RU2244380C2 - Method for radio communications between mobile objects and stationary object residing at initial center of mobile-objects common route - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio communications.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method intended for data transfer to mobile objects from stationary one residing at initial center of common mobile-objects route using electronic means disposed on stationary and mobile objects involves radio communications with aid of low-power intermediate transceiving stations equipped with non-directional antennas and dropped from first mobile object. Proposed radio communication system is characterized in reduced space requirement which enhances its effectiveness in simultaneous functioning of several radio communication systems.

EFFECT: reduced mass and size of transceiver stations, enhanced noise immunity and electromagnetic safety of personnel.

2 cl, 7 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The technical solution relates to radio communications, and in particular to methods of transmitting information to moving objects from a fixed object located at the starting point of the general route of movement of moving objects.

A known method of satellite radio communication (see, for example, O.V. Golovin, N.I. Chistyakov, V. Schwartz, I. Hardon Aguilar. Radio communication. Edited by O.V. Golovin. - M.: Hot line - Telecom , 2001, p.224-279), which consists in transmitting radio signals from a fixed object, receiving these radio signals on an artificial Earth satellite, transmitting these radio signals on an artificial Earth satellite, receiving these radio signals on a moving object, transmitting radio signals from a moving object, receive these radio signals on an artificial Earth satellite, transmit these radio signals shafts from an artificial Earth satellite receive these radio signals on a fixed object.

The specified method allows to provide a large range of radio communication between a ground-based stationary object and moving objects located on the Earth's surface or near it, regardless of their travel routes, however, it requires the launch of radio communication satellites into Earth orbits and control their movement and functioning, which complicates the method.

At the same time, significant satellite orbit heights (from hundreds of kilometers in systems with low Earth orbits to tens of thousands of kilometers in systems with highly elliptical and geostationary orbits - see, for example, Yu.M. Gornostaev, VV Sokolov, L.M. Nevdyaev, Promising Satellite Communication Systems - M .: Hot Line - Telecom, 2000, p. 71) require the use of high-power transceiver devices equipped with highly directional antennas on a space station, as well as on fixed and mobile objects.

However, an increase in the power of transceiver devices causes a deterioration in their overall dimensions, a decrease in the noise immunity of various electronic devices located on fixed and mobile objects, and a decrease in the electromagnetic safety of people on fixed and mobile objects.

This drawback, combined with the limited capabilities of creating antennas with a high gain, leads to an increase in the geometric space occupied by this radio communication system (the sizes of the coverage area of the earth's surface with one beam of a satellite repeater reach hundreds of kilometers in diameter - see ibid., Pp. 78-110 ), which reduces the efficiency of the method in the conditions of simultaneous operation of several radio communication systems.

The term “volume of geometric space” characterizes one of the three main (along with the frequency band and operating time) components of the radio frequency space occupied by the radio communication system (see N. A. Loginov. Actual issues of radio monitoring in the Russian Federation. - M .: Radio and communication , 2000, pp. 11-12).

A known method of radio communication between a ground control station and an aircraft (see, for example, P.S. Davydov, P.A. Ivanov. Operation of aircraft electronic equipment. Handbook. - M .: Transport, 1990, p. 88-92), consisting in the fact that they transmit radio signals from a ground control station, receive these radio signals on an aircraft, transmit radio signals from an aircraft, receive these radio signals at a ground control station.

The specified method does not require solving complex problems inherent in satellite radio communications, and allows you to provide a large range of radio communications with several aircraft, flying at high altitudes along arbitrary routes.

However, the range of radio communications with low-flying aircraft is significantly reduced as a result of the influence of reflection of electromagnetic waves from the Earth's surface (see, for example, Theoretical Foundations of Radar. Edited by V.E.Dulevich. - M .: Soviet Radio, 1978, p.410) .

To increase the range of radio communications, it is necessary to increase the power of transceiver stations located at the ground control station and aircraft, as well as the directivity of the antennas of these transceiver stations.

However, an increase in the power of transceiver stations causes a deterioration in their overall dimensions, a decrease in the noise immunity of various electronic equipment located at the control room and aircraft, and a decrease in the electromagnetic safety of people at the control room and aircraft.

This drawback, combined with the limited capabilities of creating antennas with a high gain, leads to an increase in the volume of geometric space occupied by this radio communication system, which reduces the efficiency of the method in the conditions of simultaneous operation of several radio communication systems.

The technical problem to be solved is to improve the overall dimensions of the transceiver stations of moving objects and a fixed object located at the starting point of the general route of movement of moving objects, to increase the noise immunity of various electronic devices located on fixed and moving objects, to increase the electromagnetic safety of people on fixed and moving objects, reduction of the geometric space occupied by this radio communication system, and consequently flax, increasing process efficiency under simultaneous operation of several radio communication systems based on radio communication via discharged from the first mobile object thin intermediate transceiver stations equipped with omni-directional antennas.

The solution to the technical problem in the method of radio communication between moving objects and a fixed object located at the starting point of the general route of movement of moving objects, which consists in transmitting radio signals from a fixed object at a given operating frequency, receiving radio signals at moving objects at given working frequencies, that from the time of the first removal of the first movable object from the stationary object to a distance determined by the specified ranges of the radio transmitting station a station located on a fixed object and intermediate transceiver stations from the first mobile object reset intermediate transceiver stations, while the transmission of radio signals from a fixed object to mobile objects consists in the fact that they receive radio signals transmitted from a fixed object on the first reset from the first mobile object intermediate transceiver station and transmit them, receive transmitted from the first dropped from the first mobile object intermediate transceiver station and the radio signals at the second intermediate transceiver station dropped from the first mobile object and similarly receive and transmit radio signals using other intermediate transceiver stations reset at a later time from the first mobile object in the direction of radio signals transmission from the reset intermediate transceiver stations to earlier times to reset at later times, received at the first moving object, the radio signals are the radio signals transmitted from the last transponder-transceiver station dropped from the first movable object at other movable objects following the general movement path behind the first movable object also receive radio signals transmitted from the intermediate transceiver stations reset from the first movable object.

