Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

This paper is concerned with one of the three types of variation inherent in language -viz. register variation, or variation in meaning according to context of use. It reports on a long-term research programme designed to map the registers that collectively make up a language using one parameter within the context of use as the starting point -the field of activity characteristic the context in which a text of a given register unfolds. I present a typology/ topology of fields of activity, and go on to show how different types of activity favour different logico-semantic relations in the global organization of texts instantiating different registers. I then also illustrate registerial variation in the lexicogrammatical realization of logico-semantic relations. The part of the long-term research I focus on here is thus concerned with registerial variation relating to the chain of realizations from context (field of activity) to semantics (logico-semantic relations), and from semantics (logico-semantic relations) to lexicogrammatical realizations (with particular attention to congruence, i.e. congruent vs. incongruent realizations). At the end of the paper, I suggest that registerial cartography is an integral part of the development of appliable linguistics, a synthesis approach to language transcending the thesis and antithesis pair of theoretical linguistics and applied linguistics. Language is inherently variable, languages are inherently variable: variability is part of the power of language -the power to adapt to socially very diverse and ever-changing contexts, at the same time contributing to the constant change. As languages evolve, they tend to remain stable because they are inherently variable, adapting to changing conditions of use; their stability is of a higher order: languages are metastable. The inherent variability of languages poses a fundamental problem for any theories based on the assumption that languages are uniform and homogeneous; but it was recognized by Halliday and others in Systemic Functional Linguistics from the start of the development of the theory in the early 1960s; Halliday and others continued the Firthian tradition of conceiving of languages as polysystemic, as systems of systems. Firth ( / 1957: 29) : 29) had warned against conceiving of language in terms of unity: The multiplicity of social roles we have to play as members of a race, nation, class, school, club, as sons, brothers, lovers, fathers, workers, churchgoers, golfers, newspaper readers, public speakers, involves also a certain degree of linguistic specialization. Unity is the last concept that should be applied to language. Unity of language is the most fugitive of all unities whether it be historical, geographical, national, or personal. There is no such thing as une langue une and there has never been. In early work, Halliday and his colleagues developed Firth's insight into language as a system of variation (e.g. Halliday, 1978: 156), in a sense providing a synthesis of the thesis of the unity of language and Firth's antithesis, his argument against this kind of unity (cf. Matthiessen, 1993: 222). According to this synthesis, languages are inherently variable, shading into one another just as dialects

The article discusses the applicability of systematic literature reviews (SLR) as a method of meta-research in legal science. It highlights the merits of the method, such as rigour, transparency, and accountability, in contrast to more traditional, less methodologically stringent, 'narrative' reviews. Next, it discusses the main types of systematic reviews and traces their application in law to date. It also analyses the main ontological, epistemological, and axiological challenges and some practical obstacles to applying the method in legal research. These challenges stem primarily from the specific, interpretive and value-laden nature of law and legal knowledge. Since legal reality and legal discourse are inseparable from one another, and partially dependent on axiological and ideological beliefs, the standard approach to SLR may often be unworkable. These challenges are illustrated by an example of the SLR on the sources of the constitutional crisis in Poland, conducted by the authors. The review process is outlined, and the solutions to the abovementioned challenges are presented. As the case study demonstrates, the systematic literature review can be an invaluable method for legal research, especially if it contains an interdisciplinary dimension. If properly employed, it produces relevant insights and increases the argumentative quality of this research.

Currently, in the industrial sector, technology can significantly increase productivity and efficiency. However, this advancement also generates multiple challenges related to information security that must be addressed. This systematic review aimed to analyze these challenges in information security management, focusing on three specific aspects: protection models and methodologies, factors that generate vulnerabilities in industrial control systems (ICS), and cyber risks that affect the supply chain. To this end, 45 articles published in journals indexed in databases such as Scopus, EBSCO and ScienceDirect over the last four years were examined. The results indicate that approaches based on Zero Trust, Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP), Evolutionary Multi-Objective Optimization (EMO) algorithms, and the use of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) offer greater effectiveness in protecting information. In addition, the following were identified as the main vulnerability factors in ICS: excessive connectivity, the use of obsolete operating systems, uncontrolled physical access, incorrect configurations, poor maintenance, cyberattacks, and human error. With regard to the industrial supply chain, the most relevant risks include successful cyberattacks, ransomware, and industrial espionage. In conclusion, security challenges range from interoperability between systems to a shortage of specialized personnel, requiring continuous monitoring and a multidisciplinary strategic approach.

The term 'quality culture' dates back to organisation and management literature of the 1960s, but only more recently it gained traction in higher education. Researchers explored what it is (or could be) and what the antecedents and impacts are. This paper takes critically stock of research on quality culture from a research quality perspective, looking at papers in the Web of Science and Scopus databases that explicitly use the concept. The results of the analysis (116 studies) are mixed: next to some interesting empirical studies and attempts to further refine the concept quality culture, there are many studies that-unfortunately-do not add much to our scholarly understanding. The paper highlights two important caveats: conceptual confusion and a lack of reliability and offers suggestions for improvement.

Objective To develop and compare the accuracy of different PubMed search strategies (filters) for systematic and non-systematic reviews in dental journals. Methods This validation study included articles published in 2019 in 15 dental journals. Two search filters were developed: (1) a high-sensitivity filter to retrieve all possible review articles, and (2) a high-specificity filter for systematic reviews. Two previously published filters were used as benchmarks. The gold standard method for identifying the study methodology was manual reading of the full text. Accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results Among the 2246 articles published, 6.7% (n = 150) were systematic reviews and 5.9% (n = 132) were other types of reviews. The high-sensitivity filter retrieved 147 of 150 systematic reviews and showed a sensitivity of 98.0% (95%CI: 94.3-99.6) and specificity of 88.9% (95%CI: 87.5-90.2). The high-specificity filter had 96.7% (95%CI: 92.4-98.9) sensitivity and 99.1% (95%CI: 98.6-99.5) specificity for retrieving systematic reviews. The accuracy of this filter for systematic reviews was 97.9% (95%CI: 96.4-99.4), which was higher than the PubMed benchmark filter (p < 0.05) and similar to another longer filter. Conclusion This study provides two new highly accurate search filters for PubMed that can be used by clinicians, researchers and policymakers.

