Strategic Management Accounting

La cuarta revolución industrial: una nueva oportunidad para la contabilidad de gestión Resumen: El nuevo orden mundial dado por la globalización y los avances tecnológicos, ha llevado a las organizaciones a una apertura e internacionalización de sus operaciones, lo cual ha hecho que estas replanteen sus estrategias corporativas en pro de satisfacer las nuevas exigencias de mercado, teniendo en cuenta la alta competitividad del sector en el que se encuentre inmerso; es así como se evidencia la necesidad de incorporar a los sistemas existentes en las organizaciones, el sistemas de gestión, sin embargo, cabe señalar que este tipo de sistemas ha quedado rezagado a ortodoxas metodologías empleadas en décadas anteriores, por lo que, ha venido perdiendo importancia a lo largo del tiempo, ya que, su aplicabilidad ha sido considerada costosa, desconocida y con pocos fundamentos legales. En concordancia, actualmente la contabilidad de gestión es fundamental para afrontar las nuevas dinámicas del mercado, puesto que se considera una herramienta esencial para evaluar el desempeño de los procesos y actividades que se ejecutan en la organización, así como para analizar los costos y la calidad, mejoramiento y transformación de procesos; en consecuencia, en el presente trabajo se pretenden identificar los retos, impactos y oportunidades que la cuarta revolución industrial trae inmersa a la contabilidad de gestión.

This study evaluates functional characteristics and risk orientation of non-rotating informal financial groups (IFGs) in Kirinyaga County, Kenya. While rotating informal financial groups have been widely studied, nonrotating groups remain under-explored in spite of their growing significance in enhancing access to financial services. The study employed a mixed-methods approach: descriptive survey of group members and key informant interviews involving community development officers. A target population of 60 non-rotating informal financial groups comprising 806 members that are registered with the County Department of Social Services was adopted. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and responses corroborated with key informant interviews. Before analysis using STATA software, data was coded. Study findings revealed that the institutional design of informal financial groups differed in terms of composition, size, activities and support. Functional characteristics such as manual operations, lending based on social capital, poor record keeping, dependence on external support and limited financial literacy rendered groups vulnerable to financial risks. To reduce risk exposure, enhance sustainability and strengthen informal financial groups as engines of economic empowerment, this study recommends strengthening of institutional design by encouraging fairly heterogeneous groups, hybrid models, designed targeted support, digitization of operations and institutionalized capacity building.

Resumo: Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir a aplicabilidade do Custeio e da Gestão Baseada em Atividades nas cooperativas agroindustriais. Inicialmente são descritos os conceitos renovados relatados pela literatura específica sobre essas ferramentas de gestão empresarial, considerando o método de Custeio Baseado em Atividades e os seus principais componentes, bem como a Gestão Baseada em Atividades e os principais benefícios gerados à gestão das organizações cooperativas agroindustriais. São também apresentados os principais processos de negócio desenvolvidos nessas organizações e os benefícios proporcionados aos gestores no sentido de que possam desenvolver um planejamento que leve em consideração os pontos fortes e os pontos fracos da empresa bem como a análise do desempenho das atividades desenvolvidas no âmbito de cada processo. Palavras-chave: Custeio. Gestão. ABC/ABM. Cooperativas. �outor�� �rofessor do �epartamento de �i�ncias �ontábeis da �niversidade �stadual de �outor�� �rofessor do �epartamento de �i�ncias �ontábeis da �niversidade �stadual de Maringá. �outor�� �rofessor do �epartamento de �i�ncias �ontábeis da �niversidade �stadual de �outor�� �rofessor do �epartamento de �i�ncias �ontábeis da �niversidade �stadual de Maringá. �outor�� �rofessor do �epartamento de �i�ncias �ontábeis da �niversidade �stadual de �outor�� �rofessor do �epartamento de �i�ncias �ontábeis da �niversidade �stadual de Maringá.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of multiple directorships (MDs) on shareholder value creation (SVC) for 101 non-financial companies listed in South Africa from 2013 to 2022. A quantitative quasi-experimental approach was employed to evaluate the hypotheses. Data sources included integrated annual reports, OSIRIS and Who Owns Who databases. The measures of MDs comprised the proportion of independent non-executive directors with multiple directorships (PINED_MD), dummy variables for this proportion (D_PINED_MD), and the average number of board seats held by INEDs (AVEBST_INED). SVC was measured using standard market value added (SMVA), market-to-book ratio (MTB) and Tobin's Q (TBQ). Fixed effects models (FEM) were used to test the hypotheses. The curvilinear quadratic FEM revealed that PINED_MD exhibited an inverted U-shaped effect on SMVA and MTB, attaining maximum value when PINED_MD was between 80% and 100%. In comparison, a U-shaped effect on TBQ reached a minimum turning point when PINED ranged between 20% and 40% of the INEDs. AVEBST_INED displayed an inverted U-shaped effect on all SVC measures that attained optimal values when AVEBST_INED was 12. The statistical results suggested that MDs can enhance or diminish shareholder value, consistent with the integration of reputation and busyness hypotheses. The study highlighted the necessity of imposing limits on MDs.

