Accounting Theory and Practices

This study investigates the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in auditing quality and assurance. As AI technologies become increasingly embedded in audit processes, understanding their influence on audit outcomes is critical for practitioners, regulators, and stakeholders. The study focuses on three key components of AI integration: AI-based data analytics, AI-assisted risk assessment, and AI-driven fraud detection, examining their individual and collective effects on audit quality. Grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the research employs a quantitative approach using survey data and multiple regression analysis to test hypotheses and evaluate relationships among variables. Findings reveal that all three AI components have a statistically significant positive impact on audit quality, with AI-based data analytics exerting the strongest influence. These results align with prior studies emphasizing AI's ability to enhance audit efficiency, reduce human error, and improve anomaly detection. However, the study also recognizes challenges such as regulatory uncertainty, ethical concerns, and limited adoption in small and medium-sized firms due to cost and skill constraints. The study contributes to existing literature by providing empirical evidence on AI's role in auditing, especially within diverse organizational contexts. It highlights the need for updated audit standards, greater investment in AI training, and stronger ethical frameworks to support responsible AI adoption. Practical recommendations are offered to guide audit firms, regulators, and educational institutions in navigating the transition to AI-enhanced audit environments. Ultimately, the study underscores that while AI cannot replace professional judgment, it serves as a powerful tool to augment audit quality and assurance effectiveness.

Improving public sector managers' accountability with performance measurement is one of the dominant themes of the New Public Management (NPM) literature. With a case study of HM Customs & Excise (HMCE), this PhD research analyses NPM-inspired accounting changes using ...

This study examined the extent to which government fiscal management influences the organisational efficiency of public health institutions in the delivery of healthcare services. The research focused on assessing the role of expenditure control mechanisms in ensuring the timely and effective provision of health services to the general populace. Related issues, such as public sector fiscal management and operational productivity within the health sector, were also evaluated. Data for the study were primarily sourced from secondary materials and verbal interviews. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed to determine whether significant differences existed in the mean values of expenditure, actual revised expenditure incurred, and organisational efficiency in service provision across public health institutions in Cross River State. Additionally, a multiple linear regression model was used to analyse the causal relationship between the revised real expenditure incurred and organisational efficiency in healthcare delivery. Findings revealed that while the government's actual expenditure and quality of performance were generally ineffective, the revised overhead costs and the quantity of health services provided demonstrated greater efficiency. Furthermore, performance across health institutions significantly differed relative to their overhead cost provisions. Based on these findings, the study recommends that actual overhead costs should be periodically reviewed; annual budgetary allocations should be segmented into functional areas and shorter budgetary periods; efficiency and effectiveness in public health expenditure utilisation should be continuously evaluated; management of public health institutions should be actively involved in budget implementation and held accountable for outcomes; and substantial deviations between actual and expected performance should be promptly identified and addressed.

This study investigates the significance of legal financial instruments in promoting the efficiency of economic control within the public sector of Cross River State, Nigeria. It analyses how statutory frameworks, regulatory mechanisms, and compliance procedures contribute to enhancing transparency, accountability, and fiscal discipline in communal governance. Data were obtained from both primary and secondary sources and analysed using appropriate statistical techniques to ensure analytical robustness. Findings reveal that legal financial instruments play a pivotal role in strengthening economic control, particularly in fraud detection, financial reporting accuracy, and effective oversight of public expenditure. The study highlights the need for continual refinement of legal and institutional structures governing public financial management. It recommends reinforcing legal mechanisms by implementing whistle-blower protections and improving investigative frameworks. Furthermore, legal systems should be adapted to integrate technological advancements, enabling the admissibility of digital evidence in financial misconduct cases. Strengthened legal instruments are essential for fostering integrity and efficiency in public sector financial governance.

The study examined the effect of earnings variability on share price annualized volatility among non-financial companies quoted at Nairobi Securities Exchange. Earnings variability is a situation where there is a fluctuating pattern of a company's net income or earnings per share (EPS) during a given period of time. The study was guided by pragmatic research philosophy and adopted a quantitative research design to evaluate earnings variability and share price annualized volatility among quoted non-financial firms at Nairobi securities exchange. A census study of 39 non-financial companies quoted at the NSE was employed, of which 33 met data requirements. The study used secondary data from audited annual financial reports of the quoted firms for twenty years, from January 2003 through December 2022. The data collected was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The hypothesis that earnings variability had no significant effect on share price annualized volatility among quoted non-financial companies at Nairobi Securities Exchange was tested at a 95% confidence interval using t-statistic and p-value. The study used panel data Ordinary Least Square method technique for research analysis. Panel regression analysis using random effects model was conducted after necessary normality, model specification, homoscedasticity, linearity and autocorrelation diagnostic tests. Findings show that earnings variability had no significant effect (p = 0.843, r² ≈ 0.000) on share price annualized volatility, among quoted non-financial firms at the Nairobi Securities Exchange.

