ha materializado en diversos esfuerzos emprendidos en los últimos años. Esta tarea, en un contexto de gobernabilidad democrática, implica adecuar las estructuras del aparato público, en particular la de los servicios públicos, a las actuales exigencias de transformación y dinamismo del Estado. La nueva relación entre democracia, Estado, mercado y sociedad civil implica ajustar el pensamiento, las estrategias y los estilos de trabajo a los desafíos que impone el nuevo milenio.

En dicho marco, este estudio analiza –desde una perspectiva crítica y reflexiva– la experiencia chilena en materia de modernización de la gestión pública. Toma como base de análisis el período 1994-2000, e identifica y discute las líneas de acción implementadas; las lógicas subyacentes, y las lecciones y aprendizajes que permitan pensar nuevas formas de enfrentar el mejoramiento permanente de las instituciones públicas chilenas.

Si bien las líneas de acción tuvieron frutos relevantes, faltó mayor apoyo político y un involucramiento más estrecho de los servicios públicos con los ciudadanos-usuarios. También persisten dificultades que inhiben generar una nueva manera de concebir la gestión pública y sus relaciones sistémicas con el quehacer social, económico y político.

El estudio propone consolidar una nueva institucionalidad en torno a las políticas de gestión pública, mediante la creación de un órgano preocupado del rediseño de los servicios públicos, el mejoramiento continuo de las prácticas de gestión y la formación rigurosa de personal, con el propósito de fomentar el aprendizaje organizacional e incorporar progresivamente a la ciudadanía en las acciones que emprende el sector público en sus distintas esferas de competencia.

This paper intends to begin the discussion of a new territorial development perspective. According to Boisier, the concept of territorial development is understood as one related to the idea of container, rather than content. Therefore, it is understood that, even though every portion of the earth surface is territory, not all territories are important from a developmental perspective. The aforementioned author differentiates among: “natural territory”, composed by natural elements free from any human intervention; "equipped territory" or “intervened territory”, where man has already built transport systems, infrastructure and even extractive production activities; and "organized territory", characterized by a community with local identity, politically and administratively ruled. These territories become subjects of intervention that promote development. Thus, we propose a structured model centered on the creation of Municipal Development Forums, which will generate –with the participation of local actors- a Local Development Programme.

The proposal is formulated for territories over 5,000 and below 30,000 inhabitants. This criterion is based on the applicability of the proposed model to municipalities with territorial development potential, having a balanced an important internal consumption, but where progress is hindered by the proximity of one or more political jurisdictions of a larger productive scale that are regional administrative centers. It is necessary to consider the notion of development on a human scale as proposed by Max-Neef, who understands that development is focused and based on satisfying main human needs and intends self-reliance and coordination among people, nature and technology.

The development programme will consider a diagnosis of the productive profile of the territory and its relationship with the characteristics and origin of goods or services consumed within the municipality. From the diagnosis, the causes of the separation between the local productive system and the consumption needs of the inhabitants can be detected. A posteriori, the local productive systems will be readapted in order to satisfy the resident’s demands for goods and services and to generate new enterprises from available resources, encouraging local consumption.

This territorial development model aims to move towards goods and services self-sufficiency, to generate new jobs and to promote effective and efficient use of local resources. To reach these goals, it is vital to prevent inhabitants from satisfying their consumption needs in neighboring municipalities when they could be solved locally, strengthening their own productive system. In many cases, the “flight of consumption” may be due to the following causes: 1. Lack of goods or services within the territory; 2. Provision of internal goods and services of inadequate quality compared to those offered outside the municipality; 3. Disadvantages of credit facilities; 4. Less accessibility and variety of goods and services. Likewise, occasionally, inhabitants’ demands in a certain territory are not produced internally. The reasons that may originate this situation are: 1. Lack of knowledge of the characteristics of local demand; 2. Inadequate productive know-how; 3. Deficit of funding to strengthen the existing productive systems or to promote the creation of new enterprises. To achieve this, it will be encouraged the generation of new productive enterprises that satisfy the needs for local goods and services which have not found response within the territory for different reasons.

