African American Studies

Entrevista a senadora afromexicana María Celeste Sánchez Sugía y a su asesor parlamentario Sergio Ramírez Caloca sobre el activismo afromexicano, experiencia y desafíos legislativos, la dimensión internacional del activismo y de la labor parlamentaria, las batallas conmemorativas por la visibilidad en los últimos años, las alianzas y tensiones dentro del Movimiento y la relación con otros activismos.

The present work analyzes results from a three-year, mixed-methods sociological study of Black lesbian–headed families. It identifies four points of departure Black women make from what the existing literature has assumed about lesbian families and lesbian practice. It links these ideologies and behaviors to the experiences of African-American women growing up in Black heterosexual families and communities, particularly the mother-centered quality of many Black households and the history of female labor force participation and economic contributions to the household.

This work examines the strategies Black lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people use in Black environments to proclaim a gay identity that is simultaneous with a Black identity. It identifies three distinctive features of LGBT protest in Black communities. Black gay 2 protest takes on a particular form when individuals are also trying to maintain solidarity with the racial group despite the threat of distancing that occurs as a result of their sexual minority status. Black sexual minorities who see their self-interests as linked to those of other Blacks use cultural references to connect their struggles to historical efforts for Black equality and draw from nationalist symbols and language to frame their political work. They believe that increasing their visibility in Black spaces will promote a greater understanding of gay sexuality as an identity status that can exist alongside, rather than in competition with, race. The findings of this research have implications for larger discussions of identity, protest, and gay sexuality in intraracial contexts.

This work investigates the experiences of African American lesbians who came into adulthood in the mid-twentieth century and were at or approaching retirement age at the time of study. It draws from sociological frameworks of aging, analyzing oral histories, group interviews, and archival materials to consider how the socio-historical contexts of inequalities based in race, gender, and sexual orientation have impacted Black lesbian women in older age. First, African Americans were subjected to labor market discrimination on several fronts and were varied in their ability to access stable employment and advanced education as young adults. Now there is a bifurcation, with some experiencing economic security and others experiencing precarity in their later years. Second, many who lived their young adulthood as lesbians did not become parents or experienced long periods of absence in child rearing. As they advance in age, they lack a crucial source of support that others with adult children can rely on. Finally, while initially fraught relationships with kin became less strained over time, lesbian sexuality was still an "open secret" for many of these women and a measure of vulnerability persists in their familial attachments. When care needs call for aid from or to extended family members, Black lesbians in older age may not receive sufficient support to mitigate experiences of social isolation or health crises, the likelihood of both increasing over the life course.

To my husband and biggest supporter, Dr. Paul D. Adams, your love, support, patience, and understanding through this process have been remarkable. You encouraged me by allowing me to take the time I needed away from you and the kids, keeping the house running in my absence, and telling me over and over how proud you were of me. I will always love you for the man you are. To my children, Sydni Jean, Paul Dante', and Havyn Denice, your laughter and unconditional love has helped mommy to complete this process. I embarked on this journey so you could observe how much one could accomplish if they are focused, dedicated, and determined. I challenge you to never give up on any dream you aspire. To my committee, Dr. Kenda Grover and Dr. Ketevan Mamiseishivili, I am forever grateful for your wisdom, guidance, and mentorship. To my Chair, Dr. Michael T. Miller, I know I was not always confident in my ability to complete this process but you never gave up on me. You encouraged me and built me up so that I realized that I could one day become a member of the doctoral club (smile), thank you for believing in me. To my mentors, Dr. TyJuan Lee, Dr. Roger Richardson, and Dr. Johnetta Cross Brazzell, and Dr. Berenecea Johnson Eanes, thank you for giving me the push needed to think I could and should pursue. To my Aces' Carmen, Jenniffer, Kelly, Kim, Quinetta, Traevena, and Vivia, I hope you know that our visits, emails, late night conversations, and words of encouragement, have held me in moments of doubt. Thank you for always being there for me. To my cousins, Venus and Gwen, you have served as role models to me ever since I could remember, you have given me the strength, courage, and the inspiration needed to make the most of life. I love you more than words could say. To my colleagues in Freshman Engineering, thank you for your support and providing me the flexibility needed to accomplish this goal. A special shout out to Gigi and Shadaya, my College of Engineering "road dogs" thank you for all you have done for me. I could not have gotten through this process without you. To my participants, thank you for your time, energy, and sharing your life story. To my transcriber and reviewers thank you for your willingness. Without you, this dissertation would have not have been a success. To everyone else special in my life; DST sorority sisters, Eastern Star sisters, and family and friends who would never want to be mentioned by name, you also prayed for and with me and knew that I could and would complete this task, I sincerely thank you. This dissertation is dedicated to the two women who raised me, Emma Briggs Gordon, my grandmother and Harriett Green-Davis, my mother. I am thankful to them for teaching me perseverance, independence, and the belief that "All things through Christ strengthens' me". Big Ma, I hope I have made you proud. I think of you daily and only wish you could have been here, in body, to see one of your own become a doctor. Mom, thank you for your love, friendship, and the many sacrifices you made to make sure I had everything I needed, thought I wanted, and never asked for. I can never repay you for all you have done for me. I thank you for the upbringing I had, for always supporting me, and for being front and center for every dance recital, singing engagement, piano lesson, sports event, educational accomplishment, my marriage, the birth of my children, and now obtaining my doctoral degree. You have gone through this journey with me. As a small token of my appreciation I dedicate this work to you. I love you -always.

