Papers by Khoirunnisa Khoirunnisa
Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism dan Integrity , 2025
The ASEAN Our Eyes Initiative (OEI) was established as a regional intelligence-sharing platform i... more The ASEAN Our Eyes Initiative (OEI) was established as a regional intelligence-sharing platform in response to the growing threat of cyberterrorism in Southeast Asia. As the initiator, Indonesia has demonstrated regional leadership in promoting collective security based on ASEAN’s core principles of identity, nationalism, and strategic integrity. China’s increasing involvement in OEI-related activities introduces a complex strategic dynamic. On one hand, China’s technological support and intelligence-sharing capabilities have the potential to enhance ASEAN’s cyber defense. On the other hand, dependence on external actors may undermine ASEAN’s strategic autonomy and weaken its leadership in regional security affairs. This study offers a novel contribution by critically examining the ambivalent role of China in the OEI, an aspect that remains underexplored in current defense literature. Using a qualitative approach through a structured literature review, this research analyzes academic publications, official defense policies, and intelligence-related reports to evaluate both the benefits and risks of China’s participation. The findings indicate that while China’s involvement can significantly enhance ASEAN’s operational capacity in addressing cyberterrorism, it also carries the potential to shift the regional balance of power, thereby threatening ASEAN’s identity and independence as a security actor. This leads to clear policy implications in which ASEAN, particularly Indonesia, must establish transparent and rules-based cooperation frameworks to define the boundaries of external engagement. Strengthening intra-ASEAN collaboration and investing in domestic cyber defense capabilities are essential to safeguarding the sustainability of OEI. By maintaining a careful balance between external support and regional sovereignty, OEI can continue to serve as a credible, ASEAN-driven security mechanism. This study recommends enhancing joint oversight mechanisms, legal safeguards, and internal resilience to ensure that the initiative remains rooted in the region’s foundational values of unity, autonomy, and collective integrity.
Jurnal Humaniora & Sosial Sains, 2025
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi Proyek Rethinking Plastics (2019-2022) d... more Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi Proyek Rethinking Plastics (2019-2022) di Kota Tegal dalam konteks pengelolaan sampah plastik laut dan kontribusinya terhadap pengembangan Ilmu pemerintahan dan Politik. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus, melibatkan Dinas Kelautan & Perikanan Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Tegalsari, Forum Anak Tegal Bahari (Fantri), dan pelaku usaha pengelolaan sampah di wilayah pesisir. Data dikumpulkan melalui analisis dokumen dan dianalisis menggunakan metode process tracing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun proyek berhasil menurunkan persentase sampah plastik secara signifikan pada puncak intervensi, penurunan tersebut tidak sepenuhnya dapat dikaitkan dengan proyek karena keterbatasan cakupan wilayah dan durasi pelaksanaan. Kebijakan lokal seperti pembatasan plastik sekali pakai dan peningkatan kapasitas TPS turut berperan penting. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya kolaborasi lintas sektor dan integrasi kebijakan lokal dengan inisiatif bilateral untuk keberlanjutan pengelolaan sampah plastik. Rekomendasi mencakup pembentukan forum koordinasi, pengembangan skema insentif, perluasan edukasi inklusif, serta penguatan ekonomi sirkular melalui dukungan anggaran dan pelatihan teknis. Kontribusi penelitian ini terletak pada pemahaman tentang dinamika kerja sama pemerintahan lokal dan aktor non-negara dalam pengelolaan lingkungan yang berkelanjutan.
Buku Ajar : Hukum Internasional
Universitas Airlangga Press, 2009
China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies, 2025
This study aims to provide insights into cyber threats as a new form of conflict, their regulatio... more This study aims to provide insights into cyber threats as a new form of conflict, their regulation under international law, and the potential measures that nations, particularly China, can adopt to mitigate their harmful consequences. The main research question is what challenges nations face in developing an effective international legal framework to address growing cyber threats. Employing a normative approach, the study integrates conceptual and legal analyses to answer the question. Content analysis is utilized to elaborate on the research findings. The results emphasize the importance of establishing a shared understanding of cyber threats, which are increasingly recognized by the global community as a distinct form of conflict. China’s active role in cyber operations highlights the complexities of international responses to such threats, as it often engages in cyber activities that challenge existing norms and regulations. Additionally, the study highlights the need for consistent international regulation of cyber threats, given the influence of major cyber powers like China on global cyber governance. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the significance of conducting regular cyber defense exercises, leveraging artificial intelligence to reduce the impact of cyberattacks, and fostering greater international cooperation, particularly in addressing the challenges posed by state actors. The necessity of developing a universally accepted definition of cyber threats and achieving international consensus on their interpretation within the context of international law is underscored, especially as differing perspectives, such as those from China and Western nations, complicate these discussions.
