Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2020 - 2025
0.23
P-Index
This Author published in this journals
All Journal PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL COPING (Community of Publishing in Nursing) Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia Medula Jurnal Keperawatan Padjadjaran Journal Of Bionursing Medika Respati : Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan
Ratna Sitorus
Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
Religion Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health

Published : 13 Documents Claim Missing Document
Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Found 13 Documents
Search

 1   2 
Pengaruh Relaksasi Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Gula Darah Pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di Sebuah Rumah Sakit di Tasikmalaya Asep Kuswandi; Ratna Sitorus; Dewi Gayatri
Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia Vol 12 No 2 (2008): Juli
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.7454/jki.v12i2.208

Abstract

AbstrakTeknik relaksasi dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah pasien melalui penurunan stres. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbedaan kadar gula darah pasien diabetes mellitus sebelum dan sesudah relaksasi di salah satu rumah sakit di Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain kuasi eksperimen menggunakan kontrol. Sampel berjumlah 100 responden, terdiri dari masing-masing 50 responden pada kelompok intervensi kontrol. Perbedaan kadar gula darah sebelum dan sesudah latihan relaksasi dengan diuji dengan paired-sample T test. Hasil menunjukkan terjadi penurunan kadar gula darah Rerata sebesar 53,6 mg/dL sesudah relaksasi, dengan nilai p = 0,000. Angka penurunan tertinggi terjadi pada hari ketujuh relaksasi dan angka terendah terjadi pada hari ketiga. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan relaksasi dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah pasien diabetes mellitus. AbstractRelaxation is a basic nursing intervention of to decrease the blood glucose level of diabetes mellitus patients. The aim of this study was to compare blood glucose level before and after relaxation on the experiment and control group of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at a hospital in Tasikmalaya, West Java. This quasi experiment study with control group involved 100 participants, divided equally into the experiment and control group. Fifty participants were trained the relaxation technique whilst the control group didn’t. The difference of blood glucose level before and after relaxation was examined by the pairedsample T test. The blood level serum were significantly decreased about 53,6 mg/dL after relaxation with p value 0,000. The decreasing rate reached its highest on seventh day after relaxation whereas the lowest was on the third day after relaxation. In conclusion, relaxation can decrease the blood glucose level of the diabetic mellitus type 2 patients.
Penurunan Risiko Kambuh dan Lama Rawat Pada Klien Stroke Iskemik Melalui Rencana Pemulangan Terstruktur Uke Pemila; Ratna Sitorus; Sutanto Priyo Hastono
Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia Vol 13 No 3 (2010): November
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.7454/jki.v13i3.251

Abstract

AbstrakPenelitian tentang pengaruh rencana pemulangan terstruktur klien stroke iskemik dalam menurunkan faktor risiko kekambuhan, lama rawat, dan peningkatan status fungsional telah dilakukan di sebuah RS di Bukittinggi. Desain penelitian adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan sampel 43 orang (20 kelompok intervensi dan 23 kelompok kontrol). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan faktor risiko kekambuhan (p= 0,00; α= 0,05 ), lama rawat (p= 0,02; α= 0,05) antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok control setelah diberikan rencana pemulangan, namun belum dapat mengubah status fungsional klien (penilaian Barthel Index). Rencana pemulangan terstruktur pada klien stroke iskemik dapat menurunkan faktor risiko kekambuhan dan lama rawat. Hasil penelitian ini dapat diterapkan dalam penatalaksanaan stroke iskemik di rumah sakit maupun di rumah (home care). Penelitian lanjut perlu dilakukan untuk mengkaji pengaruh sistem dukungan klien dalam upaya mencegah kekambuhan, komplikasi, dan meminimalkan kecacatan pada klien stroke. AbstractA research to examine the effect of structured discharge planning for the ischemic stroke patients in decreasing the recurrence risk factors and length of stay, and improving functional status has been conducted in a hospital in Bukittinggi. This quasiexperimental research included 43 subjects (20 subjects as the intervention group and 23 subjects as the control group). The findings of the study demonstrated that there is difference in recurrence risk factors (p= 0.00, α= 0,05 ) and length of stay (p= 0,02; α =0,05) but no difference in functional status (measured by Barthel Index) between two groups. This finding showed that structured discharge planning has significant effect to reduce recurrence of risk factors and length of stay of the ischemic stroke patients. This study can be an evidence to be incorporated in the ischemic stroke nursing care in the hospital as well as home care. Further, it is recommended to examine the patien’s support system on reducing stroke recurrence, complication, and disability.
Pengalaman Ketidakpatuhan Pasien Terhadap Penatalaksanaan Diabetes Mellitus: Studi Fenomenologi Chandra Isabella; Ratna Sitorus; Yati Afiyanti
Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia Vol 12 No 2 (2008): Juli
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.7454/jki.v12i2.205

