EP3921592B1 - Projectile having a caliber of less than 13 mm and system for tracking a projectile - Google Patents

Projectile having a caliber of less than 13 mm and system for tracking a projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3921592B1
EP3921592B1 EP20704230.0A EP20704230A EP3921592B1 EP 3921592 B1 EP3921592 B1 EP 3921592B1 EP 20704230 A EP20704230 A EP 20704230A EP 3921592 B1 EP3921592 B1 EP 3921592B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
position transmitter
transmitter
energy source
cavity
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP20704230.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3921592A1 (en
Inventor
Martin Klaumünzer
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RWS GmbH
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RWS GmbH
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Publication of EP3921592A1 publication Critical patent/EP3921592A1/en
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Publication of EP3921592B1 publication Critical patent/EP3921592B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/365—Projectiles transmitting information to a remote location using optical or electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/40—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of target-marking, i.e. impact-indicating type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B30/00—Projectiles or missiles, not otherwise provided for, characterised by the ammunition class or type, e.g. by the launching apparatus or weapon used
    • F42B30/02—Bullets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a projectile with a caliber of less than 13 mm. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a system for tracking such a projectile.
  • Digitally trackable ammunition is known for large-caliber applications, but with the aim of directing and/or controlling the large-caliber projectile after it has been fired.
  • the large-caliber projectile ignites, destroying it and its electronics.
  • the large dimensions of large-caliber ammunition make it possible to accommodate the electronics required for digital tracking of the projectile, such as a position transmitter and a power source, in the projectile.
  • electronics integrated into the projectile do not yet exist. Furthermore, there is currently no solution in which the electronics remain intact after the projectile has hit a target.
  • a projectile with a caliber of less than 13 mm, preferably about 12.7 mm, less than 12 mm, 11 mm, 10 mm, 9 mm, 8 mm, 7 mm or less than 6 mm is provided.
  • the caliber is generally a measure of the outer diameter of a projectile and/or the inner diameter of a barrel of a firearm.
  • the projectile comprises a projectile casing, preferably made of metal, metal alloys, for example comprising steel, brass, copper, lead, or the like.
  • the projectile casing can determine the external shape of the projectile.
  • the projectile casing can extend along a longitudinal axis of the projectile and/or be constructed rotationally symmetrically with respect to a central axis of the projectile.
  • the projectile casing defines a hollow space in its interior. This means that the projectile casing can be partially hollow.
  • a position transmitter is arranged in the cavity. This allows the position of the projectile to be tracked after it has been fired.
  • the position transmitter can be designed to send out position signals that can be detected, for example, by a position signal receiver.
  • Telemetry transmitters can be used. Telemetry or remote measurement can generally be the transmission of signals from a signal transmitter located at any location to a spatially separate location, in particular where the transmitted signals can be collected, recorded and/or evaluated.
  • the position transmitter can be an RFID transponder ("radio-frequency identification").
  • RFID transponders differ, for example, according to the transmission frequency, although according to the present invention there are no restrictions in this regard.
  • the structure of an RFID transponder can, for example, be as follows: be constructed: an antenna, at least one circuit for receiving and transmitting (transceiver), such as a microcontroller, and a memory which preferably unchangeable identity of the projectile.
  • the position transmitter is a GPS transmitter ("Global Positioning System").
  • the global positioning system is a global navigation satellite system for position determination, i.e. a system for determining positions on earth and in the air by receiving signals from navigation satellites and/or pseudolites.
  • GPS-based solutions can be considered in which the position transmitter itself does not send out position signals, but is implemented as a GPS receiver that receives radio waves of the GPS system, for example from the satellite or pseudolite, and thus the position determination and tracking takes place via a travel time and distance determination or measurement in relation to the transmitter.
  • any other type of position transmitter is included in the disclosure content of the present application which is suitable for the purpose according to the invention, in particular the requirements for transmission ranges in the kilometer range or globally, dimensioning and transmission power in order to be accommodated in the projectile casing cavity and enable position detection.
  • the projectile casing has a transmission section, preferably made of plastic, at least in sections along a longitudinal direction of the projectile, which is characterized by increased permeability for signals, in particular electromagnetic waves, compared to the rest of the projectile casing.
  • the position transmitter can, for example, be assigned to the transmission section and/or arranged adjacent to the transmission section in the cavity in such a way that the position signals transmitted by the position transmitter reach the outside via the transmission section.
  • the projectile casing serves as a device for emitting and/or receiving electromagnetic waves, in particular as a transmitting and/or receiving antenna.
  • a contact is established between the position transmitter and the projectile casing, for example by means of a cable.
  • the position transmitter can, for example, have an output contact which is coupled to an input contact of the projectile casing, in particular such that the position signals generated by the position transmitter are transmitted outwards, in particular in the form of free space waves, by means of the projectile casing are emitted.
  • the position signals are essentially transmitted and/or received exclusively via the coupling between the position transmitter and the projectile casing.
  • the position transmitter is insulated/shielded against the emission of position signals, such as electromagnetic waves, except for the coupling with the projectile casing.
  • the position transmitter has a passive state in which the position transmitter does not send out any position signals.
  • the passive state is a de-energized state in which the position transmitter does not receive any energy, in particular is not powered.
  • the position transmitter also has an active state in which the position transmitter sends out position signals. In the active state, the position transmitter is powered, in particular is supplied with energy.
  • the position transmitter can be powered, i.e. powered, both in the passive state and in the active state, wherein a switch can be provided for changing between the active and passive states. Switching from the passive state to the active state can be referred to as activating the position transmitter and switching from the active state to the passive state can be referred to as deactivating the position transmitter.
  • the position transmitter switches from the passive state to the active state immediately before or immediately after the firearm is fired.
  • position tracking may only be necessary once the projectile has left the firearm, i.e. after the firearm has been fired.
  • the position transmitter is supplied with electrical energy immediately before or immediately after the firearm is fired.
  • an energy source for supplying power to the position transmitter is arranged in the cavity.
  • the energy source can be, for example, an electric battery, in particular a Button cell.
  • a button cell is generally an electrochemical cell, for example with a round cross-section, the height of which is smaller than the diameter, and which preferably delivers voltages between 1.35 and 3.6 volts.
  • the small dimensions and sufficient voltage output of button cells enable them to be used in the cavity of a bullet casing of a projectile according to the invention.
  • Button cells can be differentiated depending on the electrode material, silver oxide, mercury oxide or lithium.
  • the energy source is free of electrical contact with the position transmitter in the passive state and is in electrical contact with the position transmitter in the active state.
  • the position transmitter in particular the RFID transponder, is supplied with power by an external energy source.
  • the position transmitter can be powered from the outside by the external energy source with high-frequency radio waves. This can be achieved by exposing the RFID transponder to a high-frequency electromagnetic alternating field which contains high-frequency energy that is used to power the RFID transponder.
  • the position transmitter and, if applicable, the energy source is/are arranged in the projectile casing cavity in such a way that the position transmitter and, if applicable, the energy source remain intact after the projectile has impacted a target.
  • the behavior of the projectile during or after the projectile has impacted the target can be referred to as terminal ballistics or target ballistics.
  • the projectile has suitable terminal ballistics that allow the position transmitter to continue to send position signals to enable tracking of the projectile even after the projectile has impacted the target. The inventors of the present invention have found that this can be achieved by suitably arranging the position transmitter and, if applicable, the energy source in the cavity and/or dimensioning the projectile casing.
  • knowledge of the deformation behavior of the projectile in particular the bullet jacket, can be used to dimension the bullet jacket accordingly and/or to arrange the position transmitter and, if necessary, the energy source accordingly in the cavity.
  • the bullet jacket is designed in such a way dimensioned so that the impact and deformation energy generated when the projectile hits the target is specifically dissipated in areas where the position transmitter and, if applicable, the energy source are not located.
  • the projectile jacket has an ogive section 5 on the bow side and a rear section 7 opposite the ogive section 5. It can be provided that the position transmitter is accommodated in the cavity on the rear side and the energy source is accommodated in the cavity on the bow side.
  • a bow-side ogive section 5 of the projectile casing is designed to absorb, in particular to absorb, the majority of the impact and deformation energy resulting from the impact of the projectile on the target, preferably at least 50%, 60%, 70% or at least 80%.
  • the ogive section 5 comprises an absorber, preferably manufactured separately from the projectile casing, for absorbing the impact and deformation energy. It can also be provided that the impact and deformation energy is transferred to a rear section 7 opposite the ogive section 5 in such a way that a base body of the projectile casing connecting the ogive section 5 to the rear section 7 remains substantially intact.
  • the ogive section 5, the rear section 7 and the base body are manufactured from one piece, preferably from metal.
  • the electronics arranged in the cavity i.e. the position transmitter and possibly the energy source, remain intact, so that the position transmitter can send position signals for tracking even after the projectile has hit the target.
