Employment Studies

Economic strategies and workforce transformation in a globally interconnected world focus on enhancing skills, adopting technology, and fostering inclusive growth. Key challenges include automation, skill gaps, and regional disparities. Effective policies emphasize reskilling, digital adoption, and labor market reforms. The future outlook highlights sustainable economic growth through adaptive, skilled, and competitive workforces. This comprehensive study examines the evolving landscape of global economic strategies and workforce transformation amidst increasing interconnectedness. It highlights critical challenges such as skill shortages, technological disruptions, demographic shifts, and regulatory barriers that hinder organizational and regional growth. Emphasizing the importance of policy interventions, the research explores strategies like upskilling, automation, workforce diversification, and inclusive practices to enhance talent availability and productivity. Regional insights reveal diverse issues, including aging populations in East Asia, digitalization in Southeast Asia, and green transitions in Europe, underscoring the need for tailored approaches. The study also assesses future trends, including AI adoption, wage dynamics, and DEI initiatives, emphasizing their role in shaping sustainable economic development. Public-policy support, digital infrastructure, and industryacademic collaborations are identified as vital for bridging skill gaps and fostering innovation. Ultimately, the research advocates for coordinated efforts among governments, businesses, and educational institutions to develop resilient, skilled, and inclusive workforces capable of navigating technological transformations and environmental challenges in a globally interconnected economy. The study explores crucial and relevant issues that are highly significant in today's rapidly evolving and interconnected world, emphasizing their vital importance in the current global scenario.

This article investigates how workplace productivity analytics, particularly collaboration data, can be used to assess the effects of hybrid work models. Rather than conducting new primary research, this paper synthesizes evidence from scholarly literature, organizational reports, and case studies from large U.S.-based companies such as Microsoft, Google, and Salesforce. The review highlights how collaboration indicators, such as email frequency, meeting durations, and digital communication patterns, are being applied to evaluate productivity and redesign work practices. The study critically examines mechanisms, ethical implications, and policy directions, providing a consolidated perspective for organizations navigating the challenges of hybrid work. In doing so, the paper positions collaboration analytics as both a performance measurement tool and a strategic enabler for managing the future of work.

Nuestro proyecto de investigacion, propone la puesta en marcha de un Observatorio Permanente, como tecnologia de abordaje de la conflictividad social-laboral de la provincia de Santa Fe. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo la sistematizacion, clasificacion y analisis de la conflictividad laboral y de los procesos de despidos, cesantias y suspensiones que se han registrado al interior de la provincia de Santa Fe, en el sector privado, desde el cambio de signo de gobierno a nivel nacional. Nos proponemos poder realizar un seguimiento cercano de este nuevo escenario para los trabajadores y trabajadoras asi como producir informes periodicos, tanto academicos como de divulgacion. Entendemos esta funcion como una responsabilidad politica y social de un centro de investigaciones de una Universidad publica, dedicado a los estudios del trabajo. Para ello, tomamos los sectores de actividad economica rubricados por Administracion Federal de Ingresos Publicos: Finanzas, seguros y bienes raic...

Deep within global supply chains, performance is being transformed as artificial intelligence (AI) and digital technology redefine what is possible and how these new possibilities can be measured. Old-school measures like cost efficiency, customer service levels and inventory turns can be helpful, but increasingly do a poor job reflecting the agility, resilience, customer centricity and sustainability that is the hallmark of success in today's hyper-volatile and highly networked economy. This article challenges the limits posed by traditional metrics and re-imagines the horizons of supply chain measurement by investigating the transformative powers that AIenabled analytics, automation, predictive modeling and real-time data processing hold for reshaping performance. It explores how digitalization offers more agile, transparent and customer centric metrics with examples of case studies from various sectors and reviews evolving practices as well as the cultural, technological and data privacy challenges faced by practitioners. The paper posits that rethinking supply chain metrics is not just a matter of operational requirement; rather, it is a strategic imperative for firms desiring long termcompetitive advantage, robustness and alignment with global sustainability objectives.

This article investigates how workplace productivity analytics, particularly collaboration data, can be used to assess the effects of hybrid work models. Rather than conducting new primary research, this paper synthesizes evidence from scholarly literature, organizational reports, and case studies from large U.S.-based companies such as Microsoft, Google, and Salesforce. The review highlights how collaboration indicators, such as email frequency, meeting durations, and digital communication patterns, are being applied to evaluate productivity and redesign work practices. The study critically examines mechanisms, ethical implications, and policy directions, providing a consolidated perspective for organizations navigating the challenges of hybrid work. In doing so, the paper positions collaboration analytics as both a performance measurement tool and a strategic enabler for managing the future of work.

India's labor markets are set to undergo rapid transformation between 2025 and 2030 due to technological innovation, AI adoption, and green transition. Demographic shifts, emerging sectors, and workforce adaptation are crucial for inclusive economic growth. This research article explores how global labor markets will change from 2025 to 2030 due to new technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and automation, environmental efforts like the green transition, and shifting populations. It examines how these factors will create new jobs, make some jobs disappear, and require workers to learn new skills. The study uses data from international reports and studies to understand these changes and suggest ways to prepare workers and economies. It finds that around 170 million new jobs could be created, while about 92 million may be lost, leading to a net increase. Key sectors like technology, healthcare, and green energy will grow, but routine jobs like clerks and manual workers may decline. Demographic changes, such as aging populations in rich countries and young populations in poorer countries, will also impact employment. The article emphasizes the importance of reskilling workers and developing policies to ensure inclusive growth. It highlights the need for cooperation among governments, industries, and educational institutions to build a resilient and sustainable labor market that benefits everyone in the future. The study examines urgent and rapidly evolving issues that are becoming increasingly significant in today's interconnected global landscape.