eminine beauty is defined as the integration of F physical and aesthetic attributes that are pleasing or desirable for females in a particular society, given the influence of culture, history, and society. This paper explores the intersection of feminine beauty, decolonial philosophy, and the Nigerian art world, exploring how feminine aesthetic images in Nigeria have developed from colonial legacies and how contemporary artists are reversing these impositions. Drawing on postcolonial feminist theory and decolonial thought, the study examines how Eurocentric beauty standards promoting light skin, Euro-textured hair, and slender bodies-were institutionalized through colonial media, schooling, and Christian missionary exertions, and how these continue to be deeply rooted in Nigeria's beauty culture. With specific focus on the Nigerian art sphere, the article highlights how visual artists, photographers, and performance artists are doing acts of cultural resistance by reclaiming indigenous concepts of beauty based on Yoruba, Igbo, and other ethnic practices of aestheticism. Employing case studies of artists like Peju Alatise, and Lakin Ogunbanwo, the paper shows how Nigerian art deconstructs and refigures femininity beyond colonial epistemes, offering counter-narratives that celebrate dark skin, natural hair, bodily diversity, and ancestry symbolism. These visual responses are framed as acts of epistemic disobedience and cultural reawakening that are consistent with broader Nigerian decolonization processes. Lastly, the study argues that decolonizing feminine beauty within the context of Nigerian art is paramount to Nigeria's continuous search for cultural selfdefinition and decolonial emancipation.

This essay examines Toni Morrison's Beloved (1987) in the overlapping paradigms of postcolonial studies and memory studies, unveiling the novel as a fervent act of resistance to the dehumanizing narratives of slavery. Through the heralding of Beloved's broken narrative and use of magical realism, the research explores how Morrison resists the historical erasure of enslaved life and translates trauma's psychological force. Postcolonial theory accounts for the novel's criticism of hegemonic power structures, citing resistance actions that reclaim identity, agency, and narrative power from under colonial domination. Memory theory builds such an examination further by examining the depiction of individual and collective trauma, highlighting the non-linear, somatic, and intergenerational nature of remembering as depicted in figures such as Sethe, Paul D, and Denver. The communal nature of memory work is exposed to be central to healing, seen in the group exorcism of Beloved's ghost. The essay argues that Beloved remakes memory into a project of reconquering history, identity, and community, which brings readers into an ethical relation with a traumatic past that still lingers in their imagination. The intersection of theoretical orientations strengthens our understanding of the potentialities of African American fiction in engaging cultural memory, trauma, and resistance. Morrison's novel continues to be forcefully relevant to arguments on race, memory, and survival and is a fundamental map of artistic and intellectual engagement with histories of racial terror and survival.