  • the absorber can, for example, be implemented as a layered structure or as a sandwich structure and/or consist of a sequence of at least two layers, preferably made of metal, of different densities and/or different expansion coefficients. This allows the impact and deformation energy to be advantageously absorbed, in particular absorbed and/or dissipated.
  • an electrical insulator is arranged between the position transmitter and the energy source to temporarily prevent electrical contact.
  • the electrical insulator prevents electrical contact in the passive state of the position transmitter, in particular the electrical insulator ensures the passive state.
  • the electrical insulator arranged in such a way that the position transmitter is activated when the insulator is removed. This ensures that the position transmitter is only switched to the active state/activated at a specific point in time.
  • the insulator should be removed immediately before or immediately after the firearm is fired. It can also be provided that the heat generated when the firearm is fired causes the electrical insulator to dissolve, preferably melt, preferably in order to establish electrical contact between the energy source and the position transmitter and/or to activate the position transmitter.
  • the position transmitter and the energy source are arranged at a distance from one another such that when the projectile impacts a target, the impact and deformation energy causes a bow-side deformation of the projectile casing, in particular the ogive section 5, due to which the electrical contact between the position transmitter and the energy source is established.
  • the position transmitter is activated when the projectile impacts a target, so that the position of the projectile can be determined from the time of impact.
  • the position transmitter is separated from the energy source by a compartment wall that divides the cavity into two compartments, in particular made from one piece with the projectile casing.
  • the compartment wall can ensure the passive state of the position transmitter, in particular prevent electrical contact between the position transmitter and the energy source.
  • the compartment wall is designed to deform, in particular destroy, when the projectile impacts a target in such a way that electrical contact is established between the position transmitter and the energy source.
  • the compartment wall can be dimensioned in such a way that the impact and deformation energy resulting from the impact of the projectile on the target, which is transferred from a bow-side ogive section 5 via the projectile casing into the compartment wall, causes the compartment wall to deform, in particular destroy, the compartment wall.
  • a bow-side ogive section 5 of the projectile jacket comprises an applicator, preferably made of metal, such as lead, steel, copper, or the like, which, when the projectile hits a target, presses the position transmitter in the direction of the energy source or the energy source in the direction of the position transmitter to establish the electrical contact.
  • the applicator consists of a different material, in particular of a different density and/or different expansion coefficient, than the material of the projectile jacket.
  • the applicator can press the position transmitter in the direction of the energy source or the energy source in the direction of the position transmitter, deforming, preferably destroying, the compartment wall.
  • the position transmitter and/or the energy source are/is arranged loosely in the cavity in such a way that acceleration forces occurring when the firearm is fired and acting on the projectile cause the position transmitter to come into electrical contact with the energy source.
  • Loosely arranged can mean, for example, that no fastening, in particular axial fastening in the longitudinal direction of the projectile, is provided for the energy source and/or the position transmitter.
  • loosely arranged can mean that the cavity of the projectile casing is incorporated with a holding device for holding the energy source and/or the position transmitter in such a way that before the firearm is fired, the energy source and/or the position transmitter is essentially fastened to the projectile casing and after the firearm is fired, the energy source and/or the position transmitter are released from the holding device in order to be able to establish electrical contact.
  • the holding device can be overcome, for example destroyed, due to the acceleration forces acting on the projectile.
  • acceleration forces occurring when the firearm is fired and acting on the projectile cause the position transmitter and/or the energy source to move in the direction of the other in order to establish electrical contact.
  • a system for tracking a projectile with a caliber of less than 13 mm comprises a projectile which is designed according to one of the previously described embodiments of the invention, and a position signal receiver for receiving the position signals emitted by the position transmitter of the projectile. It can be provided that, depending on the position transmitter used, a corresponding position signal receiver is used which is set up to receive, process and/or evaluate the position signals emitted by the position transmitter. Furthermore the position signal receiver can have suitable software, which can be implemented depending on the field of application of the system according to the invention.
  • the projectile 1 has a projectile jacket 3 which essentially determines the external shape of the projectile 1.
  • the projectile jacket 3 extends along a projectile longitudinal axis L and is essentially rotationally symmetrical with respect to this.
  • the projectile 1 or the projectile jacket 3 is essentially divided into three sections, preferably made from one piece, in particular metal: a rear-side rear section 7, a bow-side ogive section 5 and a base body 9 connecting the rear section 7 to the ogive section 5.
  • the rear section 7 is largely made from solid material, preferably metal, and forms a rear surface 11 on the rear side which is oriented essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L of the projectile, from which a projectile rear jacket surface 13 oriented obliquely to the longitudinal axis L of the projectile extends in the direction of the projectile bow.
  • the projectile rear surface 13 merges in the longitudinal direction L of the projectile into the base body 9, which has an essentially constant cross-sectional shape with a constant wall thickness.
  • the base body 9 opens into the ogive section 5 on the bow side, which has a circumferential projectile bow surface 17 curving towards a projectile tip 15.
  • the projectile jacket 3 defines a cavity 19 in its interior, which extends in the longitudinal direction L of the projectile over at least 50% of a dimension of the projectile 1 in Projectile longitudinal direction L, preferably at least 60% or at least 70%.
  • a position transmitter 21 is accommodated in the cavity 19, which is designed to emit position signals so that the position of the projectile 1 can be tracked.
  • a position signal receiver 23 for receiving the position signals transmitted by the position transmitter 21 to form a system 100 according to the invention for tracking a projectile 1.
  • an energy source 25 which can be a button cell for example, is housed in the cavity 19 for supplying the position transmitter 21 with energy.
  • an electrical insulator 27 is arranged between the position transmitter 19 and the energy source 25 to temporarily prevent electrical contact between the position transmitter 19 and the energy source 25.
  • the electrical insulator 27 prevents electrical contact in the passive state of the position transmitter 19.
  • the electrical insulator 27 must be removed. This can be achieved, for example, by manually pulling the insulator 27 out of the cavity 19.
  • the bullet casing 3 has an opening 29 from which the insulator 27 partially protrudes in order to be grasped by a user in order to pull the insulator 27 out of the interior 19 via the opening 29. This can ensure that the position transmitter 19 is only switched to the active state/activated at a certain point in time, preferably immediately before the firearm (not shown in detail) is fired.
  • the ogive section 5 of the projectile jacket 3 comprises an absorber 31, 32, preferably manufactured separately from the projectile jacket, for absorbing in particular the majority, preferably at least 50%, 60%, 70% or at least 80%, of the impact and deformation energy resulting from the impact of the projectile 1 on the target.
  • the absorber 31, 32 can transfer the impact and deformation energy into the tail section 7 in such a way that the base body 9 and above all the electronics arranged in the cavity 19, i.e. the position transmitter 21 and the energy source 25, remain essentially intact.
  • the absorber 31, 32 can comprise a layer structure or a sandwich structure.
  • a sequence of layers/plys arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction L of the floor can be provided, wherein, for example, a sequence of metal layers of different densities and/or different expansion coefficients can be provided.
  • the absorber 31, 32 is realized as a sequence of an absorption layer 31 and an absorption layer 32, wherein the absorption layer 32 has a different density and/or a different expansion coefficient compared to the absorption layer 31.
  • the position transmitter 21 and the energy source 25 are arranged at a distance from each other with respect to the longitudinal direction L of the projectile.
  • the distance is achieved by a compartment wall 33, which is made in particular from one piece with the projectile casing 3 and divides the cavity 19 into a rear compartment 35 and a bow compartment 37. It can be seen that the position transmitter 21 is arranged in the rear compartment 35 and the energy source 25 is arranged in the bow compartment 37.
  • the compartment wall 33 can, for example, be made entirely of solid material or, for example, have a through-opening 39 approximately in the middle.
  • the passive state of the position transmitter 19 can be ensured by the compartment wall 33, in particular the electrical contact between the position transmitter 19 and the energy source 25 can be prevented.
  • the compartment wall 33 deforms. such that the electrical contact is established between the position transmitter 19 and the energy source 25.
  • the impact and deformation energy transferred from the ogive section 5 via the projectile jacket 3 into the compartment wall 33 when the projectile 1 impacts the target can cause a deformation, in particular destruction, of the compartment wall 33, so that an electrical contact is established between the position transmitter 21 and the energy source 25, for example by moving the position transmitter 21 and the energy source 25 towards each other in the longitudinal direction L of the projectile.
  • the ogive section 5 comprises an applicator 41, which is preferably manufactured separately from the projectile casing 3.
  • the applicator 41 presses the energy source 25 essentially in the longitudinal direction L of the projectile in the direction of the position transmitter 21 to establish the electrical contact. This can take place with deformation, preferably destruction, of the compartment wall 33.
  • the position signal receiver 23 can be selected depending on the position transmitter 21 used in order to receive, process and/or evaluate the position signals transmitted by the position transmitter 21. Furthermore, the position signal receiver 23 can have software (not shown in detail) which can be implemented depending on the area of application of the system 100 according to the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Geschoss mit einem Kaliber von weniger als 13 mm. Ferner betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein System zum Nachverfolgen eines derartigen Geschosses.The present invention relates to a projectile with a caliber of less than 13 mm. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a system for tracking such a projectile.

