WO2001077691A1 - Chemical analyzer - Google Patents

Abstract

A chemical analyzer includes sound wave generating mechanisms opposed to the side and bottom of a reaction vessel and disposed outside the reaction vessel in the positions where a reagent is supplied to the reaction vessel and a driver for controlling application of a sound wave so that the sound wave may have a component traveling toward the surface of a liquid to be measured in the reaction vessel and a component striking obliquely or parallel with respect to the liquid surface. Thus, mixing and agitation can be efficiently conducted in a noncontact way, and the analyzer is small.

Description

 Chemical analyzer

Technical field

 The present invention relates to a chemical analyzer, and more particularly to stirring for mixing a reagent and a sample in a reaction vessel.

 Akita

Background art

 In the chemical analyzer described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,451,433, an automatic sample dispensing mechanism for supplying a sample to be analyzed and a reagent to a reaction vessel, an automatic reagent dispensing mechanism, Sample in reaction vessel 'Automatic stirring mechanism for stirring reagents, measuring instrument for measuring physical properties of sample during or after reaction, Suction of sample after measurement, discharge and washing of reaction vessel It is composed of an automatic cleaning mechanism to perform these operations, and a control mechanism to control these operations. In particular, the above automatic stirring mechanism automatically lowers the spatula or screw below the liquid level to stir the sample and reagent, and drives the motor connected to the bottom of the spatula to rotate the spatula and stir. Is used. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-146007 discloses that a sample and a reagent are separated from each other by using an acoustic stream generated by irradiating ultrasonic waves to a liquid to be stirred without using a spatula or a screw. Is described in a non-contact manner with stirring.

In recent years, medical examination centers ^ "and the like have demanded high-precision, high-throughput chemical analyzers that collectively analyze a large number of collected samples in a shorter time. The time between when the test is performed and when the test results are obtained is reduced, and the physician can give the patient timely and appropriate treatment. To reduce the burden on patients by reducing the amount of samples collected from patients, and to reduce the amount of waste liquid that must be treated after inspections, a function to perform inspections with a relatively small amount of liquids will be developed in the future. This is an indispensable subject for the chemical analyzer to be used. In addition, by overcoming the above-mentioned problems, the amount of reagent used is reduced, so that there is a secondary advantage that the running cost of the test is reduced. In addition, various other devices are being introduced into medical facilities where such chemical analyzers are installed. Due to the space for installing the devices, the devices do not increase in size to overcome the above-mentioned problems. This is also an important issue.

In the first prior art described above, a sample and a reagent are automatically dispensed to each reaction vessel housed on the circumference of the turntable by a pipe equipped with a robot arm, and the robot arm is similarly operated. The spatula is automatically immersed in the liquid to be measured (sample and reagent dispensed into the reaction vessel) by a spatula stirring mechanism equipped with a stirrer to mix and mix the rain. Then, the reaction is measured and output as an inspection result. After the measurement is completed, the liquid to be measured is suctioned and the reaction container is washed, and the inspection of one item for the sample is completed. In actual usage, multiple tests are processed in batches according to a sequence programmed by the user in advance. When high-speed data is required in such a chemical analyzer that is currently mainstream, the time allocated to each operation (sample, dispensing of reagents, stirring, and washing) must be shortened. Of the operations to reduce the time, the one that is particularly problematic is the operation of stirring the liquid to be measured. If the stirring time is reduced, the desired reaction cannot be achieved due to insufficient mixing, and accurate test results cannot be obtained. In addition, a part of the liquid to be measured adhered to the spatula scatters outside the reaction vessel so that the spatula can be taken in and out of the reaction vessel in a short time. In addition, although the liquid to be measured adheres to the spatula, it is carried over to the reaction vessel for the next inspection (carry over) even though the washing is performed at each stirring operation, causing contamination. The liquid to be measured reacts It will be taken out of the container. For this reason, when testing with a small amount of liquid, the ratio of the amount of reaction liquid to the amount removed is large, which is an error factor that cannot be ignored in the analysis.