Purpose: The study investigates the influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the performance of Manufacturing Firms in North-central Nigeria with Reward System as a moderator. The study labored to identify how AI technology has been leverage upon by Managers of Manufacturing Firms to cut-costs and improves performance of their organizations and the near futility in such application without factoring in the human elements whose work AI technology complements. Hence, the study factored in this missing link by introducing a moderator-Reward System. The study proved empirically that performance of the target manufacturing Firms has improved much more when the moderator was introduced. This is achieved by conducting test when AI technology is applied before the moderator and after the inclusion of the moderator respectively. Research Methods: The study adopted a descriptive research design. Data were gathered from the population of 200 respondents made up of Top, Senior and Middle level Executives of the target Manufacturing Firms using proportional sampling method. Primary data was used for the study, and it was gathered through questionnaire designed in five points Likert Scale of strongly agree to strongly disagree. Factor analysis was conducted to ascertain the content validity and reliability of the research instruments. All the factors were significant. Data gathered through questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive and parametric statistical instruments. Tables, percentages, and mean scores were the descriptive statistical tools used while simple linear regression was the parametric statistical tool used to test the hypotheses. Results: The study found a positive and significant influence of AI on Manufacturing Firms performance on one hand, and that performance of the targeted Manufacturing Firms improved more when a moderating variable was introduced. Limitations: The study focused on the Manufacturing Firms in North-Central Nigeria only whereas there are other geographical zones of Nigeria that was not touched by the study. This may impair the generalization of the findings of this study. Equally, been a relatively new area of study, there is scarcity of literatures that would have enriched the study more. However, the researcher does not leave any stone unturned by engaging in all available and relevant search Goggles to look for available literature. Novelty: Although there are skeletal studies in the area of AI technology and its application in the world of business, no work to the best of the researchers' knowledge has been undertaken to examine the moderating role of reward system on the application of an AI technology to cut-costs and improve performance of the Manufacturing subsector in Nigeria and North-Central in particular. The study has uniquely distinguish itself from other studies by introducing a moderator to explain that AI are robots which complements the work of humans, and as such, the human elements must be adequately rewarded if the goal of adopting AI in organizations must be achieved. This, the study has been able to prove empirically.

Due to many businesses going global, managing a diverse and remote workforce has become crucial for their success. Many organizations have moved their operations away from the traditional mode of operations where an in-office workforce was the only way. This have been made possible by the availability of technological advancement witnessed in the near past. This research paper studies the challenges and opportunities associated with digital technologies to manage such workforces effectively. It covers the implications of the organizational culture, communication strategies, leadership styles, and technological infrastructures required to support remote and diverse teams. The paper uses a literature review of past studies to provide information for the best practices and develop recommendations for organizations striving to optimize their remote and diverse workforce management strategies. The conclusions state that leadership of geographically dispersed groups with the help of technology improves productivity, deployment, and continuity of employee contributions to the organization. Some recommendations are to focus on continuous digital literacy, a diverse approach to message dissemination, data tracking, and exploring more opportunities within the digital sphere, such as AR and blockchain. Such an approach identifies that organizations that apply these strategies can gain a competitive edge and obtain the best out of their geographically dispersed and dispersed teams.

We explore the nature and context of local authority job plans which have been developed in recent years as a response to the rise of unemployment and economic malaise in their areas. The approach, characterized by public-sector-led employment schemes targeted at specific social needs, groups and areas, is evaluated by Campbell rt al. against more conventional macro-economic methods of employment creation. We conclude that local authority led employment schemes are potentially more effective in global terms than fiscal measures and in relation to the issue of the inner city  are better placed to tackle the economic and social problems of these areas than strategies popular with the current government which focus on small firm development and entrepreneurship.

Deep within global supply chains, performance is being transformed as artificial intelligence (AI) and digital technology redefine what is possible and how these new possibilities can be measured. Old-school measures like cost efficiency, customer service levels and inventory turns can be helpful, but increasingly do a poor job reflecting the agility, resilience, customer centricity and sustainability that is the hallmark of success in today's hyper-volatile and highly networked economy. This article challenges the limits posed by traditional metrics and re-imagines the horizons of supply chain measurement by investigating the transformative powers that AIenabled analytics, automation, predictive modeling and real-time data processing hold for re-shaping performance. It explores how digitalization offers more agile, transparent and customer centric metrics with examples of case studies from various sectors and reviews evolving practices as well as the cultural, technological and data privacy challenges faced by practitioners. The paper posits that rethinking supply chain metrics is not just a matter of operational requirement; rather, it is a strategic imperative for firms desiring long termcompetitive advantage, robustness and alignment with global sustainability objectives.

The aim of this paper is to discuss possible solutions to the "third wave" of technological unemployment and their main drawbacks. The process has just started and will only be fully realized in the future, but its main novelty is already well known and concerns robots (and artificial intelligence) entering the production process. Robots do not simply increase labor productivity, in cooperation with humans, but can totally substitute labor, making it possible to produce commodities without the use of human input. This in turn generates technological unemployment. Past "compensation" theories have argued that technological unemployment could be reabsorbed thanks to wage reduction and demand (and production) increase. But these theories have ignored robots. If robots are more productive and less expensive than humans, wage reduction may be insufficient due to the minimum wage subsistence boundary; and, in any case, an increase in demand would only determine an increase in the production of goods by robots alone, without any impact on human employment. Meanwhile, the resulting mass unemployment will require redistributive policies. The paper discusses the most relevant among these policies, emphasizing their drawbacks and their unwanted implications, and proposes an alternative rooted in Tietenberg's tradable permits approach.