One out of ten Korean Americans is estimated to be an adoptee . The majority of these adopted Korean Americans are transracial adoptees (TRAs), a group that has not received enough attention despite their unique experiences, perspectives, and needs. On top of the unique challenges TRAs face throughout life in general, most young adults go on to pursue a higher education which is a developmentally challenging time for anyone, pushing students to define their own values and personal identity . According to the U.S. State Department Bureau of Consular Affairs (2018), there were 20,800 transracial Korean adoptees (TRKAs) adopted between 1999 and 2018. Hoffman and Peña's (2013) study about TRKAs for application in higher education suggested that, based upon the previous statistic, there are probably a significant number of TRKAs currently in higher education and will be for the next several years. The purpose of this study was to advocate for these students, and identify the unique supports they may require in order to develop successfully as well rounded individuals. Over the years, the higher education community has come to realize the importance of acknowledging and supporting different identities of students. It is common to find campus resources for minority students such as multicultural centers, student organizations, and various events and programs to support student identities. However, transracial adoptees are a student population that is often overlooked in higher education. The purpose of this study was to identify the areas where transracial adoptees have the potential to struggle and provide an explanation of their unique needs. From this research, I have recommended future steps for higher education and student affairs professionals to acknowledge and support this population and their unique

Stereotypes reinforce racial prejudice and the practice of racial profiling, which unfairly targets people based on their race or ethnicity. The study focuses on the analysis of Ralph Ellison's novel, Invisible Man with the objective of de-stereotyping and challenging these racial prejudices about the Black ethnicity. The primary lens used by the researcher to interpret the texts is Critical Race Theory (CRT). The qualitative aspect of this study enables a careful analysis of the chosen textual sections. The study reveals how the protagonist of Invisible Man deals with the negative repercussions of becoming invisible as well as the difficulties of surviving in a racist society. The major findings of this research show that Black characters in Invisible Man frequently experience marginalization and are subjected to stereotypes. Ellison's work is notable for its efforts to establish Black culture's vital role in the formation of American identity and to reclaim a dignified space for it.

The Nation of Islam (NOI) is a Black religious organization known mostly for its racially infused Islamic doctrine, its militant posture, and for producing some of the most iconic figures in Black America. This article adds to the growing body of scholarly research on the NOI by putting the organization in conversation with the history and tenants of African/Black psychology. Among the relevant topics discussed, I highlight how NOI doctrines, such as the White man is the devil and the Black man is God, align with various theories and frameworks emanating from the African/Black psychology movement, like the worldview paradigm and the psychopathic racial personality. Primary data sources used for this analysis include foundational texts from the NOI, including Message to the Blackman in America and The __________________________________________________________________

This paper focuses on one of the most important screenplays, Django Unchained (2012), by the famous Hollywood auteur Quentin Tarantino. The story revolves around the life of a slave family, and Django is the central protagonist, a runaway slave, who had suffered at the hands of the slave owners. The methodology used for the investigation of the portrayal of Django is the textual analysis, given the qualitative nature of the research. The theoretical base of the investigation is the Critical Race Theory, which upholds the pervading and continuous presence of racism against African-Americans, and most specifically, in its institutionalized manifestation. The paper finds that though there are elements of melodrama and surrealism, the representation of Django takes the proto-form of the magical hero. The hero overcomes dire circumstances with the help of Dr. Schultz. The research finds that despite the apparent mainstream representation of the African-Americans, Tarantino did succeed in not only highlights but also contemporariness the racism, discrimination and marginality of the African-Americans.

