Prehistoric Archaeology

In 2024, an iron dagger of the akinakes type was accidentally discovered on Istriţa Hill, near the village of Bădeni, Buzău County. The dagger has a total length of 30 cm, with a triangular-shaped blade, strongly pointed towards the tip, and an edge on both sides. The handle has a median groove on both sides and a tang at the end, with pointed terminations. Between the handle and the blade is a heart-shaped guard. Typologically, the piece belongs into the Suseni-Măcișeni type, according to Al. Vulpe’s typology, and into the Shumeyko type, according to D. Topal’s typology. Chronologically, the dagger from Bădeni is dated to the 6th century BC. Similar pieces have been discovered in Moldova at Ghindăoani and Dumești, as well as in Transylvania at Bratei. The closest analogy is found at Curcubeu, Prahova County, where a dagger with a handle similar to the one from Bădeni was recently discovered, though its blade was different. In the Buzău area, 20 sites from the 6th - 5th centuries BC have been identified through systematic research, surveys, or surface explorations, which demonstrates that the discovery of the dagger from Bădeni is not isolated, but part of a broader context of late Hallstatt discoveries.

The Casas Grandes region in northwest Chihuahua, Mexico, is ideally situated to explore the notion of contact between the US  Southwest/Northwest Mexico and Mesoamerica, as it lies geographically in a region where cultural traditions were combined in unique aways. In order to explain these dynamics, past researchers have suggested that the primary catalyst for the flourishing Casas Grandes population in the thirteenth century A.D. was caused by migrants from Mesoamerica or from larger populations to the north. We analyzed mitochondrial genetic data from individuals interred at sites that date to earlier (A.D. 700–1200) and later (A.D. 1200–1450) time periods, which allowed us to examine changes in gene pools over time and to test these migration hypotheses.
Comparing the full mitogenomes from 114 individuals, we show that low levels of migration occurred diachronically, although they still may have contributed to hybridized cultural practices. These data counter the long-standing assumption that widescale population replacement was the cause for the rise of Paquimé, the center of the Casas Grandes world in the thirteenth-century A.D.

This study explores Bronze Age fish preservation at Heiloo (Netherlands), where archaeological evidence of large codfish and multiple smoking pits reveals sophisticated techniques for extending food resources. The use of juniper for smoking, likely seasonal, points to a specialized coastal economy with potential trade connections. These findings challenge the notion of preservation as purely subsistence-driven, instead suggesting economic and social organization around maritime resources.
Methodologically, the research highlights the importance of fine-mesh sieving and interdisciplinary analysis to identify micro-remains and processing structures. Heiloo’s well-preserved drift-sand landscape provides a rare opportunity to study prehistoric coastal life, though modern development threatens its integrity. The study calls for systematic excavation and protection to further uncover the role of preservation technologies in early trade networks and daily life.

During the course of the excavations in the backdirt of Vogelherd in 2008, the crew recovered a tusk of a boar preserving clear signs of anthropogenic modification. In addition to the polishing that regularly occurs on tusks during the life of the animal, this specimen, showed signs of cutting, scraping and polish subsequent to the animal's death. This artifact superficially resembles a Magdalenian female figurine with a triangular buttock and a stick-like torso, which led to the hypothesis that the find may be of Paleolithic origin and may be an artwork. Alternatively, the find was hypothesized to be an artifact of unknown function from the Holocene, based on the rarity of faunal remains of boar from the Paleolithic of the Swabian Jura. While the excavator always stressed the uncertainty related to the interpretation of the find, some colleagues accepted the hypothesis that the find represented a Magdalenian female figurine. Thirteen years after its recovery, we have reexamined this artifact and conducted comparative studies that support the hypothesis that the find is of Holocene age. Based on similar finds, we conclude that, although the function of this class of artifact is not yet certain, this artifact is a Neolithic or Mesolithic tool with clear parallels in Germany, France and Switzerland. This class of artifact is rare in Central Europe, but our survey of Neolithic and Mesolithic publications allows us to reject the hypothesis, that this find represents a Magdalenian female figurine. This artifact, however, enriches the record of Holocene organic technology in southwestern Germany.

In Spagna l'allevamento estensivo del suino è molto sviluppato, soprattutto nelle regioni più occidentali, dove gli animali sfruttano le risorse (ghiande) di un vasto territorio boschivo detto Dehesa. La filiera produttiva del suino iberico è regolata da un disciplinare di produzione rivisto, riguardo le razze allevate, con l’introduzione della razza Duroc per ottenere meticci F1. Il presente studio che ha avuto come obiettivo quello di verificare alcuni aspetti relativi ai sistemi di allevamento del suino iberico, in particolare, l’effetto dell’incrocio tra verro Duroc con scrofa di Iberico, sulle performance produttive delle principali tipologie di allevamento (cebo, cebo de campo e bellota). La sperimentazione si è svolta nell'azienda suinicola “Dehesa Ravida”, rappresentativa riguardo il sistema di allevamento adottato e le razze suine allevate. La sperimentazione ha riguardato una valutazione comparativa dei principali parametri produttivi e riproduttivi, ottenuti con s...