Beim jagdlichen Einsatz von Schusswaffen ist es notwendig, das angeschossene Tier aufzufinden. Dies kann durch verschiedene Umstände erschwert werden. Beispielsweise kann es vorkommen, dass kein ausgebildeter Schweißhund zur Verfügung steht oder ein non-letaler Anschuss zum Beispiel in der Dämmerung angetragen wird, sodass ein nachträgliches Suchen des verletzten Tieres unmöglich ist. Im jagdlichen Einsatz besteht daher ein allgemeiner Bedarf, das Auffinden von angeschossenen Tieren, ob tot oder lebendig, zu erleichtern.When using firearms for hunting, it is necessary to find the wounded animal. This can be made difficult by various circumstances. For example, it may happen that no trained tracking dog is available or that a non-lethal shot is taken at dusk, for example, making it impossible to search for the injured animal afterwards. In hunting, there is therefore a general need to make it easier to find wounded animals, whether dead or alive.

Im militärisch-behördlichen Einsatz kann es erforderlich sein, ein Ziel zu markieren, um dessen Position verfolgen und/oder Bewegungsprofile generieren zu können.In military-government applications, it may be necessary to mark a target in order to track its position and/or generate movement profiles.

Bei Großkaliber-Anwendungen ist digital-verfolgungsfähige Munition bekannt, allerdings mit dem Ziel, das Großkaliber-Geschoss nach dem Abschuss zu lenken und/oder zu steuern. Beim Auftreffen des Geschosses auf ein Ziel zündet das Großkaliber-Geschoss, sodass es samt dessen Elektronik zerstört wird. Die große Dimension der Großkaliber-Munition ermöglicht es, die für die digitale Nachverfolgung des Geschosses erforderliche Elektronik, wie einen Positionssender und eine Energiequelle, in dem Geschoss unterzubringen. Im Bereich der Kleinkaliber-Munition existiert eine in das Geschoss integrierte Elektronik bisher nicht. Des Weiteren existiert bislang keine Lösung, bei der die Elektronik nach dem Auftreffen des Geschosses auf ein Ziel intakt bleibt.Digitally trackable ammunition is known for large-caliber applications, but with the aim of directing and/or controlling the large-caliber projectile after it has been fired. When the projectile hits a target, the large-caliber projectile ignites, destroying it and its electronics. The large dimensions of large-caliber ammunition make it possible to accommodate the electronics required for digital tracking of the projectile, such as a position transmitter and a power source, in the projectile. In the area of small-caliber ammunition, electronics integrated into the projectile do not yet exist. Furthermore, there is currently no solution in which the electronics remain intact after the projectile has hit a target.

Aus DE 10 2012 022894 A1 ist eine Geschossanordnung, insbesondere ein Flintenlaufgeschoss mit Transponder zur Kennung bekannt.Out of DE 10 2012 022894 A1 A projectile arrangement, in particular a shotgun bullet with a transponder for identification, is known.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, die Nachteile aus dem bekannten Stand der Technik zu verbessern, insbesondere ein Geschoss mit einem Kaliber von weniger als 13 mm und ein System zum Nachverfolgen eines derartigen Geschosses bereitzustellen, dessen Position nach dem Abfeuern der Schusswaffe nachverfolgbar ist.It is an object of the present invention to improve the disadvantages of the known prior art, in particular to provide a projectile with a caliber of less than 13 mm and a system for tracking such a projectile, the position of which can be tracked after the firearm has been fired.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale von Anspruch 1 bzw. 3 gelöst. Danach ist ein Geschoss mit einem Kaliber von weniger als 13 mm, vorzugsweise etwa 12,7 mm, weniger als 12 mm, 11 mm, 10 mm, 9 mm, 8 mm, 7 mm oder weniger als 6 mm, bereitgestellt. Das Kaliber ist im Allgemeinen ein Maß für den Außendurchmesser eines Geschosses und/oder den Innendurchmesser eines Laufes einer Schusswaffe.This object is achieved by the features of claim 1 or 3. According to this, a projectile with a caliber of less than 13 mm, preferably about 12.7 mm, less than 12 mm, 11 mm, 10 mm, 9 mm, 8 mm, 7 mm or less than 6 mm is provided. The caliber is generally a measure of the outer diameter of a projectile and/or the inner diameter of a barrel of a firearm.

Das Geschoss umfasst einen Geschossmantel vorzugsweise aus Metall, Metall-Legierungen, Beispielsweise umfassend Stahl, Messing, Kupfer, Blei, oder dergleichen. Der Geschossmantel kann die äußere Form des Geschosses festlegen. Ferner kann der Geschossmantel sich entlang einer Geschosslängsachse erstrecken und/oder rotationssymmetrisch bezüglich einer Mittelachse des Geschosses aufgebaut sein. Der Geschossmantel begrenzt in seinem Inneren einen Hohlraum. Dies bedeutet, dass der Geschossmantel teilweise hohl ausgestaltet sein kann.The projectile comprises a projectile casing, preferably made of metal, metal alloys, for example comprising steel, brass, copper, lead, or the like. The projectile casing can determine the external shape of the projectile. Furthermore, the projectile casing can extend along a longitudinal axis of the projectile and/or be constructed rotationally symmetrically with respect to a central axis of the projectile. The projectile casing defines a hollow space in its interior. This means that the projectile casing can be partially hollow.

Erfindungsgemäß ist in dem Hohlraum ein Positionssender angeordnet. Damit ist die Position des Geschosses nach dessen Abschluss nachverfolgbar. Der Positionssender kann dazu ausgebildet sein, Positionssignale auszusenden, die beispielsweise von einem Positionssignalempfänger erfasst werden können.According to the invention, a position transmitter is arranged in the cavity. This allows the position of the projectile to be tracked after it has been fired. The position transmitter can be designed to send out position signals that can be detected, for example, by a position signal receiver.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der vorliegenden Erfindung können Telemetriesender eingesetzt werden. Als Telemetrie oder Fernmessung kann im Allgemeinen die Übertragung von Signalen eines an einem beliebigen Ort sich befindenden Signalgebers zu einem räumlich getrennten Ort, insbesondere an dem die übertragenen Signale gesammelt, aufgezeichnet und/oder ausgewertet werden können. Beispielsweise kann der Positionssender ein RFID-Transponder ("radio-frequency identification") sein. RFID-Transponder unterscheiden sich beispielsweise nach der Übertragungsfrequenz, wobei gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung diesbezüglich keine Beschränkungen bestehen. Der Aufbau eines RFID-Transponders kann beispielsweise wie folgt aufgebaut sein: eine Antenne, wenigstens ein Schaltkreis zum Empfangen und Senden (Transceiver), wie ein Mikrocontroller, und ein Speicher, der die vorzugsweise unveränderliche Identität des Geschosses enthält. Des Weiteren ist es möglich, dass der Positionssender ein GPS-Sender ist ("Global Positioning System"). Das globale Positionsbestimmungssystem ist ein globales Navigationssatellitensystem zur Positionsbestimmung, also ein System zur Positionsbestimmung auf der Erde und in der Luft durch den Empfang von Signalen von Navigationssatelliten und/oder Pseudoliten. Des Weiteren können GPS-basierte Lösungen angedacht sein, bei denen der Positionssender selbst keine Positionssignale aussendet, sondern als GPS-Empfänger realisiert ist, der Funkwellen des GPS-Systems beispielsweise von dem Satelliten oder Pseudoliten empfängt und damit die Positionsbestimmung und -verfolgung über eine Laufzeit- und Distanzbestimmung bzw. -messung in Bezug auf den Sender erfolgt. Es sei klar, dass jegliche weitere Art bzw. Typ Positionssender in den Offenbarungsgehalt der vorliegenden Anmeldung mit inbegriffen ist, der für den erfindungsgemäßen Zweck geeignet ist, insbesondere die Anforderungen an Sendereichweiten im Kilometerbereich bzw. global, Dimensionierung und Sendestärke, um in dem Geschossmantelhohlraum untergebracht zu werden und eine Positionserfassung ermöglicht.According to a further development of the present invention, telemetry transmitters can be used. Telemetry or remote measurement can generally be the transmission of signals from a signal transmitter located at any location to a spatially separate location, in particular where the transmitted signals can be collected, recorded and/or evaluated. For example, the position transmitter can be an RFID transponder ("radio-frequency identification"). RFID transponders differ, for example, according to the transmission frequency, although according to the present invention there are no restrictions in this regard. The structure of an RFID transponder can, for example, be as follows: be constructed: an antenna, at least one circuit for receiving and transmitting (transceiver), such as a microcontroller, and a memory which preferably unchangeable identity of the projectile. It is also possible that the position transmitter is a GPS transmitter ("Global Positioning System"). The global positioning system is a global navigation satellite system for position determination, i.e. a system for determining positions on earth and in the air by receiving signals from navigation satellites and/or pseudolites. Furthermore, GPS-based solutions can be considered in which the position transmitter itself does not send out position signals, but is implemented as a GPS receiver that receives radio waves of the GPS system, for example from the satellite or pseudolite, and thus the position determination and tracking takes place via a travel time and distance determination or measurement in relation to the transmitter. It is clear that any other type of position transmitter is included in the disclosure content of the present application which is suitable for the purpose according to the invention, in particular the requirements for transmission ranges in the kilometer range or globally, dimensioning and transmission power in order to be accommodated in the projectile casing cavity and enable position detection.