This essay examines the significance of vulnerability within personal relationships, especially intimate ones. It proposes that our vulnerability to others be conceived as a practical capacity enabling us to join interpersonal relations and argues that although it also exposes us to risks, harms, and wrongs, it is self-enhancing and empowering and constitutes the condition for valuable experiences that make life worthwhile. The discussion centers on grief, which underscores the centrality of vulnerabilities constitutive of human existence. Grief is construed as the appropriate normative response to the loss of valuable relationships and the existential threat posited by mortality. This characterization allows us to address philosophical problems that elude debates focused on pathogenic vulnerabilities-those that emphasize the moral dangers of intimacy or their ontological underpinning. Second, it shows that vulnerability in personal relationships cannot be reduced to a prudential problem amenable to cost-benefit calculation. Third, it draws attention to an underexamined dimension of grief-its rituality, arguing that mourning's normative practices respond to existential disorientation by embedding individual grief within a shared narrative that reestablishes communal boundaries and purposes, thereby managing the inevitability, irreversibility, and arbitrariness of death. While these practices reinforce social bonds, they can also produce or exacerbate social and ethical varieties of vulnerability.

This essay examines the significance of vulnerability within personal relationships, especially intimate ones. It proposes that our vulnerability to others be conceived as a practical capacity enabling us to join interpersonal relations and argues that although it also exposes us to risks, harms, and wrongs, it is self-enhancing and empowering and constitutes the condition for valuable experiences that make life worthwhile. The discussion centers on grief, which underscores the centrality of vulnerabilities constitutive of human existence. Grief is construed as the appropriate normative response to the loss of valuable relationships and the existential threat posited by mortality. This characterization allows us to address philosophical problems that elude debates focused on pathogenic vulnerabilities-those that emphasize the moral dangers of intimacy or their ontological underpinning. Second, it shows that vulnerability in personal relationships cannot be reduced to a prudential problem amenable to cost-benefit calculation. Third, it draws attention to an underexamined dimension of grief-its rituality, arguing that mourning's normative practices respond to existential disorientation by embedding individual grief within a shared narrative that reestablishes communal boundaries and purposes, thereby managing the inevitability, irreversibility, and arbitrariness of death. While these practices reinforce social bonds, they can also produce or exacerbate social and ethical varieties of vulnerability.

A partir de un estudio transnacional interconectado entre dos comunidades negras una de Maranon, Brasil y otra en el Caribe Colombiano puede profundizarse en las relaciones entre Cultura y Ambiente. La importancia del territorio negro para pensar en un desarrollo sostenible con base en el extractivismo y la permanencia de la diversidad cultural y ambiental en general, son asuntos prioritarios de este estudio. Cultura y Ambiente se enlazan para mostrar que aun es posible pensar el desarrollo apoyado en la ciencia que recupere experiencias y conocimientos populares

Drawing on feminist institutional critique, we understand sexual harassment not as isolated incidents but as a technology of power (following Foucault as read through feminist lens) that operates through multiple registers: Physical violence-the most visible form Emotional abuse-systematic degradation of personhood Psychological manipulation-gaslighting, isolation, and mental coercion Public humiliation-strategic deployment of shame as disciplinary mechanism These forms of harassment function as disciplinary practices that regulate bodies, careers, and knowledges within academic spaces. They are not aberrations but features of hierarchical knowledge production systems.

Predominantly White institutions are often oppressive sites for Black women to be and learn. Drawing upon kitchen table methodology and Black feminist-womanist storytelling, we discuss the experiences of five Black undergraduate and graduate women who participated in healing sessions on campus. Together, the researchers and women enacted emotional justice practices-humanizing and centering ourselves. We examine how Black women's critically reflective storytelling fostered healing, thriving, and wholeness despite the imperialist White supremacist capitalist patriarchal dynamics of the academy. Our findings underscore the need for predominantly White institutions to promote the development and maintenance of campus spaces where Black women can be and learn beyond peripheral acceptance.

Predominantly White institutions are often oppressive sites for Black women to be and learn. Drawing upon kitchen table methodology and Black feminist-womanist storytelling, we discuss the experiences of five Black undergraduate and graduate women who participated in healing sessions on campus. Together, the researchers and women enacted emotional justice practices-humanizing and centering ourselves. We examine how Black women's critically reflective storytelling fostered healing, thriving, and wholeness despite the imperialist White supremacist capitalist patriarchal dynamics of the academy. Our findings underscore the need for predominantly White institutions to promote the development and maintenance of campus spaces where Black women can be and learn beyond peripheral acceptance.