The report highlights how European Public Employment Services (PES) are increasingly engaged in supporting adults to access upskilling and reskilling opportunities. Individual Learning Accounts (ILAs) are identified as a promising but unevenly adopted policy tool: while France has a long-standing and reformed system and Lithuania recently introduced its own, many other countries are only piloting or considering such instruments, and some rely instead on alternatives such as vouchers or training leave. The report underlines persistent gaps in reaching SMEs, atypical workers and the low-skilled, for whom both financial support and personalised guidance remain weak, despite evidence that citizens are more likely to engage in learning when training rights are made visible and portable. PES themselves see ILAs as part of a wider ecosystem in which guidance, validation, labour market intelligence and quality assurance need to be connected if accounts are to become effective levers for inclusive participation. Overall, the study positions ILAs and strengthened career guidance as central to tackling Europe’s structural skills challenges, but cautions that the diversity of national approaches and political ambivalence in some Member States may limit the pace of convergence.

As agentic AI becomes privileged, it will disrupt the business environment, transforming the way business is done, managed and directed. These self-governing intelligent agents facilitate hyper-personalization of the customer experience, real-time data analytics, and competitive innovation, even as they face issues such as legacy integration. On the operational level, agentic AI can optimize the supply chain, resupply workforces, and drive efficiency through predictive maintenance and automation, but concerns about job loss and scalability also emerge. The role of AI in establishing resilient and cyber-defensive organisations against autonomous threats, ranging from reactive to adaptive defences, threat recognition, anticipative risk management, and compliance, is a key focus area. Nevertheless, companies must take into account such threats as hostile incursions, theft of information, and ethical prejudices, which can ruin the possibility of trust. There is a need to transform leadership, and all executives should become data literate to implement an AI application at the highest level. This entails prioritising good governance and ensuring human oversight as a precondition to avoid unnecessary reliance. In this article, three case studies are presented in the fields of healthcare, finance, and manufacturing, highlighting the possibilities for revenue growth and innovation on the one hand, and the security vulnerabilities and regulations enforcement on the other. Corporations must work to make agentic AI work well, which involves a thoughtful integration of a potentially world-changing, but potentially dangerous technology into their systems, and figuring out the structure that can most efficiently use the advancement in a harmless and non-abusive fashion.

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) is poised to transform the global workforce, raising hopes and concerns across sectors. Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), defined as AI systems possessing humanlevel cognitive abilities across a broad range of tasks, stands on the horizon as a potentially transformative force for society. This paper presents a systematic review of over 40 contemporary sources examining Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) and its projected impacts on workforce dynamics. This paper further provides a comprehensive review of the predicted and potential impacts of AGI on the global job market. We analyze key themes including job displacement risks, emerging employment paradigms, and policy considerations in preparation for AGI integration. Drawing upon recent literature, we explore various facets, including job displacement, the emergence of new roles, economic implications such as wage dynamics, and the critical need for workforce adaptation through reskilling and upskilling initiatives. Furthermore, we delve into the societal and ethical considerations surrounding AGI's development and deployment, including concerns about preparedness, timelines for its arrival, and the imperative for responsible governance. By synthesizing diverse perspectives, this review aims to offer a holistic understanding of how AGI could reshape employment landscapes, urging proactive measures from policymakers, educators, and individuals to navigate this evolving future. The synthesis reveals divergent expert perspectives on both AGI timelines and socioeconomic consequences, highlighting critical gaps in workforce preparedness.

This paper surveys current literature, policy developments, training programs, public-private partnerships, and technology trajectories to illuminate the rapidly evolving workforce ecosystem. Special attention is given to veterans' transition from military to civilian jobs, with AI both as a skills multiplier and a disruptor. Key policy recommendations emerge from this analysis, including: modernization of military skills translation frameworks, expansion of AI credentialing programs through workforce development legislation, and implementation of ethical AI deployment standards. The paper highlights the growing adoption of skills-based hiring-projected to reach 100% penetration in technical fields by 2030-and the critical role of public-private partnerships in scaling effective training solutions. The study documents studies like successful training models including intensive 12-week AI bootcamps costing approximately $8,400 per participant and public-private partnerships that have demonstrated 85% placement rates within six months. Financial projections indicate that strategic investments in veteran AI training could yield average wage increases of $28,000 annually, with defense contractors realizing $42 million in annual savings through improved hiring pipelines. This review synthesizes cross-sector evidence to inform workforce development strategies in the AI era, providing stakeholders with actionable insights grounded in empirical data and financial projections. Furthermore, the paper highlights key governmental and private-sector initiatives, including policies from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and public-private partnerships, designed to leverage AI for workforce development and veteran empowerment. This is a pure review paper and all numbers are from cited literature. The paper concludes with specific implementation frameworks for workforce agencies, educational institutions, and policymakers navigating the AI transition.

This study investigates the potential implications of integrating Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the digital government ecosystem in South Africa by 2035. The primary research objective addresses how generative AI can transform administrative procedures, enhance service delivery mechanisms, and reshape citizen engagement while simultaneously grappling with ethical considerations and socio-economic impacts. Through an exploration of current trends in AI technology, governance, and public service, the research aims to identify both opportunities and challenges that such integration poses for South Africa's public sector.