PROGRAM STUDI S1 PERBANKAN SYARIAH FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS ISLAM UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SJECH M. DJAMIL DJAMBEK BUKITTINGGI TAHUN AJARAN 2025 i KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan rahmat dan hidayah-Nya sehingga kelompok kami dapat menyelesaikan tugas makalah yang berjudul "Manajemen Keuangan Dalam Bisnis" tepat pada waktunya. Adapun tujuan disusunnya makalah ini adalah untuk memenuhi tugas dari dosen pengampu mata kuliah. Kami ucapkan banyak terimakasih kepada Ibu Ice Suci Sri Rahayu, S.Pd selaku dosen pengampu mata kuliah Manajemen UKM yang telah memberikan tugas ini. Kami juga mengucapkan terimakasih pada semua pihak yang telah mendukung kami dari berbagai sisi serta membagi pandangan juga pengetahuannya sehingga kami dapat menyelesaikan tugas ini. Kami menyadari bahwa makalah yang kami susun masih jauh dari kata sempurna. Maka dari itu, kami mengharap kritik dan saran demi kebaikan makalah ini agar menjadi pembelajaran bagi kami selanjutnya. Dan kami berharap semoga para pembaca dapat menambah wawasan dari makalah yang kami buat. Bukittinggi, 8 Mei 2025 Penyusun ii DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR .

This study investigates the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the effectiveness of audit quality in Nigeria from auditors' perspectives. Focusing on three core AI dimensions AI adoption rate, AI maturity and AI reliance the study explores how these constructs shape audit outcomes in terms of objectivity, accuracy, compliance and risk assessment. Using a structured survey distributed to 500 professional auditors across audit firms, regulatory bodies and listed companies, the study analyzed responses from 412 participants in addition to the 15 percent attrition added. Data was subjected to descriptive statistics, factor analysis and multiple regression analysis via SPSS. Results indicates that AI adoption rate significantly enhances audit effectiveness by improving fraud detection and audit precision. AI maturity was found to positively influence the strategic integration of technology in audit workflows, enhancing timeliness and compliance. However, while AI reliance also showed a positive influence, excessive dependence could compromise professional skepticism and ethical judgment. The study emphasizes the importance of balanced AI usage, continuous professional training and regulatory support for optimal AI integration in auditing. Key policy recommendations include developing ethical frameworks, enhancing auditor competence and establishing AI maturity benchmarks. This research contributes to the literature on technology in auditing and provides a strategic guide for audit firms and regulators navigating AI transformation in emerging economies like Nigeria.

Sekumpulan elemen yang saling terhubung dan terorganisasi secara koheren dalam suatu cara untuk mencapai sesuatu Dari satu sistem, sistem lain yang sama sekali baru dan belum pernah dibayangkan sebelumnya dapat muncul. Sistem dapat mengatur diri sendiri, dan sering kali memperbaiki diri sendiri setidaknya dalam beberapa gangguan. Suatu sistem lebih dari sekedar jumlah bagian-bagiannya. Ia mungkin menunjukkan perilaku yang adaptif, dinamis, berorientasi pada tujuan, mementingkan diri sendiri, dan terkadang bersifat evolusioner. Definisi Interkoneksi Fungsi atau Tujuan Terdiri dari Elemen MORE THAN THE SUM OF ITS PARTS SYSTEM LOOK BEYOND THE PLAYERS TO THE RULES OF THE GAME Sebelum melangkah terlalu jauh ke arah itu, ada baiknya untuk berhenti membedah elemen dan mulai mencari interkoneksi, hubungan yang menyatukan unsur-unsur. Begitu Anda mulai membuat daftar elemen-elemen suatu sistem, prosesnya hampir tidak ada habisnya. Anda dapat membagi elemen menjadi subelemen dan kemudian subsub-elemen. Tak lama kemudian Anda kehilangan pandangan terhadap sistem tersebut. Seperti kata pepatah, Anda tidak dapat melihat hutan karena pepohonan. Banyak interkoneksi dalam sistem beroperasi melalui aliran informasi. Informasi menyatukan sistem dan memainkan peran penting dalam menentukan cara kerjanya. Bagian yang paling tidak kentara dari suatu sistem, yaitu fungsi atau tujuannya, sering kali menjadi penentu paling penting dari perilaku sistem tersebut.