When transmitting radio signals from a fixed object to moving objects, the specified working frequency of the radio signals received at each intermediate transceiver station reset from the first mobile object, apart from the first intermediate transceiver station reset from the first mobile object, is the specified working frequency of the radio signals transmitted from the intermediate transceiver station reset from the first moving object to the closest to the time of reset of this intermediate transceiver station and an earlier point in time specified by the operating frequency of the radio signals received at the first intermediate transceiver station discarded from the first mobile object is the given operating frequency of the radio signals transmitted from the fixed object, the given operating frequency of the radio signals received at the first mobile object is the specified operating frequency of the radio signals transmitted from the last dropped from the first mobile object of the intermediate transceiver station.

The term “moving object” is generally accepted (see, for example, Soloviev, Yu.A. Satellite Navigation Systems. - M.: Ecotrendz, 2000, p. 39). Mobile objects include, in particular, means of land, water and air transport, equipped with radio communications, and mobile objects can not only be in motion, but also make stops.

1 conventionally shows a stationary object, a first mobile object and a second mobile objects, a radio transmitting station, a first radio receiving station and a second radio receiving station located respectively on a fixed object, a first mobile object and second moving objects, intermediate transceiver stations dropped from the first mobile object, for the case in which the fixed object is a ground control tower, the first moving object and the second moving objects are low flying nymi apparatus, the number of second mobile objects is one, the number of dropped from the first mobile object intermediate transceiver stations is eight.

Figure 2 conditionally shows the first radio receiving station, a control unit, a speed meter, a task unit, a reset unit containing an electric drive, a conveyor placed on a moving object, load-bearing elements fixed to the conveyor belt, magnets fixed one in each of the load-bearing elements , intermediate transceiver stations placed one at a time in each of the bearing elements located in the upper position, with a parachute attached to each of these intermediate transceiver stations, for the case I, in which the number of intermediate transceiver stations is six.

Figure 3 conditionally shows a radio transmitting station.

Figure 4 conditionally shows the first radio receiving station.

Figure 5 conditionally shows the transceiver unit of the intermediate transceiver station.

Figure 6 conditionally shows an intermediate transceiver station.

In Fig. 7, a second radio receiving station is conventionally shown.

The system for implementing the method shown in Figs. 1-7 comprises a radio transmitting station 3 and a first radio receiving station 4 located on the fixed object 1 and on the first movable object 2, respectively, intermediate transceiver stations 5 located on the first movable object 2, a control unit 6 , a speed meter 7, a task unit 8, a reset unit 9, arranged on the first movable object 2, a reset unit 9 includes an electric drive 10, a conveyor 11, load-bearing elements 13 are fixed on the belt 12 of the conveyor 11, and the intermediate receiver the receiving stations 5 are placed one at a time in each of the supporting elements 13, which are in the upper position, and to each intermediate transceiving station 5 located in the supporting element 13, parachute 15, which is placed in this supporting element 13, is attached with slings 14, a reset unit 9 contains magnets 16 placed one at a time in each of the supporting elements 13, the housing 17 of the first movable object 2 has an opening 18, the radio transmitting station 3 contains a message source 19, a first frequency converter 20, a first local oscillator 21, a first amplifier 22 power, the first transmitting antenna 23, the first radio receiving station 4 comprises a first receiving antenna 24, a first bandpass filter 25, a first low noise amplifier 26, a second frequency converter 27, a controlled generator 28, a first intermediate frequency amplifier 29, a first demodulator 30, a first receiver 31 messages, each intermediate transceiver station 5 contains a transceiver unit 32 and a power unit 33, the transceiver unit 32 contains a second receiving antenna 34, a second band-pass filter 35, a second low-noise amplifier 36, tre a frequency converter 37, a second local oscillator 38, a second intermediate frequency amplifier 39, a fourth frequency converter 40, a third local oscillator 41, a second power amplifier 42, a second transmitting antenna 43, the power supply unit 33 contains an electromagnetic relay 44, a reed switch 45, a battery 46, the system comprises also placed one on each second movable object 47, the second radio stations 48, each of which contains a third receiving antenna 49, a third band-pass filter 50, a third low-noise amplifier 51, a fifth frequency converter 52, four grated local oscillator 53, third intermediate frequency amplifier 54, processing channels 55, the number of which is one greater than the number of intermediate transceiver stations 5 located on the first moving object 2, each processing channel 55 containing a fourth band-pass filter 56, power meter 57, analog-to-digital converter 58, each second radio receiving station 48 also contains an analog switch 59, a microcontroller 60, a second demodulator 61, and a second message recipient 62.

The outputs of the task unit 8 and the speed meter 7 are connected to the corresponding inputs of the control unit 6, one of the outputs of which is connected to the control input of the controlled generator 28 of the first radio receiving station 4, the other output of the control unit 6 is connected to the input of the electric drive 10 of the conveyor 11, in the radio transmitting station 3 output the message source 19 is connected to the first input of the first frequency converter 20, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first local oscillator 21, the output of the first frequency converter 20 is connected to the input of the first power 22, the output of which is connected to the input of the first transmitting antenna 23, in the first radio receiving station 4, the output of the first receiving antenna 24 is connected to the input of the first band-pass filter 25, the output of which is connected to the input of the first low-noise amplifier 26, the output of which is connected to the first input of the second converter 27 frequency, the second input of which is connected to the output of the controlled generator 28, the output of the second frequency converter 27 is connected to the input of the first intermediate frequency amplifier 29, the output of which is connected to the input of the first of the second demodulator 30, the output of which is connected to the input of the first message recipient 31, in the transceiver unit 32 of each intermediate transceiver station 5, the output of the second receive antenna 34 is connected to the input of the second band-pass filter 35, the output of which is connected to the input of the second low-noise amplifier 36, the output of which is connected to the first input of the third frequency converter 37, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second local oscillator 38, the output of the third frequency converter 37 is connected to the input of the second amplifier 39 of the intermediate clock a cell, the output of which is connected to the first input of the fourth frequency converter 40, the second input of which is connected to the output of the third local oscillator 41, the output of the fourth frequency converter 40 is connected to the input of the second power amplifier 42, the output of which is connected to the input of the second transmitting antenna 43, in the power supply unit 33 each intermediate transceiver station 5, the first terminal of the coil of the electromagnetic relay 44 is connected to the positive pole of the battery 46, the second terminal is connected to the first terminal of the reed switch 45, the second terminal of which is connected n with the negative pole of the battery 46, the positive pole of the battery 46 is connected through the normally closed contacts of the electromagnetic relay 44 to the positive power terminal of the transceiver unit 32, the negative power terminal of which is connected to the negative pole of the battery 46, in each second radio receiving station 48 the output of the third receiving antenna 49 is connected with the input of the third band-pass filter 50, the output of which is connected to the input of the third low-noise amplifier 51, the output of which is connected to the first input of the fifth pre frequency generator 52, the second input of which is connected to the output of the fourth local oscillator 53, the output of the fifth frequency converter 52 is connected to the input of the third intermediate frequency amplifier 54, the output of which is connected to the inputs of all fourth bandpass filters 56, the output of the fourth bandpass filter 56 of each processing channel 55 is connected to the corresponding switched input of the analog switch 59 and with the input of the power meter 57, the output of which is connected to the input of the analog-to-digital converter 58, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding the input inputs of the microcontroller 60, the outputs of which are connected to the control inputs of the analog switch 59, the output of which is connected to the input of the second demodulator 61, the output of which is connected to the input of the second message recipient 62.