 The non-contact stirring method using ultrasonic waves of the second prior art solves the problem of contamination between test samples. In this stirring method, since the object to be stirred is stirred without contact, the liquid does not adhere and the problem of the above-mentioned adhesion to the spatula is solved. The basic principle of this stirring method is to irradiate sound waves from the outside of the reaction vessel to give an appropriate sound field intensity distribution to the object to be stirred in the reaction vessel to induce sound flow. By the way, when the volume of the reaction solution is further reduced, the size of the reaction vessel itself is reduced, and the surface area of the reaction vessel is reduced. For this reason, it becomes difficult to provide the acoustic energy necessary for generating acoustic streaming. Also, in order to generate a circulating flow that is effective for agitation by acoustic flow, it is necessary to form a sharp distribution of the intensity of the sound field inside, but as the size of the container becomes smaller, the sound field inside the container becomes smaller. The problem that the relative intensity difference is small makes it difficult to perform efficient stirring in a short time. Disclosure of the invention

 It is a first object of the present invention to provide a chemical analyzer capable of carrying over a small amount of liquid and agitating a small amount of liquid, thereby realizing higher-speed analytical processing capability. A second object of the present invention is to make it possible to agitate a carry-overless and a very small amount of liquid in a chemical analyzer and to further reduce the size of the apparatus.

For each of the above purposes, a sound wave generating means is provided outside the reaction vessel, and the sound wave generating means transmits the sound wave in a direction from the liquid phase to the gas phase obliquely or parallel to the liquid surface of the liquid to be measured in the reaction vessel. Irradiate the reagent with the same location where the reagent supply means supplies the reagent to the reaction vessel. This can be achieved by performing stirring. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

 FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an entire configuration of a chemical analyzer according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing details of a portion of the embodiment shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is an explanatory view in the case where stirring is performed simultaneously with the ejection of the reagent, FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a specific embodiment of the array sound source, and FIG. FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a thermostat including a stirring mechanism of a chemical analyzer according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is another view of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view showing details of a part of a chemical analyzer according to an embodiment. FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view showing details of a part of a chemical analyzer according to another embodiment using the acoustic coupler of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a view for explaining a chemical analyzer according to another embodiment of the present invention in which the auxiliary stirring of the present invention is introduced.BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

 One embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a collar of the chemical analyzer of the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a configuration of a non-invasive (non-contact) stirrer provided in the chemical analyzer shown in FIG. 1 and performing non-contact stirring and mixing on an object to be stirred.

This chemical analyzer is used to keep the temperature of the reaction disk 101 storing the reaction vessel 102 and the liquid to be detected in the reaction vessel 102 stored in the reaction disk 101 constant. A thermostatic bath 1 1 4, a sample turntable 10 3 for storing the sample cup 10 4, a reagent turntable 10 6 for storing the reagent bottle 10 5, Dispensing sampling dispensing mechanism 107, reagent dispensing mechanism 108, and dispensing dispensed sample and reagent A stirring mechanism 109 for stirring in the reaction vessel, a photometric mechanism 110 for measuring the reaction process of the mixed substance in the reaction vessel, and an absorbance after the reaction, and a reaction vessel after the inspection (photometry) is completed. It is composed of a cleaning mechanism 1 1 1 for cleaning. In this embodiment, the respective mechanisms are arranged so that the dispensing and stirring of the reagent can be simultaneously performed at the same position.

 Before starting the inspection, the components described above are automatically set to the main controller 1 1 2 based on the information (analysis items and liquid volume to be analyzed) set by the user in advance from the console 113. It operates according to the sequence program created by.

 As shown in FIG. 2, the stirring mechanism 109 comprises two sound sources, a lower sound source 205 and a side sound source 206, which are provided on the inner wall side of the thermostat housing the reaction vessel. Have been. Each sound source has a structure in which the segments are arranged in an array so that they can be driven independently. The drive driver 207 selects an appropriate segment and 'drives it, so that a target position can be irradiated with a sound wave'. In the present invention, the liquid to be measured 202 is stirred by sound waves, and the stirring mechanism is constituted by sound wave generating means. In this embodiment, the sound emitted from the sound source is transmitted to the reaction vessel via a constant temperature chamber.