The study employed a scenario planning approach, utilizing two futures research methods: the Causal Layered Analysis (CLA) and Cross-Impact Analysis (CIA) to develop robust future scenarios. These methodological frameworks enable the exploration of complex interactions among political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors influencing AI adoption in digital government. Expert interviews provided qualitative insights that enriched the scenario-building process, further exposing the complex relationship between governance structures and AI capabilities.

Major findings suggest that the successful implementation of Generative AI in South Africa's digital government is intricately tied to strong ethical governance and data-driven decision-making. The analysis identified four key scenarios: the "Igwijo" scenario, representing a future characterized by harmony between AI integration and ethical oversight; the "Two-Pot" scenario, reflecting intentional caution and effort to mitigate potential risks associated with AI; the "Protection Fee" scenario, indicating the perils of weak governance leading to exploitation and economic disparities; and the "POV" scenario, showcasing the challenges posed by high AI adoption under insufficient regulatory frameworks. Each scenario illustrates distinct paths South Africa may navigate, emphasizing the importance of ethical considerations and inclusivity in achieving a balanced and effective digital government.

The study puts forward that to harness the transformative potential of Generative AI while mitigating associated risks, policymakers must prioritize the establishment of comprehensive legal frameworks, invest in capacity building, and foster public trust. By doing so, South Africa can ensure that AI technologies not only enhance operational efficiency and public service delivery but also promote social equity and accountability. The study further highlights the need for ongoing dialogue among stakeholders to create inclusive strategies that integrate ethical governance as an integral part of digital transformation, positioning South Africa as a leader in responsible AI use in governance both regionally and globally.

As agentic AI becomes privileged, it will disrupt the business environment, transforming the way business is done, managed and directed. These self-governing intelligent agents facilitate hyper-personalization of the customer experience, real-time data analytics, and competitive innovation, even as they face issues such as legacy integration. On the operational level, agentic AI can optimize the supply chain, resupply workforces, and drive efficiency through predictive maintenance and automation, but concerns about job loss and scalability also emerge. The role of AI in establishing resilient and cyber-defensive organisations against autonomous threats, ranging from reactive to adaptive defences, threat recognition, anticipative risk management, and compliance, is a key focus area. Nevertheless, companies must take into account such threats as hostile incursions, theft of information, and ethical prejudices, which can ruin the possibility of trust. There is a need to transform leadership, and all executives should become data literate to implement an AI application at the highest level. This entails prioritising good governance and ensuring human oversight as a precondition to avoid unnecessary reliance. In this article, three case studies are presented in the fields of healthcare, finance, and manufacturing, highlighting the possibilities for revenue growth and innovation on the one hand, and the security vulnerabilities and regulations enforcement on the other. Corporations must work to make agentic AI work well, which involves a thoughtful integration of a potentially world-changing, but potentially dangerous technology into their systems, and figuring out the structure that can most efficiently use the advancement in a harmless and non-abusive fashion.

This paper examines recent evidence on artificial intelligence (AI) adoption and its implications for jobs and skills. Drawing on large-scale surveys conducted by leading consultancies and supported by journalistic reporting, it analyses three interlinked themes: the rapid advance of generative AI capabilities, uneven patterns of enterprise adoption, and the persistent gap between pilot projects and value capture at scale. The discussion highlights the organisational enablers and barriers shaping adoption outcomes and assesses emerging labour-market effects, including wage premia for AI-related skills, risks to routine and entry-level roles, and the restructuring of career pathways. The paper argues that AI’s impact on employment is not predetermined, but depends critically on how organisations and policymakers respond. By focusing on the relationship between technological innovation, adoption practices, and workforce development, the analysis contributes to ongoing debates on the future of work and skills policy.

The Covid-19 Pandemic has hit several countries in the world, including Indonesia. Some of those affected were the industrial world, which resulted in layoffs. In principle, the Pre-Employment Card is a bridge that connects the community with various kinds of new skills training. In addition, the Government also hopes to create a more capable and empowered society to simultaneously reduce excessive dependence on others. This research uses a mixed-method approach and explores the implementation process of the Pre-Employment Card program. The conclusion of this study directs that the pre-employment card program is a policy issued by the Government in the midst of the Covid-19 Pandemic as a social safety net and to train and improve the competence of the workforce to face the demographic bonus in 2030. Socialization carried out by the agency is only through the media social Instagram. In addition, the interaction that occurs in the account is very minimal, so the socialization carried ...

This paper investigates the contentious claim that Artificial Intelligence (AI) has precipitated a widespread elimination of entry-level jobs. Drawing upon a synthesis of recent empirical research from academic institutions and statistical reports from governmental agencies, this analysis posits that while AI has not effectuated a wholesale eradication of junior positions, it has initiated a profound and disruptive transformation of the early-career labour market. Evidence suggests a discernible decline in hiring for specific entry-level roles most susceptible to automation by large language models (LLMs). Concurrently, AI is augmenting the productivity of novice workers who secure employment and is catalysing a significant shift in requisite skills, elevating the premium on analytical and socio-emotional competencies over routine cognitive tasks. The paper argues that the transition from education to employment is being fundamentally reshaped, presenting both significant challenges and novel opportunities for new entrants to the workforce.