The range of the radio transmitting station 3 is set according to the specified ranges of the intermediate transceiver stations 5, the tuning frequency of the first local oscillator 21 is the predetermined transmission frequency of the radio transmitting station 3, the tuning frequency of the second local oscillator 38 of each intermediate transceiving station 5 is different from the given reception frequency of this intermediate transceiver station 5 the value of the intermediate frequency of the latter, the tuning frequency of the third local oscillator 41 of each intermediate transceiver with Station 5 differs from the preset transmission frequency of this intermediate transceiver station 5 by a predetermined intermediate frequency of the latter, the preset transmission frequency of each intermediate transceiver station 5 differs from the preset transmission frequencies of other intermediate transceiver station 5, the specified frequency of each intermediate transceiver station 5 located on the first movable object 2, in addition to the intermediate transceiver station 5, located at a minimum distance along the conveyor 11 from Version 18 is the predetermined transmission frequency of the intermediate transceiver station 5, located at a minimum distance from this intermediate transceiver station 5 in the direction along the conveyor 11 to the hole 18, the specified frequency of reception of the intermediate transceiver station 5, located on the first movable object 2 at a minimum distance along the conveyor 11 from the hole 18, is a predetermined transmission frequency of a radio transmitting station 3 located on a fixed object 1, the receiving frequency of each of the second radio receiving stations 48 coincide with the corresponding transmission frequencies of the radio transmitting station 3 and the intermediate transceiver stations 5.

The essence of the method is as follows.

Consider a situation in which the stationary object 1 is a ground control tower, the first mobile object 2 and the second mobile objects 47 are low-flying aircraft, such as helicopters or airships.

The movement paths of the first movable object 2 and the second movable objects 47 are the same.

The second movable objects 47 follow the general route of movement for the first movable object 2.

The term “low flying aircraft” is generally accepted (see, for example, Radio Engineering Systems. Edited by Prof. Yu.M. Kazarinov. - M .: Higher School, 1990, p. 211). The first movable object 2, in particular the aircraft, is low-flying if the condition is met (see Theoretical Foundations of Radar. Edited by V.E.Dulevich. - M.: Soviet Radio, 1978, p.410):

where c is the speed of light; h _a - the height of the first transmitting antenna 23 of the radio transmitting station 3, located on a fixed object 1; h _b is the height of the first receiving antenna 24 of the first radio receiving station 4 located on the first movable object 2; d is the distance between the stationary object 1 and the first moving object 2.

Expression (1) is true if the condition for specular reflection of radio waves from the underlying surface is fulfilled (see ibid., P. 405):

where Ψ is the slip angle; δ is the height of the irregularities of the underlying surface.

For definiteness, we assume that the underlying surface, which is the surface of the Earth, is a mirror-reflecting horizontal plane, i.e. condition (2) is satisfied.

On a stationary object 1 place a radio transmitting station 3.

At the first movable object 2, the first radio receiving station 4 and N of the intermediate transceiver stations 5 with the numbers n = 1, 2, ..., N are placed, where n are positive integers.

In the General case, from the first movable object 2 at each point of discharge can reset several intermediate transceiver stations 5.

We assume that from the first movable object 2 at each discharge point, only one intermediate transceiver station 5 is reset.

To earlier times of the reset of the intermediate transceiver stations 5 from the first mobile object 2 correspond to the intermediate transceiver stations 5 with lower numbers:

where t _n , tν are the times of dumping of the nth and νth intermediate transceiver stations 5, respectively; ν = 1, 2, ..., N are positive integers.

, при котором первый подвижный объект 2 находился в начальном пункте О своего маршрута.At the first mobile object 2 countdown t _b are from time

at which the first movable object 2 was at the starting point O of its route.

At the starting point O of the movement path of the first movable object 2 and the second movable objects 47, there is a stationary object 1 (Fig. 1).

The last intermediate transceiver station 5 discarded from the first mobile object 2 is an intermediate transceiver station 5, which was reset at the latest time:

where n _max = 1, 2, ..., N.

The range of the nth intermediate transceiver station 5 dropped from the first mobile object 2, except for the last intermediate transceiver station 5 dropped from the first mobile object 2 (n = n _max ), is

where P _{n out} - the power of radio signals transmitted from the n-th reset intermediate transceiver station 5; P _{n + 1 pr.min} - a certain threshold value characterizing the sensitivity of the (n + 1) th reset intermediate transceiver station 5; h _n , h _{n + 1} are the heights of the second transmitting antenna 43 of the n-th and second receiving antennas of the 34 (n + 1) -th reset intermediate transceiver stations 5, respectively.