The extensive excavations and long occupation sequence at Ayia Irini on Kea have made the site integral to our understanding of the Bronze Age Cyclades. During the 1960s and 1970s, Ayia Irini was excavated under the direction of Jack Caskey and the auspices of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. Since the late 1970s, volumes reporting on various sectors of the site and categories of finds have been published regularly. This book represents the latest addition to the Keos series and presents the results of excavations in Area B, which were supervised by Aliki Bikaki. Most of the excavation work was conducted in 1961, with additional test pits opened in 1975 and 1976. The material from these excavations was entrusted to Abell in 2008 for her doctoral dissertation at the University of Cincinnati and subsequent publication. Area B is located along the southeastern edge of the excavated town and consists of two units: House B and Alley AB, which separates Houses A and B. House B is only partly preserved due to post-Bronze Age coastal erosion. Consequently, we lack a clear understanding of House B's full extent and function. Several phases of construction are evident in the area. Period III (Early Cycladic II) walls were detected at the lowest excavated level, and above them a Period IV (early Middle Cycladic) street and fortification wall were encountered. House B was built atop these levels, with its initial phase dating to Period VI (Late Cycladic I); three subsequent phases in Period VII (Late Cycladic II) are defined by destructions, rebuilding, and the reorganization of interior spaces. The area was abandoned following the destruction at the end of Period VII, with no clear activity again until the Archaic period. Chapter I presents a brief history of the site and the excavation of Area B, with discussion of the terminology employed, site formation processes, and selection of artifacts for study and publication. Abell pays special attention to the excavator's ceramic sorting and discard practices, as accurate (or at least representative) sherd counts are crucial to achieving her goals: namely, to discern changing patterns of interaction over time and to identify changes in local drinking and eating practices

The earliest dog remains in the Central Asian steppe are known from Neolithic and Bronze Age. Archaeologists record them in different contexts: 1. Within sacrificial complexes in settlements. Whole skeletons and individual bones of dogs may had been placed in individual pits or on the ancient surface:-in front of the entrance to a settlement-inside or at the entrance of a dwelling-within the metal production sites Perhaps this ritual practice was meant to symbolize dogs as protectors of residential and metallurgic spaces. 2. Within kitchen remains. In some cases, the surface of the bones shows evidence of high temperature due to their thermal treatment before using dog meat as food. 3. Within sacrificial complexes in burial grounds. This pattern is common Steppe pastoralist Sintashta-Andronovo cultures in the late 3rd millennium BC. During this time, the steppe zone of this area is characterized by intensive development of livestock breeding and transition to a meat and dairy diet. Livestock became the basis of human subsistence. In this connection, the social significance of the dog was not limited by hunting wild animals and protecting the living space. The dog was engaged by humans into livestock grazing. This kind of activity raised the status of dogs. Accompanying humans to the afterlife, the dog took a dominant place in sacrificial complexes relative to other animals (cattle, sheep and goat, horse). Burials with dogs were often supplemented with prestige metal (axes, clubs, adzes, spearheads), stone (pestles for ore processing) and bone (harpoons) objects. That shows the high social status of deceased persons, who were accompanied by dogs.

Работа посвящена результатам комплексных археологических исследований многослойного памятника Аккаин-2 расположенного на северо-востоке Сарыарки в горном массиве Калмаккырган, в 2022-2023 гг. В результате работ Международной археологической экспедиции Объединенного археологического научно-исследовательского центра им. А.Х. Маргулана Торайгыров университета и Алтайского государственного университета были проведены стационарные исследования поминальной ограды в урочище Таскора, а также на трех стоянках в урочище Аккаин. На многослойном поселении Аккаин-2 произведены небольшие разведочные раскопки, которые дали разновременный материал, от энеолита до Нового времени, представленный фрагментами костей животных, керамикой, изделиями из камня, цветного металла и железа. Ключевые слова: Северо-Восточная Сарыарка, горы Калмаккырган, Аккаин-2, многослойная стоянка Благодарности: работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ (госзадание «Тюркское наследие Большого Алтая: история и современность»).

This research investigates stone tools used in metalworking, like hammers and anvils, previously undocumented in France. Over 100 tools were identified, mainly along the Atlantic coast. A new typology compares them to metal tools, offering insights into their function and role in early metal production.

