Textile Nanotechnology

Nanoshells represent a groundbreaking innovation in the realm of nanomedicine, combining advanced fabrication techniques with significant therapeutic applications. These unique nanostructures typically composed of a silica core coated with a thin layer of metal, exhibit tunable optical properties that can be harnessed for precise medical interventions. Their ability to absorb and scatter light at designated wavelengths makes them exceptionally useful for imaging and targeted therapy, particularly in oncology. In recent years, researchers have made significant strides in the fabrication of nanoshells, refining methodologies to enhance their biocompatibility, stability, and functionalization. This enables the development of nanoshells that can be tailored for specific drugs or biological agents, allowing for targeted delivery systems that minimize off-target effects while maximizing therapeutic efficacy. The inherent adaptability of nanoshells extends to their potential use in diagnostics, where they can serve as contrast agents or biosensors, providing real-time insights into disease states. This review delves into the novel fabrication approaches that have led to the evolution of nanoshell technology and explores their diverse therapeutic applications, from hyperthermia treatment and photodynamic therapy to drug delivery systems. As we illuminate the multifaceted roles of nanoshells in modern medicine, the intersection of fabrication advancements and therapeutic potential signifies a pivotal step forward in the pursuit of precision medicine.

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics and the number of patients infected by multi-drug-resistant bacteria have increased significantly over the past decade. This study follows a computational approach to identify potential antibacterial compounds from wild mushrooms. Twenty-six known compounds produced by wild mushrooms were docked to assess their affinity with drug targets of antibiotics such as penicillin-binding protein-1a (PBP1a), DNA gyrase, and isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (ILERS). Docking scores were further validated by multiple receptor conformer (MRC)-based docking studies. Based on the MRC-based docking results, eight molecules were shortlisted for ADMET analysis. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were further performed to evaluate the conformational stability of the ligand-protein complexes. Binding energies were computed by the gmx_MMPBSA method. The data were obtained in terms of root-mean square deviation, and root-mean square fluctuation justified the stability of Austrocortilutein A, Austrocortirubin, and Confluentin in complex with several proteins under physiological conditions. Among these, Austrocortilutein A displayed better binding affinity with PBP1a and ILERS when compared with their respective reference ligands. This study is preliminary and aims to help drive the search for compounds that have the capacity to overcome the anti-microbial resistance of prevalent bacteria, using natural compounds produced by wild mushrooms. Further experimental validation is required to justify the clinical use of the studied compounds.

In this study, it is aimed to coat polyacrylonitrile (PAN) stripswith nanofibers by electrospinning. Coating the PAN strip with nanofiber is the process of applying nanometer scale fibers to the surface of the strip. In the experimental study, the concentration of the polymer solution (PAN/DMF), voltage, flow rate, etc. parameters are optimized. Firstly, the nanofiber coating was studied depending on the time. Then, the PAN strip was twisted during coating. The properties of coated nanofiber strips such as distribution of nanofibers, bead formation, diameter of nanofibers, porosity and uniformity of nanofibers by scanning electron microscopy exanimated in this study.

Kefiran is a functional fermented milk product traditionally used for its beneficial probiotic properties. It exhibits antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory anticancer and different health promoting characteristics. Although kefiran showed potential effects against many cancer cell lines, little information is present in the literature on its effect against cervical and hepatocellular carcinoma as well as on zebrafish embryos. The study aimed at investigating the cytotoxicity (in human cervical and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines) and developmental toxicity (in zebrafish embryos) of kefiran produced by the fermentation of Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens. Cervical and hepatocellular cancer cells were exposed to serial concentrations of kefiran to evaluate its cytotoxic activities. Further biological effects of kefiran on the mortality and developmental abnormalities of zebrafish embryos were investigated. Results showed that kefiran significantly affected the viability of both tested cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 358.8 ± 1.65 and 413.5 ± 1.05 µg/ml for HeLa and HepG2 cells, respectively. Furthermore, kefiran adversely affected the morphological characteristics of the cells. Kefiran extract was much safer for zebrafish embryos and no mortality was observed up to 100 µg/ml, whereas the LC50 value (≥ 279.76 µg/ml) was also very high. Moreover, no developmental toxicity was observed up to 100 µg/ml concentration. Conclusively, microbially-produced kefiran showed anticancer properties in two tested human cancer cells, while its safer profiles in animals (zebrafish embryos) poses it as potential anticancer agent which does not affect normal tissue growth.

Reaction of S-androsten-3~,17~-diol diacetate with mchloroperbenzoic acid at different temperatures and pH in a biphasic sys tem with NaHC0 3 as a phase transfe r catalyst yields correspo nding Sa, 6a-and S~, 6~-epoxides. which could be separated by column chromatography. Exclusive formation of Sa. 6a-epox ide could be obtained at a low temperature (-20 °C). Epoxides on treatmen t with different amines lead to stereospecifi c open in g, the amino substituen t entering from the opposite sid e at C-6.

Reaction of S-androsten-3~,17~-diol diacetate with mchloroperbenzoic acid at different temperatures and pH in a biphasic sys tem with NaHC0 3 as a phase transfe r catalyst yields correspo nding Sa, 6a-and S~, 6~-epoxides. which could be separated by column chromatography. Exclusive formation of Sa. 6a-epox ide could be obtained at a low temperature (-20 °C). Epoxides on treatmen t with different amines lead to stereospecifi c open in g, the amino substituen t entering from the opposite sid e at C-6.