The range of the last dropped from the first mobile object 2 intermediate transceiver station 5 is

- мощность радиосигналов, передаваемых с последней сброшенной с первого подвижного объекта 2 промежуточной приемопередающей станции 5; Р_{b пр.мин} - некоторая пороговая величина, характеризующая чувствительность первой радиоприемной станции 4 первого подвижного объекта 2;

- высота расположения второй передающей антенны 43 последней сброшенной с первого подвижного объекта 2 промежуточной приемопередающей станции 5.Where

- the power of the radio signals transmitted from the last discarded from the first mobile object 2 of the intermediate transceiver station 5; P _{b pr.min} is a certain threshold value characterizing the sensitivity of the first radio _receiving station 4 of the first mobile object 2;

- the height of the second transmitting antenna 43 of the last dropped from the first mobile object 2 of the intermediate transceiver station 5.

The range of the radio transmitting station 3 of the fixed object 1 is equal to

where R _{a izl} - the power of radio signals transmitted from a fixed object 1; P _{n pr min} | _{n = 1} is a certain threshold value characterizing the sensitivity of the first intermediate transceiver station 5 dropped from the first mobile object 2; h _n | _{n = 1} is the height of the second receiving antenna 34 of the first intermediate transceiver station 5 dropped from the first mobile object 2.

By antenna height we mean the distance to the underlying surface located under the antenna point.

The value of the height h _a location of the first transmitting antenna 23 of the radio transmitting station 3 is fixed and is determined by the design features and layout of the stationary object 1 and the radio transmitting station 3.

The height h _{b of the} location of the first receiving antenna 24 of the first radio receiving station 4 varies in the range from h _{b min} to h _{b max} . The minimum value of the height h _{b min is} achieved when the first movable object 2 is on the underlying surface, and is determined by the structural features and layout of the first movable object 2 and the first radio receiving station 4. The maximum value of the height h _{b max} does not exceed the sum of the values of h _{b min} and the maximum height flight H _{b max of the} first movable object 2.

The height h _{n the} location of the second receiving antennas 34 and the second transmitting antennas 43 dropped from the first moving object 2 of the intermediate transceiver stations 5 vary in the range of values from h _{n min} to h _{n max} . The minimum value of the height h _{b min is} reached when the nth intermediate transceiver station 5 is located on the underlying surface and is determined by the design features of this intermediate transceiver station 5. The maximum value of the height h _{n max} corresponds to the time of the reset of the nth intermediate transceiver station 5 from the first movable object 2 and does not exceed the value of h _{b max} .

Since the motion paths of the second movable objects 47 coincide with the motion path of the first mobile object 2, we assume that the minimum h _{c min} and maximum h _{c max} values of the heights of the third receiving antennas 49 of the second radio receiving stations 48 located on the second mobile objects 47 coincide with h _{b min} the minimum and maximum values of h _{b max} height location of the first receiving antenna 24 of the first radio receiving station 4, located on the first mobile object 2. in addition, assume that the second sensitivity rad opriemnyh stations 48 are equal _to P _pr.min.

Formulas (1), (6) remain valid when replacing the parameters of the first radio receiving station 4 with the parameters of the second radio receiving stations 48.

Expressions (1), (2), (5) - (7) are approximate and do not take into account the geometry of the stationary object 1, the first moving object 2, the second moving objects 47, and intermediate transceiver stations 5.

In view of the above, we assume that for all η the equalities

From the expressions (5), (6) it follows that when conditions (8) - (11) are satisfied, the minimum allowable range of operation of the intermediate transceiver stations 5 is

According to the given values of P _rad , P _av.min and h _min, taking into account formula (12), the operating ranges of the intermediate transceiver stations 5 are set equal

The range of the radio transmitting station 3 is set according to the set values of the ranges of the intermediate transceiver stations 5, for example, by the formula

In the general case, when moving along a route, the first movable object 2 and the second movable objects 47 can make stops at arbitrary time intervals.

Suppose that the first movable object 2 carries out a vertical rise to a height h _{b max} from the starting point O, where the stationary object 1 is located, and then performs a horizontal flight at a height h _{b max} with a constant speed V _b along the x axis in the direction to the side increasing x values; the maximum distance from a stationary object 1 to the first moving object 2 is d _{b max} and characterizes the length of the route of movement of the first moving object 2.

Until the time t _{b min of the} first removal of the first movable object 2 from the stationary object 1 to a distance d _{b min} from the first movable object 2, the intermediate transceiver stations 5 are not reset. Moreover, the implementation of the method consists in transmitting radio signals from a fixed object 1, receiving these radio signals at a first movable object 2.

The value of d _{b min} is determined by the given ranges R _a = R _n = R _{min of the} action of the radio transmitting station 3 and the intermediate transceiver stations 5.

In particular, the value of d _{b min} can be set equal to

where k ₁ ≥ 1 is the safety factor taking into account the approximate nature of the applied formulas.

From the time t _{b min of the} first removal of the first movable object 2 from the stationary object 1 to a distance d _{b min} from the first movable object 2, the intermediate transceiver stations 5 are reset at intervals with a range determined by the given ranges of the radio transmitting station 3 and the intermediate transceiver stations 5 .

By virtue of the assumptions made, the reset interval of the intermediate transceiver stations 5 from the first mobile object 2 can be equal to

where k ₂ ≥ 1 is the safety factor.

The reset of the first intermediate transceiver station 5 from the first movable object 2 is carried out at time t _{b min the} first removal of the first movable object 2 from the stationary object 1 at a distance d _{b min} .

The distances from the stationary object 1 to the first mobile object 2, at which the intermediate transceiver stations 5 are reset, can be measured on the first mobile object 2 using inertial or Doppler dead reckoning systems (see Aviation Radio Navigation: Reference. Edited by A.A. Sosnovsky. - M.: Transport, 1990, p.6-8).

Given the previously defined motion characteristics of the first movable object 2, the nth intermediate transceiver station 5 is reset at a time

moreover

- время вертикального подъема первого подвижного объекта 2 из начального пункта О на высоту h_max.Where

- the time of vertical lifting of the first movable object 2 from the starting point O to a height h _max .

Formula (17) is due to the fact that the distance intervals Δ d _n determine the maximum possible distances between two intermediate transceiver stations 5 dropped from the first moving object 2 at the nearest time points.

Formula (18) is due to the fact that the range d _{b min} determines the maximum possible distance from the first movable object 2 to the stationary object 1, corresponding to the time t _{b min} .