Fear appeals have long been used in marketing communication as a persuasive messaging that attempts to arouse fear in order to divert behaviour, and death is the ultimate form of fear for mankind. This paper explores the use of fear appeals specifically through an investigation into how death is used in advertising efforts. The authors introduce the term necromarketing and proposes dual routes of death marketing: explicit and implicit. This paper explains the term necromarketing and provides examples of necromarketing to support the dual rotes used in persuasion.

Fear appeals have long been used in marketing communication as a persuasive messaging that attempts to arouse fear in order to divert behaviour, and death is the ultimate form of fear for mankind. This paper explores the use of fear appeals specifically through an investigation into how death is used in advertising efforts. The authors introduce the term necromarketing and proposes dual routes of death marketing: explicit and implicit. This paper explains the term necromarketing and provides examples of necromarketing to support the dual rotes used in persuasion.

No artigo analisamos as formas contemporâneas de despossessão e espoliação territorial decorrentes da transição energética, especialmente aquelas relacionadas aos corredores de livre comércio e ao green grabbing no contexto da América Latina. Nosso argumento é o de que o green grabbing é uma modalidade contemporânea de apropriação integral do território em regiões de interesse estratégico do capital. Os dados apresentados são oriundos de fontes primárias, como memorandos para exploração mineral, para instalação de usinas eólicas e fotovoltaicas e para o hidrogênio verde. Do mesmo modo foram analisadas plataformas que fornecem dados quantitativos dos conflitos socioambientais da grande maioria dos países latino-americanos afetados por esses empreendimentos. O referencial teórico-analítico incorpora os estudos agrários da geografia agrária e da sociologia territorial.

Enclosure use research is important for better understanding the needs and preferences of animals under captive care. As such, enclosure use is often assessed in tandem with behavioural observations as part of holistic welfare assessments. Although valuable as a welfare tool, there are several inherent challenges in enclosure use research, including variability in zones, resource sizes and observation lengths, with several indices developed to account for these challenges. Nonetheless, it is unclear the extent to which these enclosure use indices are commonly used in published literature. Therefore, it is important that the role of these indices in welfare research be quantified and reviewed, with a view to understanding the needs of enclosure use researchers. In addition, although one enclosure use review has been previously published, the work was not systematic in its approach, and there is a need for updated research given the changes in technology since its publication. To identify the current index, topics and species focuses, we conducted a systematic review of enclosure use literature, using several search engines. A total of 4275 papers were identified: following filtering 169 papers remained, which investigated 260 species-level studies. The review identified relatively few published publications before the turn of the millennium, with most papers published since 2004. In addition, 2023 had the most enclosure use-based publications, with a total of 21 papers found. The most common topics under study were visitor effects and enrichment, which demonstrates that much of the enclosure use literature is motivated by welfare-related questions. Most papers used no stated formal enclosure use index, which may pose challenges in terms of research design and interpretation. There was limited crossover in terms of index use between different industries, such as laboratories, agriculture and zoos. Additionally, over half of the identified studies focused on a mammalian species, whereas fish and invertebrate studies were identified infrequently. This systematic review demonstrates that there is need to share knowledge and enclosure use methodologies between industries, and focusing on a greater diversity of taxa would aid in improving overall species welfare and husbandry knowledge.

This systematic review investigates the performance, optimization, and governance practices of business intelligence (BI) systems with a focus on SQL-driven dashboards, streaming pipelines, cloud scalability, and organizational integration. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, 142 studies published between 2005 and 2024 were systematically identified, screened, and synthesized. The review highlights several key findings. First, SQL continues to serve as the foundational language in BI, maintaining its dominance through adaptability across distributed and hybrid environments. Second, dashboards have evolved beyond their original descriptive function, now acting as governance instruments that embed compliance, accountability, and transparency into organizational workflows. Third, sectoral and regional variations demonstrate that BI adoption and optimization are shaped by contextual factors, with financial and healthcare sectors prioritizing compliance and risk management, while retail and ecommerce emphasize customer analytics and speed. Fourth, performance optimization remains a critical concern, with techniques such as query pushdown, incremental refresh, caching, and streaming pipelines shown to reduce latency and improve scalability in real-time analytics. Fifth, monitoring, testing, and maintainability practices are increasingly emphasized, aligning BI with DevOps principles and continuous integration frameworks. Additionally, cloud and hybrid scalability emerge as both technical and economic challenges, requiring elastic infrastructures balanced against cost and governance demands. Finally, the review underscores the need for conceptual integration of technical, organizational, and governance dimensions, as BI success depends on harmonizing these three axes. Collectively, the findings confirm earlier scholarship while extending it with new empirical and conceptual insights, illustrating that BI has matured into a strategic infrastructure supporting decisionmaking, regulatory compliance, and organizational resilience. This review provides actionable recommendations for practitioners and highlights research gaps that call for deeper exploration of cross-sectoral comparisons, governance integration models, and economic trade-offs in BI scalability.