Abstract

AbstrakStudi fenomenologi ini menggali pengalaman ketidakpatuhan pasien terhadap penatalaksanaan Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Delapan partisipan dipilih dengan metode convenience sampling di salah satu RS di Jakarta. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, dianalisis dengan metode Collaizz. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi tujuh tema utama yaitu: makanan diit tidak menyenangkan, tidak memahami manfaat diit menyebabkan ketidakpatuhan, tidak memahami manfaat latihan fisik untuk penatalaksanaan DM, alasan usia sudah lanjut, keterbatasan fisik untuk melakukan latihan fisik, pemahaman keliru tentang manfaat obat, gagal mematuhi minum obat karena alasan ekonomi. Alasan utama ketidakpatuhan adalah tidak memahami manfaat penatalaksanaan DM, sehingga perlu pendidikan kesehatan berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien. Peneliti menyarankan penelitian fenomenologi lanjutan untuk menggali kepatuhan masing-masing pilar tatalaksana DM secara khusus. AbstractThis phenomenological study attempted to explore the experiences of patient’s non-adherence to the Diabetes Mellitus (DM) treatment. Eight participants were selected by convenience method from a hospital in Jakarta. Data were collected and then analyzed with the Collaizz’s method. The results identified seven major themes which consisted of less pleasure of diet, less understanding about the benefits of diet, less understanding about the benefits of physical exercise, old age, physical disability, incorrect understanding about the benefits of medicine, fail to adhere taking medicine because of economic’s reason. This study concluded the most common reason of non-adherence was lack of understanding about the benefit of the treatment adherence. Therefore, it is the necessary to give adequate health education continuously to promote patient’s adherence. Further research may explore patient’s adherence specific to each four DM treatment’s pillars.
DAMPAK IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PRAKTIK KEPERAWATAN PROFESIONAL TERHADAP MUTU ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN DI RUMAH SAKIT Ratna Sitorus
Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia Vol 7 No 2 (2003): September
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.7454/jki.v7i2.132

Abstract

AbstrakPeningkatkan mutu asuhan keperawatan di rumah sakit memerlukan restructuring, reengineering, dan redesigning sistem pemberian asuhan keperawatan melalui implementasi Model Praktik Keperawatan Profesional (MPKP). Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk menilai dampak implementasi MPKP terhadap mutu asuhan keperawatan di rumah sakit. Disain penelitian adalah kuasi eksperimen dalam bentuk pre and post test with control group. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji Chi-square dan uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kelompok intervensi (MPKP) terdapat peningkatan kepuasan klien dan keluarga (OR=114,24) yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan peningkatan kepuasan klien dan keluarga pada kelompok kontrol (OR=3,78). Demikian juga terdapat peningkatan kepatuhan perawat terhadap standar yang lebih tinggi pada kelompok intervensi (OR=235,5) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (OR=0). Lama hari rawat lebih pendek pada kelompok intervensi. Angka infeksi nosokomial juga lebih rendah pada kelompok intervensi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa implementasi MPKP dapat meningkatkan mutu asuhan keperawatan di rumah sakit. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, untuk memicu implementasi MPKP di berbagai rumah sakit, disarankan agar implementasi MPKP menjadi salah satu kriteria penilaian pada akreditasi rumah sakit khususnya pelayanan keperawatan AbstractIn order to improve the quality of nursing care in the hospital, nursing care delivery system need restructuring, reengineering, and redesigning through the implementation of Professional Nursing Practice Model (PNPM). The study was aimed to evaluate the impact of the PNPM on the quality of nursing care in the hospital. The design used was quasi experiment in pre and post test with control group. The statistic used are Chi-square and t-test. The result showed that in the intervention group, the improvement of client/family satisfaction with nursing care (OR = 114,28) was higher than the improvement in the control group (OR = 3,78). It was founded there was an improvement of the compliance of nurses to the standard was higher in the intervention group (OR = 235,5) compare to control group (OR = 0). The length of stay shorter in the intervention group, and also the nosocomial infection rate is lower in the intervention group compare to control group. The study concluded that the implementation of the PNPM could improve the quality of nursing care in the hospital. Based on this result, in order to challenge the implementation of PNPM in the hospital it was suggested that the implementation of PNPM becomes an evaluation criteria for hospital accreditation specifically for nursing service.
Pengaruh Breathing Retraining Terhadap Peningkatan Fungsi Ventilasi Paru Pada Asuhan Keperawatan Pasien PPOK Faridah Aini; Ratna Sitorus; Budiharto Budiharto
Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia Vol 12 No 1 (2008): Maret
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.7454/jki.v12i1.196

