Video Game / Fatal Frame

Following

Fatal Frame (known as zero 『零』 in Japan and Project Zero in Europe) is a series of Survival Horror games developed by Koei Tecmo, and which have been co-produced by Nintendo since the fourth entry. In contrast to other major horror gaming franchises, the series takes most of its inspiration from Japanese supernatural horror films and folklore, rather than the works of Western writers and filmmakers.

Taking place in 1980s Japan, the Fatal Frame series explores a territory that surprisingly few survival horror games approach: ghosts. Each game takes place in a haunted locale that had been victim to a supernatural disaster in the recent past, with the protagonists visiting the area due to a desire to investigate the history or because they themselves are linked to it in some way. Their only source of defense against the copious amounts of spirits haunting the mountains and abandoned homes being explored is the Camera Obscura, an occult item created in the 1800s that uses special film that grants it the ability to exorcise and pacify violent spirits. Of course, you can't just take a picture of them from across the room, as to deal maximum damage to a ghost, the player must let them get as close as possible before getting a photo.

While most installments are numbered outside of Japan, every entry is a standalone game. However, they do all take place in the same continuity, with references being made to previous installments, and some characters and plot points regularly reappear and are expanded on.

For tropes applying to specific games, go to their respective page.

The Fatal Frame games share these following tropes:

• 1-Up: The Stone Mirror, or Mirrorstone in later installments, refills the health bar completely after it gets depleted and prevents a Game Over. However, it doesn't work on certain ghosts.
• Action Survivor: All of the playable characters. They are normal every day civilians armed with only the Camera Obscura and an entire horde of malevolent ghosts after them.
• Alliterative Title: The series is released as Fatal Frame in the US.
• Anachronism Stew: The Camera Obscura was created before film existed, and has never used it. It's merely a handheld box that reflects light and needs to be traced to capture a picture. What they likely meant was a View Camera, but that doesn't sound as cool.
• And Your Reward Is Clothes: Obtaining certain endings or completing the game on various difficulties unlocks various clothing and costumes for characters to change into.
• Anyone Can Die: Nobody in the game is safe, with many dying through human or ghost hand.
• Apocalyptic Log: One of the collectibles in the games, often in the form of articles, scraps of paper, notebooks and similar to discuss local legends or the location itself. There are also diaries and gemstones depicting the last days and thoughts of the various ghosts.
• Asshole Victim: Some rituals depicted in the series can be considered cruel, as they are imposed on young maidens by their closest family members, like a father or a grandmother. As such, it's no surprise when they eventually fall prey to the young maiden's rage after their respective ritual fails.
• Awesome, but Impractical: Type-Zero film hits for a ton of damage, since it's the strongest film in the series. But it also has the slowest reload time compared to other offensive film, and is extremely rare in supply. One playthrough may net merely 5 or 6 pieces in total.
• Big, Screwed-Up Family: Most of the large, notable families connected to the rituals have their own skeletons (and ghosts) in the closet:
  • In the first one, the Himuro master adopted Kirie as another sacrificial maiden, and killed her lover (who is remarkably like Mafuyu), who could have disrupted the ritual. Said Himuro patriarch also donned a demonic mask, armed himself with a large bladed weapon, and massacred his servants.
  • In the third one, the Kuze family is dominated with an iron fist by the matriarch Yashuu Kuze, who wants her daughters, biological or adopted, to bear girls, while any boys they bear she abandons to die.
• "Blind Idiot" Translation: The series is released under the title Project Zero in Europe. 'Project' is usually used as a company-intern way to refer to the project name and the team currently working on it.
• Boom, Headshot!: Literally so in this series. Photo-shots centered around the target ghost's head will destroy the ghost quicker. Unfortunately, this usually means you're staring right at the ghost's face as he or she is about to touch you.
• Boring, but Practical:
  • Type-14 film is a decent strength of film (even as the second-weakest type in the entire series) and is the go-to film for most battles. Additionally, type-14 is easily found in large amounts.
  • Type-07 film is the weakest film, and loads even slower than Type-14. But it's unlimited, which makes it the best film to use for non-battle shots, and will always be there in case the good film's used up.