READ MORE

The objective of this research was to understand the stone tools associated with the plastic deformation of metals, commonly referred to as hammers and anvils. For these tools, still largely unknown, there was no inventory in France in 2008, and only four tools recognized as such appeared in the French bibliography. Starting from the few known examples, significant investigative work within the collections of public or private museums, mainly along the Atlantic coast, initially led to the identification of more than a hundred tools, most of which were unpublished. This work continued in the museums of the East and South of France, but the tools seem rarer there and difficult to locate within sometimes ancient collections. The research focused on three aspects: understanding the function of these tools, to place them within the chaînes opératoires of metal and to understand their links with metal tools. In this context, a functional typology of these lithic tools has been developed based on the typology of their metal counterparts to allow for a better comparison of the performances of both series of tools dedicated to metalworking. The publication of this work will present as complete an inventory as possible of the stone tools from the Atlantic façade of Europe.

En français

L’objectif de ce travail de recherche était d’appréhender l’outillage en pierre lié à la déformation plastique des métaux, ce que l’on appelle communément les marteaux et les enclumes.Pour ces outils, encore largement méconnus, il n’existait aucun inventaire en France en 2008, et seulement quatre outils reconnus comme tel apparaissaient dans la bibliographie française. Partant des quelques exemplaires connus, un important travail d’investigation au sein des collections de musées publics ou privées principalement de la façade atlantique, dans un premier temps, a conduit à l’identification de plus d’une centaine d’outils pour la plupart inédits. Ce travail s’est ensuite poursuivi dans quelques musées de l’Est et du Sud de la France, mais les outils y semblent plus rares et difficile à localiser au sein de collections parfois anciennes. Les objectifs de cette recherche se sont concentrés sur trois aspects : appréhender la fonction de ces outils, les replacer au sein des chaînes opératoires du métal et appréhender leurs liens avec l’outillage métallique. Dans cette optique, une typologie fonctionnelle de ces outils lithiques a été réalisée en s’appuyant sur la typologie de leurs homologues métalliques afin de permettre une meilleure comparaison des performances de l’une et l’autre série d’outils dédiées au travail des métaux. La publication de ce travail présentera un inventaire le plus complet possible des outils en pierre de la façade atlantique de l’Europe.

Resumen:Este trabajo avanza en la caracterización de vasijas cerámicas utilizadas por cazadores-recolectores durante el final del Holoceno (ca. 1200 años AP) provenientes del sitio Tigre (Depto. Artigas, Uruguay) ubicado sobre la margen izquierda del río Uruguay medio. Se combinan tres fuentes de información complementarias: reconstrucción 3D, cálculos de volúmenes y análisis de adherencias para avanzar en una temática escasamente desarrollada en la región. A partir de bordes de tiestos se logran reconstruir formas enteras de vasijas cerámicas, lo que permite a su vez inferir la capacidad y el volumen de los recipientes-contenedores. Los modelos 3D generados sirven para confirmar o refutar reconstrucciones realizadas durante las décadas pasadas, a su vez se muestran como una estrategia viable que aporta a la caracterización y discusión de la cultura material utilizada por los cazadores-recolectores durante el final del Holoceno en el río Uruguay medio.:This article focuses on the ch...

THE MIDDLE HELLADIC SETTLEMENT OF AGIA PARASKEVI AT LAMIA:
NEW EXCAVATION RESULTS
Maria-Foteini Papakonstantinou, Tobias Krapf
    The extension of the excavation of the MH settlement of Agia Paraskevi (near Lamia) in 2015, to the west of Building 4, has revealed one more house (Building 7), of the 1st half of the MH period. It has the same N.-S.
orientation as the adjacent apsidal Building 4, and consists of two rooms, similarly to the other houses of the settlement. While most edifices at Agia Paraskevi have two architectural phases, using their original foundations,
in the case of Building 7, the plan has been altered from rectangular (Building 7.1) to apsidal (Building 7.2). According to the ceramic assemblage, the earlier phase can be dated to Pefkakia 4 / MH I, and the destruction of the second phase to Mitrou 5 / Pefkakia 6 early / MH II.
    The richest room, in terms of archaeological evidence, is the apsidal room A2, where was uncovered a built hearth, and a destruction layer of mudbricks. At least 25 cooking, serving, storage, and transport vessels
were found in situ on the floor. It is the fourth building of the MH settlement of Agia Paraskevi, which produces a significant set of vases. These closed assemblages shed light on the type of contents in MH households and the synchronization of different pottery traditions. Among the vases discovered in Building 7, there are some new shapes, so far unknown in the Spercheios valley, as well as the typical wares of the period, including grey minyan and matt-painted. The shapes of the local matt-painted ware are nowhere as well preserved as at Agia Paraskevi. Additionally, imported products yield new information as regards the involvement of the households of the settlement in the commercial networks connecting the Maliakos / Euboean gulfs, with the Aegean.