This study represents the design and synthesis of a new set of triazole-coumarin-glycosyl hybrids and their tetrazole hybrid analogues possessing various sugar moieties and modified analogues. All the newly synthesized derivatives were screened for their cytotoxic activities against a panel of human cancer cell lines. The coumarin derivatives 10, 13 and 15 derivatives revealed potent cytotoxic activities against Paca-2, Mel-501, PC-3 and A-375 cancer cell lines. These promising analogues were further examined for their inhibitory assessment against EGFR, VEGFR-2 and CDK-2/cyclin A2 kinases. The coumarin-tetrazole 10 displayed broad superior inhibitory activity against all screened enzymes compared with the reference drugs, erlotinib, sorafenib and roscovitine, respectively. The impact of coumarin-tetrazole 10 upon cell cycle and apoptosis induction was determined to detect its mechanism of action. Additionally, it upregulated the levels of casp-3, casp-7 and cytochrome-c proteins an...

Steroids have been the focus of important research throughout the scientific history. But the recent past has seen an exhaustive interest of research being diverted towards these biologically important molecules. It is probably because of the various advantages associated with steroid-based chemotherapeutics, as these compounds turn out to be non-toxic, less vulnerable to multidrug resistance and highly bioavailable because they are capable of penetrating the cell wall [1]. Although various modifications of steroids, including derivatization, cyclization, heterocyclization, etc., have been tried, as far as the literature precedents are concerned, little efforts have been made towards the efficient synthesis of steroidal based pyrimidines derivatives and simultaneous studies of in vitro DNA binding or of nuclease. Pyrimidine moiety containing molecules have been shown to exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities like anticancer [2,3], antiviral [4], antibacterial [5],

Steroids have been the focus of important research throughout the scientific history. But the recent past has seen an exhaustive interest of research being diverted towards these biologically important molecules. It is probably because of the various advantages associated with steroid-based chemotherapeutics, as these compounds turn out to be non-toxic, less vulnerable to multidrug resistance and highly bioavailable because they are capable of penetrating the cell wall [1]. Although various modifications of steroids, including derivatization, cyclization, heterocyclization, etc., have been tried, as far as the literature precedents are concerned, little efforts have been made towards the efficient synthesis of steroidal based pyrimidines derivatives and simultaneous studies of in vitro DNA binding or of nuclease. Pyrimidine moiety containing molecules have been shown to exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities like anticancer [2,3], antiviral [4], antibacterial [5],

Flash differential scanning calorimetry has been used to determine the glass transition response of the rapidly crystallizing energetic material, TNT. After heating at 600 K/s, it was found that for cooling rates from 1000 K/s to 10 K/s the glass transition changes from 247.5 K to 239.3 K. The dynamic fragility index was determined to be m=62 ± 6 and the activation energy determined from the range of cooling rates in which vitrification occurred was found to be 290 ± 16 kJ/mol. Crystallization was found to occur during cooling at rates below 0.3 K/s, whereas cold crystallization was found on subsequent heating after cooling between 10 K/s and 30 K/s. At cooling rates of 100 K/s and above, and for the same heating rate of 600 K/s investigated, the glass transition event was observed, but cold crystallization during heating did not occur. Hence, the crystallization behavior of the fully amorphous TNT upon heating depends on the cooling rate and vitrification path.

The role of metalloenzymes in tumor progression had broadened their application in cancer therapy. Of these, MMPs and CAs are validated druggable targets that share some pivotal signaling pathways. The majority of MMPs or CAs inhibitors are designed as single-target agents. Despite their transient efficacy, these agents are often susceptible to resistance. This set the stage to introduce dual inhibitors of correlated MMPs and CAs. The next step is expected to target the common vital signaling nodes as well. In this regard, VEGFR-2 is central to various tumorigenesis events involving both families, especially MMP-2 and CA II. Herein, we report simultaneous inhibition of MMP-2, CA II, and VEGFR-2 via rationally designed hybrid 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidinone acyclo C-nucleosides. The promising derivatives were nanomolar inhibitors of VEGFR-2 (8; IC50 = 5.89 nM, 9; IC50 = 10.52 nM) and MMP-2 (8; IC50 = 17.44 nM, 9; IC50 = 30.93 nM) and submicromolar inhibitors of CA II (8; IC50 = 0.2...

Photocatalysis mediated by metal nanoparticles is emerging as an effective method for removal of hazardous dye pollutants in natural aquatic bodies. Nanoparticles of Cu, Ni and Ag were synthesized by chemical method using PEG and PVP polymers as capping agents. Experimental photocatalyis was carried out in a one pot batch reactor using metal nanoparticle catalysts for degradation of crystal violet (CV), bromocresol green (BCG) and methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution in the presence of NaBH4 reductant independently under solar and UV irradiations at 25oC. Metal nanoparticles caused the removal of BCG and CV in 90-120 min and MB in 30-60 min. Linear relationship between the irradiation time and the absorbance were recorded and the kinetic plots exhibited pseudo-first order kinetic. The trend of dye degradation among the nanoparticles based on the catalytic efficiency (c) and rate coefficient (k) values was Cu>Ag>Ni. Mineralization experiment indicated 94, 91 and 90% of TOC removal ratio (R) respectively for CV, MB and BCG dyes. Nanoparticles stabilized using PEG demonstrated better catalytic efficiency than those with PVP. Solar irradiation showed superior augmenting effect on the nanoparticle catalysts than the UV irradiation. The electron-hole pair mediated reduction mechanism was proposed as a basis for photocatalytic degradation of dyes.