In the General case, the first movable object 2 can make movement along a complex route. In particular, it can initially move away from the stationary object 1, and then approach it, then again move away and approach, etc. In this case, the first movable object 2 can repeatedly pass through the starting point O, where the stationary object 1 is located, and, therefore, repeatedly be located at a distance less than d _{b min from it} . However, the reset of the intermediate transceiver stations 5 from the first movable object 2 is not carried out only until the time of the first removal of the first movable object 2 from the stationary object 1 at a distance d _{b min} . From this moment in time, the intermediate transceiver stations 5 are reset from the first movable object 2 at intervals with a range determined by the given ranges of the radio transmitting station 3 and the intermediate transceiver stations 5, and the intermediate transceiver stations 5 are reset if, as a result of the movement of the first movable object 2 along the route, the distance to the stationary object 1 will again become less than the value of d _{b min} .

If the wind speed is negligible, the speed V _b of the first movable object 2 is also so small that it does not cause a significant disturbance of the air masses, then the trajectory of the fall of the intermediate transceiver stations 5 can be taken vertical. Moreover, the aerodynamic properties of the structures of the intermediate transceiver stations 5 should not have any features that cause a significant deviation of the trajectories of incidence from vertical.

After falling onto the underlying surface, the intermediate transceiver stations 5 remain stationary.

The safety factor k ₂ takes into account the possible inaccuracy of the scatter of the intermediate transceiver stations 5, due to the influence of various factors.

Two characteristic cases are possible:

, выполняются оба условия (19, а), (19, б). При этом в каждый момент времени выполняется только одно из указанных условий. Кроме того, в силу необратимости времени, если наступило условие (19, б), то условие (19, а) уже не наступит. Таким образом, из изложенного следует, что способ может быть осуществлен лишь единственным образом.When the first movable object 2 moves along a route whose duration is

, both conditions (19, a), (19, b) are satisfied. Moreover, at each moment of time, only one of the indicated conditions is satisfied. In addition, due to the irreversibility of time, if condition (19, b) has occurred, then condition (19, a) will not occur. Thus, it follows from the foregoing that the method can only be implemented in a unique way.

In the first case (19, a), the intermediate transceiver stations 5 are not reset from the first mobile object 2. The implementation of the method in this case is discussed above.

Consider the implementation of the method in the case of (19, b), which corresponds to the dumping of intermediate transceiver stations 5 from the first mobile object 2.

From a stationary object 1 transmit radio signals. The radio signals transmitted from the stationary object 1 are received at the first (n = 1) intermediate transceiver station 5 dropped from the first mobile object 2 and transmit them. Radio signals transmitted from the first (n = 1) dropped from the first mobile object 2 intermediate transceiver station 5 are received to the second (n = 2) dropped from the first mobile object 2 intermediate transceiver station 5 and transmit them. In a similar manner, radio signals are received and transmitted using other intermediate transceiver stations 5 (n = 3, 4, ..., n _max ) reset at a later time from the first mobile object in the direction of transmission of radio signals from the reset intermediate transceiver stations 5 to more early times t _n to reset to later times tν, where ν> n. At the first mobile object 2, radio signals received from the last (n = n _max ) dropped from the first mobile object 2 intermediate transceiver station 5 are received.

Each intermediate transceiver station 5 begins to function at the time of discharge and continues to function before and after contact with the underlying surface.

With a decrease in intermediate transceiver stations 5, their range and range of the radio transmitting station 3 are reduced, but, in accordance with formulas (5) - (14), do not become less than the value of R _min .

Some time after the start of motion of the first movable object 2, the second movable objects 47 begin to move. Their motion paths coincide with the motion path of the first movable object 2. Moreover, the second movable objects 47 follow the first movable object 2 without overtaking it.

At the second movable objects 47, following the general route of movement behind the first movable object 2, radio signals transmitted from the fixed object 1 and from the intermediate transceiver stations 5 dropped from the first mobile object 2 are received.

Moreover, if no intermediate transceiver station 5 has been dropped from the first mobile object 2 (case 19, a), and the second mobile objects 47 have already started moving along the route, then the second mobile objects 47 receive radio signals transmitted from the fixed object 1 (this feature is inherent in the prototype, in connection with which it is included in the General part of the claimed claims). If from the first mobile object 2 the intermediate transceiver stations 5 are already reset (case 19, b) and the second mobile objects 47 have already started moving along the route, then at the second mobile objects 47, depending on their location on the movement route, they receive radio signals, transmitted from the fixed object 1 and from the intermediate transceiver stations 5 dropped from the first mobile object 2.

When the first movable object 2, the second movable objects 47 and the resettable intermediate transceiver stations 5 move, the Doppler effect occurs, the negative effect of which on the radio quality can be eliminated by rational selection of the frequency characteristics of the signals and devices of the radio transmitting station 3, the first radio receiving station 4, and the second radio receiving stations 48 and intermediate transceiver stations 5.

When implementing the method in rough terrain, to determine the discharge points of the intermediate transceiver stations 5, it is necessary to take into account information about the field of elevation of the terrain. To do this, at the first movable object 2, you can use the overview and comparative radio navigation systems (see. Aviation radio navigation: Handbook. Edited by A.A. Sosnovsky. - M .: Transport, 1990, pp. 8-9).

The underlying surface may be a water surface. In this case, when implementing the method, it is necessary to ensure the retention of intermediate transceiver stations 5 on the water surface after a fall. In addition, when setting the operating ranges of the radio transmitting station 3 and intermediate transceiver stations 5, one should take into account the waves of the water surface and possible currents.

By the term “operating frequency” we mean the value of the frequency of the carrier wave, the central or some other characteristic value of the frequency of the frequency band of radio signals. At the same time, the frequency bands of the radio signals corresponding to different operating frequencies do not overlap.