El presente trabajo de investigacion tiene como proposito presentar los resultados de la investigacion planteada que busco contribuir a la formacion de los docentes de basica primaria del Colegio Parroquial Santiago Apostol para lograr desde apuestas etico-politicas y epistemologicas deconstruir su saber pedagogico para implementar la Catedra de Estudios Afrocolombianos. El presente trabajo investigativo esta fundamentado desde la Metodologia Investigacion Accion Reflexion que se apoya en su primera fase en un proceso etnografico. Esta metodologia busca hacer reflexion del ejercicio pedagogico desde la propia accion de formacion, donde a partir del mismo proceso de reflexion, se discuta, se problematice, se interpele y en ese sentido se vaya encontrando el camino de deconstruccion del saber pedagogico en contexto.

to facilitate the sharing of existing research on girls, and to provide opportunities to explore new directions in research. This initiative is an important one for ensuring that the burgeoning research on girlhood reaches the many different audiences who need to have access to its findings. As the editors of GHS, we strongly endorse the establishment of the Girls Research Coalition and the Girls Portal. A critical area of this fast-growing research relates to girls and education. This interest, both in the formal sector of schooling and in the landscape of the everyday (and, more especially, in media representations) is wide-spread. Although this issue of GHS started out as one of our regular unthemed issues, the range of articles from a number of different countries-the US, Hong Kong, Malawi, and Australia-dealing with topics from contemporary representations of toddlers on a reality television series, to the interrogation of "the college woman" in nineteenth and early twentieth century higher education, nicely complement each other in relation to what we refer to here as "a girl's education." As the articles point out, a girl's education can take place in school, in after-school programs, and beyond school. They address a number of key questions: What shapes and reshapes a girl's education? What is the impact of popular culture particularly through what might be termed the "Hollywood curriculum?" What are the entry points both inside schools and in society more broadly that make it possible to rethink the ways in which girls can actively give shape to social change? It is no accident that we begin and end the collection of articles with contributions that place media representations squarely in the picture of informal

Previous Research with African Americans Billingsley (1968) points out the significant mistreatment of Black families by social scientist in the past have contributed to the negative and distorted images of African American families in today's society. The patterns of African American families' behaviors tend to differentiate from that of the majority, which often results in such behaviors being viewed as deviant. It is also important to note that early survey research data gathered about African Americans were fueled by the need to compare them with whites. Additionally, prior to the 1980's there were only nine cross sectional studies which included at least 900 African Americans. A closer look at these studies revealed that only three of these studies attempted to include a cross section of the African American population. The remaining studies collected and reported data that only represented a certain region or community (Hilderbrand, Phenice, Gray, & Hines, 2000). T...

This paper introduces Hurston’s non-fiction narrative Barracoon: The Story of the Last “Black Cargo” by examining its publication history and narrative strategies, e.g. the recurring theme of silence. Moreover, the paper focuses on Hurston’s methodology of cultural anthropology, the purpose and reception of her research in the Jim Crow Era, and the current interpretation of her work as an alternative form of memory politics.

My mother gave birth the day she died, not physically but mentally; she is dead, and so are her dreams. Each day men died in war, my mother prays each day my brothers were alive, but I did not believe she truly believed it. Maybe it is because she held her breath with each word she mumbled, her wrinkled hands pressed tightly together as if she were trying not to crumble. My mother's name is Yasmine. She was born in 1957 in Mumbai, India, to a prostitute.

Every society builds containers-some physical, some invisible. The parable of the crabs in a barrel is not about envy or innate dysfunction; it is about environment. When the barrel is narrow, the climb becomes a competition, and what looks like sabotage is often survival misinterpreted. This paper examines containment as a social design problem rather than a cultural flaw, arguing that collective suppression emerges from engineered scarcity and structural confinement. The barrel, not the crab, is the truer subject of study.