Zur Erhöhung der Sende- und/oder Empfangsleistung des Positionssenders kann es vorgesehen sein, dass der Geschossmantel wenigstens abschnittsweise entlang einer Geschosslängsrichtung einen Transmissionsabschnitt, vorzugsweise aus Kunststoff, besitzt, der sich durch eine erhöhte Durchlässigkeit für Signale, insbesondere elektromagnetische Wellen, im Vergleich zu dem restlichen Geschossmantel kennzeichnet. Der Positionssender kann beispielsweise dem Transmissionsabschnitt derart zugeordnet und/oder derart benachbart dem Transmissionsabschnitt in dem Hohlraum angeordnet sein, dass die von dem Positionssender ausgesendeten Positionssignale über den Transmissionsabschnitt nach außen gelangen. Gemäß einer beispielhaften Weiterbildung dient der Geschossmantel als Einrichtung zum Abstrahlen und/oder Empfangen von elektromagnetischen Wellen, insbesondere als Sende- und/oder Empfangs-Antenne. Dabei kann vorgesehen sein, dass ein Kontakt, beispielsweise mittels eines Kabels, zwischen Positionssender und Geschossmantel hergestellt ist. Der Positionssender kann beispielsweise einen Ausgangskontakt aufweisen, der mit einem Eingangskontakt des Geschossmantels gekoppelt ist, insbesondere derart, dass die von dem Positionssender erzeugten Positionssignale nach außen insbesondere in Form von Freiraumwellen mittels des Geschossmantels abgestrahlt werden. Gemäß einer Weiterbildung werden die Positionssignale im Wesentlichen ausschließlich über die Kopplung zwischen Positionssender und Geschossmantel ausgesendet und/oder empfangen. Dabei kann vorgesehen sein, dass der Positionssender bis auf die Kopplung mit dem Geschossmantel gegen eine Aussendung von Positionssignalen, wie elektromagnetischen Wellen, isoliert/abgeschirmt ist.To increase the transmission and/or reception performance of the position transmitter, it can be provided that the projectile casing has a transmission section, preferably made of plastic, at least in sections along a longitudinal direction of the projectile, which is characterized by increased permeability for signals, in particular electromagnetic waves, compared to the rest of the projectile casing. The position transmitter can, for example, be assigned to the transmission section and/or arranged adjacent to the transmission section in the cavity in such a way that the position signals transmitted by the position transmitter reach the outside via the transmission section. According to an exemplary development, the projectile casing serves as a device for emitting and/or receiving electromagnetic waves, in particular as a transmitting and/or receiving antenna. It can be provided that a contact is established between the position transmitter and the projectile casing, for example by means of a cable. The position transmitter can, for example, have an output contact which is coupled to an input contact of the projectile casing, in particular such that the position signals generated by the position transmitter are transmitted outwards, in particular in the form of free space waves, by means of the projectile casing are emitted. According to a further development, the position signals are essentially transmitted and/or received exclusively via the coupling between the position transmitter and the projectile casing. It can be provided that the position transmitter is insulated/shielded against the emission of position signals, such as electromagnetic waves, except for the coupling with the projectile casing.

Erfindungsgemäß besitzt der Positionssender einen Passivzustand, in dem der Positionssender keine Positionssignale aussendet. Es handelt sich bei dem Passivzustand um einen energielosen Zustand, bei dem der Positionssender keine Energie empfängt, insbesondere nicht bestromt ist. Ferner weist der Positionssender einen Aktivzustand auf, in dem der Positionssender Positionssignale aussendet. Im Aktivzustand ist der Positionssender bestromt, insbesondere mit Energie versorgt. Gemäß einer nicht zur Erfindung gehörenden alternativen Ausgestaltung kann der Positionssender sowohl in dem Passivzustand als auch in dem Aktivzustand mit Energie versorgt, d. h. bestromt, sein, wobei ein Schalter zum Wechseln zwischen Aktiv- und Passivzustand vorgesehen sein kann. Dabei kann das Schalten von dem Passivzustand in den Aktivzustand als Aktivieren des Positionssenders und das Schalten von dem Aktivzustand in den Passivzustand als Deaktivieren des Positionssenders bezeichnet werden.According to the invention, the position transmitter has a passive state in which the position transmitter does not send out any position signals. The passive state is a de-energized state in which the position transmitter does not receive any energy, in particular is not powered. The position transmitter also has an active state in which the position transmitter sends out position signals. In the active state, the position transmitter is powered, in particular is supplied with energy. According to an alternative embodiment not part of the invention, the position transmitter can be powered, i.e. powered, both in the passive state and in the active state, wherein a switch can be provided for changing between the active and passive states. Switching from the passive state to the active state can be referred to as activating the position transmitter and switching from the active state to the passive state can be referred to as deactivating the position transmitter.

In einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Geschosses schaltet der Positionssender unmittelbar vor oder unmittelbar nach dem Abfeuern der Schusswaffe von dem Passivzustand in den Aktivzustand.In a further exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, the position transmitter switches from the passive state to the active state immediately before or immediately after the firearm is fired.

Die Erfinder der vorliegenden Erfindung haben herausgefunden, dass eine Positionsverfolgung erst notwendig sein kann, wenn das Geschoss die Schusswaffe verlassen hat, also nach dem Abfeuern der Schusswaffe. Gemäß einer Weiterbildung kann vorgesehen sein, dass unmittelbar vor oder unmittelbar nach dem Abfeuern der Schusswaffe der Positionssender mit elektrischer Energie versorgt ist.The inventors of the present invention have discovered that position tracking may only be necessary once the projectile has left the firearm, i.e. after the firearm has been fired. According to a further development, it can be provided that the position transmitter is supplied with electrical energy immediately before or immediately after the firearm is fired.

Erfindungsgemäß ist in dem Hohlraum eine Energiequelle zur Stromversorgung des Positionssenders, angeordnet. Die Energiequelle kann beispielsweise eine elektrische Batterie, insbesondere eine Knopfzelle, sein. Eine Knopfzelle ist im Allgemeinen eine elektrochemische Zelle beispielsweise mit rundem Querschnitt, dessen Höhe kleiner als der Durchmesser ist, und die Spannungen vorzugsweise zwischen 1,35 und 3,6 Volt abgibt. Die kleine Dimensionierung und ausreichende Spannungsabgabe von Knopfzellen ermöglichen deren Einsatz im Hohlraum eines Geschossmantels eines erfindungsgemäßen Geschosses. Je nach Elektrodenmaterial, Silberoxid, Quecksilberoxid oder Lithium, lassen sich Knopfzellen unterscheiden. In einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführung ist die Energiequelle in dem Passivzustand frei von einem elektrischen Kontakt mit dem Positionssender und steht in dem Aktivzustand in elektrischem Kontakt mit dem Positionssender.According to the invention, an energy source for supplying power to the position transmitter is arranged in the cavity. The energy source can be, for example, an electric battery, in particular a Button cell. A button cell is generally an electrochemical cell, for example with a round cross-section, the height of which is smaller than the diameter, and which preferably delivers voltages between 1.35 and 3.6 volts. The small dimensions and sufficient voltage output of button cells enable them to be used in the cavity of a bullet casing of a projectile according to the invention. Button cells can be differentiated depending on the electrode material, silver oxide, mercury oxide or lithium. In another exemplary embodiment, the energy source is free of electrical contact with the position transmitter in the passive state and is in electrical contact with the position transmitter in the active state.

In einer nicht zur Erfindung gehörenden alternativen Ausgestaltung ist der Positionssender, insbesondere der RFID-Transponder, durch eine externe Energiequelle mit Strom versorgt. Beispielsweise kann vorgesehen sein, dass Positionssender durch die externe Energiequelle mit hochfrequenten Funkwellen von außen bestrombar ist. Dies kann dadurch realisiert sein, dass der RFID-Transponder einem hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Wechselfeld ausgesetzt ist, welches Hochfrequenzenergie enthält, die zur Stromversorgung des RFID-Transponders genutzt wird.In an alternative embodiment not part of the invention, the position transmitter, in particular the RFID transponder, is supplied with power by an external energy source. For example, it can be provided that the position transmitter can be powered from the outside by the external energy source with high-frequency radio waves. This can be achieved by exposing the RFID transponder to a high-frequency electromagnetic alternating field which contains high-frequency energy that is used to power the RFID transponder.