• Bragging Rights Reward:
  • The camera function that allows the player to take pictures without using up any film. Depending on the game, it's called None or Infinity, and its ways of unlocking are different, too, either by completing Mission Mode with the highest rank or by finishing the game on Nightmare difficulty. In the fifth game, it's unlocked upon completing the game on Normal and Nightmare difficulty with 100% mission completion, including Ayane's story.
  • The Festival (or, in some entries, Optimal) function is the second-toughest camera function to unlock, and it gives the player a constant, full charge that makes any shot deal tons of damage, though it makes every shot a Fatal Frame shot in the fourth and the fifth games. It's obtained by completing all missions with the highest rank, with the fifth game requiring this to also be done on Nightmare difficulty. In the fourth game^note  (only feasible in the HD remaster because the original version had a Game-Breaking Bug that prevented its accessibility without hacking) and remake of II, it requires a full Ghost List, which requires at least two playthroughs.
• Break the Cutie: The antagonists tend to already be broken cuties. The protagonists get broken.
• Cap:
  • Each type of film has a cap of 99 to carry around at all times.
  • The player may only carry around 1 Stone Mirror, though this cap was removed in the fifth game.
• Central Theme:
  • Fatal Frame I: Familial duty and familial devotion.
  • Fatal Frame II: Twinhood and a twin's (individual) personhood.
  • Fatal Frame III: Survivor's guilt, how a person deals with deep, personal tragedies, and how such tragedies affect those around the person.
  • Mask of the Lunar Eclipse: Memory and memory loss, how our memories can be deceiving, and how they shape our selves.
• Checkpoint Starvation: Several of the games have the last save point occur just before reaching the point of no return, but the player still needs to traverse through long hallways filled with hostile ghosts before reaching the final boss.
• Color-Coded for Your Convenience:
  • The camera's filament will glow blue when non-hostile ghosts, items, or strange presences that need to be photographed are nearby. The filament turns red when a hostile ghost is around.
  • Ordinary ghosts are pale and grayish in color. If a ghost seems to contain some color in their clothes or hair, they are likely much more important. This includes ghosts like the Big Bad of the game or helpful spirits that elaborate on the story.
• Collection Sidequest: Each game has the Ghost List, a tally of every spirit sighting that can be photographed. Completing it is often the way you unlock extra features for the camera, and many benign ghosts have a small window of opportunity for photos.
• Creepy Doll: All the games associate at least some horror themes with dolls.
  • The Doll Room in the first game has a hostile Undead Child ghost within it.
  • The dolls of the Kiryu House in Crimson Butterfly, especially since some look almost exactly like Akane and Azami Kiryu.
  • All Doll Altars in The Tormented have a type of doll called a Kushimi doll. In each altar there are hundreds of them staked to the walls.
  • Downplayed with Miya and played straight with Watashi in Mask of the Lunar Eclipse: Miya is simply a cute, yet mysterious doll gifted to one of the main characters, while Watashi is a creepy human-sized mannequin paraded around by its owner.
  • The Effigies of the Doll Shrine in Maiden of Black Water. Yuri is presented with one that looks similar to her by Shiragiku.
• Cute Ghost Girl: Several ghosts are adorable, like Chitose Tachibana and Amane Kuze.
• Double-Meaning Title: 零 (pronounced "rei") indeed means "zero" as in the term for nothing, but it also means "ghost".
• Deadly Lunge: Ghosts charge toward the player to inflict harm/death.
• Earn Your Happy Ending: Getting a happier ending generally involves playing the game on a harder difficulty or by performing certain actions, some of which are very obscure to complete.
• Electromagnetic Ghosts: Ghosts tend to cause radios, tape players, televisions, telephones, and other kinds of electronics to act up.
• Emergency Weapon:
  • Type-14 was this in the first game. It was the weakest, but was also always possible to have resupplied to a good amount at any available save point.
  • Type-07 film in every other game. It's the weakest type of film, but there's an unlimited supply and it's capable of getting the job done, if all the good film is used up.
• Enemy-Detecting Radar: The Camera Obscura's filament changes color when in the presence of ghosts. It turns blue for ghostly stuff in general, and orange or red for hostile spirits.
• Ethereal White Dress: Several ghosts are dressed in white.