Abstract

AbstrakPenelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan rancangan control group pretest-posttest ini bertujuan menjelaskan pengaruh breathing retraining terhadap peningkatan fungsi ventilasi paru pada pasien Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK) di sebuah rumah sakit di Jakarta. Sampel berjumlah 34 pasien yang diambil secara simple random sampling (masing-masing 17 pasien untuk kelompok intervensi dan kontrol). Rerata nilai fungsi ventilasi paru pasien PPOK berbeda bermakna antara sebelum dan sesudah intervensi breathing retraining selama enam hari (p value = 0.000). Rerata nilai fungsi ventilasi paru pasien PPOK setelah intervensi antara kelompok intervensi dengan kelompok kontrol berbeda secara signifikan (p value = 0.012). Peningkatan nilai fungsi ventilasi paru berhubungan dengan usia (p value = 0.001), tetapi tidak ditemukan berhubungan dengan tinggi badan (p value = 0.091) dan jenis kelamin (p value = 0.346). Breathing retraining dapat diterapkan pada pasien PPOK untuk meningkatkan fungsi ventilasi paru. AbstractThe aim of the research was to explain about the influence of breathing retraining to the increasing of lung ventilation function for nursing care of theCOPD patients at a Hospital in Jakarta. The reseach design was quasi experiment with control group pretest-postest design. Total 34 patients (17 subjects for each group, intervention and control group) were included by a simple random sampling method. A breathing retraining was given to the intervention group for 6 days. The finding showed that the average of the COPD patient’s lung ventilation was significantly different before and after breathing retraining (p value = 0.000). The average score of the COPD patient’s lung ventilation after breathing retraining between intervention group and control group was also significantly different (p value = 0.012). There was significant relationship between age and increased lung ventilation function (p value = 0.001). However, no relationship found between body height and increased lung fuction (p value = 0.091) and between gender and lung ventilation function (p value = 0.346). The research suggested to implement the breathing retraining to increase the lung ventilation function of the CPOD patients.
Pengalaman Pasien Pertama Kali Terdiagnosis HIV/AIDS: Studi Fenomenologi Dalam Perspektif Keperawatan Welly Vitriawan; Ratna Sitorus; Yati Afiyanti
Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia Vol 11 No 1 (2007): Maret
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.7454/jki.v11i1.179

Abstract

AbstrakSuatu studi fenomenologi telah dilakukan untuk mengeksplorasi berbagai pengalaman pasien pertama kali terdiagnosis HIV/AIDS termasuk pengalaman menerima pelayanan kesehatan dari para praktisi kesehatan. Data studi ini diperoleh dari 6 partisipan, dikumpulkan melalui wawancara formal tidak berstruktur yang mendalam sebanyak dua kali di ruang rawat khusus HIV/AIDS RS X di Jakarta. Wawancara direkam kemudian dibuat dalam bentuk transkrip wawancara. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan variasi berbagai pengalaman pasien pertama kali terdiagnosis HIV/AIDS. Setiap pasien dalam studi ini saat pertama kali terdiagnosis HIV/AIDS mengalami stress. Pasien juga mengalami proses berduka. Berbagai mekanisme koping dan adaptasi telah dilakukan pasien. Selain itu setiap pasien pertama kali terdiagnosis HIV/AIDS membutuhkan dukungan dari lingkungan sekitarnya terutama dari keluarga, pasangan, teman terdekat, dan petugas kesehatan. Pasien juga membutuhkan pelayanan keperawatan termasuk membutuhan perawat yang bersikap baik dan komunikatif. Hasil studi ini diharapkan perawat medikal bedah akan lebih memahami harapan pasien HIV/AIDS untuk dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup. AbstractThis a phenomenology study which aims to understand the diverse of patients’ first time experiences when they were diagnosed with HIV/AIDS included experience accepted of health care. The data collection from six participants with deep interviewed in the X Hospital in Jakarta. Interview recorded thus transcripted. The findings showed that the patients’ first time experiences when diagnosed with HIV/AIDS were depicted emotionally and filled with thematic expressions. It was concluded from this study that the physical, psychological and social stress were considered as the first time experiences of patients when diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. Whilst the first grieving process experienced by the patients. The coping mechanisms identified as the first time experiences were the openness to others, self motivated, and struggled to adapt to the any circumstances. The research findings suggested that the first time experiences of every patient when diagnosed with HIV/AIDS required supports primarily from relatives, spouse, significant friends and health care providers. The needs to the nursing care and good behaviors and communication of nurses were also included as the first needs and expectations of the patients to the nurses. Furthermore, the study also made suggestions that supports, recognition and improvement of the nursing service provided for the first time experience of patients being diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, in turn, would lead to the better patients’ live and reassure the quality of nursing care
Pengaruh Latihan Progressive Muscle Relaxation Terhadap Status Fungsional Dalam Konteks Asuhan Keperawatan Pasien Kanker dengan Kemoterapi di RS Dr.Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar Haryati Haryati; Ratna Sitorus
MEDULA JURNAL ILMIAH FAKULLTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS HALU OLEO Vol 2, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Halu Oleo University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (366.429 KB) | DOI: 10.46496/medula.v2i2.2547