In einer nicht zur Erfindung gehörenden Ausführung des Geschosses ist/sind der Positionssender und gegebenenfalls die Energiequelle derart in dem Geschossmantelhohlraum angeordnet, dass der Positionssender und gegebenenfalls die Energiequelle nach dem Aufprall des Geschosses auf ein Ziel intakt bleibt/bleiben. Das Verhalten des Geschosses beim bzw. nach dem Auftreffen des Geschosses auf das Ziel kann als Endballistik oder Zielballistik bezeichnet werden. Dabei weist das Geschoss eine geeignete Endballistik auf, die es erlaubt, dass der Positionssender auch nach dem Auftreffen des Geschosses auf das Ziel weiterhin Positionssignale zum Ermöglichen des Nachverfolgen des Geschosses aussenden kann. Die Erfinder der vorliegenden Erfindung haben herausgefunden, dass dies durch geeignetes Anordnen von Positionssender und gegebenenfalls Energiequelle in dem Hohlraum und/oder Dimensionieren des Geschossmantels erreicht werden kann. Beispielsweise lässt sich die Kenntnis über das Deformationsverhalten des Geschosses, insbesondere des Geschossmantels, dazu nutzen, den Geschossmantel entsprechend zu dimensionieren und/oder den Positionssender und gegebenenfalls die Energiequelle entsprechend in dem Hohlraum anzuordnen. Beispielsweise wird der Geschossmantel derart dimensioniert, dass die beim Aufprall des Geschosses auf das Ziel entstehende Aufprall- und Deformationsenergie gezielt in Bereichen abgebaut wird, in denen der Positionssender und gegebenenfalls die Energiequelle sich nicht befinden.In an embodiment of the projectile not part of the invention, the position transmitter and, if applicable, the energy source is/are arranged in the projectile casing cavity in such a way that the position transmitter and, if applicable, the energy source remain intact after the projectile has impacted a target. The behavior of the projectile during or after the projectile has impacted the target can be referred to as terminal ballistics or target ballistics. The projectile has suitable terminal ballistics that allow the position transmitter to continue to send position signals to enable tracking of the projectile even after the projectile has impacted the target. The inventors of the present invention have found that this can be achieved by suitably arranging the position transmitter and, if applicable, the energy source in the cavity and/or dimensioning the projectile casing. For example, knowledge of the deformation behavior of the projectile, in particular the bullet jacket, can be used to dimension the bullet jacket accordingly and/or to arrange the position transmitter and, if necessary, the energy source accordingly in the cavity. For example, the bullet jacket is designed in such a way dimensioned so that the impact and deformation energy generated when the projectile hits the target is specifically dissipated in areas where the position transmitter and, if applicable, the energy source are not located.

In einer beispielhaften nicht zur Erfindung gehörenden Ausführung weist der Geschossmantel einen bugseitigen Ogivenabschnitt 5 und einen dem Ogivenabschnitt 5 gegenüberliegenden Heckabschnitt 7 aufweist. Es kann vorgesehen sein, der Positionssender heckseitig in dem Hohlraum und die Energiequelle bugseitig in dem Hohlraum untergebracht ist.In an exemplary embodiment not belonging to the invention, the projectile jacket has an ogive section 5 on the bow side and a rear section 7 opposite the ogive section 5. It can be provided that the position transmitter is accommodated in the cavity on the rear side and the energy source is accommodated in the cavity on the bow side.

Gemäß einer beispielhaften nicht zur Erfindung gehörenden Weiterbildung ist ein bugseitiger Ogivenabschnitt 5 des Geschossmantels dazu eingerichtet, die beim Aufprall des Geschosses auf das Ziel resultierende Aufprall- und Deformationsenergie insbesondere größtenteils, vorzugsweise zu wenigstens 50 %, 60 %, 70 % oder zu wenigstens 80 %, aufzunehmen, insbesondere zu absorbieren. Beispielsweise umfasst der Ogivenabschnitt 5 einen vorzugsweise separat von dem Geschossmantel hergestellten Absorber zum Absorbieren der Aufprall- und Deformationsenergie. Es kann ferner vorgesehen sein, dass die Aufprall- und Deformationsenergie derart in einen dem Ogivenabschnitt 5 gegenüberliegenden Heckabschnitt 7 übertragen wird, dass ein den Ogivenabschnitt 5 mit dem Heckabschnitt 7 verbindender Grundkörper des Geschossmantels im Wesentlichen unversehrt bleibt. Beispielsweise ist dass der Ogivenabschnitt 5, der Heckabschnitt 7 und der Grundkörper aus einem Stück, vorzugsweise aus Metall, hergestellt. Durch das gezielte Übertragen der Aufprall- und Deformationsenergie zwischen Ogivenabschnitt 5 und Heckabschnitt 7 kann unter anderem gewährleistet werden, dass die in dem Hohlraum angeordnete Elektronik, also der Positionssender und gegebenenfalls die Energiequelle, intakt bleiben, sodass der Positionssender auch nach dem Aufprall des Geschosses auf das Ziel Positionssignale zum Nachverfolgen aussenden kann. Der Absorber kann beispielweise als Schichtaufbau bzw. als Sandwich-Struktur realisiert sein und/oder aus einer Abfolge von wenigstens zwei Schichten, vorzugsweise aus Metall, unterschiedlicher Dichte und/oder unterschiedlichem Ausdehnungskoeffizient bestehen. Dadurch kann die Aufprall- und Deformationsenergie vorteilhaft aufgenommen, insbesondere absorbiert und/oder abgebaut, werden.According to an exemplary development not forming part of the invention, a bow-side ogive section 5 of the projectile casing is designed to absorb, in particular to absorb, the majority of the impact and deformation energy resulting from the impact of the projectile on the target, preferably at least 50%, 60%, 70% or at least 80%. For example, the ogive section 5 comprises an absorber, preferably manufactured separately from the projectile casing, for absorbing the impact and deformation energy. It can also be provided that the impact and deformation energy is transferred to a rear section 7 opposite the ogive section 5 in such a way that a base body of the projectile casing connecting the ogive section 5 to the rear section 7 remains substantially intact. For example, the ogive section 5, the rear section 7 and the base body are manufactured from one piece, preferably from metal. Through the targeted transfer of the impact and deformation energy between the ogive section 5 and the rear section 7, it can be ensured, among other things, that the electronics arranged in the cavity, i.e. the position transmitter and possibly the energy source, remain intact, so that the position transmitter can send position signals for tracking even after the projectile has hit the target. The absorber can, for example, be implemented as a layered structure or as a sandwich structure and/or consist of a sequence of at least two layers, preferably made of metal, of different densities and/or different expansion coefficients. This allows the impact and deformation energy to be advantageously absorbed, in particular absorbed and/or dissipated.

In einer weiteren beispielhaften nicht zur Erfindung gehörenden Weiterbildung ist ein elektrischer Isolator zwischen dem Positionssender und der Energiequelle zum temporären Verhindern eines elektrischen Kontakts angeordnet. Insbesondere verhindert der elektrische Isolator einen elektrischen Kontakt in dem Passivzustand des Positionssenders, insbesondere gewährleistet der elektrische Isolator den Passivzustand. Beispielsweise ist der elektrische Isolator derart angeordnet, dass beim Entfernen des Isolators der Positionssender aktiviert wird. Dadurch kann sichergestellt werden, dass erst zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt der Positionssender in den Aktivzustand schaltet/aktiviert wird. Beispielsweise soll der Isolator unmittelbar vor oder unmittelbar nach dem Abfeuern der Schusswaffe entfernt werden. Ferner kann vorgesehen sein, dass beim Abfeuern der Schusswaffe entstehende Hitze ein Auflösen, vorzugsweise Schmelzen, des elektrischen Isolators bewirkt, vorzugsweise um den elektrischen Kontakt zwischen Energiequelle und Positionssender herzustellen und/oder den Positionssender zu aktivieren.In a further exemplary development not belonging to the invention, an electrical insulator is arranged between the position transmitter and the energy source to temporarily prevent electrical contact. In particular, the electrical insulator prevents electrical contact in the passive state of the position transmitter, in particular the electrical insulator ensures the passive state. For example, the electrical insulator arranged in such a way that the position transmitter is activated when the insulator is removed. This ensures that the position transmitter is only switched to the active state/activated at a specific point in time. For example, the insulator should be removed immediately before or immediately after the firearm is fired. It can also be provided that the heat generated when the firearm is fired causes the electrical insulator to dissolve, preferably melt, preferably in order to establish electrical contact between the energy source and the position transmitter and/or to activate the position transmitter.