This project was made possible through the support of many people. I am deeply grateful to my thesis advisor Maura Nguyen Donohue for her insight, wisdom, compassion, patience and guidance in her support of me seeing this through and bringing this project to life. Thank you to my second reader Laura Brungard for her insight and guidance as well. Thank you to my collaborators and team for the film, for without them, it would not have been possible: Richard Louissaint,

Black Wings by Gabriel J. Christian, Past President of the East Coast Chapter of Tuskegee Airmen Inc. and co-author of For King & Country – The Service & Sacrifice of the British West Indian Military, explores the overlooked contributions of men and women of African descent to global aviation and the fight for freedom. Building on his earlier work, which documented the service of nearly 7,000 British West Indians (Jamaicans, Trinidadians, Barbadians, Dominicans, Guyanese, etc.) in the Royal Air Force during World War II, Christian expands the narrative to include other pioneers whose courage in the skies reshaped history.
The booklet highlights Colonel John C. Robinson of Florida—famously known as the “Brown Condor”—who answered Emperor Haile Selassie’s call and became Commander of the Ethiopian Air Force during the 1935 War of Italian Aggression, embodying Pan-African solidarity in action. It also recounts the extraordinary story of Captain Roger Sauvage, a French fighter ace of Martiniquan heritage, who served with distinction in the legendary Normandie-Niemen Squadron of the Soviet Red Air Force, bringing honor to France and the Caribbean alike. Equally compelling is the lesser-known achievement of Emperor Haile Selassie’s early commitment to Ethiopian aviation, seen in the establishment of an aircraft industry that produced the Tsehai aircraft in 1934/35—one of the first airplanes manufactured in Africa.
That legacy continues today in the phenomenal rise of Ethiopian Airlines, which has become the largest carrier in Africa and the fourth largest airline in the world by route coverage. Its outstanding safety record ranks among the best globally, making it a symbol of African excellence in modern aviation. Supporting this achievement is Ethiopian Airlines University, one of the few comprehensive aviation and aerospace training centers globally. With a state-of-the-art fleet on which its students train, the University has become a beacon for developing the next generation of African and global aviation professionals.
Black Wings weaves together these inspiring accounts to affirm that the history of aviation and military struggle is incomplete without recognition of Black aviators and their diasporic connections across Africa, the Caribbean, Europe, and the Americas. More than a historical record, this work is a call to honor their sacrifices, preserve their legacy, and inspire new generations to take flight on the wings of courage, vision, and freedom.
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RESUMO: Com base nas especificidades dos textos multimodais, apresentamos uma abordagem interpretativa da performance politica de Gabriel O Pensador no videoclipe do rap “To feliz (Matei o presidente) 2”. A forca ideologica desse rap traz a tona diferentes identidades que se engajam na luta social, como a do artista e a do cidadao inconformado com a corrupcao no Brasil. Partimos dos estudos culturais para dar destaque a linguagem hibrida do rap: aspectos orais, campo visual e contestacao das injusticas sociais. Metodologicamente, exploramos os conceitos: “hibridismo”, de H. Bhabha, especificidades ideologicas do rap, propostas por E. Salles, e a performance artistica como resistencia, conforme P. Zumthor. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Rap brasileiro. Hibridismo. Performance. ABSTRACT : Based on the specificities of the multimodal texts, we present an interpretative approach to the political performance of Gabriel O Pensador in the rap video clip "To feliz (Matei o presidente) 2". The id...

La sistematización de prácticas, proyectos y experiencias educativas se ha definido de distintas maneras, precisamente por la diversidad y complejidad de acciones que supone su realización. En todo caso, la sistematización de una experiencia supone acciones tales como, la organización de información, la interpretación, la reflexión, la exploración y elaboración teórica alrededor del objeto que se sistematiza; en fin, una serie de tareas que buscan potenciar el sentido y significado del proyecto realizado. Para el caso del proyecto realizado por el Instituto para la Investigación Educativa IDEP durante la primera mitad del 2012, se ha asumido la sistematización como una modalidad de investigación sobre la propia práctica que fusca fundamentalmente explorar, observar, analizar e interpretar un proyecto de carácter pedagógico con el objetivo de encontrar en él la riqueza pedagógica producida a través de su encuentro con los maestros y maestras participantes, pero también y sobre todo, ...