Abstract

Chemotherapy is one of the cancer treatment that could provide many side effects and decrease the functional status and quality of life cancer patients. Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) training is one of the nursing intervention that leads to decreased physical and phsycological effect from chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of progressive muscle relaxation training on functional status in the context of the  nursing  care  for  cancer  patients  with  chemotherapy.  This  study  was  a  quasi  experimental  using  a nonequivalent control group with pretest and posttest design. The sample was cancer patients who received chemotherapy and inpatient in RS Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar. A concecutive sampling was used as the sample collection method and 48 subjects were obtained this study, divided into two groups, each group consisted of twenty four subjects as intervention group who were given PMR training twice a day for seven days, and twenty four subjects as control group who were not given PMR training. The instrument that used in this study were demography form and Functional Living Index-Cancer to measure functional status which consisted 22 questions with 7-point Likert-Type linear analog scale. A T test was used to examine the differences of the mean of functional status scores and each dimension. The finding showed that there was a significant increased of the mean of functional status after PMR training in intervention group (p=0,000). It means that PMR training has an effect in increasing level of functional status in cancer patients with chemotherapy. It is recommended to apply PMR training as a nursing intervention to cancer patients with chemotherapy and suggested to conduct futher research using more samples.Key Word: cancer, chemotherapy, functional status, progressive muscle relaxation
Pemeriksaan Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) Post Exercise Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus dengan Peripheral Arterial Disease Desak Made Widyanthari; Ratna Sitorus; Yulia -
Coping: Community of Publishing in Nursing Vol 4 No 1 (2016): APRIL 2016
Publisher : Program Studi Sarjana Ilmu Keperawatan dan Profesi Ners, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (163.716 KB)

Abstract

The examination of Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) is one method to detect the presence of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) in Diabetic patients. Inaccuracy the diagnosis of PAD results in the inadequate treatment of PAD and this can lead to serious problems such as  amputations, impaired functional capacity, low quality of life and depression. This study aims to determine differences ABI examination Pre and Post Exercise in diabetic patients with intermittent claudication. This study design was  one group pre-post test with  17 samples. The test were analyzed using dependent t test and showed  a significant differences ABI value pre and post exercise on the right foot with  p value of 0.004 and the left foot with  p value of  0.000. This study showed  the measurement of ABI post exercise more objective for the diagnosis of PAD in diabetic  patients with intermittent claudication or suspected PAD.
Pengaruh Augmentative and Alternative Communication terhadap Komunikasi dan Depresi Pasien Afasia Motorik Amila A; Ratna Sitorus; Tuti Herawati
Jurnal Keperawatan Padjadjaran Vol. 1 No. 3 (2013): Jurnal Keperawatan Padjadjaran
Publisher : Faculty of Nursing Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (741.766 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/jkp.v1i3.61