 Next, an outline of the operation of the entire device based on the above configuration will be described, and then details of the operation of the stirring mechanism in the present embodiment will be described. In the following description, the operation will be described using an example of a chemical analyzer having 32 reaction vessels on a reaction disk as an example in order to embody the description of the operation.

FIG. 5 (a) shows the sample dispensing position 501, the reagent dispensing position and the stirring position 502, and the photometry 503 for the 32 reaction vessels stored on the reaction disk in this embodiment. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing positions where cleaning 504 is performed. First, the sample sucked by the sampling mechanism 107 from the sample cup 104 is dispensed into the reaction vessel stopped at the sample dispensing position 501. Next, it rotates 9 pitches as indicated by an arrow 505 until the reagent dispensing and stirring is performed at position 50 and stops (hereinafter, the rotation angle for one reaction vessel is referred to as one pitch). ). During this suspension period, the reagent aspirated by the reagent dispensing mechanism 108 is dispensed from the reagent bottle into the reaction container. At the same time as dispensing, stirring is performed by a stirring mechanism described in detail later. Further, the reaction disk rotates 24 pitches as indicated by an arrow 506 while traversing the photometric mechanism 503, and stops at a position 509 one pitch ahead of the dispensed position. The rotation and stop operation from the sample dispensing to this point is one cycle.

 At the end of one cycle, the next reaction vessel has stopped at the sample dispensing position, and the same operation is repeated. During one cycle, the absorbance of the liquid to be measured in the reaction vessel is measured at a position crossing the photometric mechanism at position 507, and the change in absorbance (reaction process) in each cycle is measured. As described above, in this embodiment, the reaction container rotates counterclockwise by one pitch every cycle, but the reaction container into which the reagent is dispensed first is installed with the washing mechanism 504. At that point, the measurement of the absorbance change is stopped, the liquid to be measured (hereinafter called waste liquid) is aspirated, and washing of the reaction vessel is started.

 Next, the stirring means and its mechanism in this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 2 and FIG. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a state of a test subject fluid when stirring is performed simultaneously with ejection of a reagent.

The drive driver 207 of the side sound source 205 and the lower sound source 206 connected to the main controller 112 that controls the entire apparatus is dispensed with the amount of liquid to be stirred, that is, the sample being dispensed. Receive information 204 about reagent volume. First, the drive driver 2007 fills the reaction vessel with information belonging to the liquid volume. The rise of the liquid level of the liquid to be measured, 304, is calculated, and the optimal sound wave irradiation area including the liquid surface position is determined for the lateral and lower sound sources. Then, the segment of the sound source corresponding to the irradiation area on the side is selected and driven as shown by an arrow 303 so as to follow the rise 30 of the liquid level. At this time, the lower sound wave is driven so that the intensity of the lower sound wave is low enough to lift the liquid surface on one side as shown in the liquid surface 209 in FIG. That is, it is possible to increase the liquid level on one side by driving so that the sound wave intensity on one side of the lower array sound source is increased. On the other hand, the sound intensity on the side is set to be higher than the sound intensity on the lower side, and irradiation is performed so that the liquid surface flows toward the opposing reaction vessel wall. As a result, a swirling flow as indicated by an arrow 210 or 306 is generated in the liquid to be measured in the reaction vessel. This flow mixes the sample with the reagent.

 In each cycle, the above-described stirring operation is sequentially performed on the reaction container stopped at the reagent dispensing and stirring position.

 Next, the configuration of the sound source used in this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. When a piezoelectric element is used as the sound source, the electrode 401 on one side is divided as shown in Fig. 4 (a), and the opposing electrodes 4, 05 on the opposite side are all over the opposite side. It is composed of single electrodes. At this time, a part of the counter electrode 405 is configured to be bent toward one electrode surface side. By bending the electrodes in this way, the connection with the power supply line is concentrated on one side, and wiring is facilitated.