Jurnal Pemberdayaan Nusantara, Dec 30, 2023
The processing of small fish into fish sauce is an innovative process in the sustainable utilizat... more The processing of small fish into fish sauce is an innovative process in the sustainable utilization of fisheries resources. Groundfish, which is generally considered as waste fish -as it does not have high economic value, can be transformed into value-added products such as fish sauce. This study aims to explore and develop the production process of fish sauce from low-cost fish, as well as to analyse the economic potential of this low-cost fish. The research method involves the stages of selecting suitable low-cost fish, processing the fish into soy sauce raw materials, and making fish sauce through fermentation. The economic analysis involved estimating production costs, selling prices, and potential profits. The Kalibaru Subdistrict, Cilincing, North Jakarta has great potential in the development of the fisheries sector. To improve the sustainability of fisheries in this area, innovation is key. One of the potentials from the Kalibaru Subdistrict is groundfish. The processing of raw fish into fish sauce allows for a more efficient and sustainable utilization of fishery resources. The fermentation process not only increases the nutritional value of fish sauce but also provides economic sustainability for local communities. In addition, involving housewives provides a positive impact on local economic empowerment and increases awareness of the value-added potential of fishery products.
JISEA: Journal of International Studies on Energy Affairs, 2025
Human trafficking is a cross-border crime and a major
concern in the context of international rel... more Human trafficking is a cross-border crime and a major
concern in the context of international relations today.
This issue not only constitutes a serious threat to global
security, but also a specific concern for Indonesia.
Human trafficking involves not only criminal aspects, but
also significant violations of human rights and human
security. This study aims to analyze Indonesia's defense
diplomacy in addressing human trafficking cases along
the Indonesia–Malaysia border from the perspective of
international law. Using a normative legal research
method based on secondary data, this study applies the
theoretical framework of non-traditional security and
human trafficking theory. The non-traditional security
approach emphasizes that security threats today extend
beyond military issues and include transnational crimes
such as human trafficking, which threaten human dignity
and individual safety. Meanwhile, human trafficking
theory provides insights into the patterns, causes, and
dynamics of trafficking, emphasizing its nature as a
complex organized crime that spans borders. The
findings reveal that Indonesia’s defense diplomacy plays
a significant role in cross-border cooperation and
prevention strategies, particularly through the GBC
forum, where both countries' Defense Ministers agreed to
empower the police in law enforcement efforts, including
the establishment of the Joint Police Cooperation
Committee (JPCC).
Politeia : Journal of Public Administration and Political Science and International Relations, 2025
The United States' approach through the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) demonstrates the u... more The United States' approach through the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) demonstrates the use of economic diplomacy and soft balancing as strategic tools to address China's growing influence in the Indo-Pacific under the Biden administration. This research explores how the United States leverages economic collaboration within the Quad framework to counterbalance China's regional dominance without resorting to military confrontation. Adopting a qualitative descriptive method and literature review, the study applies Stephen D. Krasner's theory of international regimes in combination with the concept of economic diplomacy. The findings emphasize key initiatives such as the Quad Vaccine Partnership, the Infrastructure Coordination Group, and joint efforts on critical and emerging technologies as pivotal in offering Indo-Pacific states alternatives to economic reliance on China. These actions strengthen the US's economic and diplomatic reach and indicate a shift in foreign policy toward multilateral engagement grounded in democratic principles and openness. Nonetheless, the strategy faces obstacles, including divergent interests among Quad members and institutional limitations in policy execution. Ultimately, the economic dimension of the Quad plays a vital role in United States efforts to navigate strategic rivalry in the Indo-Pacific and may serve as a model for other regional alliances pursuing peaceful responses to geopolitical competition.