Abstract

Salah satu dampak terjadinya strok adalah afasia. Selama ini penanganan pasien strok yang mengalami afasia hanya pada aspek fisiknya. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi pengaruh komunikasi dengan metode Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) terhadap kemampuan fungsional komunikasi dan depresi pasien strok dengan afasia motorik. Desain penelitian adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan pendekatan post test non equivalent control group pada 21 responden yang terbagi menjadi 11 orang kelompok kontrol dan 10 orang kelompok intervensi yang didapatkan melalui concecutive sampling. Instrumen penelitian untuk menilai kemampuan fungsional komunikasi dan depresi adalah kuesioner dan lembar observasi yang baku yaitu Derby Functional Communication Scaledan Aphasic Depression Rating Scale. AAC merupakan alternatif komunikasi pada pasien dengan keterbatasan komunikasi verbal. Media yang digunakan dalam komunikasi ini adalah buku komunikasi yang berisi kegiatan sehari-hari, koran/ majalah, foto keluarga, kartu bergambar, alat tulis dan lagu/ musik. Metode AAC berorientasi pada tugas menunjuk gambar, penamaan, mengulang, menulis, membaca dan mengeja huruf. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna rata-rata kemampuan fungsional komunikasi antara kelompok kontrol dengan intervensi dengan nilai p=0.542, tetapi terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna rata-rata depresi antara kelompok kontrol dan intervensi dengan nilai p=0.022. Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan kepada perawat untuk menerapkan metode AAC dalam memfasilitasi komunikasi, sehingga dapat menurunkan depresi pasien strok dengan afasia motorik. Kata kunci: Augmentative and alternative communication, afasia broca, afasia motorik, depresi, strok AbstractAphasia is one of the stroke impacts. Currently, the focus of the aphasia intervention in the hospital is physical aspects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) to patients’ communication ability and depression rates in Aphasia Motoric cases. The research design was quasi experiment with the post-test non-equivalent control group approach. The samples were 21 respondents who divided into two groups: 11 respondents in the control group and 10 respondents in the intervention group. Samples were chosen using the consecutive sampling method. This study used the Derby Functional Communication Scale and the Aphasic Depression Rating Scale to evaluate the communication ability and the depression rate of patients. AAC is an alternative way to communicate with patients who have disability verbal. This process used some media such as, a communication book, magazines, newspapers, family photos, cards, stationaries, and music. The AAC method has several activities such as pointing to particular pictures, naming, reviewing, writing, and reading. The study found that there were no significant differences of the communication ability between two groups of samples (p=0.542). In addition, there were significant rates of the depression between two groups of samples (p=0.022). This study suggests that nurses should apply the AAC method in the communication process especially to patients with stoke to facilitate the communication process and to reduce the patient’s depression. Key words: Augmentative and alternative communication, aphasia broca, aphasia motoric, depression, stroke
EFEKTIFITAS KONSELING ANALISIS TRANSAKSIONAL TENTANG DIET CAIRAN TERHADAP PENURUNAN INTERDIALYTIC WEIGHT GAIN (IDWG) PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIS YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISA DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH KARDINAH Sri Hidayati; Ratna Sitorus; Masfuri -
PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL & INTERNASIONAL 2014: PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL HASIL - HASIL PENELITIAN & PENGABDIAN
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (87.327 KB)

Abstract

Transactional Analysis Counseling is a form of counseling that can be applied to overcome theincreases of Interdialytic Weight Gain in patients with chronic renal failure. The goal of thisresearch was to determine the effectiveness of transactional analysis counseling on a liquid diettowards the reduction of Interdialytic Weight Gain in patients with chronic renal Failure whowere undergoing hemodialysis. This study used a quasi experiment design approach to pretestposttest control group design. The respondents of this study were 24 patients. Univariate andbivariate analyzes were using the statistical of test t-test and ANNOVA. The conclusion of thisresearch showed that the transactional analysis counseling effects the reduction of Interdialytic Weight Gain with p = 0.0003. Therefore, nurses are advised to apply transactional analysiscounseling to anticipate the enhancement of Interdialytic Weight Gain.Keywords : Nurse, Transactional Analysis, Chronic renal failure, hemodialysis, InterdialyticWeight Gain
Co-Authors Amila Amila, Amila Asep Kuswandi Budiharto Budiharto Chandra Isabella Dame Elysabeth Tuty Arna Uly Tarihoran Desak Made Widyanthari Dewi Gayatri Faridah Aini Haryati Haryati Hasby Pri Choiruna I Made Kariasa Lestari Sukmarini Luknis Sabri Masfuri - Santi Damayanti Sri Hidayati Sutanto Priyo Hastono Tuti Herawati Uke Pemila Welly Vitriawan Yati Afiyanti Yulia -