By the way, as shown in FIG. 4 (b), when a voltage 404 is selectively applied to the electrode 403 corresponding to the desired irradiation area 402, it is functionally arranged in an array. It is equivalent to the sound source performed. In this embodiment, the use of a single piezoelectric element on which electrodes are arranged as described above has reduced the cost of the stirring mechanism. A sound source having such a configuration is extremely advantageous during mass production. If the electrode pattern is formed by screen printing or the like, the production time can be reduced. By the way, the principle of stirring and mixing in the present embodiment is based on the conventional method that a sound wave is irradiated from the outside of a reaction vessel to give an appropriate sound field intensity distribution inside a liquid to be measured in the reaction vessel to induce acoustic streaming. It is different from the method of making. That is, in this embodiment, the sound source is operated so that the sound is concentrated near the gas-liquid interface in order to utilize the flow due to the acoustic radiation pressure near the gas-liquid interface, which is not affected by the wall friction at all. . For this reason, it is possible to stir and mix the liquid to be measured with smaller sound intensity than the method using acoustic streaming.

 In the present embodiment, the nozzles 301 of the reagent dispensing mechanism are arranged as shown in FIG. 3, and the ultrasonic waves are generated simultaneously with the reagent dispensing 302. Therefore, a liquid flow occurs in the direction of arrow 350. Thereby, the swirling flow 303 is promoted, and more efficient mixing is performed as compared with the case of the swirling flow of the ultrasonic wave alone. As a result, it becomes possible to reduce the allocation time in the sequence due to the increase in the speed of the apparatus, that is, to cope with the reduction of the mixing time without lowering the mixing performance.

In the conventional chemical analyzer, as described above, both the reagent pitter and the stirring spatula are provided on the robot arm. Interference occurred and it was impossible to do these at the same time. Therefore, in the conventional chemical analyzer, another stop period was inevitably provided in one cycle as shown in Fig. 5 (b). That is, it was stopped at the reagent dispensing position 502, and then moved to a position rotated by one pitch as shown by an arrow 508 and stopped there, and stirring was performed there. However, in the present embodiment, as described above, since the stirring mechanism uses the sound wave generating means provided outside the reaction vessel, it is possible to perform the dispensing and stirring rain operations at the same time. This increases the efficiency of mixing and shortens the time of one cycle in the device. In addition, the analysis processing speed is the same If the time of the cycle is set to be the same as that of the conventional chemical analyzer, the time of stirring (and dispensing of reagents) can be longer, so that sufficient mixing can be performed.

Essentially, agitation is an auxiliary nude that promotes the chemical reaction of multiple substances (in this example, the sample and the reagent) and should be performed as soon as both are dispensed into the reaction vessel. . In the present embodiment, the mixing and stirring are performed simultaneously with the dispensing of the reagent, so that the timing of the stirring is ideal compared to the conventional chemical analyzer. FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a reaction disk containing a thermostat and a reaction vessel at a position provided with a stirring mechanism. The reaction disk 101 is connected to a motor 602 via a rotating shaft 601. Then, the reaction disk 101 is rotated and stopped in the above-described sequence. Depending on the chemical analysis apparatus overall design, the space 60 ³ inside (between the thermostatic bath rotational shaft) of the thermostatic chamber is easier to take a relatively space. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, a sound wave generating means is provided on the inner wall of the constant temperature bath, and the wiring drawn out so as to prevent hot water in the constant temperature layer from leaking is resin-molded. By designing the entire apparatus so that the sound wave generating means is provided not in the wall but in the inner space, it is possible to reduce the space of the entire apparatus.

A feature of the present invention is that a sound wave generating means is provided outside the reaction vessel, and stirring is performed simultaneously with dispensing of the reagent. As a result, the processing speed of the chemical analyzer can be increased. It should be noted that sufficient advantages can be obtained simply by replacing the sound wave stirring mechanism shown in FIG. 2 with a conventional spatula type stirring mechanism. As described above, since the stirring mechanism according to the present invention is completely non-contact with the liquid to be measured to be mixed, the above-mentioned problems associated with the attachment of the spatula are completely eliminated. Therefore, in chemical analyzers that do not require much speed-up, a contamination-less chemical analyzer can be realized by using this stirring mechanism instead of the conventional spatula stirring mechanism. It is possible to In addition, since the stirring mechanism itself is simple as described above, it is more reliable than conventional chemical analyzers, and the size of the entire chemical device can be reduced.