HUMANIORASAINS: Jurnal Humaniora dan Sosial Sains, 2025
Abstrak Penelitian ini meneliti pengaruh kelompok religius terhadap kebijakan LGBT di Thailand da... more Abstrak Penelitian ini meneliti pengaruh kelompok religius terhadap kebijakan LGBT di Thailand dan Indonesia dari perspektif hak asasi manusia, dengan fokus pada perbedaan implementasi kebijakan yang dipengaruhi oleh nilai-nilai keagamaan di kedua negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif-analitis. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi literatur yang mencakup jurnal akademik, dokumen hukum, dan laporan organisasi internasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Thailand, penekanan Buddhisme pada toleransi telah menghasilkan kebijakan yang relatif inklusif terhadap komunitas LGBT, meskipun diskriminasi struktural masih terjadi dalam beberapa aspek. Sebaliknya, di Indonesia, pengaruh kelompok Islam konservatif lebih dominan, menghasilkan kebijakan yang lebih restriktif terhadap komunitas LGBT dengan tekanan sosial dan politik yang signifikan. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa prinsip-prinsip hak asasi manusia belum sepenuhnya terintegrasi dalam kebijakan LGBT di kedua negara, meskipun Thailand cenderung lebih terbuka terhadap perubahan. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam memahami dinamika antara norma sosial, nilai-nilai religius konservatif, dan prinsip hak asasi manusia serta implikasinya terhadap pembentukan kebijakan terkait LGBT di dua negara dengan latar belakang budaya yang sangat berbeda.
Polinter, 2025
Separatism is a complex and sensitive issue in the context of international law and human rights.... more Separatism is a complex and sensitive issue in the context of international law and human rights. This research aims to explore the correlation between self-determination and human rights in relation to separatist movements, with a focus on the conflicts that arise between state sovereignty and international law. The article also analyzes several case studies of separatist conflicts in various regions to provide a more concrete understanding. The research methodology employed is a normative juridical approach, utilizing literature review from diverse sources such as books, online media, dissertations, and other relevant literature. The research findings confirm that self-determination is recognized as a human right in international law. This right allows ethnic, national, or regional groups to determine their own destiny, including the option of secession from an existing state and in the national law of Indonesia, the right to self-determination is interpreted in the context of regional autonomy. However, conflicts arise when the implementation of self-determination contradicts the principle of state sovereignty. The separatist movement involves complex correlations between self-determination, human rights, state sovereignty, and international law. Sustainable conflict resolution requires a balanced and comprehensive approach that recognizes and protects human rights without disregarding the principle of state sovereignty.
Global Insight Journal, 2025
Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja atau omnibus law yang disahkan pada tahun 2020 telah menimbulkan kontro... more Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja atau omnibus law yang disahkan pada tahun 2020 telah menimbulkan kontroversi di kalangan masyarakat dan pakar hukum. Salah satu aspek yang menarik perhatian adalah penghapusan korporasi sebagai pihak yang dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban pidana. Sebelumnya, korporasi dapat dipidana jika terlibat dalam kejahatan lingkungan hidup. Namun, dengan disahkannya Omnibus Law, pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi dihapuskan, kecuali dalam kasus-kasus kejahatan lingkungan hidup yang mengakibatkan kematian manusia. Penghapusan Strict Liability dalam Omnibus Law terhadap pelaku Deforestasi Masif di Indonesia dapat berdampak besar terhadap pemanasan global dan perubahan iklim. Artikel ini menganalisis dampak penghapusan pertanggungjawaban korporasi dalam tindak pidana dan pentingnya mempertimbangkan keseimbangan antara kepentingan ekonomi dan keadilan sosial. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana dampak dari penghapusan asas strict liability dalam tindak pidana perusakan hutan yang disahkan pada tahun 2020 terhadap Pemanasan Global dan Perubahan Iklim. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, dengan studi kepustakaan yang mencakup berbagai sumber seperti tulisan atau artikel ilmiah baik berupa buku, media online, disertasi maupun literatur lainnya. Penghapusan prinsip strict liability dalam omnibus law berdampak pada deforestasi yang masif di Indonesia yang berkaitan erat dengan perlindungan dan pemeliharaan lingkungan hidup. Tanpa strict liability, pembuktian kesalahan atau kelalaian dalam kasus-kasus deforestasi menjadi lebih berat. Penghapusan strict liability terhadap pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi dalam kasus-kasus deforestasi masif di Indonesia dapat berimplikasi signifikan terhadap pemanasan global dan perubahan iklim. Hal ini dapat mengurangi efek jera, mempersulit pertanggungjawaban korporasi, dan menghambat upaya perlindungan lingkungan hidup.
Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 2025
The increasing presence of foreign fighters in the armed conflict in Ukraine has posed significan... more The increasing presence of foreign fighters in the armed conflict in Ukraine has posed significant challenges to the application of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). These foreign fighters, often motivated by political, ideological, or religious reasons, do not neatly fit into traditional legal categories such as lawful combatants, civilians, or mercenaries. Their involvement on both sides of the conflict between those supporting either Ukrainian forces or Russian-backed groups, presents a complex issue that requires careful consideration within the context of IHL, which currently lacks clear provisions for addressing their legal status. This study focuses on the research question: Does the involvement of foreign fighters in the armed conflict in Ukraine comply with the principles of International Humanitarian Law? This issue is particularly important as it exposes significant gaps in IHL, revealing its inability to adequately address the complexities of modern armed conflicts involving nonstate actors. Employing a juridical-normative approach, this study examines the application of IHL to foreign fighters in the Russia-Ukraine conflict, focusing on their rights, responsibilities, and accountability. The findings show that IHL lacks specific provisions to regulate the legal status of foreign fighters, relying instead on general human rights principles that fail to address their unique circumstances. This creates a legal vacuum, undermining both their protection and the enforcement of accountability for violations. The study concludes that targeted reforms in IHL are urgently needed to establish clear legal standards for the classification, protection, and prosecution of foreign fighters, thereby strengthening the overall humanitarian framework for contemporary armed conflicts.
Jurnal Humaniora & Sosial Sains, 2025
Cyberbullying adalah bentuk intimidasi yang dilakukan melalui media sosial, seiring meningkatnya ... more Cyberbullying adalah bentuk intimidasi yang dilakukan melalui media sosial, seiring meningkatnya penggunaan teknologi dan media sosial. Fenomena ini berdampak serius pada psikologis korban. Penelitian ini mengkaji cyberbullying dari perspektif hukum dan etika komunikasi, dengan menyadari bahwa regulasi yang ada seringkali kurang efektif menangani kasus ini. Penggunaan media sosial secara etis sangat penting, tidak hanya untuk menjaga martabat diri dan orang lain tetapi juga mencegah dampak negatif dan komplikasi hukum. Penelitian ini menganalisis peran media sosial dalam fenomena cyberbullying serta aspek hukum dan etika komunikasi dalam pengaturannya di Indonesia. Dengan metode yuridis normatif dan pendekatan legislatif, penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cyberbullying terjadi akibat kurangnya kesadaran etis dalam penggunaan media sosial. Diperlukan regulasi yang lebih tegas dan spesifik untuk meningkatkan penanganan kasus, melindungi korban, dan menciptakan lingkungan daring yang lebih aman dan bermartabat.
KAMI MENGABDI
Pertumbuhan manusia yang semakin pesat membuat kebutuhan hidup semakin meningkat yang pastinya ju... more Pertumbuhan manusia yang semakin pesat membuat kebutuhan hidup semakin meningkat yang pastinya juga mengakibatkan kebergantungan terhadap lingkungan semakin tinggi. Populasi manusia yang semakin bertambah tentunya membutuhkan semakin banyak sumber air bersih. Kebutuhan manusia atas ketersediaan air bersih membuka peluang bagi pelaku ekonomi untuk memproduksi air minum dalam kemasan. Masyarakat pun menjadi bergantung dengan air minum kemasan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif, yaitu suatu metode yang dapat memberikan gambaran tentang suatu fenomena atau gejala dari suatu situasi tertentu ditinjau dari kondisi sosial, sikap, opini dan berbagai aspek yang berbeda. Penulis menggunakan metode penulisan studi literatur. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan dan penulisan ini dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data atau informasi tertulis dari berbagai buku, jurnal, dan artikel di internet yang dapat mendukung kegiatan dalam pelaksanaan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh mahasi...