Besides, the institutional aspect will be considered, including a methodology for the design and start-up of Municipal Development Forums. The notification to the forums shall be as broad as possible. From Buarque’s point of view, local development results from the capacity of the social actors to mobilize in order to strengthen their potential, taking their culture into account, to define their priorities and to improve their competitiveness. Regarding the forums, it will also be necessary to establish: characteristics, composition, objectives, operation, budget, and internal and external coordination. In short, we propose to deal with territorial development from an innovative perspective, focusing on the creation of Municipal Development Forums that foster the improvement and growth of the productive system, the creation of jobs, local identity and the consumption of goods and services locally produced.

The past two decades have seen growing interest in knowledge management and the use of information technologies. However, it is not clear how the relation between IT competency and knowledge management works. This study provides a better understanding of that relation. Through an empirical study of 162 Spanish firms, the work finds that no direct relation exists between IT competency and knowledge management. Open organization and empowerment mediate the relation between IT competency and knowledge management processes. These findings reinforce a field that is of increasing interest to researchers, and which has seen only a limited number of empirical studies to date

Knowledge management is becoming an indispensable aspect of most of the modern business organizations. It is considered as a corporate cost savings process to augment performance capabilities with broader availability and utilization of major corporate knowledge assets. Knowledge management is the basis of all planning, all development and all progress of an organization. It is one of the significant ingredients, which makes the accessibility of acceptance with understanding of learning. With recession encompassing the globe, the organizations are passionately engaged in cost cutting practices to maintain profitability and competitiveness. When enterprises realize that developing and sharing knowledge is pivotal to sustain a cutting edge, the management can decide to place knowledge management high on their agenda-especially during economic turmoil. The Indian organizations have exceedingly done well during the economic turmoil. The present paper is an attempt to study knowledge management during recession in Indian scenario. Major challenges faced by the organizations are highlighted along with strategies to overcome such challenges are presented by the authors.

Social cohesion: key innovative environments citizens for local development evolved. In this work, we intend to show an evolutionary perspective of local development, where social cohesion is manifested as the key to building innovative natural environments in populations. In what follows, I develop some concepts and ideas that make up the National Project, Local Project and environments. Determine a minimum conceptual base, which will be defined from some pillars that form the logical framework that will structure all projects and actions for local development evolved. We will identify the school and the district as an institution and geography initial basic minimum that will allow better interaction natural web of actors in the territory.

RESUMEN: Este trabajo asume la pretensión de mostrar una perspectiva evolucionada del
desarrollo local, donde -la cohesión social- se manifiesta como la clave para la construcción natural de los entornos innovadores en las poblaciones. Desarrollaremos algunos conceptos e ideas que integran Proyecto Nacional, Proyecto Local y los entornos innovadores. Determinaremos una base conceptual mínima, que estará definida a partir de algunos pilares que conformarán el marco lógico que estructurará todos los proyectos y acciones para el desarrollo local evolucionado. Identificaremos a la escuela y al barrio, como institución inicial básica y geografía mínima, que permitirán la mejor interrelación natural del entramado de actores en el territorio. Este documento está basado en el trabajo: “Propuestas para la elaboración de un plan de desarrollo: conceptos base e ideas para localidades de la provincia de Buenos Aires”, producido por el autor en febrero de 2009, en el marco del Curso de Postgrado: “La gestión del desarrollo local y la cooperación en América Latina”, perteneciente a la Escuela Complutense Latinoamericana de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y Universidad Nacional de La Plata.

The new 'customer oriented' approach in local government significantly relies on the use of citizens surveys. Anyway, it is not clear how satisfaction ratings should be incorporated into the decision-making activity. This is mainly due to the fact that citizens' views on services are not statistically associated with service levels as indicated by objective measures. Moreover public administrators' decisions are characterised by a high degree of complexity since they have to combine 'service' and 'political' components. This paper aims at filling that theoretical and practical gap, by studying if and how surveys outputs actually influence decision maker's choices. A conceptual model is suggested and an explorative empirical research involving a sample of majors is described. Results show that the perceived reliability of the needs expressed through surveys has a second order effect on the final decision to intervene or not to improve the service quality. Results are then discussed and conclusions are drawn.