Steroids have been the focus of important research throughout the scientific history. But the recent past has seen an exhaustive interest of research being diverted towards these biologically important molecules. It is probably because of the various advantages associated with steroid-based chemotherapeutics, as these compounds turn out to be non-toxic, less vulnerable to multidrug resistance and highly bioavailable because they are capable of penetrating the cell wall [1]. Although various modifications of steroids, including derivatization, cyclization, heterocyclization, etc., have been tried, as far as the literature precedents are concerned, little efforts have been made towards the efficient synthesis of steroidal based pyrimidines derivatives and simultaneous studies of in vitro DNA binding or of nuclease. Pyrimidine moiety containing molecules have been shown to exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities like anticancer [2,3], antiviral [4], antibacterial [5],

Reactive disperse dyes containing monochlorotriazine/sulphatoethylsulphone reactive moieties were synthesized by condensing aniline with cyanuric chloride and further reacting it with a series of monoazo dyes obtained by diazotising 1-aminobenzene-4-β-sulphatoethylsulphone and coupling with various substituted 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole derivatives. The dyeing performance of the dyes was evaluated on polyester and wool fabrics. The dyes obtained gave various shades ranging from reddish to bright red colours. They had good depth and good levelling properties. They dyed fabrics showed moderate to good light fastness properties and very good to excellent fastness to washing and perspiration. The dye bath exhaustion on the polyester and wool fabrics were found to be very good and their fixation values were moderate.

In the current work, we designed and synthesized three families of non-fused and fused compounds based on cyanopyridone: derivatives of 6-amino-1,2-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile (5a-f) and 3,4,7,8-tetrahydro pyrimidine-6-carbonitrile (6a-b and 7a-e). The newly synthesized compounds’ structure were determined using a variety of techniques, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectrum, infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The developed compounds were tested for the ability to inhibit the growth of breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and hepatic adenocarcinoma (HepG2) cell lines using MTT assay. Some of the synthesized compounds were more effective towards the cancer cell lines than the standard treatment taxol. The best antiproliferative activities were demonstrated by non-fused cyanopyridones 5a and 5e against the MCF-7 cell line (IC50 = 1.77 and 1.39 μM, respectively) and by compounds 6b and 5a against the HepG2 cell line (IC50 = 2.68 and 2.71 μM, respectively). We further expl...

A series of estrone derivatives, ⁻, were synthesized from the corresponding arylidine estrone, ,, as starting materials, which were prepared by condensation of estrone (3-hydroxy-estran-17-one, 1) with 4-bromobenzaldehyde and thiophene-2-aldehyde. Treating of , with hydrazine derivatives in acetic acid or propionic acid afforded pyrazoline derivatives, ⁻ and ⁻, respectively. Furthermore, results proved the superiority of thienyl derivatives over 4-bromophenol derivatives in terms of cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cancer cells. In vivo xenograft breast cancer animal model experiments revealed that the synthesized derivatives can be used for decreasing tumor volume, while the most potent derivative () decreased the development of tumor volume by about 87.0% after 12 days.

In the present investigation, derivatives from (2–6) containing pyrimidine-2-thione moiety incorporated with different heterocycles such as pyrazoline, phenyl pyrazoline, and pyrimidine were synthesized using different methods. These pyrimidine-2-thione derivatives were evaluated in-silico for their capability to inhibit the H-RAS-GTP active form protein with insight to their pharmacokinetics properties. According to our findings, compound 5a was selected for in vitro studies as it has the in-silico top-ranked binding energy. Furthermore, compound 5a induced apoptosis to panels of cancer cell lines with the best IC50 on MCF-7 breast cancer cells (2.617 ± 1.6 µM). This effect was associated with the inhibition of phosphorylated RAS, JNK proteins, and PI3K/Akt genes expression. Thus, compound 5a has upregulated p21 gene and p53 protein levels. Moreover, 5a arrested the cell cycle progression at the sub-G0/G1 phase. In conclusion, the synthesized compound, 5a exhibited potent antineopl...

Within this research I have investigated the effect of pH and the ratio of gold to silica colloids on the formation of nanoshell precursor seed particles thereby leading to the optimization of the process by which gold nanoshells are formed. With a focus on nanoshells for the thermal ablation of cancer cells, 104.5 nm core shell particles having a peak resonance at 940 nm were formed. The study also presents two new methods by which 'textured' nanoshells may be formed for use in applications such as substrates for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. The thesis has also investigated the effect of temperature on the surface morphology of the gold nanoshells. Investigations in this respect have led to the finding that the formation of nanoshells at an elevated temperature allows for the generation of nanoshells having a smooth surface morphology, irrespective of the shell thickness.

Gold nanoparticles are produced in a liquid ("liquid chemical methods") by reduction of chloroauric acid (H[AuCl 4 ]), although more advanced and precise methods do exist. Gold nanoparticles are also found to distinguish between cancer cells and noncancerous cells. Another benefit is that the results are instantaneous. "If you take cells from a cancer stricken tissue and spray them with these gold nanoparticles that have this antibody you can see the results immediately. The scattering is so strong that you can detect a single particle. The interaction between light and gold nanostructures is not only useful for the treatment of cancer but also for its diagnosis.