In the ever-changing landscape of artificial intelligence (AI), public trust rises as a key determinant of selection, acceptance and management. Taking the result as a platform for this exploratory paper, the author examines the complex relationship that relates media consumption, political ideology, and trust to the development of emerging attitudes toward AI. Mass media through various forms of framing and framing narratives act as influential ornamenters of public perception, and political ideologies constitute selective lenses through which individuals interpret mediated information on AI, leading to polarized trust and skepticism outcomes. "Trust in AI is multidimensional-from dependency on technical operation to more insidious affective and evaluative factors-and in constant negotiation in the context of media reportage and ideological standpoints." By reviewing empirical research and case studies, this paper shows how patterns of media use and ideological identity intersect to produce plural and sometimes contradictory public reactions to AI technologies. It highlights the importance of transparency, explainability and ethical governance in building smart, balanced trust. The analysis also points out that any effective policy and communication strategies will need to account for these complex social dynamics in order to cross divides and advance inclusive and responsible AI (iAI) adoption. VND-2024-23-2024-02 "This research proposes an integrated view of public trust development and considerations for AI's ethical integration to help respond to future challenges and opportunities in society across political and cultural divides.

This research delves into the changing realm of cybersecurity risks, within the financial industry of Nigeria by analysing patterns of cyber threats and how they affect financial institutions. By utilising a blend of data analysis from documented cyber incidents and personal insights gathered from professionals in the field, the study uncovers weaknesses and new dangers on the horizon. The results indicate an uptick in cyber assaults; ransomware attacks, phishing schemes, and internal risks are now key focal points of apprehension within this sector. The research introduces an approach to bolster cybersecurity practises within the industry by highlighting the importance of strong technological systems and employee training and fostering collaboration across the industry landscape. It contributes knowledge to the expanding realm of literature on cybersecurity in developing nations and offers actionable guidance for officials and financial institutions in Nigeria.

This paper proposes an integrated cybersecurity framework optimized for the protection of Nigeria’s critical infrastructure. It leverages recognized standards such as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 27001 and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), while incorporating technologically advanced components including threat intelligence, incident response, and continuous monitoring. The framework specifically addresses sector-specific challenges faced by Nigeria’s oil and gas, telecommunications, power, and healthcare industries. Its distinctive features include customization to Nigeria’s unique environment, enhancement of threat intelligence capabilities, industry-focused recommendations and implementation strategies, integration of innovative cybersecurity technologies, alignment with existing Nigerian regulations, and comprehensive, targeted incident response plans. By combining these elements, the proposed framework delivers a robust and adaptable approach to managing cybersecurity risks for Nigeria’s critical infrastructure, thereby strengthening resilience against evolving cyber threats and ensuring the continuity of essential services.

Violations of labor rights have been constant in the United States, and millions of laborers in multiple industries especially the low wage earners, immigrants, and gig economy workers are affected by various forms of violations. Wage theft, workplace discrimination, working under unsafe conditions, and union retaliation are still common practices faced by the vast majority of workers even though the country has comprehensive labor laws, such as the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), and Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA). The present article is a reflection on the origin of these persistent abuses and underlines the importance of legal education in alleviating these wrong doings. The article cancels out the most crucial tendencies in labor law infringement based on the recent data provided by federal and state labor agencies, advocacy groups, and scholarly works. The article also reveals the most impacted industries, and demographical categories. It also evaluates the efficiency of legislation systems and laws enforcement. The main thesis is that the legal literacy and education, be it formal (in schools and law courses) or informal (through unions, non-governmental institutions, local workshops, etc.), play a significant role in empowering workers, enhancing reports, and reinforcing enforcement. In addition, the paper addresses the issue of access to legal education through cost, language, fear of reprisal, and a small reach, especially among disadvantaged populations. It suggests policy recommendations to enable policy to be carried out in terms of integrating legal learning in state institutions, trade occupations, and employment training programs. In the final analysis, this paper should make the case that legal literacy should not only be employed as a means of individual empowerment but should be positioned as another prescription to the fulfillment of labor justice in the U.S. on a broader sense.

This literature review explores how researchers have conceptualized resilience, drawing from five key academic sources and a moving TEDx talk by Dr. Lucy Hone. It examines why some individuals emerge stronger while others suffer lasting psychological impacts, and what this means for understanding resilience in real-world contexts.

Once, a university degree was widely seen as a "ticket" to securing high-paying jobs and social mobility. Now, as artificial intelligence (AI) promises to revolutionise the labour market, it's university students and recent graduates who face some of the greatest uncertainty. How do you pick a major or a career when it isn't obvious what jobs will even exist in 10 years' time? Back in May, the chief executive of the AI company Anthropic, Dario Amodei, claimed AI could eradicate half of all entry-level white collar jobs over the next five years. At this stage, it's still up for debate whether AI will lead to such a mass wipe-out of graduate roles, or just change what these jobs look like. Either way, we have a collective duty to prepare young people for an AI-driven world. Students, educators, employers and the government all have a role to play. First foot on the ladder Canva/The Conversation Will AI pull the career ladder up out of reach-or just change what it looks like?