PANDAWA : Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat
Program pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan produk kesehatan berupa masker kepad... more Program pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan produk kesehatan berupa masker kepada anak-anak dalam kegiatan vaksinasi anak di RPTRA Sunter Jaya Berseri, Kelurahan Sunter Jaya, Jakarta Utara. Pemberian masker secara gratis kepada anak-anak yang melakukan vaksinasi dalam rangka untuk memberikan proteksi agar mereka tetap aman ketika kegiatan tersebut berlangsung.Kelurahan Sunter Jaya dipilih karena merupakan salah satu kelurahan terpadat di Kawasan Jakarta Utara serta menjadi Kawasan dengan paparan covid-19 tertinggi. Hasil dari kegiatan ini berupa pembagian produk masker dan juga sosialisasi protokol Kesehatan kepada anak-anak dan juga orang tua yang berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan tersebut. Tantangan dalam kegiatan ini yaitu partisipasi dan informasi yang masih kurang dari masyarakat dalam hal ini adalah anak-anak dan orang tua yang menjadi obyek dalam kegiatan vaksinasi
JURNAL POLINTER : KAJIAN POLITIK DAN HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL
This research takes the theme of the efforts made by the Government of Indonesia in overcoming th... more This research takes the theme of the efforts made by the Government of Indonesia in overcoming the problem of Human Trafficking in 2006-2018 against Indonesian Migrant Workers in Malaysia through multi track diplomacy. These efforts were carried out both on the basis of initiatives from the Government of Indonesia itself and the wishes of both parties manifested in the form of bilateral cooperation. However, in the process of its realization, several obstacles were encountered that impeded the efforts made, the obstacles encountered were both from within Indonesia and also inseparable from its collaborative partner, namely Malaysia. In this paper the writer question about how the efforts made by the Government of Indonesia in overcoming the problem of Human Trafficking in 2006-2018 against Migrant Workers who are in Malaysia. In answering the research questions the writer used the theory of Human Security, Human Trafficking, Bilateral Cooperation and also Multi Track Diplomacy. In t...
BERDIKARI
ABSTRAKKematian yang disebabkan oleh kanker payudara menduduki urutan kedua di antara jenis kanke... more ABSTRAKKematian yang disebabkan oleh kanker payudara menduduki urutan kedua di antara jenis kanker lainnya. Perempuan memiliki risiko yang sangat besar untuk terjangkit kanker payudara. Penanganan kasus kanker payudara akan lebih efektif jika penyakit tersebut terdeteksi sejak dini melalui metode SADARI (Periksa Payudara Sendiri). Namun demikian, masih banyak perempuan yang belum pernah melakukan metode SADARI untuk mendeteksi gejala kanker payudara. Penyebab utama kondisi tersebut adalah kurangnya pengetahuan, tingkat pendidikan, dan informasi tentang metode SADARI. Kegiatan pengabdian masayarakat ini bekerja sama dengan Puskesmas Kecamatan Tanjung Priuk yang mengundang kader-kader puskesmas di wilayah Puskesmas Kecamatan Tanjung Priuk. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pelatihan dan edukasi kepada masyarakat tentang penggunaan aplikasi web Breast-Self Examination (BSE) System untuk mendeteksi gejala kanker payudara secara mandiri. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat ini menunjukkan ...