O objetivo deste trabalho e analisar as caracteristicas do Kanban, suas propriedades e identificar possiveis procedimentos a serem aplicados com os metodos de producao de software Cascata, Scrum e XP. Com este trabalho, observa-se que para aplicar o Kanban e necessario que se tenha um processo estabelecido, baseado em propriedades basicas, como visualizacao do fluxo de trabalho, trabalho em progresso limitado, fluxo medido e gerenciado, politicas explicitas de processos e uso de modelos para reconhecer oportunidades de melhoria. Observa-se que o Kanban pode ser empregado em processos ja utilizados pelas empresas no desenvolvimento de software quando utilizando metodos de desenvolvimento de software como o Scrum e o XP.

Psychological well-being influences all the facets of adolescent success. This study examined the psychometric properties of PERMA, a subjective well-being measure consisting of five domains: positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment. The sample size consisted of 502 high school students from public schools in Qatar. Contrary to expectations, the five-factor structure for PERMA did not fit our data well; however, after refining the model by the errors of the covariances between items, the one-factor model was found to be applicable. Multivariate analysis revealed that socioeconomic status (SES) and level of academic performance were independently and positively associated with overall well-being scores, whereas internalizing and externalizing behaviors were negatively associated. Notably, no significant effects of gender or age on well-being were observed. These findings suggest that interventions specific to socioeconomic status, academic excellence, and internalizing and externalizing behaviors in the school setting can produce more effective outcomes concerning student well-being.

The study aims to explore the intricate relationships between brain activity, behavioral processes, and decision-making using structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques. While existing research has advanced our understanding of these domains, gaps remain in synthesizing neurocognitive and behavioral factors in a unified framework. The primary objective of the study is to examine the neural mechanisms underlying decision-making and behavior, focusing on how brain function influences both cognitive and emotional decision processes. By integrating insights from neuroimaging, behavioral analysis, and decision theory, the study presents a novel approach to mapping these interconnected systems through SEM. The findings indicate significant associations between brain structures and behavioral outcomes, such as emotion regulation, impulsivity, and decision-making biases. Moreover, the study highlights contrasting evidence regarding the role of brain areas in cognitive flexibility and decision consistency, pointing to unresolved questions in neurocognitive models of decision-making. Key trends identified include the increasing use of neuroimaging and SEM to bridge the gap between neurological and behavioral research, alongside emerging methodologies to assess the dynamic interaction between cognitive processes and decision outcomes. The study's contributions lie in offering a comprehensive SEM-based framework for understanding brain-behavior interactions, providing a holistic model that accommodates both cognitive and emotional components in decision-making. However, the study also faces limitations, such as the reliance on cross-sectional data and potential biases in model selection. Future research should explore longitudinal studies to examine the evolution of brain-behavior dynamics over time and investigate the neurobiological basis of maladaptive decision-making, particularly in clinical populations. This work holds significant implications for improving our understanding of the neurocognitive underpinnings of behavior and decision-making, with applications ranging from mental health interventions to consumer behavior and policy design.

El empleo de las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC) en la educación, ha crecido exponencialmente en los últimos cinco años, en el caso del nivel superior debido a las exigencias didácticas derivadas de la pandemia, el perfil de los estudiantes, la digitalización del currículo y las exigencias del ámbito laboral a los profesionales que recién egresan. Esta situación ha promovido la integración pedagógica de las TIC en el aula, lo que deriva en diversas estrategias, metodologías, tendencias y modelos que plantean dicho propósito, que en términos generales se le ha llamado tecnopedagogía. El objetivo del presente es definir y caracterizar a la tecnopedagogía, analizando sus alcances, diferencias y semejanzas con las otras acciones que se han implementado. Se desarrolló una metodología cualitativa de tipo documental que comprendió una exhaustiva revisión teórica de documentos que deriva en la identificación de las principales características de la tecnopedagogía, entre los resultados está su auge en la última década, su concepción como rama de la Pedagogía, como parte de los modelos tecnoeducativos y como metodología que fusiona el empleo didáctico de las TIC en diferentes ambientes de aprendizaje. De esta manera se delimita y precisa más sobre su concepto y dimensiones, generándose así una base teórica que brinde fundamento a las prácticas que han ceñido su empleo a la instrucción técnica del uso de herramientas digitales.

A study was conducted in the mega urban centre of Cebu City, Philippines between July and October 2013, with the aim of assessing the bacteriological quality of bottled and tap drinking waters. The study was performed during the warm, rainy season, when prevalence of diarrhoea linked to bacterial contamination of water supply is usually at its highest level in tropical countries. The bacteriological tests performed on the water samples were: isolation of E. coli, thermotolerant coliforms, total coliforms, and heterotrophic plate counts. In addition, sanitation programs applied by bottled water manufacturers and the local water system supplier were surveyed by means of a questionnaire. The study focussed on bottled water brands with the greatest combined market share in the study area, and the household taps surveyed were located in villages with the greatest number of local water supply concessionaires. The results indicated the presence of bacteria in both bottled and tap water samples. A considerable number of bottled water samples from one brand were positive for heterotrophic plate count bacteria. On the other hand, positive tap water samples collected from one household were positive for E. coli, thermotolerant coliforms, total coliforms, and the HPC bacteria. Multivariable Poisson regression modelling indicated a significant variability in heterotrophic bacterial counts between production batches of bottled water. For the tap water samples, statistical analysis was not indicated because all contaminated samples belonged to a single household tap and were collected on one sampling occasion.

In this paper we aimed to understand the effect of the store's color on the intention to purchase microtransactions in video games. We emphasized understanding the effect of color (blue and red) on purchase intention when the relationship is mediated by the individual's degree of arousal and conditioned to the levels of involvement. The theoretical model used is inspired in the stimulus-organism-response paradigm , and advocates that the warmer colors may have a negative response. The results of the quasiexperiment, in which only the ambient color was manipulated, showed that reddish colors induce a higher degree of arousal when compared to bluish colors. However, the impact on behavioral intention is indirectly proportional to the store environmental stimuli hue. Moreover, the conditional effect of involvement indicates that low-involvement gamers are more susceptible to persuasive influences of store environment color than high-involvement players.