El artículo aborda cómo las estructuras coloniales han permeado el sistema educativo colombiano y consolidado una educación colonial, racista y tradicional que reproduce lógicas excluyentes y discriminatorias hacia las diversidades. A partir de este panorama reflexiona sobre tres asuntos que fungen como apuestas disruptivas de descolonización, dignificación y justicia social, pues responden política y pedagógicamente para tejer una educación y sociedad más equitativas e inclusivas: el primero es la etnoeducación, entendida como un proyecto étnico-político y una política educativa; el segundo es la etnoeducación universitaria, que se traduce como el surgimiento de los programas de licenciatura en etnoeducación; y por último, la educación intercultural, que es dinamizada por los etnoeducadores a partir de los principios y fundamentos de la etnoeducación. Este artículo reflexivo plantea que los etnoeducadores están trascendiendo de la etnoeducación hacia la educación intercultural, ya que la primera tiene un marco normativo que restringe su ejecución en contextos más diversos; por ende, la formación docente de los etnoeducadores es pertinente para abordar otro tipo de diversidades e identidades que traspasan las barreras de lo étnico-cultural-lingüístico y abrazan otras formas de ser de los estudiantes. Se destaca la importancia de pedagogías del reconocimiento y de la memoria para el diálogo intercultural con el propósito de repensar la escuela como un espacio libre de racismo y discriminación, capaz de liderar procesos de transformación social.

If "the master's tools will never dismantle the master's house, "  then one might argue that playwrights of color cannot continue to follow Aristotelian structure when exposing trauma and healing on stage. The professional American theatre has been filled with the successes of white plays that, in structure and expectation, capture how white people see the world.

The paper examines one of New Orleans’ Black womens’ benevolent societies, as it appertained to the life of Adelaide Baptiste. Through her trajectory, eventually becoming an official of the Ladies Apostolical, the paper explores how these societies positively impacted the lives of their members. In assisting with the organization’s business affairs, Baptiste could experience a life outside of domesticity, or menial employment. Members were also able to release themselves from the strictures of a patriarchal society, and to gain influence, not only within their own circles, but also in shaping the future of the Black population of New Orleans. These women could not be considered as being politically active, like some of their Northern counterparts, such as Sojourner Truth. However, they were clearly contributing to the ideologies about the future of Black civic life after the Civil War.
In the antebellum period, some free women of colour had come together to form benevolent societies. However, these women were well educated and came from privileged Afro-Creole backgrounds. My research has revealed that after the Civil War, Black women from all social groups, including non-Creoles and the newly freed, began to come together and organize themselves into benevolent societies. This constituted a major change, reflecting the ideas emanating from the Second Great Awakening. The members of the Ladies Apostolical also reflected this change, as most of the officials were illiterate.
In general, there has been little previous research into these benevolent societies, beyond a general overview. This is an oversight because my early research indicates that they may have been one of the ways in which Black women influenced the future of the Black community. By organizing societies which helped members to weather the financial problems caused by illness, unemployment and mortality, they were promoting an ideology aimed at strengthening and unifying the Black population. They also provided more concrete assistance in the form of charitable donations and institutions. Thus, closer examination of the Ladies Apostolical and its members will provide new and importance evidence into the contributions made by Black women in the area of Black civic life.

يقدّم كتاب "تفسير أسباب النجاحات الإفريقية.. ليس كل شيء ينهار دائمًا" قراءة مغايرة للصورة النمطية السلبية عن القارة، من خلال إبراز تجارب حققت نجاحات نسبية رغم التحديات الهيكلية والسياسية. وينطلق من تساؤل رئيس حول أسباب تفوق بعض الدول الإفريقية مقابل تعثر أخرى في ظروف مشابهة، معتمدًا على تحليل مقارن يوضح العوامل التي دعمت مسارات النجاح أو أعاقت تحقيق الاستقرار والتنمية.