Rings made on marine shell are a conspicuous artefact form found throughout cultural sequences for much of the Pacific over millennia. Despite their importance in both recent and ancient times, in-depth consideration of the manufacturing processes involved in shell ring production are limited. In this paper, we present for the first time, a detailed chaîne opératoire for Lapita period rings made from the nacreous shell, Rochia nilotica. Our examination of two large archaeological assemblages from Lapita period sites in Vanuatu and accompanying experimental replication of Rochia shell ring production provides key insights into what was an important social technology for Lapita and other communities across the Pacific. In broader context, previous research has highlighted the importance of understanding the selection, manufacture, and use of shell artefacts for elucidating a range of technological, economic, and social practices in both Oceania and beyond, and as such, this study works toward building a more robust appreciation of shell ornamentation globally. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Previous research on the large Early Bronze Age site of Shahdad (Kerman, Iran, on the Western edge of the Lut Desert), with its sophisticated artifacts in rich burials, fully justified its definition as an advanced early urban center. In Late Chalcolithic times, the site grew near the
endoreic fan of the Derakhtangan River, moving from the edge of the Lut Westwards, to a much more substantial late 4th millennium BCE settlement in which polychrome Aliabad ware was fully in use. Further West, a large area of the site is still studded with large amounts or red-colored, unpainted coarse pottery generically dated to the second
half of the 3rd millennium BCE. Here, large areas are notoriously covered with manufacturing waste such as copper smelting and carnelian bead making refuse. The precise chronological range in which this pottery was used and dumpedacros s the site is still unclear, because systematic studies of its typological variations, so far, were not carried out. The article propose a new interpretation of the surface evidence based upon a systematic archaeological survey.

Résumé Lors des fouilles archéologiques des Jardins du Carrousel 1, la mise au jour d'un lot de plus de 15,000 restes de poisson provenant d'un dépotoir de la fin du 16' siècle, nous a amené a analyser les conditions d'acheminement du poisson vers Paris. A cette époque, l'apparition de la "grande" pêche modifie les structures sur lesquelles reposent les pêches médiévales. Paris est, de plus, troublé par les événements de la Ligue. Une recherche bibliographique sur la pêche au 16' siècle a permis de rassembler des informations sur les circuits d'approvisionnement de Paris en poisson de mer et en poisson d'eau douce. Les données ostéologiques issues des Jardins du Carrousel reflètent, quant à elles, la consommation de poisson des habitants d'un quartier parisien et permettent d'apprécier l'importance relative des différentes espèces alors disponibles sur le marché.

Bu çalışma, Afyonkarahisar’ın doğu kesiminde 2022–2024 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilen sistematik yüzey araştırmaları kapsamında tespit edilen Paleolitik buluntulara dair ilk sonuçları kapsamaktadır. Araştırmalar, bölgenin jeomorfolojik geçit alanları ve zengin çakmaktaşı kaynakları ile Paleolitik avcı-toplayıcı grupları için elverişli bir yerleşim ve geçiş sahası olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Üç sezon süren çalışmalarda Çay, Çobanlar, Sultandağı, Bolvadin, Emirdağ, Bayat ve İscehisar ilçelerinde toplam 30 buluntu alanı belirlenmiş ve bu alanlarda Alt, Orta ve sınırlı ölçüde Üst Paleolitik’e atfedilebilecek yontmataş materyal tespit edilmiştir. Bulguların büyük bölümü çakmaktaşı hammaddeyle ilişkili alanlarda yoğunlaşmaktadır. Buluntu alanları ağırlıklı olarak “Mode I–III” teknolojik evreleri temsil eden öğeleri içermektedir; bazı alanlarda ise “Mode IV” özellikleri de gözlemlenmektedir. Elde edilen materyal, yontuk çakıllar, iki yüzeyli aletler ve Levallois çekirdekler şeklinde farklı teknolojik aşamaları yansıtarak bölgedeki kültürel sürekliliğe işaret etmektedir. Her ne kadar stratigrafik bağlamda veri elde edilememiş olsa da yüzey bulguları Afyonkarahisar coğrafyasının Pleistosen Dönem boyunca insan hareketliliği açısından işlevsel bir alan olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, komşu illerdeki (Denizli, Uşak, Kütahya, Burdur ve Eskişehir) benzer bulgularla birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, bu araştırma Anadolu’nun iç bölgelerine dair önemli bir boşluğu doldurmakta ve bölgesel-kültürel etkileşimlerin anlaşılmasına katkı sunmaktadır.