Aim/purpose-This research investigates the influence of environmental uncertainty on applying strategic management accounting among listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach-The study population comprises 76 manufacturing firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange as of December 2023, with a sample size of 60 firms derived using the Green (1991) formula. The data collection method involved administering a structured questionnaire. The independent variables include competition intensity, market turbulence, and environmental uncertainty, while the dependent variable is the application of strategic management accounting. The factor loading test confirmed the construct's validity and reliability, as indicated by Cronbach's alpha test and Bartlett's test of sphericity, which demonstrated internal consistency. Additionally, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test was used to verify the sampling adequacy. Pearson Correlation and variance inflation factor tests confirmed the absence of multi-collinearity, and multiple regression analysis was employed to estimate the model. Findings-The article reveal that competition intensity, market turbulence, and environmental uncertainty significantly influence strategic management accounting applications. Research implications and limitations-These findings have theoretical, managerial, and practical implications for manufacturing firms. They stress the importance of strategic management accounting in times of environmental uncertainty. The study recom

Financial  infractions  among  government  entities  in  Nigeria,  such  as  embezzlement  and misappropriation  of  public  funds,  have  persisted  largely  due  to  ineffective  auditing.  This  study aims to examine the impact of the auditing system on financial infractionsby specifically assessing the  impact  of  internal  controls  and  financial  audits  on  the  prevention  of  financial  infractions among  government  entities  in  Kwara  State,  Nigeria. The  Primary  data  was  collected  from a population of 295 auditors across 76 MDAs inKwara State. A descriptive survey research design was  employed,  involving  170  senior  employees  sampled  from  various  MDAs  in  Kwara  Statethrough a random sampling technique. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using Multiple Regression analysis. The findings revealed that internal controls have a positive impact on preventing financial infractions (β = 0.064, t = 2.848, p = 0.005), while financial audits have a negative and insignificant impact (β = -0.028, t = -0.306, p = 0.760). The study concluded that internal controls play a critical role in mitigating financial infractions within government  entities  in  Kwara  State,  whereas  financial  audits  appear  to  lack  effectiveness  in addressing  these  issues.  The  study  recommended  thatthe Kwara  State  Government  entities enhance internal controls through regular assessments and training, and improve transparency in audit reporting to better mitigate financial infractions

Purpose:  This study was conducted to find empirical evidence of a causal relationship between Strategy Type, Market Orientation, Organizational Size, and Strategic Costing SMA Technique of Village Owned Enterprises in Indonesia.   Theoretical framework: Information on management accounting strategies has a positive impact on company performance.  BUMDes is one of the public agencies that must account toward the public for such performance.   Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative approach with questionnaire as a data collection tool was created. This study identify the endogenous variables such as SMA Strategic Costing Techniques of Village Owned Enterprises in Indonesia. Besides, the exogenous variables are Deliberate Strategy, Market Orientation, and Organizational Size.   Findings: The implementation of SMA Strategic Costing Techniques in Village-Owned Enterprises in Indonesia is influenced by the type of Deliberate Strategy and Market Orientation, while Organizational Size...

This paper x-rays the underlying imperatives of development planning and vision for transformation in Nigeria. The objective therefore is to assess development planning and visions for both political and economic transformation in Nigeria, Survey design methodology is adopted and the paper also anchored on the analysis of Modernization Theory of Development which presents the society as moving in stages of development where some are in traditional state, pre-take off state, take off state, maturity and high mass consumption states. An exploration of several development plans and visions for transformation shows that despite several development plans and visions, Nigeria is still battling among less developed countries (LCD) of the world. The implication of this finding is that political insatiability, corruption and leadership vacuum have remained the major cogs in the realization of development goals in the country. Based on this, the paper recommended among other things that: Development planning shouldn't be politicized. It should be an act of parliament and should be designed in such a way that any change in government does not affect the plans; instead the new government should be made to continue from where the outgoing government stopped and hence, effective implementation of a development plan depends on the quality and quantity of statistical data. Therefore before planning for development, there should be available data to enhance the implementation of the plan.

O Brasil se consolidou como o maior produtor mundial de cana-de-açúcar, açúcar e álcool. A criação do Programa Nacional do Álcool -PROÁLCOOL e a utilização crescente de carros com motores flexíveis foram alguns dos fatores que ajudaram a incentivar ainda mais a produção. Evoluções na pesquisa agropecuária e industrial fizeram com que a competitividade brasileira em açúcar e álcool se elevasse mundialmente, o que é evidenciado tanto ao comparar a quantidade produzida no país como os custos de produção, que se tornaram um grande diferencial. Assim sendo, a gestão de custos é de grande relevância para as usinas, por representar uma significativa racionalização nos processos de produção, com economia de recursos e o alcance de melhores resultados, além de reduzir o risco operacional pertinente aos custos fixos de produção. Portanto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a estrutura de custos de usinas de açúcar e álcool da região Centro-Sul do país por meio de um estudo empírico-analítico fundamentado em metodologias e conceitos extraídos da contabilidade de custos. Verifica-se que grande parte dos custos e despesas operacionais têm comportamento variável, fator positivo para o setor ao diminuir o risco operacional da atividade. A limitação principal do estudo é a amostra de cinco anos e 10% do número de usinas no Brasil, que apesar de representarem 30% da produção nacional, não permitem a generalização do modelo.

Objective
Given that managers play a crucial role in grounded and old theories such as agency theory, stewardship theory, and contracts theory, the concept of managerial ability and its measurement has attracted the researchers' attention. Recent dominant perspective emphasizes that manager's ability is reflected in the firm's performance. Therefore, measuring managerial ability depends on the separation of the manager's performance from the firm's performance, and the more the manager's contribution to the company's performance, the higher ability he/she has. The current study seeks to develop a model to measure managerial ability, taking into account the unique circumstances of the country in which the companies operate.
Methods
To develop a model for measuring managerial ability, a comprehensive approach is applied including systematic literature review, interpretive analysis of interviews with experts, and a descriptive method. In systematic literature review domestic and foreign studies and reliable information sources and databases is applied based on specific related keywords. Additionally, interviews with experts such as executive managers, financial managers, internal and external auditors, and academics were analyzed using interpretive analysis based on chain sampling. To run and validate the designed model, data from 158 firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) across 12 industries from 2012 to 2021 is used. Triangulation was employed to evaluate the research validity, considering multiple dimensions including methodology, data, and the researchers. This rigorous approach ensures the reliability and robustness of the model developed for measuring managerial ability.