Reactive disperse dyes containing monochlorotriazine/sulphatoethylsulphone reactive moieties were synthesized by condensing aniline with cyanuric chloride and further reacting it with a series of monoazo dyes obtained by diazotising 1-aminobenzene-4-β-sulphatoethylsulphone and coupling with various substituted 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole derivatives. The dyeing performance of the dyes was evaluated on polyester and wool fabrics. The dyes obtained gave various shades ranging from reddish to bright red colours. They had good depth and good levelling properties. They dyed fabrics showed moderate to good light fastness properties and very good to excellent fastness to washing and perspiration. The dye bath exhaustion on the polyester and wool fabrics were found to be very good and their fixation values were moderate.

Within this research I have investigated the effect of pH and the ratio of gold to silica colloids on the formation of nanoshell precursor seed particles thereby leading to the optimization of the process by which gold nanoshells are formed. With a focus on nanoshells for the thermal ablation of cancer cells, 104.5 nm core shell particles having a peak resonance at 940 nm were formed. The study also presents two new methods by which 'textured' nanoshells may be formed for use in applications such as substrates for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. The thesis has also investigated the effect of temperature on the surface morphology of the gold nanoshells. Investigations in this respect have led to the finding that the formation of nanoshells at an elevated temperature allows for the generation of nanoshells having a smooth surface morphology, irrespective of the shell thickness.

In this study chitosan samples of different nature, prepared by hydrolysis with HCL and modification by reaction with dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in methanol were applied to acrylic and polyester fabrics by paddry-cure method in presence and absence of binder (acrylate based copolymer). The pretreated samples were printed with acid dye. The effect of acid hydrolysis, modification, and concentration of chitosan on the color strength of the prints was investigated. The printed fabrics were evaluated for color yield and fastness properties. The color strength of the prints in presence of binder was three times higher than in its absence. The enhancment in color strength was relies mainly on N% of chitosan.

Steroids constitute a unique class of chemical compounds, playing an important role in physiopathological processes, and have high pharmacological interest. Additionally, steroids have been associated with a relatively low toxicity and high bioavailability. Nowadays, multiple steroidal derivatives are clinically available for the treatment of numerous diseases. Moreover, different structural modifications on their skeleton have been explored, aiming to develop compounds with new and improved pharmacological properties. Thus, steroidal arylidene derivatives emerged as a relevant example of these modifications. This family of compounds has been mainly described as 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and aromatase inhibitors, as well as neuroprotective and anticancer agents. Besides, due to their straightforward preparation and intrinsic chemical reactivity, steroidal arylidene derivatives are important synthetic intermediates for the preparation of other compounds, particularly be...

The interest in the introduction of the oxime group in molecules aiming to improve their biological effects is increasing. This work aimed to develop new steroidal oximes of the estrane series with potential antitumor interest. For this, several oximes were synthesized by reaction of hydroxylamine with the 17-ketone of estrone derivatives. Then, their cytotoxicity was evaluated in six cell lines. An estrogenicity assay, a cell cycle distribution analysis and a fluorescence microscopy study with Hoechst 3358 staining were performed with the most promising compound. In addition, molecular docking studies against estrogen receptor α, steroid sulfatase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and β-tubulin were also accomplished. The 2-nitroestrone oxime showed higher cytotoxicity than the parent compound on MCF-7 cancer cells. Furthermore, the oximes bearing halogen groups in A-ring evidenced selectivity for HepaRG cells. Remarkably, the Δ9,11-estrone oxime was the most cytotoxic and a...

The interest in the introduction of the oxime group in molecules aiming to improve their biological effects is increasing. This work aimed to develop new steroidal oximes of the estrane series with potential antitumor interest. For this, several oximes were synthesized by reaction of hydroxylamine with the 17-ketone of estrone derivatives. Then, their cytotoxicity was evaluated in six cell lines. An estrogenicity assay, a cell cycle distribution analysis and a fluorescence microscopy study with Hoechst 3358 staining were performed with the most promising compound. In addition, molecular docking studies against estrogen receptor α, steroid sulfatase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and β-tubulin were also accomplished. The 2-nitroestrone oxime showed higher cytotoxicity than the parent compound on MCF-7 cancer cells. Furthermore, the oximes bearing halogen groups in A-ring evidenced selectivity for HepaRG cells. Remarkably, the Δ9,11-estrone oxime was the most cytotoxic and arrested LNCaP cells in the G2/M phase. Fluorescence microscopy studies showed the presence of condensed DNA typical of prophase and condensed and fragmented nuclei characteristic of apoptosis. However, this oxime promoted the proliferation of T47-D cells. Interestingly, molecular docking studies estimated a strong interaction between Δ9,11-estrone oxime and estrogen receptor α and β-tubulin, which may account for the described effects.

Pressure experiments provide a unique opportunity to unravel new insights into glass-forming liquids by exploring its effect on the dynamics of viscous liquids and on the evolution of the glass transition temperature. Here we compare the pressure dependence of the onset of devitrification, T on , between two molecular glasses prepared from the same material but with extremely different ambient-pressure kinetic and thermodynamic stabilities. Our data clearly reveal that, while both glasses exhibit different dT on /dP values at low pressures, they evolve towards closer calorimetric devitrification temperature and pressure dependence as pressure increases. We tentatively interpret these results from the different densities of the starting materials at room temperature and pressure. Our data shows that at the probed pressures, the relaxation time of the glass into the supercooled liquid is determined by temperature and pressure similarly to the behaviour of liquids, but using stability-dependent parameters.