Gemäß einer beispielhaften nicht zur Erfindung gehörenden Weiterbildung sind der Positionssender und die Energiequelle derart in einem Abstand zueinander angeordnet, dass beim Aufprall des Geschosses auf ein Ziel die Aufprall- und Deformationsenergie eine bugseitige Deformation des Geschossmantels, insbesondere des Ogivenabschnitts 5, bewirkt, aufgrund dessen der elektrische Kontakt zwischen Positionssender und Energiequelle hergestellt wird. Gemäß dieser beispielhaften Ausführung wird der Positionssender beim Aufprall des Geschosses auf ein Ziel aktiviert, sodass eine Positionsbestimmung des Geschosses ab dem Zeitpunkt des Aufpralls ermöglicht ist.According to an exemplary development not forming part of the invention, the position transmitter and the energy source are arranged at a distance from one another such that when the projectile impacts a target, the impact and deformation energy causes a bow-side deformation of the projectile casing, in particular the ogive section 5, due to which the electrical contact between the position transmitter and the energy source is established. According to this exemplary embodiment, the position transmitter is activated when the projectile impacts a target, so that the position of the projectile can be determined from the time of impact.

In einer weiteren nicht zur Erfindung gehörenden beispielhaften Ausführung des Geschosses ist der Positionssender von der Energiequelle durch eine den Hohlraum in zwei Abteile unterteilende, insbesondere aus einem Stück mit dem Geschossmantel hergestellte, Abteilwand getrennt. Durch die Abteilwand kann der Passivzustand des Positionssenders sichergestellt werden, insbesondere der elektrische Kontakt zwischen Positionssender und Energiequelle verhindert werden. Beispielsweise ist die Abteilwand dazu eingerichtet, sich beim Aufprall des Geschosses auf ein Ziel derart zu deformieren, insbesondere zu zerstören, dass der elektrische Kontakt zwischen Positionssender und Energiequelle hergestellt ist. Ferner kann die Abteilwand derart dimensioniert sein, dass die beim Aufprall des Geschosses auf das Ziel resultierende, von einem bugseitigen Ogivenabschnitt 5 über den Geschossmantel in die Abteilwand übertragene Aufprall- und Deformationsenergie das Deformieren, insbesondere Zerstören, der Abteilwand bewirkt.In a further exemplary embodiment of the projectile not belonging to the invention, the position transmitter is separated from the energy source by a compartment wall that divides the cavity into two compartments, in particular made from one piece with the projectile casing. The compartment wall can ensure the passive state of the position transmitter, in particular prevent electrical contact between the position transmitter and the energy source. For example, the compartment wall is designed to deform, in particular destroy, when the projectile impacts a target in such a way that electrical contact is established between the position transmitter and the energy source. Furthermore, the compartment wall can be dimensioned in such a way that the impact and deformation energy resulting from the impact of the projectile on the target, which is transferred from a bow-side ogive section 5 via the projectile casing into the compartment wall, causes the compartment wall to deform, in particular destroy, the compartment wall.

Gemäß einer beispielhaften nicht zur Erfindung gehörenden Weiterbildung umfasst ein bugseitiger Ogivenabschnitt 5 des Geschossmantels einen Applikator, vorzugsweise aus Metall, wie Blei, Stahl, Kupfer, oder dergleichen, der beim Auftreffen des Geschosses auf ein Ziel den Positionssender in Richtung der Energiequelle oder die Energiequelle in Richtung des Positionssenders zum Herstellen des elektrischen Kontakts drückt.According to an exemplary development not belonging to the invention, a bow-side ogive section 5 of the projectile jacket comprises an applicator, preferably made of metal, such as lead, steel, copper, or the like, which, when the projectile hits a target, presses the position transmitter in the direction of the energy source or the energy source in the direction of the position transmitter to establish the electrical contact.

Dabei kann vorgesehen sein, dass der Applikator aus einem unterschiedlichen Material, insbesondere unterschiedlicher Dichte und/oder unterschiedlichem Ausdehnungskoeffizienten, wie das Material des Geschossmantels besteht. Beispielweise kann der Applikator den Positionssender in Richtung der Energiequelle oder die Energiequelle in Richtung des Positionssenders unter Deformation, vorzugsweise Zerstörung, der Abteilwand drücken.It can be provided that the applicator consists of a different material, in particular of a different density and/or different expansion coefficient, than the material of the projectile jacket. For example, the applicator can press the position transmitter in the direction of the energy source or the energy source in the direction of the position transmitter, deforming, preferably destroying, the compartment wall.

In einer weiteren beispielhaften nicht zur Erfindung gehörenden Ausführung des Geschosses sind/ist der Positionssender und/oder die Energiequelle derart lose in dem Hohlraum angeordnet, dass beim Abfeuern der Schusswaffe auftretende und auf das Geschoss wirkende Beschleunigungskräfte den Positionssender dazu veranlassen, in einen elektrischen Kontakt mit der Energiequelle zu geraten. Mit lose angeordnet kann beispielweise gemeint sein, dass keine Befestigung, insbesondere Axialbefestigung in Geschosslängsrichtung, für die Energiequelle und/oder den Positionssender vorgesehen ist. Des Weiteren kann mit lose angeordnet gemeint sein, dass der Hohlraum des Geschossmantels mit einer eine Halteeinrichtung zum Halten der Energiequelle und/oder des Positionssenders derart eingearbeitet ist, dass vor dem Abfeuern der Schusswaffe die Energiequelle und/oder der Positionssender im Wesentlichen an dem Geschossmantel befestigt ist und nach dem Abfeuern der Schusswaffe sich die Energiequelle und/oder der Positionssender von der Halteeinrichtung lösen, um den elektrischen Kontakt herstellen zu können. Beispielweise kann die Halteeinrichtung aufgrund der auf das Geschoss wirkenden Beschleunigungskräfte überwunden, beispielsweise zerstört, werden. Ferner kann vorgesehen sein, dass beim Abfeuern der Schusswaffe auftretende und auf das Geschoss wirkende Beschleunigungskräfte den Positionssender und/oder die Energiequelle zu einer Bewegung in Richtung des jeweils anderen zum Herstellen des elektrischen Kontakts veranlassen.In a further exemplary embodiment of the projectile not forming part of the invention, the position transmitter and/or the energy source are/is arranged loosely in the cavity in such a way that acceleration forces occurring when the firearm is fired and acting on the projectile cause the position transmitter to come into electrical contact with the energy source. Loosely arranged can mean, for example, that no fastening, in particular axial fastening in the longitudinal direction of the projectile, is provided for the energy source and/or the position transmitter. Furthermore, loosely arranged can mean that the cavity of the projectile casing is incorporated with a holding device for holding the energy source and/or the position transmitter in such a way that before the firearm is fired, the energy source and/or the position transmitter is essentially fastened to the projectile casing and after the firearm is fired, the energy source and/or the position transmitter are released from the holding device in order to be able to establish electrical contact. For example, the holding device can be overcome, for example destroyed, due to the acceleration forces acting on the projectile. Furthermore, it can be provided that acceleration forces occurring when the firearm is fired and acting on the projectile cause the position transmitter and/or the energy source to move in the direction of the other in order to establish electrical contact.

Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung, der mit den vorhergehenden Aspekten und beispielhaften Ausführungen kombinierbar ist, ist ein System zum Nachverfolgen eines Geschosses mit einem Kaliber von weniger als 13 mm bereitgestellt. Das erfindungsgemäße System umfasst ein Geschoss, das gemäß einem der zuvor beschriebenen erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungen ausgestaltet ist, und einen Positionssignalempfänger zum Empfangen der von dem Positionssender des Geschosses ausgesendeten Positionssignale. Es kann vorgesehen sein, dass abhängig von dem verwendeten Positionssender ein entsprechender Positionssignalempfänger verwendet wird, der dazu eingerichtet ist, die von dem Positionssender ausgesendeten Positionssignale zu empfangen, zu verarbeiten und/oder auszuwerten. Des Weiteren kann der Positionssignalempfänger eine geeignete Software besitzen, die je nach Einsatzgebiet des erfindungsgemäßen Systems realisiert sein kann.According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a system for tracking a projectile with a caliber of less than 13 mm is provided. The system according to the invention comprises a projectile which is designed according to one of the previously described embodiments of the invention, and a position signal receiver for receiving the position signals emitted by the position transmitter of the projectile. It can be provided that, depending on the position transmitter used, a corresponding position signal receiver is used which is set up to receive, process and/or evaluate the position signals emitted by the position transmitter. Furthermore The position signal receiver can have suitable software, which can be implemented depending on the field of application of the system according to the invention.

Bevorzugte Ausführungen sind in den Unteransprüchen gegeben.Preferred embodiments are given in the subclaims.