Several different approaches to Strategic Management Accounting (SMA) can be found in the literature of management ac counting since Simmonds (1981) coined the term. However, there is a little survey research about SMA practice, with the exception of the studies of and . The paper aims to enrich the fragmented knowledge on t he topic by a contingency research study based on an internet questionnaire survey on Italian companies. The study focuses on the characteristics at the heart of SMA techniques that may help in classifying and grouping them and on the investigation of vari ables that may influence/explain the use of SMA techniques within companies. Company size, industry and strategy (in the sub -dimensions of pattern, mission and positioning) are the variables considered in the exploration. The findings reveal that SMA techn iques appear to be extensively used. Attribute costing, Customer accounting, Strategic Pricing and Competitive Position Monitoring represent the most widely used SMA techniques. Four features of the pattern of Strategic Management Accounting practice emerg e clearly from the factor analysis: competitor, long run, process and customer orientation. In the correlation analysis only strategic positioning is weakly found to play a contingent role in SMA technique usage, while strategic pattern, strategic mission, company size and industry variables do not provide any results. Such a finding reveal that, surprisingly, SMA techniques adoption doesn't seem to be "strategy -driven".

Several different approaches to Strategic Management Accounting (SMA) can be found in the literature of management accounting since Simmonds (1981) coined the term. However, there is a little survey research about SMA practice, with the exception of the studies of and . The paper aims to enrich the fragmented knowledge on the topic by a contingency research study based o n an internet questionnaire survey on Italian companies. The study focuses on the characteristics at the heart of SMA techniques that may help in classifying and grouping them and on the investigation of variables that may influence/explain the use of SMA techniques within companies. Company size, industry and strategy (in the sub-dimensions of pattern, mission and positioning) are the variables considered in the exploration. ,The findings reveal that SMA techniques appear to be extensively used. Attribute costing, Customer accounting, Strategic Pricing and Competitive Position Monitoring represent the most widely used SMA techniques. Four features of the pattern of Strategic Management Accounting practice emerge clearly from the factor analysis: competitor, long run, process and customer orientation. In the correlation analysis only strategic positioning and, weakly, strategic mission are found to play a contingent role in SMA technique usage, while strategic pattern, company size and industry variables do not provide any results.

The FinTech innovation of e-money products in the financial sector has not gained sufficient recognition in Nigeria. Despite the numerous economic benefits associated with this innovation, physical cash for financial transactions is still prevalent. Banks are still experiencing some level of cash withdrawals and deposits by individuals who refuse to embrace modern technology. This study investigates fintech and how it affects economic development. In this study, we use banks' e-money products as the independent variables, while GDP is employed as a proxy for the economy. The data are collected from 20-2022 and are analyzed with multiple regression techniques using Eviews version 9 software. The result shows that all banks' e-money products have a significant favorable influence on the economy except the POS that is yet to gain momentum. The study suggests the full implementation of the cashless policy, proper education of the populace and guidelines to check electronic fraud.

This research aims to deepen the understanding of how the integration of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and strategic management accounting (SMA) as a strategic approach can positively impact community culture, alleviate deprivation in communities adjacent to industries, and contribute to the economic and managerial development of companies and industries. This study explores how to combine these two areas and identify an efficient model based on this integration. The primary focus is on how organizations can use CSR strategies to improve their economic, social, and environmental performance. Additionally this study seeks to offer solutions for enhancing social and environmental commitments to achieve sustainable development goals.

The paper assessed development plans in Nigeria using the present vision 20:2020 to evaluate the past development plans and determine future hope for the nation's development. The paper made use of assessment methods to analyze the impacts of various national development plans starting from first national development plan to the fourth; as well as the rolling plans and other development initiatives such as vision 2010, NEEDS 1 and NEEDS 2 and vision 20:2020. The major objective of this paper was to determine how development plans have impacted on the generality of the country both in human and infrastructural development. Using Modernization Theory of Development, the paper attempted to analyze various stages of development starting from the traditional society, the pre-takeoff , the takeoff , the maturity and the high mass consumption society. From the analysis, we note that despite several development plans in the country, Nigeria is still struggling for development and it goes further to wonder the ability to realize the vision of 20:2020. However, the paper concluded that despite the low achievement that marred the nation's development plans over the years, Nigeria must continue to plan the strategies for development, hence, the challenge is not on the availability of both material and financial resources that would take Nigeria to the glory land, but the challenge has always been on how to push these resources to realize the set objectives. It therefore recommended among other things: that development plans in Nigeria should not be politicized and the need to employ all state powers and apparatuses towards every development plans and initiatives in Nigeria. The desire to realize development objectives should be paramount to the leaders and development initiators.

This study seeks to substantiate its proposition through two research objectives: (1) To investigate the impact of customer accounting (CA) information usage on companies’ performance; and (2) to determine the moderating effect of perceived environmental uncertainty (PEU) on the relationship between CA information and companies’ performance. This study develops a theoretical framework by applying interaction fit. To answer the research questions, the study follows a sequential explanatory design and the data is collected in two phases. In the first phase, 172 questionnaires are distributed to managers, of which 97 questionnaires are deemed usable. The results of this stage indicate that CA information usage significantly influences organizational performance, and that there is a moderating effect of PEU on the relationship between CA information and organizational performance. The second phase aims to validate the quantitative results via seven semi-structured interviews. The result...