This quantitative study examined the relationships between perceived social support, psychological resilience, and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among university students affected by the 6 February 2023 earthquakes in Türkiye. Utilizing a correlational design, the study tested whether psychological resilience mediated the relationship between perceived social support and PTG. The sample consisted of 769 undergraduate students from Kahramanmaraş Sütçü ˙Imam University and Malatya Turgut Özal University, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected via standardized instruments: the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Resilience Scale for Adults, and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. A mediation analysis was conducted using the path analysis and bootstrapping methods with the IBM AMOS 24.0 software. The results revealed that perceived social support positively predicted both psychological resilience and PTG, and psychological resilience positively predicted PTG. The mediation analysis confirmed that psychological resilience partially mediated the relationship between perceived social support and PTG. Additionally, significant differences in PTG, resilience, and perceived social support levels were found across gender, housing conditions, psychological impact levels, and access to support. Notably, female students, those who lost loved ones, and those who received psychological or family support reported higher PTG levels. The results emphasize the critical role of social and individual resources in trauma adaptation. It is recommended that post-disaster psychosocial interventions prioritize strengthening both perceived social networks and individual resilience capacities to foster posttraumatic growth in affected populations.

Purpose-This study employs a comprehensive theoretical synthesis and literature review methodology to examine the evolution and current state of the professional zone of acceptance (PZoA) in educational leadership. Design/methodology/approach-Building upon the foundational theories of Barnard and Simon, the research develops a dynamic model that integrates temporal, contextual, leadership approach, and individual characteristics dimensions to explore the relationship between evolving school leadership theories and teachers' PZoA. Findings-The study identifies four key factors that shape teachers' acceptance of leadership practices: temporal, contextual, leadership approach, and individual characteristics. Accordingly, the interplay of these factors contributes to the effectiveness of leadership practices through their alignment with teachers' PZoA across different cultural and organizational settings. Originality/value-The findings reveal that PZoA functions as a dynamic, context-sensitive process influenced by multiple interacting factors rather than a static construct, thereby contributing to educational leadership literature. The resulting framework provides a comprehensive understanding of how various factors interact to shape teachers' acceptance of leadership practices across different cultural contexts, offering practical implications for school leaders and policymakers in developing context-sensitive leadership approaches.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo propor a aplicação das metodologias de gestão de projetos ágeis, buscando-se uma integração de ferramentas que se adequem ao contexto de organizações sociais do terceiro setor, de modo a proporcionar maior eficiência, inovação e dinamismo. Inicialmente, procurouse explorar as metodologias ágeis Lean, Scrum e Design Sprint, e realizar uma breve contextualização sobre o terceiro setor e os seus desafios. Como estudo de caso, apresentou-se o Centro de Estudo e Memória da Juventude -CEMJ. O método adotado foi pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa com objetivo exploratório realizada por meio do método de estudo de caso. Como resultado esperado buscou-se elaborar uma proposta de integração das ferramentas, altamente adaptável às organizações sociais e de fácil aplicação.

Over the past 20 years there have been significant policy, research, and social emphases placed upon the importance of parent involvement in U.S. schools as a means for improving student achievement. This has resulted in an implicit definition of what constitutes involvement for all parents rather than an inductive understanding of what is occurring in families, particularly for those who are culturally and linguistically diverse. The purpose of this review is to present a counterstory to widely held notions about parent involvement in U.S. public schools through examining the ways that research has documented English learners' (EL) parent involvement in situ. I review 31 research studies that use inductive methods to define and describe parent involvement with EL families. Findings reveal that EL parents' involvement is centered around three key relationships: between families and schools, between parents and children, and among families. These relationships exist along a continuum from school-directed to parent-led. Additionally, they present a counterstory to the standard practices that define parent involvement and instead reveal that EL parents' involvement is characterized by dynamic processes.

This meta-analysis integrates findings from 52 peer-reviewed studies to assess the toxicological safety of genetically modified (GM) crops in the broader context of food-chain contamination control. Through synthesising data from controlled animal feeding trials and human observational studies, the chapter demonstrates that acute toxicity remains negligible, while a minority of chronic-exposure investigations reveal subtle metabolic alterations. Employing advanced omics, particularly metabolomic and epigenetic profiling, enables the detection of early biomarkers that conventional assays may miss. Framed against sustainable development goals for zero hunger, good health and well-being and responsible production, the study underscores the necessity of robust risk-assessment frameworks. The chapter advocates a development-oriented communication strategy to translate complex toxicological evidence into actionable guidance for policymakers and practitioners. Finally, the chapter proposes a “Crop-Vigilance” system for ongoing surveillance, integrating digital tools and community engagement to mitigate potential risks. This chapter thus offers a model for uniting rigorous toxicology with food-safety innovations to safeguard public health and environmental integrity.