Konsep laba, sebagai metrik fundamental dalam evaluasi kinerja perusahaan, telah menjadi pusat perhatian selama berabad-abad. Namun, dalam era disrupsi digital yang ditandai oleh perubahan teknologi yang cepat, globalisasi yang semakin intensif, dan tuntutan stakeholder yang semakin beragam, relevansi dan keterbatasan konsep laba tradisional semakin teruji. Pertanyaan mendasar muncul: Apakah konsep laba yang dikembangkan dalam konteks ekonomi industri masih relevan untuk mengukur kinerja perusahaan-perusahaan berbasis inovasi dan teknologi yang aset utamanya bersifat intangible? Disrupsi bisnis model, munculnya ekonomi gig, dan pergeseran paradigma dari kepemilikan ke akses juga menuntut adanya revisi terhadap definisi dan pengukuran laba. Lebih jauh lagi, dalam konteks isu keberlanjutan yang semakin mendesak, konsep laba tradisional yang hanya berfokus pada aspek finansial dinilai tidak memadai.
Perusahaan dituntut untuk tidak hanya menciptakan nilai ekonomi, tetapi juga nilai sosial dan lingkungan. Konsep laba yang lebih komprehensif diperlukan untuk mengukur kinerja perusahaan secara berkelanjutan, dengan mempertimbangkan dampak lingkungan, sosial, dan tata kelola perusahaan (ESG). Tantangan utama dalam pengembangan konsep laba berkelanjutan adalah bagaimana mengukur dan melaporkan dampak non-finansial secara objektif dan dapat diverifikasi.

This paper aims to examine the quality best practices in King Faisal University (KFU). The quality best practices issue has taken a huge consideration among different Saudi Arabian sectors. These sectors include education, manufacturing, government, private, healthcare, IT, service and non-profit organizations. This research concentrates and discusses the quality management in Saudi Arabian higher education system.The study is a specific reference to one of the wellknown public university in Saudi Arabia i.e. KFU. The importance of conducting this research is to examine the quality best practices in KFU in terms of many aspects. These aspects include university in general, colleges, curriculum, employees, faculty members and students. Although some colleges attain academic accreditations, there is a lack of knowledge in terms of main quality best practices. The substantial expectation of this research is to eliminate the quality drawbacks in KFU. Another emphasis is to provide a number of recommendations to enhance the quality best practices in KFU.

AI has gained significant traction as an innovative tool for automating tasks, enhancing data analytics, and reducing the risk of errors in auditing processes. This study investigated the impact of adopting artificial intelligence (AI) on the quality of audit practice in Nigeria, focusing on data mining, machine learning, and image recognition as proxies for the independent variable. Population was 251 accounting firms in southwest Nigeria, with a sample size of 159, purposively determined. The study utilized structured questionnaires for data collection, with regression analysis, and correlation matrices adopted for the analysis. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between data mining and image recognition with the quality of audit practice in Nigeria. Machine learning, however, showed an insignificant negative relationship. This suggests that AI, particularly data mining and image recognition, can enhance audit quality in Nigeria. As a result, the study recommended that Nigerian audit professionals and firms should consider incorporating data mining techniques into their audit processes to improve effectiveness and error detection.

The digital transformation sweeping across industries in recent years has had a significant influence on the field of accounting. This study specifically aimed to assess the impact of blockchain technology on the effectiveness of accounting practices in Nigeria. This study used a qualitative approach and the study's primary data came from the distribution of a structured questionnaire to the targeted respondents, which comprised accountants, finance analysts, and blockchain experts. The total population was 178 registered accounting firms in Nigeria as of 31 st December 2022. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 123 firms from which 3 questionnaires were distributed to each of the firms selected, totaling 369, which served as the sample size. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The overall results found that blockchain technology had a significant positive effect on the efficacy of accounting practice in Nigeria. Thus, this study recommends that accounting firms in Nigeria should consider investing in blockchain technology to improve data security, transparency, and efficiency.

Makalah ini memberikan pemeriksaan mendalam terhadap landasan teoritis akuntansi dan pelaporan keuangan. Studi ini menggali kerangka konseptual yang mendasari praktik akuntansi, mengeksplorasi prinsip, konsep, dan asumsi yang mendasari pelaporan keuangan. Melalui tinjauan komprehensif terhadap literatur yang relevan, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang aspek teoritis akuntansi, menyoroti pentingnya kerangka konseptual dalam memastikan kualitas, keandalan, dan transparansi informasi keuangan. Temuan penelitian ini mempunyai implikasi penting bagi para profesional akuntansi, pembuat kebijakan, dan pemangku kepentingan, karena mereka berupaya untuk mempromosikan praktik pelaporan keuangan yang lebih baik dan pengambilan keputusan yang tepat. Dengan menjelaskan landasan teoritis akuntansi, penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan kerangka akuntansi dan pelaporan keuangan yang lebih kuat dan efektif.