This study seeks to substantiate its proposition through two research objectives: (1) To investigate the impact of customer accounting (CA) information usage on companies’ performance; and (2) to determine the moderating effect of perceived environmental uncertainty (PEU) on the relationship between CA information and companies’ performance. This study develops a theoretical framework by applying interaction fit. To answer the research questions, the study follows a sequential explanatory design and the data is collected in two phases. In the first phase, 172 questionnaires are distributed to managers, of which 97 questionnaires are deemed usable. The results of this stage indicate that CA information usage significantly influences organizational performance, and that there is a moderating effect of PEU on the relationship between CA information and organizational performance. The second phase aims to validate the quantitative results via seven semi-structured interviews. The result...

Strategic Management Accounting (SMA) has emerged as a vital tool for organizations navigating dynamic and competitive business environments. While extensively studied in developed economies, research on SMA adoption in emerging markets, particularly in service-oriented economies like Sri Lanka, remains scarce. This study examines the extent of SMA usage in Sri Lankan service firms and investigates the impact of demographic factors such as firm size, industry type, and managerial experience on SMA adoption. Using a quantitative survey-based approach, data was collected from 202 service sector firms spanning industries such as banking, insurance, healthcare, hospitality, and information technology (IT). The results indicate that strategic pricing (M = 5.04), competitor position monitoring (M = 4.97), and customer profitability analysis (M = 4.96) are the most frequently employed SMA techniques, whereas life-cycle costing (M = 3.93) and lifetime customer profitability analysis (M = 3.98) are underutilized. Findings also reveal that listed firms and larger organizations demonstrate higher SMA adoption rates, whereas smaller firms face challenges due to resource constraints and a lack of expertise. This research contributes to the limited body of SMA literature in developing countries by offering empirical insights into the Sri Lankan service sector. The findings hold practical implications for policymakers, professional accountants, and industry leaders, emphasizing the need for targeted training programs, regulatory support, and digital transformation strategies to enhance SMA adoption.

When management accounting was introduced as an advanced version of cost accounting after second world war its early advocates had claimed that it would make accounting more useful in assisting managers in their decision making function. As the discipline has failed to live up to the promise now strategic management accounting has been presented as a messiah for the discipline of accounting. New promises have been made that while the traditional management accounting failed to make use of strategic thinking and other qualitative aspects of management the new discipline is likely to make accounting more relevant and important for managers. The empirical evidence on successful diffusion of strategic management accounting is still not overwhelming. It is therefore yet to be seen if strategic management accounting can live up to its promise in future or not.

The present study investigates 10 private commercial banks' human resource accounting disclosure practices listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange in Bangladesh. This study was secondary data in nature for 5 years (2019)(2020)(2021)(2022)(2023). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, tabulation, graphical representation, correlation of coefficients and multiple regression model. The findings demonstrates that financial institutions' accounting disclosures for human resources are on medium stage. Shahjalal Islami Bank PLC performs the most HRAD information while NCC Bank PLC discloses the least information. About 10 banks' financial performance as Return on Assets (ROA) depends on human resource cost as Staff Training Cost (STC). The study has implications for optimal/high standard practices on human resource accounting and valuable insights on HR cost as a main source of financial performance development.

The study explores the relationship between organizational culture and financial performance, focusing on Qatari-listed companies. Drawing from existing literature, the research emphasizes the critical role of culture in shaping an organization's strategy, coordination, and overall performance. The study utilizes Denison's Organizational Culture Model, examining traits such as involvement, consistency, adaptability, and mission, and their influence on financial metrics like return on assets (ROA), return on sales (ROS), and return on investment (ROI). Quantitative data was collected through surveys and financial reports, focusing on 40 companies listed on the Qatar Exchange. The analysis reveals varying correlations between organizational culture traits and financial performance. Specifically, the involvement trait showed a moderate negative correlation with financial performance, particularly ROA and ROI. However, the study finds no statistically significant relationship between other cultural traits, such as mission and adaptability, and financial outcomes. The findings suggest that organizational culture plays a role in financial performance but may not be the sole determinant. The research calls for a broader understanding of cultural influences and highlights the need for top management to foster a more comprehensive view of organizational culture. Recommendations include strengthening cultural awareness and aligning strategic initiatives with cultural traits to drive sustainable growth.

Strategic Management Accounting (SMA) has emerged as an important discipline that bridges the gap between traditional management accounting and strategic decision-making. Unlike conventional approaches that focus primarily on internal financial metrics, SMA integrates external market-driven perspectives, providing organizations with a comprehensive framework for competitive advantage. This paper presents a detailed literature review of SMA, tracing its historical evolution, key definitions, techniques, and challenges. The review highlights various SMA techniques, including benchmarking, competitor analysis, strategic pricing, and value chain costing, which have been instrumental in aligning financial data with business strategy. However, despite its strategic importance, SMA faces significant challenges such as the lack of a universal definition, inconsistent implementation across industries, and barriers related to data availability and technological integration. The paper also emphasizes the role of digital transformation in reshaping SMA practices, particularly through artificial intelligence (AI) and big data analytics, which offer enhanced decision-making capabilities. Future research should focus on standardizing SMA frameworks, addressing implementation barriers, and integrating sustainability considerations to further enhance its relevance in contemporary business environments. As companies navigate increasingly complex and dynamic markets, the adoption of SMA will be critical for long-term strategic planning and performance optimization.