• Everyone Calls Him "Barkeep": The majority of the ghosts in photographs are merely given descriptive titles, rather than actual names. The Ghost List ends to give descriptions that include the ghost's name.
• Face–Heel Turn: This happens to nearly all the hostile ghosts. Vice versa is mostly implied, but are usually confirmed for major ghosts.
• Failure Is the Only Option: Several canon endings involve having failed in some form.
• First-Person Snapshooter: The weapon for most protagonists is a camera.
• Flashback Echo: Non-hostile ghosts are brief images of people repeating actions from life.
• Floating Limbs: The Nintendo-era of the games include ghostly limbs having a chance of grabbing at the protagonist's arm while reaching out for an item. Getting grabbed results in health being lost and the limb needing to be shaken off.
• From Nobody to Nightmare: Most of the antagonists used to be simple shrine maidens or young women, but they turned dangerous upon their rituals failing, and some became corrupted by supernatural forces.
• Game Mod: By far the most popular is the Project Zero "Undubbed" project an attempt to remove the many localization changes the American and European versions of the Playstation 2 games made, and restore the original Japanese voice acting, while maintaining the English language for everything else. The first two games have already been fully overhauled.
• Gameplay Grading: Each game ranks your performance on a letter scale based on either completion time or score.
• Gender-Restricted Ability: It is noted that women are much more likely to develop a spiritual sixth sense, though there are rare cases that a man gains one. This is used to justify why the majority of the games' protagonists are female. The game also uses a ridiculous version when it claims that women are too weak to move furniture out of the way, as an attempt to justify a few Broken Bridges.
• Generational Saga: In hindsight, each game in the franchise adds to the previous one, and, when they are considered as a whole, it becomes a centuries-long generational saga, albeit indirectly, in regards to two families: The Kurosawa/Hinasaki and the Asou/Amakura.
  • Kurosawa/Hinasaki family: In II, it's revealed that Yae was originally from All Gods' Village, had a twin named Sae and father Ryokan Kurosawa, escaped with Ryozo Munakata and married him. Near the end of their lives, they moved to the Himuro Mansion, where they both perished (as depicted in I); in the same game, their descendants Mafuyu and Miku Hinasaki enter the accursed mansion. In V, one of the main characters is Miu Hinasaki, daughter to Miku and Mafuyu.
  • The Asou (plus Amakura) family: In V, it's revealed the childhood and adult years of folklorist Kunihiko Asou. II, III and IV focus on some of his descendants: respectively, Mio and Mayu Amakura, Yuu Asou, and Misaki Asou. V adds another male descendant to the line, Ren Hojo, a writer that is the spitting image of their common ancestor.
• Ghastly Ghost: Since this is a ghost-fighting Survival Horror series, they're EVERYWHERE.
• Ghostly Wail: Many ghosts that are not Whispering Ghosts moan and wail loudly.
• Girly Run: Several of the female protagonists run slowly and with delicate gestures. It’s zigzagged in Black Water where the female characters can haul ass while outside, but indoors they maintain the same dainty, feminine jog.
• Guide Dang It!:
  • Attempting to complete the Ghost List or sidequests without a guide is incredibly difficult. Not only do several ghosts only appear upon completing sidequests or going in the opposite direction of where the plot demands, some ghosts don't appear unless it's a consecutive playthrough and a certain camera function is activated.
  • Obtaining certain endings in some games require certain requirements to be fulfilled, usually in the form of obtaining an item or by observing certain scenes that most players won't know exist.
• Harder Than Hard: Nightmare difficulty was this for most of the original versions, but the enhanced ports added Fatal difficulty. This took Nightmare difficulty and turned it up to eleven, with pretty much any ghost capable of causing a One-Hit Kill.
• Haunted House: The games include haunted houses, manors, hospitals, and islands.
• Hellgate: Most games have a hellgate nearby that needs to be sealed or unspeakable terror is unleashed.
• Human Sacrifice: The events of each game are caused by some horrific ancient ritual that failed. They tend to involve a woman who was to be sacrificed to the local hellgate, but something caused the ritual to fail, and the hellgate was opened, unleashing the horror within.