While national statistics report a seemingly low youth unemployment rate, a closer look reveals a dominance of underemployment, particularly within the informal sector, and there exists a critical gap regarding the effectiveness of government intervention design to address this challenge. The objective of this paper is to study the effect of the Tree Year Special Youth Plan (TYSYP) on enterprise viability and the improvement of youth employability in the rural sector of Cameroon. This highlights the urgency of addressing this issue in Africa, particularly considering the high rates of youth underemployment in rural areas. Analysing the effectiveness of Cameroon's TYSYP programme, this study offers valuable insights to inform policy decisions and contribute to achieving the SDGs for decent work, sustainable food production, and gender equality. In this study, we adopt a positivist stance using a hypothetico-deductive approach. The data used come from the database of the National Youth Observatory (NYO) and the Department of Youth Economic Empowerment (DYEE), which consists of 1108 young people financed and set up by the TYSYP. Preestimation tests (correlation tests) combined with ordinary least squares regression led to two major results. The TYSYP has a positive and significant effect on the viability and employability of rural youth businesses. The sensitivity analysis shows that government policy, represented here by the amount of the project, has a positive and significant influence on the viability of the projects. However, although this policy has a positive and significant impact on employment for men, it is not significant for women. This study contributes to policy discussions on youth empowerment, rural development, and agricultural investment in Cameroon by highlighting the importance of intensifying the program to provide more comprehensive support for young rural entrepreneurs, particularly by focusing on financing larger-scale processing projects. Additionally, targeted initiatives are needed to address gender barriers and encourage young women's participation in these activities. This combined approach has the potential to increase long-term investment in the agricultural sector and develop rural areas through infrastructure. Full meaning Programs to support the renovation and development of vocational training in the agriculture, livestock and fisheries sectors

This study applies a modified Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix-integrated with the Sustainable Economic Development Assessment (SEDA) framework-to strategically prioritize key economic sectors in India based on both growth potential and sustainability performance. Six major sectors were selected according to their economic and employment significance. Sectoral performance was assessed using recent data on economic, social, and environmental indicators, sourced from national surveys (PLFS, Energy Statistics, etc.) and normalized to ensure comparability. A composite SEDA score was calculated for each sector, and sectors were classified on the BCG matrix by combining these scores with normalized growth and market share metrics. The analysis reveals distinct sectoral strengths and vulnerabilities: Trade & Transport and Financial Services emerge as priority "Stars", while Manufacturing serves as a "Cash Cow", Agriculture as a "Question Mark", and Construction and Public Administration as "Dogs". These findings offer actionable insights for policymakers, suggesting that targeted investment, policy support, and

Many young people start their working lives in low-skill jobs. This report examines whether, for those who have left full-time education, a low-skill job provides them with a good start to their working lives, or whether starting out in a low-skill job can have a ‘scarring’ effect on the individual. Here we define low-skill jobs using levels 4 and 5 of the skill levels allocated by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) to each occupation.

Platform kapitalizminin sacayaklarından depo işçileri ve kuryelerle anlamlı bir ilişki kurulabilirse, emekten yana güçlü bir direniş hattı oluşturulmuş olacak, herhangi bir kolektif eylem anında kapitalizmin tedarik zincirleri kesintiye uğrayacaktır, elbette güncel olarak deneyimlediğimiz gibi öğrencilerin-tüketimin gücünü de katarak.

Introduction: The Nigerian hospitality industry faces significant challenges that limit its resilience and ability to navigate uncertainty. These include high-security expenses, a lack of electricity, and real estate improprieties. Global supply chain disruptions, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic, have highlighted the need for resilience in supply chain management. Abstract: This study investigates various factors influencing the strength of hospitality-based supply chains in Nigeria, particularly during crises. Methodology: The study uses Structured Equation Modeling (SEM) to identify significant supply chain resilience factors. It examines how relational competencies, organizational readiness, and cross-sector collaboration contribute to the sector's resilience to shocks and ability to continue functioning. Results and Discussion: The results indicate that low levels of awareness and unsound crisis management strategies constrain the sector's resilience. Supply chains with a higher degree of cross-organizational collaboration serve customers better and absorb shocks more effectively. Moreover, contingency planning, workforce training, and data-driven decisionmaking are the three major drivers of supply chain robustness. Conclusion: This study reinforces the vital role of integrated crisis-management strategies in building resilience in Nigeria's hospitality sector. Structured contingency planning, collaborative network improvements, and leveraging data analytics can help the industry manage uncertainties and ensure sustainability.

This paper systematically reviewed Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) practice in Zimbabwe, focused on where and how sustainability principles interface with supply chain operations in the context of a developing economy. The overall aim was to determine main challenges, enablers, and actionable insights that can influence SSCM uptake in this unique context. Using thematic analysis based on 45 peer reviewed articles published since 2023, some of the key challenges identified that restrain SSCM implementation include resource constraints, regulatory weaknesses, and limited stakeholder engagement. It also accentuates enablers, such as technological innovation, stakeholder collaboration, and alignment with global standards. The findings integrate the Triple Bottom Line (TBL), Stakeholder Theory, and Resource Based View (RBV) into a proposed comprehensive framework aimed at addressing the challenges and opportunities thrown by SSCM. The current study contributes to the existing literature on socioeconomic contexts typical for developing countries and also offers practical insights for policymakers and managers.

This study investigates the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) to enhance predictive threat modeling in cybersecurity, addressing the growing complexity and frequency of cyber threats. Integrating AI and OSINT offers transformative potential by enabling organizations to transition from reactive to proactive security measures, a critical need in the evolving digital landscape. Leveraging data from the Twitter Academic API, Common Crawl Dataset, and MITRE ATT&CK Framework, the analysis employed descriptive statistical analysis, logistic regression, and multivariate regression methodologies. Results indicate high data completeness (90.41%) and relevance (81.44%) in OSINT datasets, supporting their suitability for AI model training. Logistic regression demonstrated strong predictive capabilities, achieving 94.98% accuracy, 88.69% precision, and an AUC score of 0.91. However, risks such as data bias (-0.36 coefficient) and adversarial manipulation (-0.33 coefficient) significantly impact predictive performance. The ethical implications of this integration, including concerns about privacy, data fairness, and the potential for misuse, are highlighted as critical considerations for broader adoption. Recommendations include robust preprocessing protocols, advanced adversarial defenses, ethical guidelines, and continuous AI innovation to address these challenges. These findings underscore the potential of AI-OSINT integration while emphasizing the need for ethical and technical safeguards to enhance cybersecurity effectiveness.