This study examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) on professional roles within the context of financial reporting and auditing practices. Utilizing a quantitative approach, data were collected from 142 accountants in private businesses in Erbil through a structured questionnaire assessing perceptions on efficiency, accuracy, fraud detection, compliance, and professional impact. Statistical analyses, including multiple regression and correlation, were employed to determine the relationships between AI and ML integration and various professional outcomes. Contrary to expectations, the results revealed no significant impact of AI and ML on the perceived efficiency, accuracy, fraud detection capabilities, or compliance within the professional roles of accountants. These findings suggest a disconnect between the theoretical benefits of AI and ML technologies and their practical perceptions among professionals in the field. Recommendations include the need for enhanced training, incremental technology implementation, and improved governance structures to foster effective integration and utilization of AI and ML in financial practices. The study's implications are significant for organizations considering or currently implementing AI and ML technologies, highlighting the importance of addressing both technological and human factors to maximize the potential benefits of these innovations. Future research is encouraged to explore qualitative aspects of technology adoption and to conduct longitudinal studies to assess changes over time as professionals adapt to AI and ML tools. The limitations of the study, such as its geographical focus and cross-sectional design, suggest caution in generalizing the findings and point towards the need for broader, more diverse investigations. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on the practical challenges of integrating advanced technologies in specialized professional domains, underscoring the need for a balanced approach that

Accounting information is an indispensable management tool to national development services in Nigeria. Accounting plays a major role in the sustenance of economic viability, political stability and social harmony in any given state or nation. The reason for this obvious fact regarding our national development is not farfetched considering the enormous multisectoral dimension of Nigerian economic activities both in the public and private sectors. Sound and accurate accounting information are ingredients to national government decisions to national development. The main thrust of this paper is to survey the significant role of accounting information system to national development services with the ultimate aim to ascertain whether economic transactions of the nation are properly recorded and kept as accounting reports to make such national decisions. The study is focused on the information gathered and collected from both primary and secondary sources. The sample of the study is made...

The technological evolution in the last decade has led to the extensive integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into various fields, including audit and accounting. This research addresses the profound transformation of audit and accounting methodologies through the integration of AI-based technologies. Focusing on the application of linear regression in financial data analysis, this study explores the efficiency and accuracy of AI in interpreting, analyzing, and predicting financial models. Using simulated data sets and implementing the model in Python, the results show a strong correlation between the level of AI implementation and audit efficiency. Our vision for the future suggests a deep collaboration between human capability and artificial intelligence, allowing for a more accurate and efficient audit. This transformation will require ongoing adaptation from professionals and industry regulations.

This study examines the effect of sustainability reporting on the market performance of listed insurance firms in Nigeria. Methodology/approach: The study employed an ex-post facto research methodology, using pre-existing, unaltered data from 22 listed Nigerian insurance companies, conducted from 2013 to 2023. Panel regression analysis and the FGLS regression model were used to investigate the relationship between the variables.

A popular payment method, cryptocurrency has several risks that affect risk assessors' basic assessment. The financial industry has historically been at risk from the development of crypto-currencies due to the possibility of laundering currency. Within the realm of financial institutions, such as anti-money laundering regulations, banks, and privacy laws, risk professionals, bank executives, and law enforcement officials look into connected digital currency transactions as well as consumers hiding money laundering. The goal of the current study is to use machine learning to examine financial risk management in the Bitcoin market. The study was carried out in multiple contexts and multiple states from December 2023 to April 2024. The current study integrates unrestricted machine learning with the cryptocurrency framework. The professional accounting practice about the likelihood of occurrence and impact on the financial declaration of the possible risks related to cryptocurrencies, recognizing the risks connected to cryptocurrency, such as the potential for the significant probability of occurrence and illegal possession of private information. Those with professional cryptocurrency transaction expertise are more cautious than those with fewer years of experience. The Hierarchical Risk Parity approach works better at delivering the adjusted risk tail and generating superior risk management results. The model's proposed resilience, it was determined, is to covariance window estimations and various adjusted durations.

The objective of the study is to review the recent development in Accounting education and Accounting practice. The qualitative and library research was employed for the study. The study found that it has been found that the current accounting courses offered by several Nigerian universities are insufficient in meeting the labor market needs. Also found further that there is a significant disparity exists between employers and educators regarding the importance of graduate skills. It is therefore concluded that there should be a stronger relationship and collaboration among accounting practitioners, policymakers, and academic researchers are vital for shaping the future of accounting work and determining the type of accounting that will be practiced and studied. The study recommended that it is the responsibility of universities to establish a robust educational foundation for professional accounting training and it is imperative to reintroduce compulsory internship programs before graduation, similar to the practices in other professions like law and medicine.