A competição existente no atual cenário econômico força as organizações a buscarem técnicas gerenciais que possam direcionar com mais rapidez as decisões no ambiente em que se encontram inseridas como forma de alcançar estratégia competitiva. A partir do exposto, buscou-se analisar um setor de produção no qual a bibliografia disponível não tem enfatizado estudos de natureza empírica, o setor salineiro. O objetivo deste estudo concentra-se em verificar como as informações de custos são utilizadas no processo decisório de uma empresa salineira no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Procurou-se efetuar uma caracterização da empresa desde a extração do produto, o seu beneficiamento e conseqüentemente a produção acabada, tendo como principal foco a análise dos custos existentes. O instrumento de trabalho utilizado partiu de um questionário que buscou captar dados relevantes necessários para o conhecimento dos custos utilizados pela empresa investigada. Detectou-se quais os custos mais relevantes e quais técnicas utilizadas no processo produtivo no tocante a tomada de decisões, efetuando uma comparação à luz da teoria existente. Palavras-chave: Custos, Processo decisório, Empresa salineira. No atual cenário econômico é cada vez mais complexa a atuação das empresas. Nesse ambiente de competição, as organizações buscam adotar estratégias inovadoras e de forte relevância para viabilizar a tomada de decisões. Informações de custos utilizadas no processo decisório de uma empresa salineira do Rio Grande do Norte Carvalho, J. R. M de; Caldas Neto, C; Araújo, A. O.

Business organizations in Nigeria have been faced with the herculean task of sustaining high performance and productivity in view of the harsh socio-economic environment and conditions in which the businesses operate (Alaka, Tijani & Abass, 2011). In view of this, strategic planning becomes the process through which organizations can predict changes in the environment and act proactively (Adeleke, Ogundele & Oyenuga, 2008; Uvah, 2005). Literature has it that without a clearly defined strategy, a business will have no sustainable basis for creating and maintaining a competitive advantage in the industry it operates (McllquhamSchmidt, 2010; Robinson, Bergman & Counter 2008; Veskarisri, Chan & Pollard, 2007). Planning is so critical to the development of business ventures over the years, due to its effective Abstract: Business organizations are faced with the herculean task of sustaining high performance and productivity due to the harsh socio-economic conditions and environment in whi...

The study examined the effect of strategic management accounting on performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. A sample size of one hundred (100) was drawn from a population of 400 SMEs engaged in manufacturing using systematic sampling method. Data were generated from administration of questions responded to by four officers selected from each of the SMEs in the sample. The mean scores on the strategic management tools were employed to determine the extent of their usage while multiple regression and simple regression analyses were employed for analysis of the effect of strategic management accounting (SMA) tools and SMA on organizational performance. The study found that strategic costing, strategic decision-making and strategic management accounting have high usage, while competitor accounting and customer accounting were moderately used. From the multiple regression analysis, strategic costing, strategic decision-making, competitor accounting and customer accounting have positive significant effect on organization performance. Strategic management accounting was found to have positive significant effect on organizational performance from the simple regression analysis. The study therefore, recommended extensive use of strategic management accounting by SMEs in order to attain desired organizational performance.

Management accounting being grounded in the operational reality is among the field studies that is best suited to help the organizations of all kind to make the best use of those three crucial challenges of the contemporary social and economic realitiesglobalization, IT and sustainable development. This in turn creates the need for a single theory that integrates the basic leadingedge techniques of today's management accounting concerning the formulation and implementation of an organization strategy. However, the efforts during the last 40 years have proven that it is very difficult to devise a theory to describe the strategic management accounting all in one go. Instead, it turns out to be more easily to break up the problem up into bitsand to try to solve follwoing a stepwise pattern. The object of the paper is to study the evolution of the concept of SMA, as a new accounting concept worldwide and especially as a brand new concept in Albania. The aim is to define SMA based on a systematic literature review of the historical and logical evolution of its concept. Although there is no consensus on the methods used in accounting studies, it has always been appropriate to analyse the problems within a general philosophical framework. Parallel to that, tthe paper aims to offer a historical perspective of the concept and focuses more on definitions, processes, features and future research directions.

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a key role in advancing the growth, and performance of SMEs especially in emerging markets like Zimbabwe (Musabayana et al., 2023). In recent years SMEs in emerging markets have failed to embrace strategic financial management practices (SFMP) considered a key driver to business growth . Hence, the aim of the study was to assess the importance of SFMP in emerging markets employing the mixed methods design that includes the quantitative, and qualitative methods gathering data from a target population of 640 SMEs selected from various sectors. Data was gathered from a sample of 240 participants using the questionnaire and 21 participants using open-ended interviews respectively. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics while cloud-maps analysed qualitative data. The study findings revealed that SFMPs were critically important for decisionmaking as they assist stakeholders and owner-managers in the development of the business' vision, and mission statement, and preparation of financial management systems that enhance performance. SFMPs were also important for planning, budgeting, and decision-making. Drawing from the notable critical importance of vision and mission statements, the study recommended that every SME must develop a vision and mission statement as a priority to chart a way forward. The study finally recommended that similar studies be conducted in developing countries to promote the growth and performance of SMEs and also adds evidence to the corpus of literature that strategic financial management is important for SME performance.