Not So Fast, Lucifer — A Prophetic Warning for Black Families About Leucovorin and B12 is a fierce, pastoral field guide for medical discernment. Drawing a straight line from Scripture’s warnings about control to today’s exam rooms, the essay speaks to Black families with both love and receipts. It explains how folate-class drugs like leucovorin can “polish the labs” while an untreated vitamin B12 deficiency keeps damaging nerves—especially in communities already carrying higher risks (diabetes + metformin, long-term acid blockers, H. pylori, anemia, gut surgery/disease, pregnancy). The call isn’t panic; it’s order: test → treat the root (B12) → then consider folate for the narrow, biomarker-defined group it truly helps—under clinical supervision. Along the way, the piece exposes the old lie that speed equals wisdom, centers informed consent, and offers practical checklists for families, pastors, and clinicians. The tone is prophetic but protective: worship untamed by power, science serving neighbor-love, and healthcare that tells the truth. Bottom line: let labs and lives tell the same story—B12 first, then everything else.

Using the cultural-ecological and the personal perspective theory, this study examined the relationship of sociological and psychological factors on academic effort. This research used multiple linear regression analyses and data from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 to examine the extent to which personal, cultural, and school structural variables predict academic effort among a sample of 10th grade African American students. African American students' personal perceptions characterizing their belief in the importance of education, their value of schooling, and their desire for higher learning were strongly correlated with academic effort. The results also indicated parental involvement and parental aspirations played a substantial role in predicting student levels of academic effort. After controlling for personal and cultural factors, school factors were found to have no significant relationship with academic effort. For both groups, gender comparisons revealed that...

My thesis work and research explores various forms of cultural resistance and the use of symbolism and meaning making to modify power and contest domination. The work is situated at the intersections of sculpture, the body, and sound. The research explores liminal spaces in postcolonial contexts and how these spaces are breeding grounds for hybridity, tensions and harmony. In these spaces, the body, through dance and gesture, interacts with sculpture and sound in ways that create a euphemistic and nuanced lexicon of resistance and negotiation with power.

The frequency of strikes arising from disputes between the Nigerian government and academia has negatively impacted on higher education in Nigeria and the lives of students. This situation is effectively mirrored in the poor state of the nation's economy. While trade union strikes are rooted in the constitutionally guaranteed right to freedom of assembly and trade unionism, the negative effects arising from exercise of such rights in Nigerian universities cannot be ignored. Adopting a qualitative method this research utilizes the Marxian Conflict Theory and the Human Rights Theory to examine how strikes by trade unions, particularly the Academic Staff Union of Universities, affect the right to quality university education Nigeria. Findings reveal that frequent strikes affect students' academic performance, emotional wellbeing and economic productivity. The study makes a case for a balance to be struck between trade unionism and the right to higher education in the country. The government and relevant trade unions both have responsibilities as duty bearers to respect, protect and fulfill the right to quality education in Nigeria.

Desde mayo de 1948, "oficialmente" se impuso en Palestina el colonialismo de colonos. Este tipo de colonialismo implica la implantación de población y a la vez la apropiación del espacio y la erradicación de todo rastro de la población nativa, esto es: las prácticas de expulsión, segregación, detención y asesinato en masa, también el borrado cultural, la expulsión de niños y la prevención de nacimientos.

يُبرز هذا المقال قراءة تحليلية في النسخة التاسعة عشرة من مؤشر السلام العالمي لعام 2025م، باعتباره أداة مرجعية تقيس مستويات السلم عبر 163 دولة وإقليمًا تغطي معظم سكان العالم. ويعرض المقال منهجية المؤشر وأبعاده الرئيسة، ثم يستخلص أبرز نتائجه على المستويين العالمي والإفريقي. وتُظهر القراءة أن منطقة إفريقيا جنوب الصحراء ما تزال تواجه تحديات بنيوية تتعلق بحدة الصراعات وضعف الأمن المجتمعي، رغم بعض التحسن في بعض الدول، الأمر الذي يجعل من ترسيخ السلم ركيزة أساسية لاستقرارها وتنميتها المستدامة.