Special Issue: Paleolithic and Mesolithic in Greece and the Eastern Mediterranean.
Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies (JEMAHS) is a peer-reviewed journal devoted to traditional, anthropological, social, and applied archaeologies of the Eastern Mediterranean, encompassing both prehistoric and historic periods. The journal’s geographic range spans three continents. It brings together, as no academic periodical has done before, the archaeologies of Greece and the Aegean, Anatolia, the Levant, Cyprus, Egypt, and North Africa. As the publication is not identified with any particular archaeological discipline, the editors invite articles from all varieties of professionals who work on the past cultures of the modern countries bordering the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Similarly, a broad range of topics are covered, including, but by no means limited to: Excavation and survey field results; Landscape archaeology and GIS; Underwater archaeology; Archaeological sciences and archaeometry; Material culture studies; Ethnoarchaeology; Social archaeology; Conservation and heritage studies; Cultural heritage management; Sustainable tourism development; and New technologies/virtual reality.

The present study brings to attention a ban, a divisional coin of Wallachia, discovered in 2014 near Bod, in Brașov county. The coin is unique in public and private numismatic collections, and in the absence of a legend or a mark the piece cannot be easily attributed to a specific issuer. In this context, the main aim of this research is to identify the Wallachian prince during whose reign this coin was minted, starting from monetary issues with similar iconography and style of design, which may allow establishing connections between monetary issues struck in the same period.

The document analyzes the Altamira cave hand stencils as an integrated prehistoric calendar system encoding lunar cycles, aurochs’ gestation, and the precessional Age of Taurus around 30,000 BCE, revealing that Cro-Magnon people practiced early astrometry linking survival, reproduction, and cosmology, and situates this within a broader tradition of symbolic timekeeping from Paleolithic art through ancient zodiac systems and megalithic observatories like Göbekli Tepe.

Το κυκλώπειο τείχος της μυκηναϊκής ακρόπολης του Γλα. Το ιστορικό της έρευνας και τα νέα δεδομένα από τις εργασίες αποκατάστασής του. 11.50-12.10 Β. Αραβαντινός -Ι. Φάπας To ανακτορικό συγκρότημα και η οχύρωση της μυκηναϊκής Θήβας 12.10-12.30 A. Bασιλογάμβρου Οι ανασκαφές στον Αγ. Βασίλειο Λακωνίας 12.30-12.50 M. Kοσμόπουλος Η πολιτική οργάνωση της μυκηναϊκής Μεσσηνίας και η ενοποίηση του κράτους της Πύλου 12.50-13.10 Diskussion/ Συζήτηση 13.10 -15.00 Break/ Διάλειμμα 3 rd session: RELATIONS BETWEEN CRETE AND MYCENAEAN GREECE -A 3 η συνεδρία: ΣΧΕΣΕΙΣ ΚΡΗΤΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΜΥΚΗΝΑΪΚΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΑΣ -Α 15.00-15.20 Μ. Βλαζάκη Όσμωση Μινωιτών και Μυκηναίων στην Κυδωνία 15.20-15.40 J. Davis -S. Stocker Crete and the Mainland: The Evidence from the Grave of the Griffin Warrior 15.40-16.00 Κ. Καλογερόπουλος Palatial jar fragments of non-burial contexts and their Neopalatial counterparts 16.00-16.20 Ε. Kardamaki -A. Hein -M. Teconi -P. Day Transport containers and trade in the Late Mycenaean palatial period 16.20-16.40 Discussion / Συζήτηση 16.40-17.00 Break / Διάλειμμα 4 th session: RELATIONS BETWEEN CRETE AND MYCENAEAN GREECE -B 4 η συνεδρία: ΣΧΕΣΕΙΣ ΚΡΗΤΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΜΥΚΗΝΑΪΚΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΑΣ -Β 17.00-17.20 Ν. Καραδήμας Ανάμεσα σε δύο κόσμους: το νέο υστεροελλαδικό ανάκτορο στον Άγιο Βασίλειο Λακωνίας 17.20-17.40 Β. Πετράκης O φθεγγόμενος μυκηναϊκός κόσμος: νέα ευρήματα και νέα ερωτήματα 17.40-18.00 Δ. Παναγιωτόπουλος -Μ. Αναστασιάδου 61 Years Later: Our current understanding of Mycenaean seals and sealing practices 18.00-18.20 U. Thaler Just like in Tiryns -Local idiosyncrasies in the depiction of women's attire -Argive fashion or artistic failure? 18.20-18.40 Discussion/Συζήτηση

ÊÀËÀ×ÅÂÑÊÈÉ Áîðèñ Àëåêñååâè÷, äîêòîð òåõíè÷åñêèõ íàóê, ñòàðøèé íàó÷íûé ñîòðóäíèê, ïðîôåññîð êàôåäðû «Êîíñòðóêöèîííûå ìàòåðèàëû è ñïåöèàëüíûå òåõíîëîãèè» Ñèáèðñêîé ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé àâòîìîáèëüíî-äîðîaeíîé àêàäåìèè. ßÊÎÂËÅ Àëåêñåé Áîðèñîâè÷, êàíäèäàò òåõíè÷åñêèõ íàóê, äîöåíò (Ðîññèÿ), äîöåíò êàôåäðû «Àâèàè ðàêåòîñòðîåíèå» Îìñêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî òåõ-íè÷åñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà.