HUBUNGAN KEADILAN ORGANISASI DAN KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN RUMAH MAKAN PADANG YANG DIKELOLA SECARA TRADISIONAL ABSTRAK Penelitian ini menggambarkan sistem manajemen tradisional restoran Padang yang khas berdasarkan bagi hasil (sistem mato) antara pemilik dan pekerja, mengukur kepuasan kerja dan penilaian para pekerja mengenai tiga aspek keadilan organisasi (distributif, presedural, dan interaksional), dan menganalisis hubungan antara kepuasan kerja dan tiga aspek keadilan organisasi. Selain mewawancarai informan kunci, semua 42 pekerja dari tiga restoran skala kecil di Padang diwawancarai menggunakan kuesioner untuk mengukur kepuasan kerja dan penilaian mereka tentang keadilan organisasi dengan menggunakan Skala Likert. Hubungan antar variabel dievaluasi dengan menggunakan koefisien korelasi Rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa praktik manajemen tradisional Restoran Padang telah sedikit berubah dengan memperkenalkan upah harian minimum untuk para pekerja. Dalam hal ke...

This study examined the effect of religiosity, tax knowledge and public governance quality on taxpayers' compliance in Southwest, Nigeria. Descriptive research of a survey type was adopted and the study covered all the registered 23,289 SMEs across all the states in the Southwest region of Nigeria; out of which, 393 was sampled using proportionate and convenience sampling techniques. A close ended questionnaire was used to elicit the needed information from the sampled respondents across the study location. Pearson correlation and simple linear regression were used to analysis the responses of the respondents. However, before the administration of the instrument, validity and reliability of the instrument were carried out. It was discovered that religiosity, tax knowledge and public governance quality have a positive and significant effect on tax compliance among SMEs in Southwest, Nigeria. Based on the discoveries made, it was concluded that there is a statistically significant effect of religiosity, tax knowledge and public governance quality on taxpayers' compliance in Southwest, Nigeria. Thus, it was recommended that effort must be made by governments at all levels to engage in activities that indicates their sense of accountability to Nigerians. The perception of quality of governance should be improved by imbibing the tenets of representative democracy which will encourage tax payers to comply with tax laws and regulations.

This study examines the effect of financial inclusion and financial technology on the performance of SMEs in Ekiti State. The study adopted descriptive survey research and covered all the registered 928 SMEs in Ekiti State, Nigeria; out of which 282 SMEs were sampled across the senatorial district in Ekiti State. A close-ended questionnaire was used to elicit the needed information from the sampled respondents across the study location. Pearson correlation and simple linear regression were used to analyze the responses of the respondents. However, before the administration of the instrument, validity and reliability of the instrument were carried out. It was discovered that there is a positive significant effect of availability of financial services on the performance of SMEs in Ekiti State proxied with customer satisfaction and profitability to the tune of 0.608 (p=0.036<0.05) for customer satisfaction and 0.384(p=0.002<0.05) for profitability. Also, it was revealed that a positively significant relationship exists between financial literary programs and customer satisfaction and profitability of SMEs in Ekiti State to the tune of 0.485 (p=0.042<0.05) and 0.841 (p=0.022<0.05) respectively. Furthermore, it was revealed that there is a positive significant effect of point of sales (POS) on the performance of SMEs measured with customer satisfaction and profitability in Ekiti State to the tune of 0.625 (p=0.017<0.05) for customer satisfaction and 0.434 (p=0.048<0.05) for profitability. From the findings made, it was concluded that both financial inclusion and technology contribute significantly to the performance of SMEs in Ekiti State. Based on the findings, it is therefore recommended that the owners of SMEs should engage themselves in financial literary programs.

The significance of small and medium-sized companies' (SMEs) sustainability in Zimbabwe stems mostly from their contribution to the GDP of the nation. However, the primary cause of Zimbabwe's high SME failure rate is the owners' and managers' insufficient managerial expertise. This study looked into how management accounting techniques contributed to Zimbabwe's SMEs' success. The goals were to categorise the different kinds of management accounting practices utilised by SMEs, investigate the variables influencing SMEs' adoption of these practices, assess the degree to which SMEs employ these practices, and investigate the role that these practices play in SMEs' success. The study employed a quantitative methodology through the distribution of self-administered questionnaires to participants via mail.
Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data and summarise the respondents' viewpoints. Version 25 of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the results. The study's conclusions show that while management accounting techniques were not frequently employed, traditional and process costing were the most widely used costing systems. The accounting rate of return was the most often utilised instrument for decision assistance and investment appraisal, followed by the payback method, pertinent costs, and revenues. SMEs in Zimbabwe also employed planning and control strategies like production costing and sales budgeting.
Lack of education and experience, as well as the expense of hiring management accountants, are factors that influence the application of management accounting techniques. Planning and performance were found to be positively correlated with management accounting procedures. Financial, human resource, and technology challenges are among the difficulties that SMEs encounter. According to the survey, managers and owners of SMEs should hire management accountants, go through management accounting training, or outsource the management accounting task. SMEs may find that better decision-making and cost controls result from the use of management accounting techniques.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh konsep pengelolaan sumber daya manusia syariah yang diimplementasikan pada Bank Syariah Mandiri cabang Padang, Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini tergolong penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang didapat secara langsung dari informan dan data sekunder diperoleh dari dokumen-dokumen yang relevan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsep pengelolaan sumber daya manusia syariah sudah diimplementasikan pada Bank

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh konsep pengelolaan sumber daya manusia syariah yang diimplementasikan pada Bank Syariah Mandiri cabang Padang, Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini tergolong penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang didapat secara langsung dari informan dan data sekunder diperoleh dari dokumen-dokumen yang relevan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsep pengelolaan sumber daya manusia syariah sudah diimplementasikan pada Bank Syariah Mandiri cabang Padang, Sumatera Barat.