Steroids constitute a unique class of chemical compounds, playing an important role in physiopathological processes, and have high pharmacological interest. Additionally, steroids have been associated with a relatively low toxicity and high bioavailability. Nowadays, multiple steroidal derivatives are clinically available for the treatment of numerous diseases. Moreover, different structural modifications on their skeleton have been explored, aiming to develop compounds with new and improved pharmacological properties. Thus, steroidal arylidene derivatives emerged as a relevant example of these modifications. This family of compounds has been mainly described as 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and aromatase inhibitors, as well as neuroprotective and anticancer agents. Besides, due to their straightforward preparation and intrinsic chemical reactivity, steroidal arylidene derivatives are important synthetic intermediates for the preparation of other compounds, particularly be...

In this study, we synthesized novel sulfonamides with a 1,2,4-triazine moiety according to pharmacophore requirements for biological activity. All the synthesized compounds were tested in vitro to verify whether they exhibited anticancer activity against the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Among them, two most active ones, having IC50 values of 50 and 42 µM, respectively, were found to show higher anticancer activity than chlorambucil used as the reference in the in vitro tests. In addition, two other compounds, which had IC50 values of 78 and 91 µM, respectively, exhibited a similar level of activity as chlorambucil. X-ray analysis carried out for two of the compounds confirmed their synthesis pathway as well as their assumed molecular structures. Furthermore, a conformational analysis was performed, and electronic parameters of molecules were characterized using theoretical calculations at AM1 and DFT level. Moreover, molecular docking revealed the mode of bin...

Steroids have been the focus of important research throughout the scientific history. But the recent past has seen an exhaustive interest of research being diverted towards these biologically important molecules. It is probably because of the various advantages associated with steroid-based chemotherapeutics, as these compounds turn out to be non-toxic, less vulnerable to multidrug resistance and highly bioavailable because they are capable of penetrating the cell wall [1]. Although various modifications of steroids, including derivatization, cyclization, heterocyclization, etc., have been tried, as far as the literature precedents are concerned, little efforts have been made towards the efficient synthesis of steroidal based pyrimidines derivatives and simultaneous studies of in vitro DNA binding or of nuclease. Pyrimidine moiety containing molecules have been shown to exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities like anticancer [2,3], antiviral [4], antibacterial [5],

In this study, we synthesized novel sulfonamides with a 1,2,4-triazine moiety according to pharmacophore requirements for biological activity. All the synthesized compounds were tested in vitro to verify whether they exhibited anticancer activity against the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Among them, two most active ones, having IC50 values of 50 and 42 µM, respectively, were found to show higher anticancer activity than chlorambucil used as the reference in the in vitro tests. In addition, two other compounds, which had IC50 values of 78 and 91 µM, respectively, exhibited a similar level of activity as chlorambucil. X-ray analysis carried out for two of the compounds confirmed their synthesis pathway as well as their assumed molecular structures. Furthermore, a conformational analysis was performed, and electronic parameters of molecules were characterized using theoretical calculations at AM1 and DFT level. Moreover, molecular docking revealed the mode of bin...

This work reports on dyeing of nylon/elastane fabric with water-soluble phthalocyanines (1-4) bearing quinoline 5-sulfonic acid substituents on the peripheral or nonperipheral positions and determining the antibacterial efficiency of the phthalocyanine compounds and the dyed nylon/elastane fabrics. The light, washing, water, perspiration, and rubbing fastness properties of nylon/elastane fabrics dyed with phthalocyanines were also determined. The results showed that all dyed fabrics showed very good wet fastness values. The lightfastness value of the nylon/elastane fabric dyed with phthalocyanine dye (1) showed a much better value than the others. Also, the antibacterial efficiencies of the dyed nylon fabrics and the dye compounds were investigated against a gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and a grampositive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria by using disc diffusion method. The results showed that the dyed nylon/elastane fabrics and the compounds exhibited antibacterial activities against both bacteria.

Fiber optic telecommunication gives more benefits if compared to copper wire communication however, group velocity dispersion (GVD), fiber loss and also self-phase modulation (SPM) limit the performance of fiber optic telecommunication. When there is a balance between GVD and SPM, there exists a stable wave (optical soliton) which can propagate for long distance undistorted. In this study, the optical soliton simulation will be carried out using symmetrized split-step Fourier method (SSFM).

This work reports on dyeing of nylon/elastane fabric with water-soluble phthalocyanines (1-4) bearing quinoline 5-sulfonic acid substituents on the peripheral or nonperipheral positions and determining the antibacterial efficiency of the phthalocyanine compounds and the dyed nylon/elastane fabrics. The light, washing, water, perspiration, and rubbing fastness properties of nylon/elastane fabrics dyed with phthalocyanines were also determined. The results showed that all dyed fabrics showed very good wet fastness values. The lightfastness value of the nylon/elastane fabric dyed with phthalocyanine dye (1) showed a much better value than the others. Also, the antibacterial efficiencies of the dyed nylon fabrics and the dye compounds were investigated against a gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and a grampositive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria by using disc diffusion method. The results showed that the dyed nylon/elastane fabrics and the compounds exhibited antibacterial activities against both bacteria.