T he aim of this paper is to discuss the role the territory of present-day western Slovenia played in the defence of northern Italy in the Early Middle Ages. In Slovenian early medieval archaeology, we are focused mainly on local and regional topics, but in this paper the author suggests we observe the turbulent political and historical context of the northeastern Italy in the 9th and 10th centuries. T he western part of the now Slovenian territory in particular represented a significant transit area which retained an important strategic position until the southeastern border of the Holy Roman Empire moved further towards Pannonia and the Krka River Valley. In the light of the active control and defence of transport and communications by the representatives of the state, we could perhaps understand the renewed use of hilltop sites in this period.

Aula.int () constituye un entorno educativo y virtual de aprendizaje creado en el año 2001 por un grupo de docentes de la Universidad de Granada. Este escenario iniciático supuso un desafío en el diseño y la composición de un modelo didáctico de innovación formativa debido a la ausencia de experiencias previas. Con una trayectoria sostenida de más de quince años, el proyecto ha crecido con la incorporación de nuevos docentes, la integración de novedosas herramientas y la generación continuada de recursos adecuados a la realidad de los nativos digitales que son los que ocupan nuestras aulas. La trayectoria consolidada de este proyecto acredita nuestra experiencia en la innovación docente y en la incorporación de las TIC a los procesos de enseñanzaaprendizaje. Para ello hemos creado un modelo didáctico denominado MPDT (Modelo Profesional para la Didáctica de la Traducción), así como diversas herramientas y materiales aplicados a la formación en traducción. Además, gracias a su flexibilidad, el modelo ha evolucionado en paralelo a las exigencias del mercado profesional de tal manera que tienen cabida en él nuevos perfiles profesionales como es el caso de los localizadores web.

This Element revisits the historiographical and archaeological paradigms of Roman rural economies, with a particular focus on the peasant communities of Roman Iberia. Traditionally overshadowed by the dominance of the villa schiavistica model, which centers on large-scale slave-operated agricultural estates, recent interdisciplinary research has unveiled the complexity and persistence of peasant economies. By integrating data from archaeological surveys, rescue excavations, and textual analyses, this volume highlights the significance of dispersed settlements, small-scale farms, and sustainable agrarian strategies that defined the peasant landscape. Case studies from diverse sectors of the Iberian Peninsula demonstrate diverse modes of land use, such as intensive cultivation, crop rotation, and manuring, which contrast with the economic assumptions tied to elite-dominated production models. Furthermore, the author explores Roman peasants' socio-economic structures and adaptive strategies, emphasizing their pivotal role in shaping landscapes. This Element advocates for reexamining Roman peasantries as active and complex agents in ancient history.

A biorégészet fogalma első megközelítésben az emberi maradványokon végzett biológiai és kémiai vizs-gálatokat jelenti, tágabb értelemben azonban minden szerves eredetű régészeti maradvány analízisét is magában foglalja. Eredményei segítségével egyszerre rekonstruálható az egykori népesség és az egyén fogyasztása és viselkedése, vándorlása, betegségei és fertőzései, munkavégzési szokásai, sőt szélesebb körű alkalmazásával a környező állat-és növényvilág, a földhasználat és az életmód is. A cikk a Polgáron és kör-nyékén föltárt középső és késő neolitikus temetkezésekre vonatkozó különböző hazai és nemzetközi projek-tek biorégészeti kutatásainak részeredményeit ismerteti, a következő kérdésekre keresve a választ: honnan és mikor jöttek, milyen magasak voltak, milyen volt az egészségi állapotuk, mit ettek, hogyan dolgoztak az egykor itt élt emberek? A Hajdú-Bihar megyei Polgár és Hajdúnánás határában az elmúlt évtizedekben-az 1990-es években meg-induló autópálya-építésekhez kapcsolódó m...