The applicability of costs and management based on activities in agro-industrial cooperatives are discussed in this article. First�� the reestablished concepts reported by the literature about these tools of entrepreneurship management are described�� considering the method of �osts based upon Activities and its main components�� as well as the Activity-based Management and the main benefits provided for the management of the agro-industrial cooperative organizations. The article also considers the main processes of business developed in these organizations and the benefits that are made available to the managers in order for them to develop a planning that accounts for the strong and weak aspects of the enterprise�� as well as the performance analysis of the activities developed within the scope of each process.

Strategic management accounting (SMA) provides managers with a framework of technical groups that help businesses plan, control, and evaluate performance. Many businesses around the world operating in different fields have applied strategic management accounting. Vietnamese enterprises in general and animal feed manufacturers in Hanoi in particular need to apply SMA techniques in a highly competitive environment. However, due to many reasons, the use of SMA in animal feed enterprises in Hanoi is still low. This greatly affects the performance of businesses. In order to improve management efficiency and help businesses stand firm in a competitive economy, managers need to be equipped with modern management knowledge with the support of accounting information system management in general, and SMA in particular to provide appropriate and timely information to serve decision-making administrators.

In today's rapidly evolving and highly competitive business environment, organizations seek sustainable competitive advantages and enhanced performance through strategic management accounting (SMA). This comprehensive literature review explores the tools and techniques of SMA, bridging the gap between financial accounting and strategic decision-making. The study identifies and categorizes a wide range of SMA tools, including activity-based costing, balanced scorecard, value chain analysis, benchmarking, customer accounting and competitor accounting. The review highlights the significance of SMA in aligning financial and non-financial information with strategic objectives, facilitating informed decision-making, and improving organizational competitiveness and financial performance. Key findings emphasize the practical applications of SMA tools across various industries and sectors, as well as the challenges and ambiguities surrounding their impact assessment. The study also identifies gaps in the existing literature, particularly the need for more comprehensive insights into the contextual factors influencing the effectiveness of SMA tools. This review provides valuable insights for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers, offering a foundation for future research and practical guidance on leveraging SMA tools in today's dynamic business landscape.

When management accounting was introduced as an advanced version of cost accounting after second world war its early advocates had claimed that it would make accounting more useful in assisting managers in their decision making function. As the discipline has failed to live up to the promise now strategic management accounting has been presented as a messiah for the discipline of accounting. New promises have been made that while the traditional management accounting failed to make use of strategic thinking and other qualitative aspects of management the new discipline is likely to make accounting more relevant and important for managers. The empirical evidence on successful diffusion of strategic management accounting is still not overwhelming. It is therefore yet to be seen if strategic management accounting can live up to its promise in future or not.

Decision making is a critical aspect of any organization. There are various sources of information for decision making, one such source is management accounting. For a long time management accountants have been accused of providing information that has an inward looking bias, and ignoring the strategic perspective of the business. This paper has reviewed the documented literature on the use of Strategic Management Accounting (SMA)  and its role in providing information that has the strategic perspective of the business.  In the early 1980’s a new school of thought emerged and was advocated by Simmonds and other early adopters. The aim of this paper is to find out the extent of use of Strategic Management Accounting (SMA) or in some instances Strategic Cost Management (SCM) in business. Empirical review shows different views on the application of SMA techniques. The conclusion is that there is no strong evidence on the use of SMA.

Objetivo: analisar como são constituídas as identidades profissionais dos contadores no papel de controllers business partners à luz dos processos de socialização nos sistemas de ação nos quais estão inseridos. Método: utilizou-se a abordagem sociológica de Claude Dubar, pautada na identidade profissional. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais contadores controllers e a respectiva alta gestão de cada empresa. Coletou-se também dados dos participantes por meio de formulário on-line. Foi um estudo qualitativo com categorias gerais a priori e pesquisa indutiva que identificou, a posteriori, elementos constitutivos da identidade profissional, por meio de análise de conteúdo e análise narrativa, amparadas pelo software QSR NVivo®. Resultados: evidências empíricas corroboram o argumento de que a identidade profissional desses controllers business partners é constituída por uma amplitude de elementos articulados entre transação objetiva e subjetiva: centralidade d...

When management accounting was introduced as an advanced version of cost accounting after second world war its early advocates had claimed that it would make accounting more useful in assisting managers in their decision making function. As the discipline has failed to live up to the promise now strategic management accounting has been presented as a messiah for the discipline of accounting. New promises have been made that while the traditional management accounting failed to make use of strategic thinking and other qualitative aspects of management the new discipline is likely to make accounting more relevant and important for managers. The empirical evidence on successful diffusion of strategic management accounting is still not overwhelming. It is therefore yet to be seen if strategic management accounting can live up to its promise in future or not.

Este artigo analisa as politicas de relacionamento de empresas do agronegocio com clientes e fornecedores e qual a influencia da cultura regional neste processo. Com abordagem qualitativa, metodo de estudo de casos, observou-se que as quatro empresas pesquisadas pouco levam em conta a cultura regional, pois suas politicas de relacionamento, bem como sua gestao, sao definidas com enfase global com ajustes e adequacoes mais de natureza politico-legal, economica e geografica. Apesar disso, na pratica cotidiana sao identificados tracos da cultura regional que poderiam ser observados na definicao de politicas de relacionamento externo, com vistas a melhoria do dialogo e adaptacao.