 The embodiment described so far is an example of a stirring mechanism having no moving parts with emphasis on high reliability and simplicity. The feature is that sound sources are arrayed and the sound source section to be used is selected. As another embodiment, an embodiment in which the sound source unit is movable will be described. FIG. 7 shows a configuration in which the sound source is moved and stirred. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, instead of using the array sound source, the sound sources 703 and 706 are provided with position adjustment mechanisms 720 and 705, respectively. As in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the main controller 112 sends information 204 concerning the amount of liquid to be stirred and the timing of stirring to the drive dryer 701. Based on the received information, the drive driver 701 determines the irradiation position of the sound wave in accordance with the height of the liquid surface 209, and controls the position adjustment mechanism 702, 705 to move the sound source section to the irradiation position. Moving. Then, a sound wave 70 is applied according to the information on the stirring timing. As a result, a swirling flow 708 is generated and mixing is performed. In the present embodiment, the position adjustment mechanism 705 for the lower sound source is moved in the vertical direction, but cannot move in the left and right directions. It is provided. The side sound source position adjusting mechanism 720 is provided so as to be movable in the up-down direction and the front-back direction.

'In the examples so far, in order to keep the temperature of the reaction vessel constant, the reaction vessel was immersed in constant temperature water 211 filled in a constant temperature bath. The frequency of the sound wave generating means in the present invention is a sound wave of several MHz, which can be propagated well in water. Therefore, even if the sound wave generating means provided outside the reaction vessel makes the sound wave reach the inside of the reaction vessel. Was possible. On the other hand, in the case of a chemical analyzer using an air thermostat that controls the temperature with air instead of using a thermostat, if a sound wave generating mechanism is provided outside the reaction vessel, the sound wave generating mechanism and the reaction vessel There is an air layer between them This makes it difficult to propagate sound waves. However, even in the case of an air oven type, sound waves can be propagated by coupling the sound impedance between the sound wave generating means and the reaction vessel with a sound wave transmission mechanism (such as a sound coupler) whose material is similar to water. it can. The embodiment will be described below.

 FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of the stirring section of the air-temperature-chamber type chemical analyzer. In this embodiment, a sound source 802, 805 provided with an acoustic coupler 803, 810 is provided with a position adjustment mechanism 801, 8 of two axes (the direction of sound wave propagation and the direction perpendicular thereto). 0 4 is provided. Other configurations are the same as those in the embodiment of FIG. 7. The drive driver moves the acoustic force pullers 803 and 810 to contact the reaction vessel. Since the lower sound source section can be moved only in the vertical direction, the lower sound source section is preliminarily offset from the center of the reaction vessel. It goes without saying that while the reaction vessel is moving, the acoustic coupler is retracted so as not to contact the reaction vessel. In this way, the position of the sound source is adjusted to secure an acoustic transmission path between the sound source and the reaction vessel. Next, if a sound wave is generated according to the information of the stirring timing, the swirling flow 706 similar to that in the previous embodiments can be mixed and mixed even in the case of the air-type constant temperature bath.

Next, as another embodiment, a case where this stirring mechanism is added to the dispensing position and added as an auxiliary stirring mechanism to another place will be described. Fig. 9 shows the configuration when an auxiliary stirring mechanism is provided. FIG. 9 (a) is an example in which two stirring mechanisms 901, 902 are provided in addition to the position of simultaneous stirring with reagent dispensing in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 (a). The operation in one cycle is the same as that of the embodiment shown in Fig. 6 (a). After one cycle and during the stop period after two cycles, that is, the next reaction vessel and the next reaction vessel are dispensed with reagents. While stirring, additional stirring is performed by the auxiliary stirring mechanism. Such an auxiliary stirring mechanism can be easily realized by manufacturing a piezoelectric element used as a sound source as shown in FIG. 9 (b). No. Figure 9 (b) shows a single piezoelectric element that matches the curvature of the thermostat to be installed, and divided electrodes corresponding to the reaction vessel positions 502, 901, and 902, respectively. Things. The piezoelectric element as shown in FIG. 9 (b) can be manufactured by almost the same process as the piezoelectric element of FIG. With the sound generator of this configuration, it is possible to easily add a stirring mechanism. Fig. 9 (b) shows an example of a sound source on the side. Similarly, a single piezoelectric element is processed at the position corresponding to the position of each reaction vessel to produce a lower sound source. Can also be easily manufactured. By providing an auxiliary stirring mechanism as in this configuration, sufficient stirring can be easily performed even when a high-viscosity sample or a highly viscous reagent that is difficult to mix is used. In the present embodiment, a two-stage stirring mechanism is added as an auxiliary, but it is easy to add more as needed. '