Generally, in conventional accounting, financial statements are based on the historical cost principle that assumes that prices (monetery unit) are stable. Conventional accounting recognizes neither changes in the general price level nor changes in the specific price level. Consequently, if there are any changes in purchasing power such as in inflation period, the historical financial statement are not economically relevant and also income is usually overstated, and the fixed assets are usually understated. Actually, there are several methods on accounting for the effect of changing prices, such as constant accounting, current value accounting, and general price level accounting. General price level accounting will do restatement the components of financial statement to be a rupiah on a similar level of purchasing power, but without changes in accounting principles which using on conventional accounting. In practice, the controversy concerning the relevance of general price level ac...

The Financial reporting can be sometimes so complex, high priced, with possibilities of material misstatement, to tackle this, study evaluated how artificial intelligence (AI) could help us with FRP. We constructed a questionnaire for the survey to collect data and assessed it using regression analysis on SPSS software (IBM SPSS statistics). The study examined how effective AI and ML is for financial reporting process and how it can affect the quality of financial reports. The results
show that AI and ML significantly enhances financial reporting process, The P value is less than 5% which means the relationship is statistically significant, indicating strong evidence. Taking into account these results, the study determined that companies need to adopt Artificial intelligence
technologies to stay spirited and competitive. In order to increase productivity and efficiency, it advised businesses to begin putting up information resources for artificial intelligence (AI), such as networks, AI software, instruments for information annotation, data refinement, storage of information and security, and networks.

Accountability has increasingly faced heavy criticism for the lack of quality and relevance of information provided to stakeholders, the increase in formalization of procedures as a cumbersome "compliance exercise", and product privacy. For example, when talking about a fundamentally important group of stakeholders as investors, there is a growing dissatisfaction with the usefulness of financial reporting information for companies, a decrease in their ability to reflect objective current performance results and predict future performance results, and to explain the dynamics of stock prices and profitability. Realizing the loss of importance of financial information, business leaders are increasingly using alternative operating data and making various adjustments to financial information. In many studies of foreign and domestic scientific colleges, a decline in the functions of accounting as a major resource for economic information has been observed, and the risks of losing the role of this resource have been diagnosed, especially in the context of digitization, and attempts are to search for new opportunities to develop accounting theory for the needs of modern information consumption practices. It is known that the accounting model depends on the accounting methodology and includes a solution to issues related to information, software and hardware. In order to reduce these difficulties

After being in effect since the late 1970s, first generation sectional title legislation in South Africa was recently completely overhauled into what is now commonly referred to as “third generation sectional title legislation”. The original Sectional Titles Act was split into three separate statutes, namely the Sectional Titles Schemes Management Act No. 8 of 2011, the Sectional Titles Amendment Act No. 33 of 2013 and the Community Schemes Ombud Service Act No. 9 of 2011, with various Regulations detailing how the different acts should be applied in practice. Even though some of the changes effected by the new legislation is simply technical adjustments and replications of the original first generation legislation, the new acts introduce a number of significant changes that will have an effect on accountancy, financial management and risk aspects of sectional title schemes in future. No academic research has been undertaken on a comparison of first and third generation sectional ti...

SMEs are the driving force of economies. However, they face challenges that affect their long-term survival, such as developing ethical business environments. Business ethicsrelated research is underdeveloped in SMEs, thus limiting our understanding of business ethics in SMEs. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate how business ethics is conceptualised in SMEs, using the Delphi Technique. In SMEs, business ethics is viewed as doing the right thing, having integrity, being transparent, trustworthy, and behaving responsibly towards internal and external parties. The contribution of this article is that business ethics is perceived as upholding quality, being transparent and trustworthy.

SMEs are the driving force of economies. However, they face challenges that affect their long-term survival, such as developing ethical business environments. Business ethicsrelated research is underdeveloped in SMEs, thus limiting our understanding of business ethics in SMEs. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate how business ethics is conceptualised in SMEs, using the Delphi Technique. In SMEs, business ethics is viewed as doing the right thing, having integrity, being transparent, trustworthy, and behaving responsibly towards internal and external parties. The contribution of this article is that business ethics is perceived as upholding quality, being transparent and trustworthy.