O estudo tem por objetivo identificar a estrutura da controladoria nas organizacoes industriais de Santa Catarina. A pesquisa e caracterizada como descritiva quanto aos objetivos, de natureza quantitativa e quanto aos procedimentos e caracterizada como de levantamento ou survey . A amostra do estudo e composta por 69 empresas do segmento industrial, localizadas no estado de Santa Catarina, sendo que o questionario foi respondido pelos responsaveis do setor de controladoria ou gestores das industrias da amostra. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que a classificacao hierarquica da controladoria na estrutura das empresas nao tem relacao com seu nivel de autoridade, pois na maioria das organizacoes apresenta-se como orgao de assessoria. Quanto a estrutura interna que permite a identificacao da controladoria, para 19 empresas ela se apresenta como um departamento/setor especifico, em 41 empresas a controladoria existe por meio de diversos setores e departamentos, e para 10 empresas nao ex...

Resource Consumption Accounting (RCA) is a comprehensive and integrated management accounting system. It is an integration of Activity Based Costing with the German Cost Management System (GPK-Grenzplankostenrehnung) which has been successfully practiced for decades. RCA is based on the measurement of cost allocation and computes centered on the quantity. The purposes of this study are to explain the main principles of RCA (that is known as the last link of costing methods), to show how it works and to create a basis for future studies.

The book series 'Contributions to Finance and Accounting' features the latest research from research areas like financial management, investment, capital markets, financial institutions, FinTech and financial innovation, accounting methods and standards, reporting, and corporate governance, among others. Books published in this series are primarily monographs and edited volumes that present new research results, both theoretical and empirical, on a clearly defined topic. All books are published in print and digital formats and disseminated globally.

The aim of this study is to calculate the costs incurred by the enterprises using the Resource Consumption Accounting (RCA) Method and to determine the differences of RCA from the Activity Based Costing (ABC) Method. For this purpose, a case study was conducted in a private school providing education services in the TRA2 Region. Primary and secondary data are the sources of the study. Primary data were obtained through direct observations in the private school and interviews with the staff, while secondary data were obtained from various sources in the literature. As a result of the application, calculations made with RCA showed that RCA reaches more accurate cost information and analyzes the costs and evaluates the results better than ABC.

La cuarta revolución industrial: una nueva oportunidad para la contabilidad de gestión Resumen: El nuevo orden mundial dado por la globalización y los avances tecnológicos, ha llevado a las organizaciones a una apertura e internacionalización de sus operaciones, lo cual ha hecho que estas replanteen sus estrategias corporativas en pro de satisfacer las nuevas exigencias de mercado, teniendo en cuenta la alta competitividad del sector en el que se encuentre inmerso; es así como se evidencia la necesidad de incorporar a los sistemas existentes en las organizaciones, el sistemas de gestión, sin embargo, cabe señalar que este tipo de sistemas ha quedado rezagado a ortodoxas metodologías empleadas en décadas anteriores, por lo que, ha venido perdiendo importancia a lo largo del tiempo, ya que, su aplicabilidad ha sido considerada costosa, desconocida y con pocos fundamentos legales. En concordancia, actualmente la contabilidad de gestión es fundamental para afrontar las nuevas dinámicas del mercado, puesto que se considera una herramienta esencial para evaluar el desempeño de los procesos y actividades que se ejecutan en la organización, así como para analizar los costos y la calidad, mejoramiento y transformación de procesos; en consecuencia, en el presente trabajo se pretenden identificar los retos, impactos y oportunidades que la cuarta revolución industrial trae inmersa a la contabilidad de gestión.

Este artigo discute as idéias correntes sobre controle de gestão à luz de uma perspectiva emocional, intuitiva, social, estratégica e global. Deste modo, ele não lida com os procedimentos rotineiros da contabilidade. Os autores examinam a literatura de contabilidade de gestão e sistemas de controle, de modo a propiciar o desenvolvimento de um plano de referência que possa atender às necessidades de acadêmicos e dirigentes. A principal mensagem deste artigo é que não existe fórmula mágica para solucionar os problemas da nova organização, como aquelas defendidas pelos gurus contemporâneos. A competitividade e complexidade do mundo atual não concebe mais as abordagens tayloristas ou o uso exclusivo de medidas quantitativas no desenho dos sistemas de controle de gestão. Os depoimentos e descrições de casos reais, são exemplos interessantes de situações de controle de gestão que nos conduzem a refletir sobre a nova maneira de pensar controle.

PRAN-RFL group is one of the prominent organizations in Bangladesh. Since it is a vast company with diverse brands. The primary focus of this report is PRAN food and beverages.  The report is about how the group is doing in terms of managing the company’s key components with the help of interviews and secondary sources. After a brief introduction about the group, the report has included a comprehensive analysis of the business, the various business-level strategies they are using, analysis of corporate-level strategies, flow charts to identify the corporate hierarchy and the key decision makers, the competitive advantage of the company, the range of markets in which they operate, the overall culture of the company. Later, this report has reflected on the company's leadership and its effectiveness. Finally, the report has recommended a few things the organization should consider to maintain its legacy.

Research Purposes. This article aims to provide ideas on how to implement a profit-sharing payroll system based on Pancasila philosophy. Research Methods. Based on the assumptions we built, the profit-sharing payroll system based on Pancasila, not only increases productivity and profitability, but also employee loyalty. Research Results and Findings. With a profit-sharing payroll system based on the Pancasila philosophy, the relationship between workers and employers is based on good values, such as being honest, fair, helping each other. These values of kindness make working relationships not solely for personal gain but also considering the interests of others as a form of carrying out the commands of God Almighty.