La vida sexual cotidiana está presente en numerosos ejemplos de arte recuperados en yacimientos y excavaciones por toda Europa durante el Paleolítico superior (entre 40.000 a 12.000 años). Aunque las representaciones humanas en la Prehistoria que han llegado hasta nuestros días son relativamente escasas, existen numerosas evidencias gráficas que muestran aspectos morfológicos de los órganos genitales femeninos y masculinos, en representaciones parietales en paredes de cuevas o en objetos portátiles de hueso, cuerno y piedra. En ocasiones, los cuerpos desnudos y las actitudes de individuos femeninos y masculinos permiten interpretar sus gustos e incluso su comportamiento sexual. La síntesis presentada revisa objetivamente las diferentes formas de genitalidad representadas en el arte paleolítico y, desde una perspectiva antropológica, interpreta diversos fenómenos fisiológicos que incluyen atracción sexual, erección, orgasmo y cópula. La sexualidad que conduce a la reproducción parece ser una parte gratificante de la vida cotidiana. Al considerar las imágenes y acciones representadas, parece existir una gran similitud entre la vida sexual de nuestros antepasados ​​y la nuestra. Se observa una evidente transformación evolutiva del acto sexual, desde un fin reproductivo primitivo hasta las escenas relacionadas con la alegría y el placer.

extinction-a-space-physicist-reopens-the-debate-259287 Neanderthals have long been the subject of intense scientific debate. This is largely because we still lack clear answers to some of the big questions about their existence and supposed disappearance. One of the latest developments is a recent study from the University of Michigan, published in the journal Science Advances. It proposes that Neanderthals went extinct for astrophysical reasons. The Earth's magnetic field 39,900 years ago, around the time Neanderthals went extinct.

Uniparentally-inherited markers on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the non-recombining regions of the Y chromosome (NRY), have been used for the past 30 years to investigate the history of humans from a maternal and paternal perspective.Researchers have preferred mtDNA due to its abundance in the cells, and comparatively high substitution rate. Conversely, the NRY is less susceptible to back mutations and saturation, and is potentially more informative than mtDNA owing to its longer sequence length. However, due to comparatively poor NRY coverage via shotgun sequencing, and the relatively low and biased representation of Y-chromosome variants on capture arrays such as the 1240K, ancient DNA studies often fail to utilize the unique perspective that the NRY can yield.Here we introduce a new DNA enrichment assay, coined YMCA (Y-mappable capture assay), that targets the “mappable” regions of the NRY. We show that compared to low-coverage shotgun sequencing and 1240K capture, YMCA signific...

Grotta del Diavolo, also known as Grotta dei Cauri, is located in Prata Sannita, near the boundary with Fontegreca in the province of Caserta. The cave opens in a gorge on the southwestern outer slope of the Matese massif: it can be reached by a challenging traverse of the slope or by ascending the gorge directly. The entrance is 3 m high and about 1 m wide and opens along a vertical rock face. The cavity develops internally with a narrow corridor leading into a first small room, from which via a short narrow passage a much larger chamber is reached. Additionally, the cave is a temporary resurgence: during rainy periods, it releases large amounts of water and serves as the overflow of a spring. The Cave, already known from reports of fortuitous discoveries made by cavers during the 1980s, was the subject of a new amateur report in 2020 determining an intervention by the competent Superintendence. During repeated inspections of the cavity, carried out in collaboration with the speleological association Cocceius, the Superintendence ascertained the existence of anthropic frequentation, specifically in the innermost space of the cave. Here, a small stratigraphic survey was carried out, which allowed the identification of human remains, faunal remains, ceramic fragments, two amber beads (one fragmentary and one intact) and fragments of carbonized wood. The presence of human bones associated with ceramic material and amber ornaments allows us to hypothesize a funerary use of the cave to be dated to the Middle Bronze Age 3, based on the analysis of the ceramic finds. The brief framing made of the Campanian attestations, regarding rituals and/or traces of funerary practices in the cave, allows us to frame the frequentation of the Grotta dei Cauri in the context of widespread cult practices related to the presence of hypogeal waters.

In some of the houses of the Late Minoan settlement at Akrotiri, objects in the shape of a cylinder, made of unfired, crumbling clay were found in groups or in isolation. The main features shared by virtually all of these are, briefly, as follows: they are cylindrical objects pierced along the length, of very similar manufacture and they fall into categories based on similarity of size. The edges are rounded and the surfaces have been roughly smoothed off by hand. The curved surface is flattened at one point, forming a seating surface that extends from one end to the other. The total number of complete cylinders discovered so far is just over 60. 1 Many of them have small impressed circles, at first sight arranged in no particular order and occupying a large part of the surface. The cylinders date from the final occupation phase of the settlement. 2 The present article consists of a catalogue of the artefacts classified according to the find spot, and an analysis of each category. 3 This is followed by a discussion of their features and an attempt to provide an interpretation in the context of the settlement. 4 Seven cylinders were found in the West House. Five of these may be regarded as a group since they were found in, or come from, the same place. WH 1 Incomplete. Off-white clay with inclusions (inv. no. 4264). Hand-smoothed surface, rounded edges Diam. 0.089, preserved length 0.095 Found outside the north side of the West House, probably fallen from the upper part of the staircase or the roof. WH 2 Complete. Off-white clay with inclusions (inv. no. 5781). Hand-smoothed surface, rounded edges Diam. 0.084, length 0.13, weight 625 gr. 5 1 Some ten cylinders were found recently during the excavation for the pillars of the new shelter. They will not be taken into consideration. 2 For a summary of recent views on the date of the eruption of the volcano, see Manning 1999, pp. 200-216.