The auditing field has experienced a major alter with the integration of AI-driven tools and techniques. However, to maintain professional ethics remain crucial, guiding auditors to preserve integrity, objectivity and independence. This study explores into the intersection of AI (Artificial Intelligence) and professional ethics in audit procedures among Nigerian audit firms, evaluating their combined impact and implications. Using a survey research design, data was collected through structured questionnaire from professionals in the accounting field including accountants, auditors, and tax practitioners particularly those familiar with artificial intelligence usage in accounting firms based in Lagos, Nigeria's commercial center. The research incorporated all 56 registered accounting firms in Lagos State, utilizing a census sampling method to ensure representation of the entire population. This resulted in a sample size equivalent to 100% of the population, comprising 280 participants. Both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were utilized to assess the proficiency levels of the respondents. The findings of the regression analysis findings revealed a significant positive effect between the

Peloubet also provoked accounting thought and debate through his writings, speeches, and testimonies. As evidence, the AIA awarded Peloubet the Gold Medal Award of Distinction in 1946. This award "recognizes a person whose influence on the accounting profession as a whole is especially notable in comparison to other industry leaders" (AICPA 2019). Several leaders in the development of accounting thought and theory also confirm Peloubet's standing in the field. Maurice Moonitz and A. C. Littleton included two of his works in their Significant Accounting Essays. His 1935 article, "Is Value an Accounting Concept," was included because "it is a clear-cut statement of the views of a respected leader of the profession" (Moonitz and Littleton 1965, 95). And his 1938 testimony before the Senate Finance Committee was included, because it is probably the first extended public explanation of the need for the last-in, first-out method of pricing inventories and of determining cost of goods sold. It also represents one of the few cases where a group of prominent accountants in practice lobbied openly, persistently, and successfully for a change in the income tax law. (Moonitz and Littleton 1965, 450) Carman Blough, as AICPA Director of Research in 1958, referred to Peloubet as "a well-known and highly regarded member of our profession, for whose views we have the highest respect" (Peloubet and Blough 1958, 73). And over the course of his career, the elite institutions of Columbia, Harvard, New York University, Temple, Wheaton, and Rutgers invited Peloubet to lecture (World Who's Who in Commerce and Industry 1965, 1020). Peloubet was not afraid to discuss difficult questions in his writings, which promoted the evolution of the profession. In his 1935 article "Is Value an Accounting Concept?", which followed on the heels of the 1934 Securities Act, Peloubet sought to clarify the accountant's duties in his role as auditor. Asset valuation was a hot topic at the time, as the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) conducted a Congressionally mandated investigation from 1928 to 1934 into the corrupt practices of public utility holding companies including asset value write-ups (Zeff 2007b, 49-50). In his paper, Peloubet discusses the myriad of definitions for value and concludes that "value" is an opinion and that an "accountant cannot make valuations," as he does not have the requisite expertise, but he does have enough knowledge to critique them (208). He states: We are not required by the securities and exchange commission to do more than to disclose the basis on which assets are stated in the accounts. I do not think the accountant has any responsibility under the securities and exchange act for anything further than this, and I do not believe that periodical reappraisal, which is the only logical result of the assumption that accounts should show some sort of value, will be welcomed with much enthusiasm by the commission. (204) Shortly after the Accounting Principles Board was formed in 1959 and charged with the task to issue pronouncements on GAAP and form a research program, Peloubet wrote the paper, "Is Further Uniformity Desirable or Possible?" as a rebuttal to Leonard Spacek's paper, "Are Accounting Principles Generally Accepted?". Both papers were presented at the 1960 annual meeting of the AICPA and published in the Journal of Accountancy the following year. While Peloubet lauds the need for "uniformity of practice and enforcement of these generally accepted principles," he warns that uniformity does not insure absolute comparability between companies due to "the fact that physical and financial conditions and management policies are different, and this must be reflected differently in the accounts" (Peloubet 1961, 36, 39). Whereas in Spacek's paper, he frets over the lack of uniformity of accounting principles and argues for more narrowly defined principles (Spacek 1961). One of the biggest issues leading to these arguments was the Mina's background seems humble, as her father's occupation is listed as "Billiard Marker 1 " on a 1901 census and as "Traveller" (or travelling salesman) on his daughter's marriage certificate

Assessing the competencies and skills of Home Economics students is essential to understand their proficiency levels in key areas like Financial Management, Culinary Expertise, and Leadership Qualities in this literature review. However, the presence of diverse opinions emphasizes the importance of tailored curriculum approaches to strengthen these competencies effectively. Students' self-assessment of skills in hospitality management provides insights into their confidence levels, showcasing strengths in Entrepreneurial Mindset and Adaptability/Flexibility, yet revealing weaknesses in Family/Consumer Sciences Knowledge and Home Management/Housekeeping. These insights inform targeted support and training programs, enhancing the career readiness of Home Economics graduates. Furthermore, robust connections between students' interests and skills across Home Economics sub-fields suggest opportunities for integrated program design aligned with students' strengths. Addressing socio-economic factors and aligning educational offerings with students' aspirations are essential for fostering an inclusive learning environment conducive to career readiness. Implications include tailored curriculum approaches enhancing overall education quality, equipping graduates with skills for workforce success, and driving positive change within Home Economics education.