PROMEDIA (PUBLIC RELATION DAN MEDIA KOMUNIKASI), 2021
In 2020, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (Kemendikbudristek) of the ... more In 2020, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (Kemendikbudristek) of the Republic of Indonesia (R.I) launched the Freedom to Learn-Independent Campus (MBKM). The University of 17 August 1945 Jakarta is committed to implementing MBKM programs. This study is the first study to discuss the effect of the MBKM policy socialization on the success of MBKM implementation. This study aims to determine whether the online socialization of MBKM policies at UTA '45 Jakarta has an effect on the successful implementation of MBKM programs at UTA '45 Jakarta. The method used is a quantitative method. The results showed that the socialization of MBKM policy at UTA '45 Jakarta influenced the success of MBKM implementation at UTA '45 Jakarta.Keywords: Socialization, policy implementation, MBKM
GLOBAL INSIGHT JOURNAL, 2018
The concept of human security is related to components that can not be replaced if the components... more The concept of human security is related to components that can not be replaced if the components are lost. Aside that the assessment of human security (especially for human trafficking cases) tends to be subjective so that parameters are difficult to determine universally. Citizens as an object must be protected by every states. But each states has their own interest on profits that will be obtained as foreign exchange. Therefore, this paper will describe the problem of human trafficking in Thailand, which is difficult to deal with by states even though they have joint regulations. It cause by the difference of national interests. Although the community have the principle of non-intervention.Keywords: human security, human trafficking, national interests.
KAIBON ABHINAYA : JURNAL PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT, 2019
Masyarakat yang tinggal di pesisir Kalibaru rata-rata bekerja sebagai nelayan. Sebagian besar dar... more Masyarakat yang tinggal di pesisir Kalibaru rata-rata bekerja sebagai nelayan. Sebagian besar dari mereka adalah nelayan tradisional yang memiliki penghasilan yang kurang memadai untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Kondisi alam berupa perubahan cuaca/iklim yang tidak menentu seperti saat ini, membuat mereka harus mencari alternatif untuk mendapatkan penghasilan tambahan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan keluarga sehari-hari. Seperti yang dilakukan seorang ibu bernama Ipah, yang membuat satu kelompok kerja (yang terdiri dari 5 orang) untuk membantu suami mereka dalam mendapatkan penghasilan tambahan,usaha yang dibuat adalah memproduksi makanan ringan berupa Kerupuk Kerang Hijau.Namun mengingat peralatan yang digunakan untuk memproduksi Kerupuk Kerang Hijau tersebut masih sangat sederhana dan sangat terbatas baik dari permodalan, kelengkapan peralatan, serta pemasarannya ,sehingga produk krupuk yang dihasilkan belum mampu berkembang dengan baik apalagi berkembang pesat. Untuk itu maka perlu dil...
GLOBAL INSIGHT JOURNAL, 2019
ABSTRACTWildlife trade is a wild trade in protected animals without regard to the existing rules.... more ABSTRACTWildlife trade is a wild trade in protected animals without regard to the existing rules. Some people are still buying and selling animals protected illegally, both buying and selling transactions that are alive to be maintained , or in the form of animals that have been preseerved. In fact, the trade in these animals has caused considerable losses for Indonesia. This wildlife trade cae is not carried out only by individuals but there is an organized as consumers of every product from wild animals. Therefore one of the efforts made by Indonesia is to conduct various international collaborations, because in responding to the case of wildlife trade, it is not enough only from law enforcement, and involving more than one country, international coopeeration is needed.The research method that writer used is a qualitative method with a descriptive type of research approach that is by describing phenomenas that occur to find out the efforts of the Indonesia government in handling t...
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Papers by Khoirunnisa Khoirunnisa
concern in the context of international relations today.
This issue not only constitutes a serious threat to global
security, but also a specific concern for Indonesia.
Human trafficking involves not only criminal aspects, but
also significant violations of human rights and human
security. This study aims to analyze Indonesia's defense
diplomacy in addressing human trafficking cases along
the Indonesia–Malaysia border from the perspective of
international law. Using a normative legal research
method based on secondary data, this study applies the
theoretical framework of non-traditional security and
human trafficking theory. The non-traditional security
approach emphasizes that security threats today extend
beyond military issues and include transnational crimes
such as human trafficking, which threaten human dignity
and individual safety. Meanwhile, human trafficking
theory provides insights into the patterns, causes, and
dynamics of trafficking, emphasizing its nature as a
complex organized crime that spans borders. The
findings reveal that Indonesia’s defense diplomacy plays
a significant role in cross-border cooperation and
prevention strategies, particularly through the GBC
forum, where both countries' Defense Ministers agreed to
empower the police in law enforcement efforts, including
the establishment of the Joint Police Cooperation
Committee (JPCC).