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) among female workers in the rice mill industry is a critical issue. This study focuses on the level of awareness among both workers and workplace authorities. It also identified the common health hazards women faced due to their working environment and how the system responds to them. Findings show that, despite the hazardous nature of the work environment, Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) awareness remains notably low among both stakeholders: the female workers and the authority, though the inconsideration of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is contributing to the persistence of preventable occupational health risks. This study identifies respiratory problems and musculoskeletal disorders as the common health hazards faced by female workers. Female workers frequently identified their working environment as the root cause of their health issue, again never claimed Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) measure due to unawareness. It also explains little institutional education of workers and traditional inheritance of 'Chatal' keep both workers and 'Mahajan' unaware regarding Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) from generation to generation. Following purely qualitative methods this qualitative study critically analyzes the institutional responsiveness and structural gaps in enforcing Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) regulations, revealing a significant disconnect between policy frameworks it's all sector inclusion and onground implementation. Findings highlight the need for interventions in informal sector, gender-sensitive Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) training and facilities, and stronger regulatory system to ensure Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) system before establishing rice mill to ensure safer working conditions for female laborers in the rice milling sector.

This narrative review explores the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on job security, addressing the associated risks, workforce resilience, and policy responses. The purpose of the study is to synthesise current empirical and theoretical research on AI's influence on employment, moving beyond deterministic projections of mass job loss to provide a nuanced understanding of sectoral, demographic, and ethical implications. The method involved a narrative review of 38 selected studies from academic and policy sources published between 2015 and 2025. The results reveal that AI is both displacing and augmenting jobs, with clerical, routine, and middle-management roles facing the highest risks of automation. Vulnerable groups include women, older workers, and those in low-wage sectors. Conversely, AI is driving job creation in fields such as data science, AI ethics, and cybersecurity. Case studies from companies like UPS, Klarna, Duolingo, and CrowdStrike illustrate diverse pathways of AI-driven job displacement and business restructuring. The review identifies significant skills gaps and highlights the urgent need for reskilling, inclusive lifelong learning, and human-AI collaboration models. Policy responses remain fragmented and reactive, underscoring the necessity for transparent, ethical AI governance and inclusive workforce strategies. The conclusion emphasises that AI's impact on job security is not inevitable but contingent on proactive organisational and policy choices. A human-centred AI paradigm that prioritises transparency, fairness, and social equity is essential to harness AI's potential while safeguarding workers' dignity and agency.

In March 1988, the Government announced its new initiative for inner city regeneration in a document entitled 'Action for Cities'. Disappointingly, 'Action for Cities' did little more than bring together and co-ordinate the plethora of urban development programmes already in existence. There is almost no genuinely new expenditure. 'Action for Cities' also confirms a disturbing, but now well-established, trend in the Government's approach to urban problems, which involves increasingly bypassing the local authorities and relying ever-more exclusively on private developers.

This article argues that the Government's approach is fundamentally misguided.  Britain's local authorities have the administrative apparatus - in the form of specialist, economic development departments - the practical experience and the detailed knowledge of their own inner city areas to act as the most cost-effective means of assisting deprived, urban areas.

This study uses the horizontal and vertical distinction within individualism and collectivism (i.e., four cultural types) as a theoretical framework to predict differences in organisational commitment and job satisfaction. Five hundred and fourteen solicitors working in law firms in Hong Kong participated in this study. Results of regression analysis indicated that horizontalindividualism (HI) had a significant negative effect and horizontal-collectivism (HC) had a significant positive effect on organisational commitment. Both horizontal and vertical collectivism had a significant positive effect on job satisfaction. These relationships were found to be mediated by perceived organisational support (POS). We discuss the implications of our findings and suggest future research directions.

This paper analyzes the accelerating collapse of middle-income employment in India under the pressure of AI automation, with a special focus on the lived realities in Goa. Despite claims of a growing tech economy, wages have stagnated or declined, and employment quality has deteriorated. Junior software engineers, designers, and even bank managers face exploitation, burnout, and underpayment, while traditional blue-collar professions often earn more than college graduates. We examine this inversion of value in the Indian job market through global statistics, policy trends, and first-hand case studies from Goa.

This thesis presents a comprehensive predictive and economic analysis of artificial intelligence's impact on global employment markets, proposing a novel theoretical framework termed the Temporal Displacement-Adaptation Equilibrium (TDAE) Theory. Through systematic analysis of contemporary research, empirical evidence, and economic projections, this study reconciles the apparent contradiction between pessimistic AI displacement predictions and positive empirical evidence from technology adoption studies. The TDAE framework posits that AI's employment impact follows a three-phase temporal dynamic: acute displacement (2025-2029), adaptation acceleration (2028-2032), and new equilibrium (2032-2040). Quantitative analysis reveals a weighted probability outcome of-41 million jobs by 2030, with substantial uncertainty (±1.5 billion jobs, 95% confidence interval). The research demonstrates that while significant short-term displacement is inevitable, adaptive mechanisms and new sector creation ultimately yield net positive employment outcomes. This thesis contributes original theoretical insights to the technological unemployment literature and provides evidence-based policy recommendations for managing the AI transition period.