The Author is a skillful Accounting Scholar that cared about practical values of accounting technology to improve decision making on financial matters. He has a rich profile in accounting discipline over the years. He served as a Principal in two different private secondary schools in Port Harcourt where he taught financial Accounting for more than three years before his appointment to serve as a Federal Auditor in Professional cadre. To be resourceful, the author is research oriented on latest development in the field of accounting. And right now, he is a business consultant in addition to Part-time lecturing in National Open University of Nigeria. He believes the practice of accounting philosophy to safeguard funds and assets of business operations to maintain steady progress as a going-concern. It is worthwhile to make a good use of this textbook to know on what platform Nigerian accounting system is based. Otherwise, our accounting system is baseless and will continue to promote abject poverty as well as endless crises in society. The understanding of accounting application in real life situations matters a lot. Of course, at this age of high technology, there is greater need for society to make progress and not destruction of lives, properties and waste of fund. Thus, the benefits of accounting cannot be realized if not practiced in real sense of accounting needs in our day-today socioeconomic activities. Note that accounting is dynamic, not static and not digressing but rational for better use of available resources to improve standard of living in society.

The recent economic matters of Indonesia is sign of inflation. Inflation is a rise in the general level prices over time of a specific set of goods and services. In Indonesia, inflation rate is reported  based on  Consumer Price Index until 2007 always more than 5 percent unless in 1985 as 4.3 percent. The latest five year from 2003 to 2007 are 6.8%, 6.06%, 10.4%, 14,8% and 6.4%. It showed that a rise in the prices of a goods and services are influenced directly to change of purchasing power and production cost or the factors of production. Although the inflation is under two digits, inflation only above five percent is too high if its compare to gross national product. Generally, Financial Statements are arranged based on Historical Cost Accounting (HCA). By using this method, financial statements are arranged by using the price of transaction arise. As tool of measure or exchange in economy is used a monetary unit. Inflation is caused a monetary unit to be not stable. Financial st...

Although the significant economic contributions of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are globally acknowledged, many Ugandan SMEs have not fully integrated ethics into their business strategies. We explored the business practices that influence ethical conduct in SMEs in Uganda. A newly developed self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from a non-probability convenience sample of 384 SME owners or managers. Management practices of Ugandan SMEs and their employees' knowledge significantly influence their ethical business conduct. SME owners and managers should brief their employees on acceptable ethical business behaviour and develop management practices to reflect their intended ethical business reputation.

The coauthors are well qualified to undertake a project of this nature. James W. Davis, a long-time professor at Ole Miss (55 years), holder of the prestigious Peery Chair in Accountancy, and former dean of the Patterson School of Accountancy (1993-2002), was the author of the first MSCPA history in 1977 (which was based on his more extensive doctoral dissertation from 1972). Davis joined the Ole Miss faculty in 1965 following two years with Arthur Andersen & Co. in Houston. He is a native of Panola County and attended public schools at Pleasant Grove and Sardis. Dr. Davis is a past president of the Mississippi Society of CPAs (1983-84), and has served numerous years on the Board of Directors and as a Trustee of the MSCPA Education Foundation. Dr. Davis received the campus-wide Elsie Hood Outstanding Teacher Award as the best teacher on the Ole Miss campus. He has also served as president and long-time board member of the University's Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society, the highest honorary organization on campus. He was the recipient of the 1993 MSCPA Outstanding Educator Award. He has attended the MSCPA annual meeting regularly throughout his more than half century membership in the MSCPA. He first served on the Society's Board of Governors in 1971. He holds bachelors (1962), masters (1963), and Ph.D. (1972) degrees from Ole Miss. Davis is a member of St. Peters Episcopal Church in Oxford. His hobbies include traveling, reading, and collecting books, including a complete collection of Ole Miss Annuals since 1897.

The study was about the impact of accounting theory and practice on performance of large scale business in Nigeria. The objective of the study was to examine the effect and usefulness of accounting theory and practice on financial performance of large firms. The research was carried out, using Coscharis Group Limited as the case study. Primary Data was collected through simple random sampling and using self-administered questionnaires for 20 respondents. Secondary Data was gotten from the company's annual reports on return on equity for the period 2014-2016. The primary and secondary data were consolidated for analysis. Multiple Linear Regression was used to analyze the data to test for the relationship between the accounting theory and practice variables (Positive Accounting Theory(PAT), Financial Reporting(FR), Auditing Practice (AP) and Budgeting) and Financial Performance(Return on Equity). Findings revealed that accounting theory and practice have significant relationship w...