• Imperfect Ritual: A common source of the game's spiritual disasters is someone screwing up the evil human sacrifice meant to placate the forces of evil.
• Implacable Man: None of the Big Bads or Dragons can be defeated until the final encounter with them.
• Improbable Weapon User: The player uses either a camera or a flashlight to fight ghosts.
• Incest Subtext: Several games are no stranger to hinting or outright confirming incestuous connections. Fatal Frame II/Deep Crimson Butterfly for the subtextual one, and Fatal Frame V for the canon one.
• I See Dead People: People with a sixth sense can see spirits.
• Jacob Marley Apparel: Nearly every ghost that appears in the series are wearing in their ghostly forms the clothes they had at the time of their deaths.
• Late to the Tragedy: By the time the protagonists reach the haunted place, whatever event may have occurred to doom the location, it had already taken place long ago.
• Leitmotif: Each ghost has its own encounter music, though it's more white or ambient noise.
• Magical Camera: The Camera Obscura, designed by folklorist and occultist Kunihiko Asou to peer into the supernatural. In regards to in-game gameplay, among other things, it is able to exorcise ghosts, reveal secrets, and exorcise spectral seals blocking off doors.
• Male Gaze: Several of the games focus the camera on female bodies.
• Men Are the Expendable Gender: The mortality rate for male characters, playable or non-playable, is high.
• Menacing Mask:
  • In Fatal Frame I, the Himuro Family Master wore a featureless "Mask of Reflection" before the event known as the Calamity, when the ritual failed. His mask then began to look more demonic, and he eventually killed everyone in Himuro Mansion, and lastly himself.
  • Fatal Frame: Mask of the Lunar Eclipse: Masks are one of the prominent motifs of the game. Some instances include:
    • Shigeto Haibara, director of the Haibara Hospital, wore a golden/yellow mask with a pained expression during the failed ritual (in the game's backstory).
    • Souya Yomotsuki, protagonist Ruka Minazuki's father, also becomes a ghost after the failed ritual. When he is encountered through the game, he is seen with a scary mask and attacks with masks.
    • Finally, the method to create the titular "Mask of the Lunar Eclipse": among other things, it involves removing the face of a person who has Bloomed (an in-game physical condition that affects the face).
  • Fatal Frame: Maiden of Black Water: The mask donned by the hostile ghost Shadow-touched looks intimidating.
• Miko: Several of the games feature shrine maidens who would perform various duties in the ancient times.
• Mini-Game: Usually tasking the player to defeat a certain set of ghosts with a specific type of film and in limited supply. The more points the player achieves, the better the score.
• Ms. Fanservice: Several characters are meant to give fanservice to the player, in appearance or attitude.
• Murder Into Malevolence: A recurring theme of the games is that the ritual to appease the Hellgate or whatever fails, and the main sacrifice becomes a ghost or an entity that floats between life and death. In this state, the main sacrifice (which is mostly a young girl or maiden) starts to violently chase any of the people that killed her, turning them into evil ghosts the player has to contend in modern times. Also, despite the ritual failing, there are still survivors that try to escape the ghost's rage, or try to delay the effects of the failed ritual, only to fall prey to the main ghost and become murderous specters.
• My Hero, Zero: Type-Zero film is the most powerful type of film.
• New Game Plus: Loading the game up from a cleared game save-file allows the player to go through the story again, while retaining all their film, healing items, unlocked camera functions and upgrades, as well as Spirit Points. It also adds a function to the camera to make previously-invisible ghosts appear, and gives the player the chance to unlock other endings.
• No Canon for the Wicked: Inverted, with several canon endings being the bad ones.
• Notice This: Objects appear as shimmering dots of light that must be picked up.
• Nothing Is Scarier: Only vague glimpses are ever given to what lies beyond the local hellgate.
• One-Hit Kill: The Big Bad and The Dragon of the games can kill with just one touch.
• Painting the Medium: Being a series about both photography and J-horror, expect to see a lot of film grain-style filters applied to the graphics, especially in cutscenes.
• Perpetual Frowner: All of the protagonists are very rarely seen smiling, as they all have something sad behind their stories. You can count the number of times the protagonists throughout all the games smile with one hand.
• Personal Space Invader: All of the ghosts, as their touch drains health.