The purpose of this study was to identify the curriculum planning practices and challenges of
secondary school principals in Anambra State in an era of knowledge and learning
management. Two research questions guided the study. The descriptive survey design was
used. The entire population of 268 principals was studied hence, there was no sampling. A
Questionnaire titled “Principals’ Curriculum Planning Practices and Challenges Survey”
containing 21 items was validated, tested for reliability and used as the data collection
instrument. Mean scores were used in answering the research questions. The findings of the
study indicated that there is insufficient curriculum planning among the principals. The
perceived challenges faced by principals in school curriculum planning include: inadequate
allocation of resources and funds for school curricula and co-curricula activities, incompetence
and poor understanding of curriculum change visions inadequate training on curriculum
innovations, and poor ability to use statistical data to make inferences for curriculum
improvement. It was therefore recommended among other things that principals should pay
serious attention and improve on their planning practices especially with respect to organising,
controlling, planning, and coordinating practices of curriculum, in that order. The principals
should engage in reading professional journals, peer mentoring, and participating in
professional conferences and seminars to help them achieve excellence in school planning for
curriculum and learning management.

Problematyka rozwoju lokalnego była wielokrotnie podejmowana w literaturze przedmiotu. Liczne prace poświęcone mu koncentrują się na jego celach, czynnikach, stymulowaniu go i na jego pomiarze. Mimo to, jak dotąd niewiele uwagi poświęcono pojęciu polityki rozwoju lokalnego prowadzonej przez władze lokalne. Kategorii polityk rozwoju lokalnego prowadzonych przez władze ponadlokalne w ogóle nie formułowano i nie omawiano. Polityki takie są jednak prowadzone w Polsce i za granicą, a ich znaczenie rośnie. Istnieje zatem potrzeba ich definiowania i charakteryzowania dla budowy aparatu pojęciowego wykorzystywanego w dyskursie naukowym, w praktyce projektowania i aplikacji tych polityk oraz w dydaktyce.
Artykuł to próba odpowiedzi na to wyzwanie. Otwiera go prezentacja genezy i istoty lokalizmu oraz koncepcji rozwoju lokalnego. Następnie sformułowano pojęcia rozwoju lokalnego postrzeganego z perspektyw lokalnej i ponadlokalnej oraz omówiono paradygmat rozwoju lokalnego, jego znaczenie i pozycje˛ wobec innych paradygmatów rozwoju. Bazując na lokalnej i ponadlokalnej perspektywach rozwoju lokalnego, sformułowano kategorie lokalnej (gminnej) praz ponadlokalnych (regionalnej, państwowej i ponadpaństwowej) polityk rozwoju lokalnego i wskazano podmioty, które je prowadzą. Omówiono także cele i cechy tych polityk, sposoby ich prowadzenia oraz ich pozycje wobec innych polityk funkcjonalnych i horyzontalnych. W dalszej kolejności przedstawiono spójności wertykalną i horyzontalną ponadlokalnych polityk rozwoju lokalnego. W artykule wykorzystano metody badawcze krytycznej analizy literatury przedmiotu, indukcji, dedukcji i analogii.

[The local development issues were repeatedly discussed in the subject literature. Numerous works devoted to it focus on its objectives, factors and its measurement. Despite this, until now, a little attention has been paid to the category of local development policy pursued by local authorities. The categories of local development policies pursued by the supra-local authorities have not been formulated or discussed at all. Nevertheless, such policies are held in Poland and abroad, and their importance is growing. Thus, there is a need for their definement and characterizing for the construction of nomenclature used in academic discourse and in the practice of design and the application of these policies and in didactics as well. The purpose of this article is to answer this challenge. It opens with the presentation of the origin and the nature of localism and the idea of local development. Then the categories of the local development perceived from the local and supra-local perspectives have been formulated, as well as local development paradigm, its meaning and position in relation to other paradigms of development have been described. Based on local and supra-local perspectives of local development, the categories of local (municipal) and supra-local (regional, national and international) policies of local development have been formulated and the entities who pursue them have been pointed. Also the purpose and features of these policies, ways of their pursuing and their positions in relation to other functional and horizontal policies have been described. Next, the vertical and horizontal cohesion of supra-local policies of local development have been presented. The article uses the research methods of critical analysis of the subject literature, induction, deduction and analogy.]

Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań przeprowadzonych w połowie 2014 r., mających na celu identyfikację oczekiwań władz małych miast wobec polskiej państwowej polityki rozwoju lokalnego. Jako źródło informacji o tych oczekiwaniach wybrano grupę 46 burmistrzów małych miast, natomiast jako metodę badawczą zastosowano sondaż diagnostyczny oparty na długim wywiadzie osobistym. Zidentyfikowane oczekiwania dotyczyły reformy systemu stałego finansowania gmin, zmian systemów dystrybucji środków unijnych, wyposażenia samorządów lokalnych w nowe instrumenty oddziaływania na ponadlokalne relacje ich gmin, redukcji antywzorców prowadzenia polityki, usuwania sprzeczności i niejasności prawa, a także zmian zasad funkcjonowania organu stanowiącego i wykonawczego władz lokalnych. Oczekiwania te można i należy traktować jako współczesne wyzwania państwowej polityki rozwoju lokalnego, ponieważ dotyczą one jej gruntownych, wielowymiarowych zmian. Ponadto rozpatrywane łącznie tworzą dla tej polityki wyzwanie, które można określić jako jej współczesne wyzwanie generalne. Jest nim oczekiwanie władz lokalnych, że władze państwowe zwiększą ich podmiotowość w definiowaniu i kreowaniu rozwoju kraju, pogłębiając swoją aprobatę dla paradygmatu rozwoju lokalnego.

[The article presents the results of research carried out in mid-2014 to identify the expectations presented by the authorities of small cities in the light of Polish state local development policy. 46 mayors were selected as the source of information about these expectations and a diagnostic survey based on long personal interviews was chosen as the research method. The expectations concerned the reform of the municipalities’ permanent funding system, changes in the systems governing EU funds distribution, providing local authorities with new instruments for shaping their municipalities’ supra-local relationships, reducing anti-patterns in policy and politics, eliminating contradictions and ambiguities in law, and changes in the rules governing both decisive and executive bodies of local authorities. The expectations discussed should be approached as contemporary challenges for state policy on local development, since the mayors refer to thorough and multidimensional alterations to that policy. Furthermore, if analysed jointly, the expectations constitute a challenge for this policy, which can be referred to as its general contemporary challenge. Local authorities expect that the state government will increase its subjectivity in defining and creating local development by extending its approval for the local development paradigm.]

A casi cinco años de la creación de la Alianza para el Gobierno Abierto (AGA), la región de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) cuenta con 15 países adheridos que se encuentran implementando políticas de gobierno abierto. La AGA debe entenderse como una plataforma de trabajo colectivo para que ciudadanos comunes y representantes de organismos de la sociedad civil, la academia o el sector privado colaboren en el diseño y la implementación de políticas públicas con las autoridades políticas y los funcionarios públicos. A la vez, promueve el escrutinio público a través de una mayor integridad y rendición de cuentas de dichas autoridades. Este trabajo es la continuación del primer análisis del panorama regional en materia de políticas de gobierno abierto, que se materializó en la publicación Vientos de cambio, donde se examinaron los primeros 15 planes de acción de los países de ALC presentados ante la AGA. En este segundo ciclo, se hará un análisis específico de los segundos planes de acción para actualizar y concentrar en un único documento las estadísticas de la cantidad de compromisos y los temas que abarcan. Se hará foco en el proceso mismo de la AGA, con recomendaciones para dinamizarlo y mejorar la calidad de la información con la que se cuenta.