Early detection and intervention play a crucial role in the prognosis of children with specific learning disabilities. Due to the
complexity of the writing process and its persistence into adulthood, tools for early detection are essential. Curriculumbased measures (CBMs) are quick, reliable, and evidence-based tools used for early assessments. This systematic review
aims to summarize the technical features of CBM in writing for kindergarten students following the PRISMA guidelines.
A total of 311 articles from PsycINFO, SCOPUS, ERIC, and WOS were examined, and five studies met the inclusion criteria.
Production measures and transcription skills were the most studied. The reviewed tasks demonstrated criterion validity,
reliability, sensitivity to the timing of assessment, or diagnostic accuracy in at least one of their measures, with a greater
presence of the dependent production measures. The findings emphasize the scarcity of evidence-based tools for
identifying early writing difficulty, underscoring the need for rigorous research in early childhood education

Sexual intimate partner violence (SIPV) is a significant public health concern of global importance. This metaanalysis sought to examine the relationship between demographic factors and SIPV perpetration and victimization. Method: The database searches identified a total of 143 articles to be included in the meta-analysis. Comprehensive metaanalysis 3.0 was used to calculate aggregate effect sizes (Pearson's r) for the relationship between demographic variables and SIPV exposure. Variables were examined for SIPV perpetration and victimization and were separated between male and female samples. Results: There was a significant relationship between SIPV victimization and being bisexual (r = .25, p < .001), LGBTQ (r = .21, p < .001), female (r = .19, p < .001), and disabled (r = .19, p < .001). Lower income (r = .07, p = .001), lower education (r = .06, p < .001), and younger age (r = .04, p < .001) also correlated with SIPV victimization. Being married (r =-.08, p = .027) was identified as a protective marker against SIPV victimization. Identifying as female (r =-.17, p = .003) had a negative association with SIPV perpetration. Conclusions: The current study found that several demographic factors are significantly related to increased risk of SIPV perpetration and/or victimization, while few have a protective effect.

Dual-factor models of mental health propose that mental health includes two interrelated yet distinct dimensions-psychopathology and well-being. However, there is no systematization of the evidence following these models. This review aims to address the following research question: what evidence exists using dual-factor models? Method: The current systematic review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines on the following databases: Webof-science, Scopus, Academic Search Complete, APA PsycArticles, APA PsycInfo, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, ERIC, and MEDLINE. The screening process resulted in 85 manuscripts that tested the assumptions of dualfactor models. Results: Evidence revealed psychometric substantiation on the two-dimensionality of the dual-factor model, and 85% of the manuscripts provided evidence related to classifying participants into different mental health groups. Most studies showed that the Complete Mental Health or Positive Mental Health group is the most prevalent status group, and longitudinal evidence suggests that most participants (around 50%-64%) remain in the same group across time. Regarding the factors associated with mental health status groups, studies reviewed in this manuscript focus mainly on school-related outcomes, followed by supportive relationships, sociodemographic characteristics, psychological assets, individual attributes, physical health, and stressful events. Conclusions: This review highlights the importance of considering the two dimensions of mental health when conceptualizing, operationalizing, and measuring mental health. Fostering mental health must go beyond reducing symptoms, and practitioners would be able to include well-being-related interventions in their regular practice to improve individuals' mental health outcomes.

As Generative AI increasingly shapes the landscape of higher education, this study offers a novel wideangle lens contribution by centering the underexplored perspectives of university teachers on the pedagogical implications of tools like ChatGPT. Adopting a qualitative descriptive approach, this study employed convenience sampling to target the views of 41 instructors at a leading English-medium university in Kazakhstan. The thematic analysis of their qualitative responses to open-ended survey questions probed for their views on how AI affects their teaching practices. Findings include the potential of AI to enhance both teacher and student productivity, contingent on its use as a complementary, not competing, tool. In contrast, challenges highlighted a lack of coherent institutional policies, along with concerns about the inaccuracy and opacity of generative models. Such issues, teachers reported, may heighten student temptation to misuse AI, resulting in diminished learning and increased teacher workload. The study offers original theoretical insights into AI integration in higher education from a teacher's standpoint and provides actionable recommendations for institutional engagement, including improved assessment design and targeted AI training for faculty and students.

Makoto Kuroda’s intellectual project is a profound departure from the conventions of modern academic scholarship. He does not present his works as scientific treatises built on objective facts and empirically verifiable arguments. Rather, his studies are themselves creative manifestations, philosophical artworks that use the language of criticism to express a speculative worldview. Their specificity as a form of spiritual activity lies in their deliberate rejection of scientific positivism in favor of an intuitive, associative, and inherently anti-normative mode of inquiry.
The evaluation of these studies, therefore, cannot be conducted through the lens of a conventional academic review. Instead, one must evaluate them on their own terms, as a form of creative expression that synthesizes ideas and notions with the same freedom and purpose as a novel or an animated film.

Digital transformation is fundamentally reshaping project delivery in the construction industry, with Building Information Modelling (BIM) serving as a core enabler of integrated governance, collaboration, and decision-making. However, its implementation in large-scale, high-risk projects remains uneven, especially within emerging economies. This study examines the digital transformation of megaprojects in Saudi Arabia through an embedded multiple-case study of two flagship initiatives — the Al Fursan Housing Complex and the Al Haer Independent Sewage Treatment Plant (ISTP) — within the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 program.
Drawing on a sociotechnical perspective, the research conceptualizes digital transformation not only as a technological shift but also as a reconfiguration of relationships, governance structures, and stakeholder practices. Integrating Actor-Network Theory and Boundary Object Theory, the study situates BIM as both a technological artifact and a collaborative platform, enabling coordination across diverse actors in complex project ecosystems.
The findings highlight how BIM, combined with complementary technologies such as digital twins, IoT, GIS, and drones, delivers measurable improvements in project governance, cost predictability, schedule adherence, and risk management. However, significant challenges persist, including interoperability limitations, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, resistance to organizational change, and gaps in digital capacity.
This research contributes to theory by linking digital transformation and sociotechnical systems within project studies. Practically, it provides evidence-based insights for policymakers, project directors, and practitioners on embedding BIM-integrated ecosystems into megaproject governance. By situating Saudi Arabia’s experience within the broader global discourse, the paper advances scholarly understanding of how emerging economies can leverage digital ecosystems to deliver high-performing, technologically enabled megaprojects.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) significantly impact students' health. Studies have shown a dose-response relationship between ACEs on the one hand, and behavioral and mental health problems, and poor school outcomes on the other. However, there is a notable gap in understanding the ACE prevalence in primary and secondary school students with emotional/behavioral difficulties or disorders (EBD). Therefore, we analyzed data of 569,731 students (aged 4 to 18 years) across 55 studies through three-level meta-analyses and a narrative synthesis. The average prevalence rate for a single ACE among students with EBD was estimated to be 29.90 %. The prevalence varied by type of ACE, with neighborhood violence being the least prevalent at 4.26 % and maltreatment the most prevalent at over 40 %. There were no differences in prevalence rates between gender, age, ACE informants, and the use of special education services for EBD. We only found five studies on cumulative ACE numbers among students with EBD, which indicates another significant gap in knowledge. Our findings indicate that ACEs are significant environmental factors that contribute to the understanding of EBD in students within a biodevelopmental framework. Further research is necessary to investigate how the number, type, and timing of ACEs impact these students. Trauma-informed approaches have the potential to substantially improve outcomes for students with EBD by promoting ACE awareness and integrating this knowledge into educational policies, procedures, and practices.