For an arbitrary route of movement of the first movable object 2 and the second movable objects 47, the specified operating frequencies of the radio signals transmitted at the same time from the stationary object 1 and from each of the intermediate transceiver stations 5 reset from the first mobile object 2 should be different:

радиосигналов, принимаемых на n-й сброшенной с первого подвижного объекта 2 промежуточной приемопередающей станции 5, кроме первой (n=1) сброшенной с первого подвижного объекта 2 промежуточной приемопередающей станции 5, является заданная рабочая частота f_n-1 радиосигналов, передаваемых с (n-1)-й промежуточной приемопередающей станции 5, сброшенной с первого подвижного объекта 2 в ближайший к моменту времени t_n сброса данной (n-й) промежуточной приемопередающей станции 5 более ранний момент времени t_n-1:When transmitting radio signals from a fixed object 1 to the first moving object 2 and to the second moving objects 47 of a given operating frequency

of the radio signals received at the nth dropped from the first mobile object 2 of the intermediate transceiver station 5, in addition to the first (n = 1) dropped from the first mobile object 2 of the intermediate transceiver station 5, is the specified operating frequency f _{n-1 of the} radio signals transmitted from (n -1) -th intermediate transceiver station 5, discarded from the first mobile object 2 at the closest to the time t _n reset this (n-th) intermediate transceiver station 5 earlier time t _n-1 :

радиосигналов, принимаемых на первой (n=1) сброшенной с первого подвижного объекта 2 промежуточной приемопередающей станции 5, является заданная рабочая частота f_a радиосигналов, передаваемых с неподвижного объекта 1:Preset operating frequency

the radio signals received at the first (n = 1) dropped from the first mobile object 2 of the intermediate transceiver station 5, is the specified operating frequency f _{a of the} radio signals transmitted from the fixed object 1:

радиосигналов, принимаемых на первом подвижном объекте 2, является заданная рабочая частота

радиосигналов, передаваемых с последней (n=n_max) сброшенной с первого подвижного объекта 2 промежуточной приемопередающей станции 5, если с первого подвижного объекта 2 сброшена хотя бы одна промежуточная приемопередающая станция 5, или, в противном случае, заданная рабочая частота f_a радиосигналов, передаваемых с неподвижного объекта 1 (данный признак присущ прототипу, в связи с чем он включен в общую часть заявленной формулы изобретения):Preset operating frequency

of the radio signals received at the first movable object 2 is a predetermined operating frequency

radio signals transmitted from the last (n = n _max ) reset from the first mobile object 2 of the intermediate transceiver station 5, if at least one intermediate transceiver station 5 is dropped from the first mobile object 2, or, otherwise, the specified operating frequency f _{a of the} radio signals, transmitted from a fixed object 1 (this feature is inherent in the prototype, in connection with which it is included in the general part of the claimed claims):

The preset operating frequencies of the radio signals received at the second movable objects 47, following the common route of movement behind the first movable object 2, are the preset operating frequencies of the radio signals transmitted from the fixed object 1 and from the intermediate transceiver stations 5 dropped from the first movable object 2.

In this case, the power of the radio signals received at the second mobile objects 47 depends on the location of the second mobile objects 47 on the route of movement.

It follows from the foregoing that the operating frequencies of radio signals transmitted from a fixed object 1, radio signals received at intermediate transceiver stations 5 and transmitted from them, and radio signals received at second movable objects 47 can be fixed.

радиосигналов, принимаемых на первом подвижном объекте 2, должна совпадать с заданной рабочей частотой

радиосигналов, передаваемых с данной (n=n_max) промежуточной приемопередающей станции 5.However, when resetting from the first movable object 2 the next (n = n _max ) intermediate transceiver station 5, the specified operating frequency

the radio signals received at the first movable object 2 must match the specified operating frequency

radio signals transmitted from this (n = n _max ) intermediate transceiver station 5.

радиосигналов, принимаемых на первом подвижном объекте 2, должна совпадать с заданной рабочей частотой f_a радиосигналов, передаваемых с неподвижного объекта 1.In addition, for radio communication between the fixed object 1 and the first movable object 2 in the situation (19, a), in which no intermediate transceiver station 5 has yet been reset, the specified operating frequency

the radio signals received at the first movable object 2 must match the specified operating frequency f _{a of the} radio signals transmitted from the fixed object 1.

All elements and blocks that make up the system shown in figures 1-7 are known and described in the literature.

As a speed meter 11 on the first movable object 2, which is, in particular, a low-flying aircraft, a Doppler speed and drift angle meter or an inertial speed meter can be used (see Aviation radio navigation: Handbook. Edited by A.A.Sosnovsky. - M .: Transport, 1990, p.6-8).

As block 8 of the task can be used any well-known and described in the literature digital input devices (see, for example, Shevkoplyas BV Microprocessor structures. Engineering solutions. - M .: Radio and communications, 1993, p. 27) .

As the control unit 6, microprocessor systems with analog and digital inputs and outputs can be used, which include a clock generator, memory devices, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters and other devices (see, for example, P. Horowitz, W. Hill. The art of circuitry. - M .: Mir, 1993, p. 294-295), not shown in figure 2.

As each of the meters 57 power can be used in series connected block squaring and integrator (see, for example, J. Bendat, A. Pirsol. Applied analysis of random data. - M .: Mir, 1983, p.143).

The reset unit 9 is designed to reset intermediate transceiver stations 5 with a predetermined interval in range.

As the conveyor 11, a belt conveyor with a horizontally closed track was used (see, for example, Conveyors. Handbook. Under the general editorship of Yu.A. Perten. - L .: Mashinostroenie, 1984, pp. 4-9).

The conveyor 11 is designed to move the intermediate transceiver stations 5 located in the supporting elements 13, in the direction of the hole 18.

The electric drive 10 is designed to drive the belt 12 of the conveyor 11 at a speed corresponding to the signals generated by the control unit 6.

The electric drive 10 is automated. Control systems of automated electric drives provide a given angular speed of rotation of the motor shaft in accordance with external control signals, which, depending on the type of motor and control system, can be analog and digital (see, for example, Polytechnical Dictionary. Editorial: A.Yu. Ishlinsky ( Ch. ed.) and others - 3rd ed., revised and revised - M .: P50 “Big Russian Encyclopedia”, 1998, p.13). The designs of electric drives are known (see, for example, Conveyors. Handbook. Under the general editorship of Yu.A. Pertin. - L .: Mashinostroenie, 1984, p. 87-91).

The power of the signals generated by the control unit 6 is sufficient to control the operation of the electric drive 10.