 As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to stir a carry-overless microfluidic liquid and realize a higher-speed analysis processing capability. In addition, the carryoverless method enables the stirring of a very small amount of liquid, thereby further reducing the size of the entire apparatus.

Industrial applicability

 As described above, the present invention relates to a mechanism for mixing and mixing liquids in a non-contact manner, and particularly to a case where the present invention is applied to an apparatus for chemical analysis. It is possible.

Claims

The scope of the claims'  1. A reaction container having an opening, a sample supply means for supplying a sample and a reagent or a diluent from the opening, a reagent supply means, a diluent supply means, and the liquid to be measured during or after the reaction. And a measuring means for measuring the physical properties of the  A sound wave generation mechanism that is provided outside the reaction vessel and irradiates a sound wave in a direction from the liquid phase to the gas phase in parallel or obliquely to the liquid surface of the liquid to be measured inside the reaction vessel; A chemical analyzer characterized in that a sound wave is generated and agitated and mixed at the time of supplying a reagent at a position where a reagent is supplied to a container. 2. A reaction container having an opening, a sample supply means for supplying a sample and a reagent or a diluent from the opening, a reagent supply means, a diluent supply means, and the liquid to be measured during or after the reaction. In a ligological analyzer equipped with measuring means for measuring physical properties of  A sound wave generating mechanism that is provided outside the reaction vessel and irradiates a sound wave in the order of a gas-liquid interface on a liquid surface of the liquid to be measured inside the reaction vessel and a wall of the reaction vessel, and at a reagent supply position, A chemical analyzer that generates a sound wave and performs stirring and mixing. '  3. A reaction vessel having an opening, a sample supply means for supplying a sample and a reagent or a diluent from the opening, a reagent supply means, a diluent supply means, and the liquid to be measured during or after the reaction. And a measuring means for measuring the physical properties of the Providing a sound wave generating mechanism provided outside the reaction vessel for irradiating a sound wave in a direction from a liquid phase to a gas phase in parallel or obliquely to a liquid surface of a liquid to be measured in the reaction vessel; And agitating at least twice after supplying the reagent. 4. The sound wave generating mechanism is provided so as to face a side surface or a bottom surface of the reaction vessel, and makes a sound wave obliquely incident from the liquid surface side with respect to the liquid surface of the liquid to be measured in the reaction container. The chemical analyzer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein ',  5. The sound wave generating mechanism is provided so as to face a side surface or a bottom surface of the reaction vessel, and includes a drive mechanism that irradiates a sound wave so that a liquid surface of the liquid to be measured is inclined. 4. The chemical analysis device according to any one of items 1 to 3 above.  6. The chemical component according to claim 4, wherein the sound wave generating mechanism includes an irradiation position adjusting mechanism for changing the irradiation position of the sound wave by applying a force to the reaction vessel. 7. The sound wave generating mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a plurality of sound source units that independently generate sound waves are arranged in an array. Item 6. The chemical analyzer according to Item 1.  8. The sound source section of the sound wave generating mechanism is characterized in that one side electrode is divided into one piezoelectric element, and one electrode on the other side is formed on the entire surface. The chemical analyzer according to claim 7, wherein  9. The sound wave generating mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the sound wave generating mechanism includes an irradiation position adjusting mechanism for changing a sound irradiation position on the reaction vessel, and a sound wave transmitting means between a sound source unit and the reaction vessel. 4. The chemical analyzer according to any one of claims 3 to 3.