The L2 Motivational Self System (L2MSS), proposed by Zoltán Dörnyei in 2005, reframes second language (L2) motivation around three core components: the Ideal L2 Self (a vision of oneself as a proficient L2 user, integrating internalized motives), the Ought-to L2 Self (external obligations and avoidance of negative outcomes), and the L2 Learning Experience (situated motives tied to the immediate learning environment). It builds on earlier work like Gardner and Lambert's socioeducational model, which emphasized "integrativeness" (a desire to integrate with the L2 community). While L2MSS has been influential, with meta-analyses showing moderate correlations between its components and motivational outcomes like intended effort (e.g., r = .61 for Ideal L2 Self in a review of 39 studies involving over 32,000 participants), your query highlights specific premises from critiques-particularly those echoing McClelland and Larson-Hall (2025), Al-Hoorie et al. (2024), and MacIntyre (2023)-that point to significant gaps or "lacunas" in the theory's foundational assumptions and empirical grounding. These critiques argue that L2MSS's epistemology (its approach to knowledge-building through measurement and validation) is flawed, leading to overstated claims that don't align well with rigorous scientific standards. Below, I outline the key lacunas in the premises you described, substantiated by these sources, and explain why the overall epistemology falls short in reflecting reality.

Peer Support and Academic Resiliency for Recently Relocated High School Students by Melanie M. Kennebeck MS, Walden University, 2017 MA, Bowie State University, 2011 BA, University of Maryland University College, 2008 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Clinical Psychology Walden University November 2019 Abstract Residential relocation requiring a change of school enrollment can negatively disrupt academic achievement, extracurricular participation, attendance, and ability to appropriately regulate emotions/behaviors. This disruption impacts military-affiliated students every 2 to 3 years. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively inform Student 2 Student’s (S2S’s) continued development and the Military Child Education Coalition’s (MCEC’s) pursuit of better serving newly relocated students. This will help the program to reach beyond good intentions and mitigate the perils of assuming that benefits occur witho...

This study aims to screen the revenue diversification strategies of higher education institutions worldwide. It will shed light on the academic discussion on various ways of income generation and related trends in the context of universities. This paper employs a systematic literature review (SLR) method using the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The timeframe included in the study is from 2004 to 2024. With each category revealing critical features of revenue diversification strategies in higher education, this analysis has found five dominant themes in the selected literature. While the available literature was selected through keyword entries to save time and effort, only peer-reviewed articles were included, avoiding other potential sources such as books and doctoral dissertations related to the field. Researchers, policy makers, and managers concerned with revenue diversification in higher education can benefit from this study, as it strives to identify gaps in the field, provide suggestions for better implementation of RD strategies, and facilitate insights into regulation improvements. This research can help scientists concentrate on the research gaps by providing synthesized knowledge about income diversification in higher education, as it utilizes the SLR method, which is crucial for integrating and showcasing the scientific evidence emerging from quantitative and qualitative literature.

Nursing service is an important component of healthcare service, thus improving nursing service quality is a primary objective of the healthcare system as well as a major responsibility of nurse administrators. The purposes of this research were to study nurses and patients expectation of nursing service quality, to study nurses and patients perception of performance of nursing service quality performed by nurses and to compare nursing service quality as perceived by nurses and patients. Subjects included 162 nurses and 383 patients from 11 inpatient wards/units in Indira Gandhi Memorial hospital, Maldives. The instruments used in the study were SERVQUAL scale for nurses and patients. Content validity index of SERVQUAL scales were 0.82 for nurses and 0.82 for patients. Reliability of the scales was verified

Nursing service is an important component of healthcare service, thus improving nursing service quality is a primary objective of the healthcare system as well as a major responsibility of nurse administrators. The purposes of this research were to study nurses and patients expectation of nursing service quality, to study nurses and patients perception of performance of nursing service quality performed by nurses and to compare nursing service quality as perceived by nurses and patients. Subjects included 162 nurses and 383 patients from 11 inpatient wards/units in Indira Gandhi Memorial hospital, Maldives. The instruments used in the study were SERVQUAL scale for nurses and patients. Content validity index of SERVQUAL scales were 0.82 for nurses and 0.82 for patients. Reliability of the scales was verified

This study aims to develop a theoretical model that explains the interaction between pandemicrelated stressors and social media use during COVID-19, focusing on mental health impacts within ICT4D (Information and Communication Technologies for Development). Motivated by social media's dual role-both as a support tool and a source of misinformation-this research highlights the importance of understanding these contrasting effects. Using a systematic literature review of 20 from 75 initially found peer-reviewed articles published from 2020 to 2024, we also conducted a focused meta-analysis to quantify the psychological effects of social media during the pandemic. This allowed us to validate key patterns across studies and provide more substantial empirical support for our theoretical model. Findings reveal that misinformation increased anxiety, depression, and social isolation, particularly among adolescents and individuals with preexisting mental health conditions. Conversely, social media also provided emotional support and facilitated information sharing. The proposed theoretical model offers insights into these dynamics, emphasizing demographic disparities. The findings underscore the importance of promoting responsible social media use, enhancing teletherapy, and regulating misinformation to improve public mental health resilience, contributing to a more effective and inclusive approach to ICT4D in addressing future crises.