Аннотация. В последние десятилетия афанасьевские памятники или находки афанасьевского типа обнаружены в разных регионах Центральной Азии, расстояние между наиболее удаленными объектами составляет более 2000 км. Их огромный территориальный разброс ставит вопрос об афанасьевской культурно-исторической общности с перспективой выделения со временем еще нескольких локальных вариантов.

Looted rockshelters hold significant records of Native and Euro-American lifeways that are too often overshadowed by their destruction for both personal enjoyment and saleable artifacts. Assessing the extent of subsurface disturbance requires testing beyond one or several shovel test pits. This paper presents a case study of Native rockshelter use in the Daniel Boone National Forest where an assemblage of features and archaeological deposits with presumed Late Archaic and Woodland associations based on diagnostic lithic and ceramic artifacts were, in fact, created by Native groups during the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries based on a series of AMS assays. For archaeologists working in disturbed rockshelter contexts this example serves as a cautionary lesson for component interpretation, chronology, and assessment; further highlighting the need for more extensive testing and radiometric assays.

This paper is an evaluation of the issues raised in my own “Making Explicit What has Been Implicit: A Call for a Conceptual Theory of Cartography,” and Matthew Edney’s “Making Explicit the Implicit, Idealized Understanding of ‘Map’ and ‘Cartography’: An Anti-Universalist Response to Mark Denil” (both published in Cartographic Perspectives 98, 2022).
In the first of these articles I make some proposals about how to go about investigating how a map reader decides that a given artifact is a map, and what that decision means for the user’s relationship with the artifact. In the second, Edney vigorously rejects my argument as, variously: irrelevant, reactionary, subversive, pernicious, obvious, and trite.
What are Edney and I arguing about? Does the map / not map question I raise even exist and, if so, does it matter? Is Edney correct in dismissing it, and are his reasons for dismissing it valid?
This paper examines some of the salient points raised in the Denil / Edney controversy, with an eye to the pragmatic, real-world ramifications of each writer’s positions.

This paper aims to highlight, with a series of insights about settlement systems from prehistory to Middle Ages, the general framework of the archaeological landscape in the historical region of Gerrei, located in South-Eastern Sardinia-Italy (Western Mediterranean), and its transformations through the epochs. The territory is characterized by a rugged and complex terrain, featuring plateaus and deep valleys. The numerous monumental traces span from the Neolithic to the Middle Ages, and show different settlement configurations related to changing forms of the landscape. From horizontal grounds to the most rugged and bumpy forms that are reflected in the toponymy of 'bruncus', man has gradually diversified over time, and sometimes has preserved its own settlement characteristics. The Authors, using a series of statistical and spatial GIS analyses (Viewshed and Least-Cost Path analyses), have analyzed the locational preferences at different times and how these are strongly connected to geomorphological conditioning of the landscape of this region. The diachronic analysis of the area's population, considered in its relationship with the landscape, has highlighted several changes in settlement choices, also linked to the succession of different forms of economy and society. Lo studio di un'area-campione individuata nella regione storica del Gerrei, nella Sardegna sudorientale, ha messo in luce un ricco sistema insediativo dalla preistoria fino all'età medievale (Forci 2008; Cicilloni e Forci 2012; Fig. ).

Some of the oldest coastal pottery in South America is found in the Pampas region of southern Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina. In the region's extensive estuarine systems pre-colonial indigenous groups built earthen mounds, known as Cerritos, from ca. 4700 BP. The Cerritos have multifunctional purposes, and while pottery was widely used, its role in the economic or ritual life of the mound builders remains uncertain. Intriguingly, molecular and isotopic characterization of food residues from Cerritos ceramics shows that vessels were used for either cooking estuarine fish, or plant products. Microbial-derived lipids were predominantly associated with the latter, suggesting that plants were fermented, presumably to make alcoholic beverages. We suggest that dispersed communities were drawn to the mounds seasonally to exploit and celebrate the return of migrating fish. This finding is supported by the diversity of stable isotope values of human remains recovered from Cerritos and sheds new light on the lifeways of these pre-colonial groups.

This paper describes a newly defined nonmetric trait in the human dentition, i.e., Hypotrophic Roots of the Upper Central Incisors (HRUCI). Teeth presenting HRUCI are characterized by abnormally short roots whose crowns exhibit no apparent morphological alterations. The trait was observed in six samples from collective funerary sites in the Iberian Peninsula dated from the Late Neolithic to the Chalcolithic period.