T hIs study deals with the utilization of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (siO 2 NPs) to treatment of wool and polyamide 6 fabrics. The fabrics treated with different concentrations of siO 2 NPs (5-20 g/l) using pad-dry-cure technique. The size of nano silicon dioxide particles measured with TEM. The surface morphology and surface chemical elements of treated and untreated fabrics were characterized through high-resolution scanning Electron Microscopy (sEM) and Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX), respectively. The untreated and treated wool and polyamide fabrics were characterized by FTIR. The effect of the treatment on dyability of both wool and polyamide 6 fabrics using different dyestuffs such as acid, basic and direct dyes is studied with applying innovation technique to save energy, water and time. For comparison, the same dyeing technique was carried out by using conventional heating technique. The colour strength and the fastness tests of the untreated and treated wool and polyamide 6 fabrics were evaluated. The effects of siO 2 NPs on the physical and multifunctional properties of the treated sample such as weight, thickness, UPF, antibacterial activity and moisture regain % were determined. The obtained results indicate that the optimization of dyeing process parameters as well as optimized treatment of both wool and polyamide fabrics with siO 2 NPs has a significant influence on the obtained shades and fastness properties.

A series of 16-(α-alkoxyalkane)-17-hydrazino-estra-1(10),2,4-trien[17,16-c]-3-ol (3a–l) and estra-1(10),2,4-trien-[17,16-c]pyrazoline-3-ol derivatives (4a–d) were synthesized from corresponding arylidines 2a,b which was prepared from estrone 1 as starting material. Condensation of 1 with aldehydes gave the corresponding arylidine derivatives 2a,b which were treated with hydrazine derivatives in alcohols to give the corresponding derivatives 3a–l, respectively. Additionally, treatment of 2a,b with methyl- or phenylhydrazine in ethanolic potassium hydroxide afforded the corresponding N-substituted pyrazoline derivatives 4a–d, respectively. All these derivatives showed potent anti-ovarian cancer both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of anti-ovarian cancer was suggested to process via topoisomerase II and V600EBRAF inhibition.

A series of estrone derivatives, ⁻, were synthesized from the corresponding arylidine estrone, ,, as starting materials, which were prepared by condensation of estrone (3-hydroxy-estran-17-one, 1) with 4-bromobenzaldehyde and thiophene-2-aldehyde. Treating of , with hydrazine derivatives in acetic acid or propionic acid afforded pyrazoline derivatives, ⁻ and ⁻, respectively. Furthermore, results proved the superiority of thienyl derivatives over 4-bromophenol derivatives in terms of cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cancer cells. In vivo xenograft breast cancer animal model experiments revealed that the synthesized derivatives can be used for decreasing tumor volume, while the most potent derivative () decreased the development of tumor volume by about 87.0% after 12 days.

Analyzing the chemical composition of archaeological glasses can provide an insight into their provenance and raw materials used in their making. However, to the authors’ knowledge, the historical production process itself and melting characteristics of the glasses have not yet been extensively investigated. The main focus of this paper is to describe the melting process of three main types of Bohemian historical glasses: Gothic (14th–1st half of 16th c.); Renaissance (16th–17th c.); and Baroque (end of 17th–18th c.). The model glasses were prepared from natural raw materials and processes that take place during melting were investigated using optical microscopy, SEM-EDS, XRD, and DTA-TG methods. Furthermore, the viscosity of model glasses and thermal dilatation was measured and used to calculate the reference viscosity points. The results illustrate the complexity of historical glass melting, as well as the technological progress between different periods.

Increasing demand for Natural dyes is evident due to the environmental concerns opening door for exploitation of various sources. In the present study, an attempt is made to dye polyester fabric with ancient source of natural dye, which has never been used for bulk scale dyeing of textiles so far due to generic draw backs such as low tinctorial capacity and performance properties. Chemical modification can overcome these inherent challenges of natural dye. The chemical modification is carried out by coupling natural dye with diazonium salts of primary amines to get natural source based azo dyes. Three different primary amines namely p-nitro aniline, p-amino phenol and aniline are used. The FT-IR spectra for these dyes indicates the presence of azo group around 1450 to 1520 cm-1 .These dyes were then applied on polyester fabrics in aqueous medium which produces brilliant shades with good fastness properties such as wash fastness, rubbing fastness, light fastness and sublimation fastn...

2-azido-1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives 1a,b were reacted with a β-ketoester such as acetylacetone in the presence of sodium ethoxide to obtain the desired molecules 2a,b. The latter acted as a key molecule for the synthesis of new carbazone derivatives 4a,b that were submitted to react with 2-oxo-N-phenyl-2-(phenylamino)acetohydrazonoyl chloride to obtain the target thiadiazole derivatives 6a,b. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were inferred from correct spectral and microanalytical data. Moreover, the newly prepared compounds were subjected to molecular docking studies with DNA gyrase B and exhibited binding energy that extended from −9.8 to −6.4 kcal/mol, which confirmed their excellent potency. The compounds 6a,b were found to be with the minimum binding energy (−9.7 and −9.8 kcal/mol) as compared to the standard drug ciprofloxacin (−7.4 kcal/mol) against the target enzyme DNA gyrase B. In addition, the newly synthesized compounds were also examined and screene...

The 1-(4-hexylbenzoyl)-3-methylthiourea compound has been successfully synthesized by reacting 4-hexylbenzoyl chloride and 1-methylthiourea via the reflux method using a triethylamine catalyst. The 1-(4-hexylbenzoyl)-3-methylthiourea compound was identified by UV-visible, FT-IR, 13 C/ 1 H-NMR and Mass spectrophotometry. From the activity test on four cancer cell lines (HeLa, T47D, WiDr and MCF7 cell), it could be seen that it had better activity on four cancer cells than the control, hydroxyurea.