With the rapid advancements in technology over the past 2 decades, it has become crucial to understand people's attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI) adoption and its associated risks. Given the increasing access to the AI technologies, it is imperative to examine how young people in non-Western societies like Pakistan perceive AI risks and benefits. We conducted an online survey of 435 college students who had used AI technology in the past 6 months. The results of our study indicate that the majority of college students view AI technology positively and perceive it as an opportunity to enhance workplace productivity. In addition, most of the respondents are optimistic about the future applications of AI in their individual lives and society. This research contributes to the literature on how college students in Pakistan perceive AI in their daily lives and offer implications for future scholars interested in studying AI technology use in non-Western countries.

While much discussion has focused on what researchers do and should do in second language proficiency assessment, less attention has been given to why persistent trends continue. This study investigated second language acquisition (SLA) researchers’ beliefs, reported practices, and decision-making rationales regarding proficiency assessment. Using an online survey, we collected responses from 111 SLA researchers. Findings revealed that while researchers generally endorsed recommended methodological standards, practical constraints—such as time, accessibility, and ease of administration—frequently influenced their reported practices. A consistent belief–practice gap emerged across several key areas. Notably, reduced redundancy tests were rated favorably for both validity and practicality, reflecting a growing shift toward efficient, validated tools. These findings suggest that although methodological awareness is high, practical barriers continue to challenge the adoption of more rigorous proficiency assessment practices in SLA research.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the skill shortage impacts the performance of the construction supply chain in Australia. The study has adopted a quantitative research method. The quantitative data were collected by conducting a survey of employees who work in construction companies in Australia. A regression analysis was used to analyze the data from 113 respondents. The findings of the study reveal that the construction sector in Australia has high labour costs, but workers are still thinking they are not getting paid enough and cannot invest more in themselves to improve their skills. There is a lack of academic and vocational training programs offered to them. Insufficient recruitment and incentive policies are also main barriers to attract talents to the construction industry in Australia. The situation became more serious during the COVID-19 period due to the lockdowns, lack of skilled migrants, and Government working visa policies. The study implies that firms should have a deeper understanding of the reasons for the skill shortage. Firms also need to devise strategies for hiring the right talent. Further, it was found that quality talent can come from the local or foreign markets. More effective selection criteria should be designed so that the best-fit approach can be implemented.

The university students often face various mental health challenges, yet barriers such as stigma and limited access to resources hinder their ability to seek support; thus, highlighting the need for innovative and effective interventions. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a synergistic approach combining Peer Counseling Corner (PCC) and Self-Help Digital Bibliotherapy in improving students' mental health literacy. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest approach, whereby the research involved an experimental group receiving both PCC and Self-Help Digital Bibliotherapy interventions and a control group provided only with basic bibliotherapy. Mental health literacy was measured using the validated Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF), and data was analyzed using the statistical analysis software known as JASP. Results indicated a significant improvement in mental health literacy among the experimental group compared to the control group, as demonstrated by higher posttest scores. These findings suggest that integrating peer-based emotional support with accessible digital resources can effectively enhance mental health literacy. The study underscores the importance of adopting comprehensive, scalable mental health strategies in higher education, combining interpersonal and digital solutions to address the diverse needs of university students.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly impacted second language education, including English as a foreign language (EFL) teaching and learning. Although various studies have been conducted to examine the opportunities and challenges of AI in EFL teaching and learning, comparable work on the opportunities and challenges of AI in EFL teacher education is limited. This study aimed to explore the "what" and "how" of opportunities and challenges of AI in EFL teacher education. To that end, we used descriptive narrative design in which we collected autobiographical narratives and conducted semi-structured interviews with 35 EFL teachers, four EFL teacher educators, and four computer engineers. Through inductive thematic analysis, we identified several opportunities, including professional, psychological, and economic benefits. Moreover, the study also highlighted several challenges, including the need for pedagogical and digital literacy, the requirement for adequate infrastructure, and concerns regarding excessive reliance on AI, which may reduce human interaction and hinder teacher creativity. Concerning the "how" of opportunities of AI in EFL teacher education, we found AI's potential to promote personalized learning and optimize time management, enhance teachers' psychological welfare while reducing workload and improving motivation, and support skills development along with facilitating evaluation and assessment processes. Furthermore, we identified the "how" of the challenges of AI in EFL teacher education, including effective AI integration requires comprehensive training for EFL teachers, excessive reliance on AI may diminish human interactions and reduce EFL teacher creativity, and adequate infrastructure is necessary for AI integration into education. The study has implications for EFL teachers, EFL teacher educators, and AI experts. 1. We declare the following • No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. • The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. • No AI or AI-assisted technologies were used in the writing process, (Just Grammarly, for checking the structures) • The study has not been published in any form previously, • The study is not under review elsewhere.

This text provides a constructive review of internal, statistical, and conceptual validity issues affecting mainstream Anglo-Saxon social psychology. The review adopts an empirical approach, synthesizing findings from previous studies to offer a realistic understanding of the discipline's relevance and limitations. This is achieved by employing and discussing meta-analyses, which integrate all studies in a specific area to estimate a central effect, assess its variability, and analyze the moderators that explain this variability. Based on these findings, we propose guidelines for advancing toward a cumulative replication-based social psychology, thereby strengthening a realistic view of psychosocial phenomena, as well as the internal, external, cross-cultural, and statistical power of our discipline.