Accounting as a field of scientific inquiry has evolved over time with differences in methodologies being deployed for various topics. This papers looks at the various accounting methodologies in use, how they have developed over the years and the reasons why writers seem to favour some methodologies over others.. The approach was a desk review of papers and academic works which revealed that the quantitative methodology is the most widely used in accounting research due to its wide acceptability by publishers though this pure approach inures less practicality of the findings and recommendations. The recommendation is for a close marriage between quantitative and qualitative research methodologies for accounting research papers as a means of generating greater research benefits to society and promoting which will attract support from industry in bridging the practical essence gap. It was a paper written in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the PhD in Accounting degree at the Atlantic International University

The intersection of technical breakthroughs and ethical leadership has become a pivotal point in the current corporate environment, influencing organisational dynamics and connections with stakeholders. This study article examines the difficult relationship between ethical leadership and the rapid advancement of technology, exploring how leaders effectively manage moral challenges and establish trust in an era dominated by digital innovations. In light of the transformative impact of technology on various industries and the consequent redefinition of leadership paradigms, leaders are increasingly faced with a range of ethical difficulties. These challenges arise from concerns related to data privacy, biases inherent in algorithms, and the ethical implications associated with automation. This study investigates the extension and adaptation of core values of ethical leadership, such as honesty, transparency, and empathy, in order to connect them with the requirements imposed by technology advancements.
This article underscores the lasting significance of ethical principles in driving leadership behaviours by examining important leadership theories, including transformational, servant, and genuine leadership. Real-world case studies serve as concrete examples that demonstrate the real advantages of ethical leadership in cultivating trust across a wide range of stakeholders, including employees, customers, and investors. The paper additionally provides an overview of ways that leaders might employ to successfully negotiate the complex terrain of ethical considerations presented by technical breakthroughs. The aforementioned solutions comprise the implementation of ongoing ethical training, fostering transparent communication, and the incorporation of ethical considerations into decision-making processes related to technology.

The School of Management Working Paper Series is published to circulate the results of ongoing research to a wider audience and to facilitate intellectual exchange and debate. The papers have been through a refereeing process and will subsequently be published in a revised form. Requests for permission to reproduce any article or part of the Working Paper should be sent to the publisher of this series. The School of Management, Royal Holloway University of London has over 65 academic staff who are organised into different research groups. Currently research groups include: Accounting, Finance and Economics Strategy and International Business Marketing Technology and Information Management Organisation Studies and Human Resource Management Public Services Management The School also has about 60 research students attached to the various research groups. A strong theme of research in the School is its international and comparative focus.

Este artículo tiene como propósito investigar la relación entre sociología y contabilidad, mediante la clasificación de fuentes bibliográficas y la vinculación con el objeto de determinar sus métodos y procedimientos. El planteamiento del problema se basó en los resultados obtenidos por académicos especializados en el análisis de diversas áreas del saber. El objetivo general de la investigación fue: Describir las características de la sociología de la contabilidad. Estos resultados se pueden resumir en una serie de conclusiones que se relacionan entre sí y apoyan el estudio de la interrelación entre contabilidad y sociología. La investigación planteada proporciona una nueva perspectiva sobre la relación entre las dos ciencias, por lo que es necesario incrementar los estudios sobre la sociología de la contabilidad.

The digital transformation sweeping across industries in recent years has had a significant influence on the field of accounting. This study specifically aimed to assess the impact of blockchain technology on the effectiveness of accounting practices in Nigeria. This study used a qualitative approach and the study's primary data came from the distribution of a structured questionnaire to the targeted respondents, which comprised accountants, finance analysts, and blockchain experts. The total population was 178 registered accounting firms in Nigeria as of 31 st December 2022. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 123 firms from which 3 questionnaires were distributed to each of the firms selected, totaling 369, which served as the sample size. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The overall results found that blockchain technology had a significant positive effect on the efficacy of accounting practice in Nigeria. Thus, this study recommends that accounting firms in Nigeria should consider investing in blockchain technology to improve data security, transparency, and efficiency.

AI has gained significant traction as an innovative tool for automating tasks, enhancing data analytics, and reducing the risk of errors in auditing processes. This study investigated the impact of adopting artificial intelligence (AI) on the quality of audit practice in Nigeria, focusing on data mining, machine learning, and image recognition as proxies for the independent variable. Population was 251 accounting firms in southwest Nigeria, with a sample size of 159, purposively determined. The study utilized structured questionnaires for data collection, with regression analysis, and correlation matrices adopted for the analysis. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between data mining and image recognition with the quality of audit practice in Nigeria. Machine learning, however, showed an insignificant negative relationship. This suggests that AI, particularly data mining and image recognition, can enhance audit quality in Nigeria. As a result, the study recommended that Nigerian audit professionals and firms should consider incorporating data mining techniques into their audit processes to improve effectiveness and error detection.