A preliminary study on the chemical structure of dyes from Rothmannia hispidia, Pterocarpus osun and Terminalia superba was made using chemical tests, UV-visible and infrared spectroscopies. R. hispidia dye was found to contain an alkyl amino group (-NHR) and carbon-carbon double bond conjugated with a carbonyl (C = O) group, and also showed maximum absorption at 595 nm in the visible region. P. osun dye contains conjugated systems, hydroxyl (-OH) and amino (NHR) groups and showed maximum absorption at 506 nm in the visible region whereas T. superba dye is made up of conjugated system, nitro (NO 2) and hydroxyl (-OH) groups. It showed maximum absorption at 478 nm in the visible region.

T hIs study deals with the utilization of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (siO 2 NPs) to treatment of wool and polyamide 6 fabrics. The fabrics treated with different concentrations of siO 2 NPs (5-20 g/l) using pad-dry-cure technique. The size of nano silicon dioxide particles measured with TEM. The surface morphology and surface chemical elements of treated and untreated fabrics were characterized through high-resolution scanning Electron Microscopy (sEM) and Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX), respectively. The untreated and treated wool and polyamide fabrics were characterized by FTIR. The effect of the treatment on dyability of both wool and polyamide 6 fabrics using different dyestuffs such as acid, basic and direct dyes is studied with applying innovation technique to save energy, water and time. For comparison, the same dyeing technique was carried out by using conventional heating technique. The colour strength and the fastness tests of the untreated and treated wool and pol...

The acid dyes form a big class of dyes comprising compounds with various chemical constitutions. In this respect, metal complex acid dyes synthesized showed high affinity towards fabrics. These dyeing possess better wet-fastness property and have the advantage of the high light fastness. Our work focuses mainly on the synthesis and dyeing of eco-friendly acid dye metal complexes on wool fabrics which is one of the novel property . These dyes are eco-friendly having good washing fastness and so gives less residue in water effluent. This method produces substituted pyrazolone metal complex acid dyes in very high yield(85%), when aqueous metal solutions are reacted with 5-Bromo-2{[5-hydroxy-3-methyl]-1-{[2-methyl -5sulfophenyl)1Hpyrazol-4-yl]diazenyl} benzoicacid ( PC3). Also along with the application of dye on fabrics, study of exhaustion of the dye-bath, study of fixation of dye on the fabrics and the study of the fastness properties of the dyed patterns was carried out. The color y...

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death both in developing countries and across the globe. In Indonesia, cancer ranks as the fifth primary cause of death following heart disease, stroke, respiratory tract and diarrhea. Therefore, studies on thiourea derivative compounds as anticancer agents have been profoundly conducted but still require further continuous development. In the present study, we aimed to synthesize new anticancer compounds of N-(phenylcarbamothioyl)-benzamide derivatives, namely N-(phenylcarbamothioyl)-4-bromobenzamide and N-(phenylcarbamothioyl)-4-fluorobenzamide compounds and assess their activities against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The initial step was to predict the drug-receptor activity through docking between the tested compounds using epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (PDB code: 1M17). The compounds were futher synthesized from the reactions between benzoyl chloride derivatives and N-phenylthiourea. The structures of the new compounds were identified using FTIR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and mass spectra. The cytotoxic activities (IC 50) to breast cancer cells of MCF-7 N-(phenylcarbamothioyl)-4-bromobenzamide compound and N-(phenylcarbamothioyl)-4-fluorobenzamide were 0.27 mM and 0.31 mM, respectively. These two new compounds had better cytotoxic activities than those of the current hydroxyurea-based anticancer drugs (the reference compound) with an IC 50 value of 9.76 mM. Furthermore, these two new compounds were not toxic to Vero normal cells. Therefore, they possessed tremendous potentials as the candidates for new drugs against breast cancer.

Metal nanoshells are a novel type of composite spherical nanoparticle consisting of a dielectric core covered by a thin metallic shell which is typically gold. Nanoshells possess highly favorable optical and chemical properties for biomedical imaging and therapeutic applications. By varying the relative the dimensions of the core and the shell, the optical resonance of these nanoparticles can be precisely and systematically varied over a broad region ranging from the near-UV to the mid-infrared. This range includes the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength region where tissue transmissivity peaks. In addition to spectral tunability, nanoshells offer other advantages over conventional organic dyes including improved optical properties and reduced susceptibility to chemical/thermal denaturation. Furthermore, the same conjugation protocols used to bind biomolecules to gold colloid are easily modified for nanoshells. In this article, we first review the synthesis of gold nanoshells and illustrate how the core/shell ratio and overall size of a nanoshell influences its scattering and absorption properties. We then describe several examples of nanoshell-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches including the development of nanoshell bioconjugates for molecular imaging, the use of scattering nanoshells as contrast agents for optical coherence tomography (OCT), and the use of absorbing nanoshells in NIR thermal therapy of tumors.