This is the Fifth Paper in a series of discussion papers prepared for the International Academic Symposium "Priorities for Palestine's Economy in the Midst of War" scheduled for December 4, 2024. These papers reflect on optional scenarios for the postwar phase, including Palestinian governance strategies, immediate socioeconomic challenges and priorities, and the (legal, institutional and political) tools at the disposal of the Palestinian people to actively determine their future. They will also analyze the economic policies and strategies that are needed to support Palestine's struggle for independence, focusing on self-sufficiency, economic resilience and productive capacity, trade expansion and market diversification and sustainable growth. The issues also include concern about how to strengthen the social contract in Palestine, focusing on how governance, economic policies, and social services can be aligned to meet public expectations and foster social cohesion.

Extended working life (EWL) in old age is an increasingly prevalent phenomenon in aging populations. Gender inequalities constitute one of the most studied aspects of EWL. However, research on this issue has been predominantly quantitative, resulting in limited understanding of the situated meanings and experiences of work in old age for men and women. This article sheds light on the few studies that have explored gender inequalities in EWL qualitatively, systematically reviewing 47 articles.

Through this article, we will discuss the most important elements that characterize the phenomenon of informality in Algeria, and this is through studying the reality of the informal economy in Algeria, where the latter has witnessed rapid development and widespread spread in various vital sectors in recent decades, and it has also come to affect various social classes in Algerian society due to the presence of factors that contributed to its spread. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the specificity of the informal economy in Algeria, based on studying the most important groups working in it, and the most important sectors that are active in it, and then after that we show the extent of the state's adaptation to this economy.

Die Bedeutung von beruflicher Orientierung sowohl aus betrieblicher als auch aus Schülersicht ver-anlasst Schulen und Betriebe bzw. ihre Verbände dazu, stärker über Formen der Zusammenarbeit nachzudenken, um die Rahmenbedingungen für Schülerinnen und Schüler im Übergang von Schule und Beruf zu verbessern. Dabei treten in der Diskussion immer wieder Forderungen nach mehr Prak-tika in den Vordergrund, die zumeist tatsächlich einen maßgeblichen Einfluss auf die Berufswahlent-scheidung haben, allerdings nicht die einzige Möglichkeit-und je nach Ausgestaltung und vorherigen Kenntnissen auch nicht die zwangsläufig beste Möglichkeit zum Einstieg darstellen. Nachdem in ver-schiedenen Projekten des Forschungsinstituts für Berufsbildung im Handwerk an der Universität zu Köln (FBH) zunächst das Berufswahlverhalten von Schülerinnen und Schülern sowie Erwartungen an Praktika untersucht wurden, werden in einer aktuellen Studie die konkreten Formen der Zusammen-arbeit zwischen allgemein bildenden ...

El Presidente de la Nación hizo campaña repudiando al Banco Central de la República Argentina. Estamos convencidos de que no se defiende lo que no se conoce, y que somos nosotros y nosotras, las trabajadoras y los trabajadores del Banco Central, quienes mejor sabemos —porque lo vivimos— lo que el BCRA significa, no sólo para la economía del país, sino también, y sobre todo, para quienes lo habitamos, lo sostenemos y lo construimos todos los días.
Por eso, decidimos compartir en este documento nuestro sentir y nuestro orgullo respecto del BCRA, celebrando su existencia en este 90° aniversario e intentando dar a conocer a nuestra comunidad la función social del Banco Central. Porque nadie más lo va a hacer, ni nadie lo hará mejor que nosotros: las y los trabajadores del Banco Central de la República Argentina.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho e identificar quais foram as principais fontes de crescimento da producao industrial do Brasil no periodo entre 2000 e 2009. Utilizando as Matrizes de Insumo-Produto do ano final e inicial, a expansao da producao industrial foi decomposta em contribuicoes de mudancas da demanda final, de mudancas da tecnologia e interacao entre ambas. Para analisar o desempenho do setor industrial, foi realizado o mesmo processo para o setor agropecuaria e servicos. Posteriormente, foi mensurada a contribuicao de cada efeito sobre os setores que compoe a Industria. Alem disso, este trabalho calculou as contribuicoes desagregadas por categoria de demanda final de cada um dos 39 setores da Industria. Os resultados mostram que a principal fonte de crescimento da producao industrial, no periodo em analise, foi o efeito das mudancas da demanda final. Outro aspecto importante, foi a constatacao de desindustrializacao no pais, pois no periodo em questao, observou-se que o ...

Ketimpangan perlakuan antara karyawan tetap dan kontrak masih menjadi isu krusial di berbagai perusahaan industri. Artikel ini mengkaji dampak psikologis yang dialami oleh karyawan kontrak akibat perbedaan signifikan dalam akses terhadap lembur, bonus, fasilitas kerja, serta ruang partisipasi dalam serikat pekerja. Ketidaksetaraan tersebut memunculkan rasa tidak dihargai, ketidakamanan kerja, hingga menurunnya loyalitas dan produktivitas. Tulisan ini menekankan pentingnya penerapan prinsip keadilan organisasional sebagai strategi untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologis karyawan dan menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang inklusif. Dengan membangun sistem ketenagakerjaan yang adil, perusahaan dapat meraih manfaat jangka panjang berupa peningkatan motivasi, harmonisasi hubungan kerja, dan keberlanjutan organisasi.