Pain and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are highly comorbid conditions. Patients with chronic pain have higher rates of PTSD. Likewise, patients with PTSD are often diagnosed with numerous chronic pain conditions. Despite the high pain-PTSD comorbidity, the neurobehavioral mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are incompletely understood and only recently researchers have started investigating it using experimental models. In this article, we systematically review the substantial clinical evidence on the co-occurrence of pain and PTSD, and the limited experimental evidence of pain processing in this disorder. We provide a detailed overview of the psychophysical and brain imaging experiments that compared somatosensory and pain processing in PTSD and non-PTSD populations. Based on the presented evidence, an extensive body of literature substantiates the clinical coexistence of pain and PTSD in patients but the limited experimental data show inconsistent results highlighting the need for well-controlled future studies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder'.

This study provides a quantitative synthesis of meta-analytic evidence for the effectiveness of very broadly defined positive psychological interventions (PPIs), i.e. interventions that enhance wellbeing through pathways consistent with positive psychology theory. The definition covers a wide range of PPIs including single and multi-element PPI programs as well as mindfulness, mind-body, and physical exercise-based interventions. Five databases were searched. One hundred and ninety eight meta-analyses involving 4,065 primary studies and 501,335 participants were selected for review. Using the AMSTAR-2 criteria, the selected meta-analyses were found to be of moderate or high quality. At post-intervention, PPIs had a significantly small to medium effect on well-being, QoL, strengths, depression, anxiety, and stress. Gains were partially maintained at 7.5-month follow-up. Mind-body PPIs such as yoga were particularly effective. Individuals who engaged in longer, face-to-face programs benefited most. This mega-analysis shows that PPIs have an extensive evidence base supporting their effectiveness.

O relatório que vem à lume é o resultado de uma pesquisa de avaliação
quantitativa e qualitativa do primeiro quatriênio do Programa Justiça
Restaurativa nas Escolas Públicas em execução no âmbito das escolas
públicas, municipais e estaduais situadas no município de Belo Horizonte.
Salienta-se a importância deste relatório, porquanto, transcorridos mais de um
quinquênio, contados do início de implementação do Programa, aferir os
resultados produzidos com o propósito de accountability, é essencial no
regime democrático. Adequação e correção da formulação, implementação e
avaliação, conferindo à política pública transparência no processo de tomada
de decisões, prestação de contas sobre o uso dos recursos públicos para
garantir a legitimidade e a confiança dos cidadãos nas instituições, é
fundamental para promover uma gestão mais eficaz e responsável dos
assuntos de interesse público. Assim, entende-se imprescindível avaliar a
efetividade das atividades realizadas e a economicidade dos recursos
investidos no Programa.

Climate change is expected to exert significant impacts on crop yields by altering temperatures and water availability. Mitigation and adaptation efforts aim to counteract these effects gradually while sustaining development. Effective strategies encompass various practices that fall into three main categories: crop and cropping system-based technologies, resource conservation-based technologies, and socioeconomic and policy interventions. In the context of India, it is crucial to explore these measures and identify the most suitable strategies for combatting climate change. Crop and cropping systembased technologies involve the adoption of climate-resilient crop varieties and optimized planting practices. Utilizing droughtresistant seeds, implementing precision agriculture techniques, and adjusting planting calendars can enhance resilience to changing climatic conditions in India. Resource conservation-based technologies encompass sustainable water management and soil conservation practices. Implementing efficient irrigation methods, such as drip irrigation and rainwater harvesting, can help preserve precious water resources. Soil health improvement through organic farming, reduced tillage, and agroforestry can enhance soil fertility and mitigate climate-related risks. Socioeconomic and policy interventions play a critical role in climate resilience. Promoting farmer education and awareness on climate-smart agriculture practices can empower rural communities to adapt effectively. Additionally, government policies that incentivize sustainable agriculture, provide insurance against climate-related crop losses, and support research and development of climate-resilient technologies are essential for long-term climate adaptation in India.

This chapter investigates the perceived erosion of critical academic skills among 745 university students due to dependency on AI tools. The survey measured six key constructs: AI Dependency (AID), Cognitive Offloading (CO), Motivational Decline (MD), Academic Skills Erosion (ASE), Academic Integrity Awareness (AIA), and External Pressures (EP), using a five-point Likert scale. Path Analysis was employed to examine the interrelationships among these constructs. The results revealed a strong positive relationship between AID and both CO and MD, which indicated that the increased reliance on AI leads to reduced cognitive engagement and diminished academic motivation. Additionally, CO and MD were positively associated with ASE, which means that students who offload cognitive tasks and experience MD are more likely to exhibit deteriorating academic skills. While AIA had a weak negative relationship with AID, EP showed a moderate positive association and highlighted the role of academic stress in driving AI reliance.

Wawasan kebangsaan adalah cara pandang bangsa Indonesia dalam mengelola kehidupan bernegara berdasarkan Pancasila, UUD 1945, NKRI, dan Bhinneka Tunggal Ika.  Dimulai dari pergerakan nasional (Boedi Oetomo, Sumpah Pemuda, Proklamasi).  Tokoh-tokoh bangsa menempatkan kepentingan bersama di atas golongan.  Sumpah Pemuda 1928 dan Proklamasi 1945 jadi tonggak persatuan. 4 Konsensus Dasar 1. Pancasila -Dasar negara dan pandangan hidup bangsa. 2. UUD 1945 -Konstitusi sebagai hukum tertinggi. 3. NKRI -Bentuk negara yang utuh dan tidak terpecah. 4. Bhinneka Tunggal Ika -Semboyan persatuan dalam keberagaman.