• Plotline Death: Mafuyu Hinasaki, Mayu Amakura, and Madoka Tsukimori are the canonical deaths.
• Point of No Return: Some games warn the player when approaching this spot, while others give no indication. They all do have a save point located just before entering it, though.
  • The underground cavern in the first game.
  • The door leading to the Abyss in the second game.
  • The passage to the Shrine of Thorns in the third game.
• Post Modern Magic: The vintage camera exorcises spirits as a core mechanic.
• Save Point: The first game uses an old camera as a save point, while II, III, and IV use a lantern. The save points cannot be used while ghosts are nearby, though.
• Schmuck Bait:
  • Several ghosts will stand around and do nothing, unless the player gets too close or tries to take a picture of them. Then they will approach suddenly or turn hostile.
  • Shiny objects mean new film or healing items to pick up. The Nintendo-era games added the risk of being grabbed by a ghostly arm when reaching for it, though.
• Sensor Suspense: Occurs when hunting for hidden ghosts. There's a chance for a ghostly hand to reach out and grab the player, and while it's rather rare, one should always prepare for one.
• Sidetrack Bonus: Though you'd only have to follow specific routes or objectives to progress the plot, you're still free to roam around the environment and go to the other directions instead (especially in crossroads). Additional item pick-ups can be obtained and optional ghosts can be photographed in doing so. This is also enforced if you want to have a 100% Completion in a game's Ghost List.
• Smashing Survival: Added from the second game onward, a camera function was added that, when activated, let the player dodge a ghost's attack by pressing a certain button or shaking the WiiMote in time.
• Spooky Photographs: The core element of the series. The Camera Obscura is a special camera specifically designed to fight and exorcises ghosts. The infamous Fatal Frame bonus attack occurs when the player takes a picture of the attacking ghost at the last possible second, which usually showcases the ghost's terrifying features in all their twisted glory.
• Stringy-Haired Ghost Girl: Being a series about ghosts in Japan, several ghosts in the series appear like this and each game tends to have at least one.
• Too Awesome to Use: The games tend to be balanced around you using Type-14 to fight the vast majority of ghosts, so stronger films like Type-61, Type-90, and Type-Zero come off as this trope.
• Too Dumb to Live: Entire villages are guilty of this because they choose to build their village near a local hellgate, and prefer to perform human sacrifices to appease it and prevent a disaster from happening that would only reach the immediate, surrounding area instead of doing the sensible thing and not building their homes there or simply moving further away. This is largely invoked Values Dissonance to Western players, but it's an infuriatingly simple solution that makes it difficult to pity the dead people.
• Tragic Monster: A good portion of the ghosts, with many being simply victims of circumstance, being murdered by other ghosts, or being hostile because they cannot move on.
• Tragic Villain: All of the antagonists, since none of them were really evil or a horrible person to begin with. Most only became hostile and dangerous upon being driven insane or influenced by the hellgate's powers.
• Unusually Uninteresting Sight: Several bizarre sights get taken in stride by the protagonists.
• Updated Re-release: The Xbox ports of the first two games add in extra difficulty levels, endings, costumes, and ghosts to capture in the Ghost List. Crimson Butterfly's port also gave the game a first-person mode.
• Virgin Sacrifice: Majority of the rituals required one:
  • In I, Kirie had to cut all ties with the outside world in order to be a perfect sacrifice. However, she fell in love with a outsider that looked like Mafuyu, which could have serious consequences for the Rope Sealing ritual at the mansion's Hellgate.
  • In III, Reika Kuze, an adopted daughter to the Kuze family, fell in love with Kaname, but, being a Tattooed Priestess, had to have no contact with the outside world and to dedicate herself to her role. What triggered the failed ritual was that Kaname was led by his biological younger half-sister into the Chamber of Thorns of the Kuze Manor in order to see Reika again, but Yashuu Kuze got news of his presence and murdered the boy in front of Reika.
• When She Smiles: Seeing an actual smile from the protagonists is a very rare sight, but it is a very sweet sight to behold, as the majority of smiles in this series consist of the Slasher Smile or the Psychotic Smirk from the malevolent spirits.
• Whispering Ghosts: Most of the ghosts never speak above a whisper.