Im Folgenden werden weitere Eigenschaften, Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung mittels Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungen der Erfindung anhand der beiliegenden beispielhaften Zeichnungen deutlich, in denen zeigen:

Figur 1
eine schematische Schnittansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Geschosses; und
Figur 2
eine schematische Schnittansicht einer weiteren Ausführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Geschosses.
In the following, further properties, features and advantages of the invention will become clear by describing preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying exemplary drawings, in which:
Figure 1
a schematic sectional view of a projectile according to the invention; and
Figure 2
a schematic sectional view of another embodiment of a projectile according to the invention.

In der folgenden Beschreibung beispielhafter Ausführungen ist ein erfindungsgemäßes Geschoss, das ein Kaliber von weniger als 13 mm, vorzugsweise von etwa 12,7 mm, aufweist, im Allgemeinen mit der Bezugsziffer 1 versehen.In the following description of exemplary embodiments, a projectile according to the invention having a caliber of less than 13 mm, preferably of about 12.7 mm, is generally provided with the reference number 1.

Bezugnehmend auf Figur 1 ist eine erste beispielhafte Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Geschosses 1 in einer schematischen Schnittansicht dargestellt. Das Geschoss 1 besitzt einen im Wesentlichen die äußere Form des Geschosses 1 festlegenden Geschossmantel 3. Der Geschossmantel 3 erstreckt sich entlang einer Geschosslängsachse L und ist bezüglich dieser im Wesentlichen rotationssymmetrisch ausgebildet. Das Geschoss 1 bzw. der Geschossmantel 3 ist im Wesentlichen in drei vorzugsweise aus einem Stück, insbesondere Metall, hergestellte Abschnitte unterteilt: ein heckseitiger Heckabschnitt 7, ein bugseitiger Ogivenabschnitt 5 und ein den Heckabschnitt 7 mit dem Ogivenabschnitt 5 verbindender Grundkörper 9. Der Heckabschnitt 7 ist größtenteils aus Vollmaterial, vorzuweisen Metall, hergestellt und bildet heckseitig eine im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur Geschosslängsrichtung L orientierte Heckfläche 11, von der sich eine schräg zur Geschosslängsachse L orientierte Geschossheckmantelfläche 13 in Richtung des Geschossbugs erstreckt. Die Geschossheckmantelfläche 13 geht in Geschosslängsrichtung L in den Grundkörper 9 über, der eine im Wesentlichen konstante Querschnittsform mit konstanter Wandstärke besitzt. Der Grundkörper 9 mündet bugseitig in den Ogivenabschnitt 5, der eine umlaufende sich hin zu einer Geschossspitze 15 hin krümmende Geschossbugmantelfläche 17 aufweist.Referring to Figure 1 a first exemplary embodiment of the projectile 1 according to the invention is shown in a schematic sectional view. The projectile 1 has a projectile jacket 3 which essentially determines the external shape of the projectile 1. The projectile jacket 3 extends along a projectile longitudinal axis L and is essentially rotationally symmetrical with respect to this. The projectile 1 or the projectile jacket 3 is essentially divided into three sections, preferably made from one piece, in particular metal: a rear-side rear section 7, a bow-side ogive section 5 and a base body 9 connecting the rear section 7 to the ogive section 5. The rear section 7 is largely made from solid material, preferably metal, and forms a rear surface 11 on the rear side which is oriented essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L of the projectile, from which a projectile rear jacket surface 13 oriented obliquely to the longitudinal axis L of the projectile extends in the direction of the projectile bow. The projectile rear surface 13 merges in the longitudinal direction L of the projectile into the base body 9, which has an essentially constant cross-sectional shape with a constant wall thickness. The base body 9 opens into the ogive section 5 on the bow side, which has a circumferential projectile bow surface 17 curving towards a projectile tip 15.

Der Geschossmantel 3 begrenzt in seinem Inneren einen Hohlraum 19, der sich in Geschosslängsrichtung L über wenigstens 50 % einer Abmessung des Geschosses 1 in Geschosslängsrichtung L, vorzugsweise wenigstens 60 % oder wenigstens 70 %, erstreckt. Erfindungsgemäß ist in dem Hohlraum 19 ein Positionssender 21 aufgenommen, der dazu eingerichtet ist, Positionssignale auszusenden, damit die Position des Geschosses 1 verfolgt werden kann. In Figur 1 ist außerdem schematisch ein Positionssignalempfänger 23 zum Empfangen der von dem Positionssender 21 ausgesendeten Positionssignale zur Bildung eines erfindungsgemäßen Systems 100 zum Nachverfolgen eines Geschosses 1 dargestellt. Des Weiteren ist in dem Hohlraum 19 eine Energiequelle 25, die beispielsweise eine Knopfzelle sein kann, zum Versorgen des Positionssenders 21 mit Energie untergebracht.The projectile jacket 3 defines a cavity 19 in its interior, which extends in the longitudinal direction L of the projectile over at least 50% of a dimension of the projectile 1 in Projectile longitudinal direction L, preferably at least 60% or at least 70%. According to the invention, a position transmitter 21 is accommodated in the cavity 19, which is designed to emit position signals so that the position of the projectile 1 can be tracked. In Figure 1 Also shown schematically is a position signal receiver 23 for receiving the position signals transmitted by the position transmitter 21 to form a system 100 according to the invention for tracking a projectile 1. Furthermore, an energy source 25, which can be a button cell for example, is housed in the cavity 19 for supplying the position transmitter 21 with energy.

Weiterhin bezugnehmend auf Figur 1 ist ein elektrischer Isolator 27 zwischen dem Positionssender 19 und der Energiequelle 25 zum temporären Verhindern eines elektrischen Kontakts von Positionssender 19 und Energiequelle 25 angeordnet. Der elektrische Isolator 27 verhindert einen elektrischen Kontakt in dem Passivzustand des Positionssenders 19. Zum Aktivieren des Positionssenders 19 ist der elektrische Isolator 27 zu entfernen. Dies kann beispielsweise durch manuelles Herausziehen des Isolators 27 aus dem Hohlraum 19 geschafft werden. Beispielsweise weist der Geschossmantel 3 eine Öffnung 29 auf, aus der der Isolator 27 teilweise herausragt, um von einem Nutzer ergriffen zu werden, um den Isolator 27 aus dem Innenraum 19 über die Öffnung 29 herauszuziehen. Dadurch kann sichergestellt werden, dass erst zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt der Positionssender 19 in den Aktivzustand schaltet/aktiviert wird, vorzugsweise unmittelbar vor dem Abfeuern der nicht näher dargestellten Schusswaffe.Further referring to Figure 1 an electrical insulator 27 is arranged between the position transmitter 19 and the energy source 25 to temporarily prevent electrical contact between the position transmitter 19 and the energy source 25. The electrical insulator 27 prevents electrical contact in the passive state of the position transmitter 19. To activate the position transmitter 19, the electrical insulator 27 must be removed. This can be achieved, for example, by manually pulling the insulator 27 out of the cavity 19. For example, the bullet casing 3 has an opening 29 from which the insulator 27 partially protrudes in order to be grasped by a user in order to pull the insulator 27 out of the interior 19 via the opening 29. This can ensure that the position transmitter 19 is only switched to the active state/activated at a certain point in time, preferably immediately before the firearm (not shown in detail) is fired.

Ferner umfasst der Ogivenabschnitt 5 des Geschossmantels 3 einen vorzugsweise separat von dem Geschossmantel hergestellten Absorber 31, 32 zum insbesondere größtenteils, vorzugsweise zu wenigstens 50 %, 60 %, 70 % oder zu wenigstens 80 %, Absorbieren der beim Aufprall des Geschosses 1 auf das Ziel resultierenden Aufprall- und Deformationsenergie. Der Absorber 31, 32 kann die Aufprall- und Deformationsenergie derart in den Heckabschnitt 7 übertragen, dass der Grundkörper 9 und vor allem die sich in dem Hohlraum 19, also der Positionssender 21 und die Energiequelle 25, angeordnete Elektronik im Wesentlichen unversehrt bleibt. Wie beispielhaft in Figur 1 dargestellt ist, kann der Absorber 31, 32 einen Schichtaufbau bzw. eine Sandwich-Struktur umfassen. Dabei kann eine Abfolge aus in Geschosslängsrichtung L hintereinander angeordneten Schichten/Lagen vorgesehen sein, wobei beispielsweise eine Abfolge aus Metall-Schichten unterschiedlicher Dichte und/oder unterschiedlichem Ausdehnungskoeffizient bereitgestellt sein können. Beispielweise ist der Absorber 31, 32 doch eine Abfolge einer Absorptionsschicht 31 und einer Absorptionsschicht 32 realisiert, wobei die Absorptionsschicht 32 eine unterschiedliche Dichte und/oder einen unterschiedlichen Ausdehnungskoeffizient im Vergleich zur Absorptionsschicht 31 besitzt.Furthermore, the ogive section 5 of the projectile jacket 3 comprises an absorber 31, 32, preferably manufactured separately from the projectile jacket, for absorbing in particular the majority, preferably at least 50%, 60%, 70% or at least 80%, of the impact and deformation energy resulting from the impact of the projectile 1 on the target. The absorber 31, 32 can transfer the impact and deformation energy into the tail section 7 in such a way that the base body 9 and above all the electronics arranged in the cavity 19, i.e. the position transmitter 21 and the energy source 25, remain essentially intact. As shown by way of example in Figure 1 As shown, the absorber 31, 32 can comprise a layer structure or a sandwich structure. In this case, a sequence of layers/plys arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction L of the floor can be provided, wherein, for example, a sequence of metal layers of different densities and/or different expansion coefficients can be provided. For example, the absorber 31, 32 is realized as a sequence of an absorption layer 31 and an absorption layer 32, wherein the absorption layer 32 has a different density and/or a different expansion coefficient compared to the absorption layer 31.