The design of the reset unit 9 provides unhindered movement of the intermediate transceiver stations 5 to the hole 18 when they are reset.

The dimensions of the hole 18 exceed the overall dimensions of each intermediate transceiver station 5 together with the parachute 15 attached to it.

The number of bearing elements 13 in their initial upper position is equal to N the number of intermediate transceiver stations 5 located on the first moving object 2.

The upper position of the supporting elements 13 corresponds to their position above the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the conveyor 11.

In the general case, in the reset unit 9, known loading devices can be used to load intermediate transceiver stations 5 into them (see, for example, Conveyors. Handbook. Under the general editorship of Yu.A. Perten. - L .: Mashinostroenie, 1984, p. 97-100).

Bearing elements 13 are fixed along the conveyor 11 with an interval equal to Δ l _n .

The magnets 16 fixed in the supporting elements 13 are plates of hard magnetic materials.

Intermediate transceiver stations 5 are placed in the supporting elements 13 in the immediate vicinity of the magnets 16, the magnetic field of which provides contact closure of the reed switches 45, however, it is negligible in its effect on the movement of the intermediate transceiver stations 5 when they are reset.

The first transmit antenna 23, the first receive antenna 24, the second receive antenna 34, and the second transmit antenna 43 are omnidirectional.

The design of the intermediate transceiver stations 5 is developed taking into account the shock loads encountered in a collision with the underlying surface (see, for example, VB Karpushin. Vibrations and shocks in radio equipment. - M .: Soviet radio, 1971, p. 155-216) . In this regard, the second receiving antennas 34 and the second transmitting antennas 43 of the intermediate transceiver stations 5 can be placed inside high-impact radio-transparent housings made, for example, of fluoroplastic.

Parachutes 15 are used to reduce the speed of fall of the intermediate transceiver stations 5, and therefore, to reduce shock loads that occur when they collide with the underlying surface.

Laying parachutes 15 in the supporting elements 13 eliminates the tangling of the slings 14 when resetting the intermediate transceiver stations 5.

The physical and geometric characteristics of parachutes 15 (permeability, elasticity of the dome fabric, shape and area of the dome, the presence and shape of cutouts, etc.) are determined based on the mass of the intermediate transceiver stations 5 and the required dynamics of the parachutes 15 (see, for example, Yu.A. Shevlyakov , V.N. Tishchenko, V.A.Temnenko Dynamics of parachute systems. - Kiev; Odessa: “Vishcha school.” Head publishing house, 1985). The design and characteristics of the parachutes 15 suggest their automatic disclosure when resetting the intermediate transceiver stations 5.

The source of 19 messages can be a device for serial output of digital signals, and the first recipient of 31 messages and the second recipient of 62 messages can be a device for serial input of digital signals (see, for example, Digital and analog integrated circuits. Reference. Edited by S.V. Yakubovsky. - M .: Radio and communications, 1990, p. 151).

The voltage of the radio transmitting station 3 is generated by the power supply system of the fixed object 1, not shown in Fig.1-7.

The supply voltage of the first radio receiving station 4, task unit 8, speed meter 7, control unit 6 and electric drive 10 is generated by the on-board power supply system of the first movable object 2, not shown in FIGS. 1-7.

The supply voltage of each second radio receiving station 48 is generated by the on-board power supply system of the corresponding second movable object 47, not shown in FIGS. 1-7.

Each of the batteries 46 is designed to generate a supply voltage of the corresponding intermediate transceiver station 5. The capacity of the battery 46 is set based on the power consumption of the corresponding intermediate transceiver station 5 and the duration of the system.

The transmission frequencies of the radio transmitting station 3 and the intermediate transceiver stations 5 are the specified operating frequencies of the radio signals transmitted respectively from the radio transmitting station 3 and from the intermediate transceiver stations 5.

The reception frequencies of the first radio receiving station 4, second radio receiving stations 48 and intermediate transceiving stations 5 are the specified operating frequencies of the radio signals received respectively at the radio receiving station 4, at the second radio receiving stations 48 and at the intermediate transceiving stations 5.

The terms “transmission frequency” and “reception frequency” of a device are generally accepted (see, for example, Gromakov Yu.A. Standards and mobile radio communication systems. - M .: Eko-Trends, 2000, p.22).

The term “controlled generator” is generally accepted (see, for example, Theoretical Foundations of Radar. Edited by V.E.Dulevich. - M .: Soviet Radio, 1978, p. 358). The frequency of oscillations generated by the controlled generator is determined by the voltage acting on its control input. In this case, the controlled generator is a voltage controlled generator. Voltage-controlled generators are known and described in the literature devices (see, for example, Horowitz P., Hill. W. The Art of Circuit Engineering. In 3 volumes: T.1. Transl. From English - 4th ed. revised and additional - M .: Mir, 1993, p. 308).

Consider the implementation of the method using the system shown in Fig.1-7.

The first movable object 2 and the second movable objects 47 are located at the starting point O of the general route. At the starting point O of the general route of movement of the first movable object 2 and the second movable objects 47, there is a stationary object 1.

The conveyor 11 is brought to its initial state in which the carrier 13 closest to the hole 18 must pass a path equal to l _bmin to the point at which the corresponding intermediate transceiver station 5 is _torn off from this carrier 13 and begins to fall.

In this case, the relation

The amplification factors of the first low-noise amplifier 26, the second low-noise amplifiers 36, and the third low-noise amplifiers 51 are set so that the sensitivities of the first radio receiving station 4, intermediate transceiving stations 5, and second radio receiving stations 48 are equal to _Pmin .

The gain factors of the first power amplifier 22 and the second power amplifiers 42 are set so that the power of the radio signals transmitted from the fixed object 1 and from the intermediate transceiver stations 5 is equal to P _rad .

Then, taking into account expressions (7) - (14), the range of the radio transmitting station 3 and the intermediate transceiver stations 5 are equal to R _min .

Let us assume that the transmission frequency of the nth intermediate transceiver station 5 is

where Δ f is the frequency offset.

In block 8 of the job enter the values of the ranges R _min action intermediate transceiver stations 5.

The control unit 6 reads the code from the outputs of the task unit 8, containing information on the preset values of the ranges R _{min of} action, and determines the values of d _{b min} and Δ d _n using formulas (15), (16).