Metal nanoshells are a novel type of composite spherical nanoparticle consisting of a dielectric core covered by a thin metallic shell which is typically gold. Nanoshells possess highly favorable optical and chemical properties for biomedical imaging and therapeutic applications. By varying the relative the dimensions of the core and the shell, the optical resonance of these nanoparticles can be precisely and systematically varied over a broad region ranging from the near-UV to the mid-infrared. This range includes the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength region where tissue transmissivity peaks. In addition to spectral tunability, nanoshells offer other advantages over conventional organic dyes including improved optical properties and reduced susceptibility to chemical/thermal denaturation. Furthermore, the same conjugation protocols used to bind biomolecules to gold colloid are easily modified for nanoshells. In this article, we first review the synthesis of gold nanoshells and illustrate how the core/shell ratio and overall size of a nanoshell influences its scattering and absorption properties. We then describe several examples of nanoshell-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches including the development of nanoshell bioconjugates for molecular imaging, the use of scattering nanoshells as contrast agents for optical coherence tomography (OCT), and the use of absorbing nanoshells in NIR thermal therapy of tumors.

The state-of-art of polyaluminosialates is reviewed in terms of inorganic hmersi showing the composition, degree of netting, function of modifying atoms and the role of non-bridging oxygen as well as hydroxyl groups (biocompatibility). The polymeric condensation is compared with the vitrification of glasses upon cooling. The replacement of Si by P is discussed as well as the analogous precipitation process of amorphous hydrous silica (opal). Progress of geopolymers and biopolymers usefulness is shown within the framework of generalized world of macromolecules screening hundred contemporary citations. Pultrusion technology is presented, capable to produce composite geopolymers reinforced by basalt fibers staying suitable for mechanical applications. Keywords Geopolymers Á Biopolymer Á Polysialate Á Polyphosphate Á Opal Á Non-bridging oxygen Á Hydroxyl group Á Pultrusion technology Reviewing geopolymers and their links with the classical state of quenched glasses As a matter of curiosity the novel so-called geopolymeric materials were introduced about 10 years ago on the pages of this journal [1, 2] by Davidovits (cf. Fig. 1). Geopolymers-X-ray-amorphous inorganic polysialates [1-5] are cementitious composites, which are commonly produced by idiosyncratic wet copolymerization (i.e., synthesis via solution) of the individual alumina and silica components [1-14]. Such a room-temperature synthesis process takes place when aluminosilicate source materials are dissolved in aqueous solution at very high pH yielding thus mostly non-crystalline zeolitic-like precursor, which is also termed as copolymer. The reactive Si-OH-based easysoluble monomers in water-glass rather easily penetrate into the structure of inserted solid Al-compounds. This can be compared with the case of a high-temperature melting process of precursor glass batch, where conversely the rigid structure of quartz sand is diffusion-disintegrated by the penetration of Ca, Na, Al atoms from their more easily melted compounds thus braking up the original-Si-O-Sistructure. Both routes factually represent a mutually comparable type of vitrification reactions equally facilitating ionic interactions by either the movable hydrated ions or the diffusible atoms in the melted viscous state. Aluminosilicate gels (zeolite precursors) are mostly synthesized [14-23] with the composition characterized by general formula M m [-(Si-O) z-Al-O] n ÁwH 2 O, where M m are modifying cations (mostly Na, K, Ca, Mg), n is the degree of polycondensation and z is structural ranking (1, 2, 3,…). Configurationally tetrahedrons SiO 4 and AlO 4 are mutually bonded by oxygen bridges forming thus Si-O-Al-based chains and rings. The positively charged M m ions ought to be compensated by the negative charge of four coordinated Al. Generated gel-like structure is partially amorphous or nanocrystalline depending on both the amount of initial solid matter and its nature (character of raw materials) as well as on the condition of the reaction conditions (pH). The amorphous state is primarily favored for a higher concentration of solid precursor in the preparatory suspension. The gel subsequently hardens into rigid geopolymers (resembling the glass formation upon the melt solidification), which may be characterized in a number of ways, J. Š esták (&) Á B. Foller NTC-New Technology, Research Centre in the Westbohemian Region,

Flash differential scanning calorimetry has been used to determine the glass transition response of the rapidly crystallizing energetic material, TNT. After heating at 600 K/s, it was found that for cooling rates from 1000 K/s to 10 K/s the glass transition changes from 247.5 K to 239.3 K. The dynamic fragility index was determined to be m=62 ± 6 and the activation energy determined from the range of cooling rates in which vitrification occurred was found to be 290 ± 16 kJ/mol. Crystallization was found to occur during cooling at rates below 0.3 K/s, whereas cold crystallization was found on subsequent heating after cooling between 10 K/s and 30 K/s. At cooling rates of 100 K/s and above, and for the same heating rate of 600 K/s investigated, the glass transition event was observed, but cold crystallization during heating did not occur. Hence, the crystallization behavior of the fully amorphous TNT upon heating depends on the cooling rate and vitrification path.

Reactive disperse dyes containing monochlorotriazine/sulphatoethylsulphone reactive moieties were synthesized by condensing aniline with cyanuric chloride and further reacting it with a series of monoazo dyes obtained by diazotising 1-aminobenzene-4-β-sulphatoethylsulphone and coupling with various substituted 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole derivatives. The dyeing performance of the dyes was evaluated on polyester and wool fabrics. The dyes obtained gave various shades ranging from reddish to bright red colours. They had good depth and good levelling properties. They dyed fabrics showed moderate to good light fastness properties and very good to excellent fastness to washing and perspiration. The dye bath exhaustion on the polyester and wool fabrics were found to be very good and their fixation values were moderate.