Bezugnehmend auf Figur 2 wird eine weitere beispielhafte Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Geschosses 1 beschrieben. Zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen werden gleiche Komponenten mit derselben Bezugsziffer versehen und die folgende Beschreibung auf die gegenüber Figur 1 vorliegenden Unterschiede beschränkt. Anstelle des elektrischen Isolators 27 sind der Positionssender 21 und die Energiequelle 25 bezüglich der Geschosslängsrichtung L in einem Abstand zueinander angeordnet. Gemäß der beispielhaften Ausführung nach Figur 2 wird der Abstand durch eine insbesondere aus einem Stück mit dem Geschossmantel 3 hergestellte Abteilwand 33 realisiert, die den Hohlraum 19 in ein heckseitiges Abteil 35 und ein bugseitiges Abteil 37 unterteilt. Es ist zu sehen, dass in dem heckseitigen Abteil 35 der Positionssender 21 und in dem bugseitigen Abteil 37 die Energiequelle 25 angeordnet ist. Die Abteilwand 33 kann beispielsweise durchgängig aus Vollmaterial gebildet sein oder beispielsweise etwa mittig eine Durchgangsöffnung 39 aufweisen. Durch die Abteilwand 33 kann der Passivzustand des Positionssenders 19 sichergestellt werden, insbesondere der elektrische Kontakt zwischen Positionssender 19 und Energiequelle 25 verhindert werden. Beim Aufprall des Geschosses 1 auf ein Ziel deformiert sich die Abteilwand 33 derart, dass der elektrische Kontakt zwischen Positionssender 19 und Energiequelle 25 hergestellt wird. Beispielsweise kann die beim Aufprall des Geschosses 1 auf das Ziel vom Ogivenabschnitt 5 über den Geschossmantel 3 in die Abteilwand 33 übertragene Aufprall- und Deformationsenergie eine Deformation, insbesondere Zerstörung, der Abteilwand 33 bewirken, sodass ein elektrischer Kontakt zwischen Positionssender 21 und Energiequelle 25 beispielsweise durch ein Aufeinanderzubewegen des Positionssenders 21 und der Energiequelle 25 in Geschosslängsrichtung L hergestellt wird.Referring to Figure 2 A further exemplary embodiment of the projectile 1 according to the invention is described. To avoid repetition, the same components are given the same reference number and the following description refers to the opposite Figure 1 Instead of the electrical insulator 27, the position transmitter 21 and the energy source 25 are arranged at a distance from each other with respect to the longitudinal direction L of the projectile. According to the exemplary embodiment according to Figure 2 the distance is achieved by a compartment wall 33, which is made in particular from one piece with the projectile casing 3 and divides the cavity 19 into a rear compartment 35 and a bow compartment 37. It can be seen that the position transmitter 21 is arranged in the rear compartment 35 and the energy source 25 is arranged in the bow compartment 37. The compartment wall 33 can, for example, be made entirely of solid material or, for example, have a through-opening 39 approximately in the middle. The passive state of the position transmitter 19 can be ensured by the compartment wall 33, in particular the electrical contact between the position transmitter 19 and the energy source 25 can be prevented. When the projectile 1 impacts on a target, the compartment wall 33 deforms. such that the electrical contact is established between the position transmitter 19 and the energy source 25. For example, the impact and deformation energy transferred from the ogive section 5 via the projectile jacket 3 into the compartment wall 33 when the projectile 1 impacts the target can cause a deformation, in particular destruction, of the compartment wall 33, so that an electrical contact is established between the position transmitter 21 and the energy source 25, for example by moving the position transmitter 21 and the energy source 25 towards each other in the longitudinal direction L of the projectile.

Weiterhin bezugnehmend auf Figur 2 umfasst der Ogivenabschnitt 5 einen Applikator 41, der vorzugsweise separat zu dem Geschossmantel 3 hergestellt ist. Beim Auftreffen des Geschosses 1 auf ein Ziel drückt der Applikator 41 die Energiequelle 25 im Wesentlichen in Geschosslängsrichtung L in Richtung des Positionssenders 21 zum Herstellen des elektrischen Kontakts. Dies kann unter Deformation, vorzugsweise Zerstörung, der Abteilwand 33 erfolgen.Further referring to Figure 2 the ogive section 5 comprises an applicator 41, which is preferably manufactured separately from the projectile casing 3. When the projectile 1 strikes a target, the applicator 41 presses the energy source 25 essentially in the longitudinal direction L of the projectile in the direction of the position transmitter 21 to establish the electrical contact. This can take place with deformation, preferably destruction, of the compartment wall 33.

Der Positionssignalempfänger kann 23 abhängig von dem verwendeten Positionssender 21 ausgewählt sein, um die von dem Positionssender 21 ausgesendeten Positionssignale zu empfangen, zu verarbeiten und/oder auszuwerten. Des Weiteren kann der Positionssignalempfänger 23 eine nicht näher dargestellte Software besitzen, die je nach Einsatzgebiet des erfindungsgemäßen Systems 100 realisiert sein kann.The position signal receiver 23 can be selected depending on the position transmitter 21 used in order to receive, process and/or evaluate the position signals transmitted by the position transmitter 21. Furthermore, the position signal receiver 23 can have software (not shown in detail) which can be implemented depending on the area of application of the system 100 according to the invention.

Bezugszeichenlistelist of reference symbols

11
Geschossprojectile
33
Geschossmantelbullet jacket
55
Ogivenabschnittogive section
77
Heckabschnittrear section
99
Grundkörperbase body
1111
Heckflächerear area
1313
Geschossheckmantelflächeprojectile rear surface
1515
Geschossspitzebullet nose
1717
Geschossbugmantelflächeprojectile nose surface
1919
Hohlraumcavity
2121
Positionssenderposition transmitter
2323
Positionssignalempfängerposition signal receiver
2525
Energiequelleenergy source
2727
Isolatorinsulator
2929
Öffnungopening
31, 3231, 32
Absorberabsorber
3333
Abteilwandcompartment wall
35, 3735, 37
Abteilcompartment
3939
Durchgangsöffnungpassage opening
4141
Applikatorapplicator
100100
Systemsystem
LL
Geschosslängsachselongitudinal axis of the projectile

Claims (3)

  1. A projectile (1) with a caliber of less than 13 mm, comprising a projectile jacket (3) defining a cavity (19) and a position transmitter (21), such as a GPS transmitter, a telemetry transmitter or an RFID transponder, arranged in the cavity (19), wherein the position transmitter (21) has a de-energized passive state in which the position transmitter (21) does not transmit position signals, and an energized active state in which the position transmitter (21) transmits position signals,
    characterized in that an energy source (25), such as an electric battery, in particular a button cell, is arranged in the cavity (19) for supplying power to the position transmitter (21), wherein the energy source (25) does not electrically contact the position transmitter (21) in the passive state and does electrically contact the position transmitter (21) in the active state.
  2. The projectile (1) according to claim 1, wherein the position transmitter (21) switches from the passive state to the active state immediately before or immediately after firing of the firearm, wherein in particular immediately before or immediately after firing of the firearm the position transmitter (21) is supplied with electrical energy.
  3. A system (100) for tracking a projectile, comprising a projectile (1) according to any one of the preceding claims having a caliber of less than 13 mm and a position signal receiver (23) for receiving position signals transmitted by the position transmitter (21).
EP20704230.0A 2019-02-04 2020-02-04 Projectile having a caliber of less than 13 mm and system for tracking a projectile Active EP3921592B1 (en)

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DE102019102722.5A DE102019102722A1 (en) 2019-02-04 2019-02-04 Bullet with a caliber of less than 13 mm and bullet tracking system
PCT/EP2020/052734 WO2020161123A1 (en) 2019-02-04 2020-02-04 Projectile having a caliber of less than 13 mm and system for tracking a projectile

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US20210396504A1 (en) 2021-12-23
WO2020161123A1 (en) 2020-08-13
EP3921592A1 (en) 2021-12-15
DE102019102722A1 (en) 2020-08-06
US11725917B2 (en) 2023-08-15

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