, причем в соответствии с формулой (23):The control unit 6 generates control signals, according to which the frequency of oscillations generated by the controlled generator 28 takes on a value

, and in accordance with the formula (23):

- частота приема промежуточной приемопередающей станции 5, размещенной в несущем элементе 13, находящемся на ближайшем расстоянии от отверстия 18 (с началом сброса эта промежуточная приемопередающая станция 5 окажется первой сброшенной с первого подвижного объекта 2).where f _bп - intermediate frequency of the first radio _receiving station 4;

- the receiving frequency of the intermediate transceiver station 5, located in the carrier 13 located at the closest distance from the hole 18 (with the beginning of the reset, this intermediate transceiver station 5 will be the first reset from the first movable object 2).

The contacts of the reed switch 45 of each of the intermediate transceiver stations 5 located in the supporting elements 13 are closed as a result of the magnetic field of the corresponding magnet 16. The voltage of the battery 46 is applied to the terminals of the coil of the electromagnetic relay 44. The contacts of the electromagnetic relay 44 are open. The transceiver unit 32 is de-energized. The intermediate transceiver station 5 is not functioning.

At time t $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{0}}{\text{b}}$ the first movable object 2 begins to carry out a vertical rise to a height h _{b max} from a common starting point O, and then performs a horizontal flight at a height h _{b max} with a constant speed V _b along the x axis in the direction of increasing x values.

In this case, the control unit 6 continuously reads from the outputs of the speed meter 7 information about the speed of the first movable object 2 and, using formulas (17), (18), determines the reset times of the intermediate transceiver stations 5.

We assume that the acceleration time of the first movable object 2 to a speed of V _b with the onset of horizontal movement is negligible. If the acceleration time cannot be neglected, then the moment t _{b min of the} reset of the first intermediate transceiver station 5 is determined from the solution of the equation

завершения подъема первого подвижного объекта 2 на высоту h_{b max} блок 6 управления формирует управляющий сигнал, по которому электропривод 10 приводит ленту 12 конвейера 11 в движение со скоростьюAt time

the completion of the lifting of the first movable object 2 to a height h _{b max,} the control unit 6 generates a control signal by which the electric drive 10 drives the belt 12 of the conveyor 11 at a speed

The movement of the tape 12 over the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the conveyor 11 occurs in the direction of the hole 18 (figure 2).

The time during which the speed of the tape 12 reaches the value of U _b is negligible.

Until the time t _{b min of the} first removal of the first movable object 2 from the stationary object 1 to a distance d _{b min} from the first movable object 2, the intermediate transceiver stations 5 are not reset (case 19, a).

In this case, the transmission of radio signals from a fixed object 1 to the first movable object 2 is as follows.

The binary sequence of pulses from the output of the message source 19 of the radio transmitting station 3, located on a fixed object 1, is fed to the first input of the first frequency converter 20. The second input receives frequency fluctuations f _a generated by the first local oscillator 21. The frequency f _{a is} set by the formula (26). The amplitude-manipulated signal from the output of the first frequency converter 20 is fed to the input of the first power amplifier 22, the output signal of which is fed to the input of the first transmitting antenna 23. The first transmitting antenna 23 transmits _a corresponding radio signal at a given operating frequency f _a . The first receiving antenna 24 of the first radio receiving station 4, located on the first movable object 2, receives the radio signal transmitted by the radio transmitting station 3. The signal from the output of the first receiving antenna 24 is fed to the input of the first band-pass filter 25, providing selectivity for the mirror channel (see, for example, Radio receivers. Edited by V. I. Siforov. - M .: Soviet Radio, 1974, p. 235). The signal from the output of the first band-pass filter 25 is fed to the input of the first low-noise amplifier 26, the signal from the output of which is fed to the first input of the second frequency converter 27. The second input receives frequency fluctuations f ' _b + f _{b p} generated by the controlled generator 28. The frequency f' _{b of the} received radio signals is set by the formula (26). The intermediate frequency signal f _bp from the output of the second frequency converter 27 is fed to the input of the first intermediate frequency amplifier 29, the output signal of which is fed to the input of the first demodulator 30. The binary sequence of pulses corresponding to the transmitted message comes from the output of the first demodulator 30 to the input of the first receiver 31 messages.

Some time after the start of movement along the route of the first movable object 2 from the starting point O, the second movable objects 47 begin to move, the movement routes of which coincide with the movement route of the first movable object 2.

The second movable objects 47 can move along the route in an arbitrary order, for example, overtaking each other, but they should not overtake the first moving object 2.

The maximum number of second movable objects 47 is limited and is associated with the maximum duration of the reset intermediate transceiver stations 5.

If no intermediate transceiver station 5 has yet been dropped from the first mobile object 2 (case 19, a), then the transmission of radio signals from the stationary object 1 to the second mobile objects 47 is as follows.

. Полосы пропускания четвертых полосовых фильтров 56 не перекрываются. Сигналы с выходов четвертых полосовых фильтров 56 поступают на соответствующие коммутируемые входы аналогового коммутатора 59 и на входы соответствующих измерителей 57 мощности. В каждом канале 55 обработки сигнал с выхода измерителя 57 мощности поступает на вход аналого-цифрового преобразователя 58, который вырабатывает двоичный код, соответствующий значению мощности радиосигнала, принимаемого на соответствующей заданной рабочей частоте. Микроконтроллер 60 считывает двоичные коды с выходов всех аналого-цифровых преобразователей 58 и определяет по ним заданную рабочую частоту принимаемого радиосигнала максимальной мощности. (В данном случае заданной рабочей частотой принимаемого радиосигнала максимальной мощности является заданная рабочая частота f_a радиосигнала, передаваемого с неподвижного объекта 1.) Затем микроконтроллер 60 формирует на управляющих входах аналогового коммутатора 59 управляющие сигналы, по которым аналоговый коммутатор 59 подключает выход четвертого полосового фильтра 56, соответствующего заданной рабочей частоте принимаемого радиосигнала максимальной мощности, к входу второго демодулятора 61. Двоичная последовательность импульсов, соответствующая передаваемому сообщению, поступает с выхода второго демодулятора 61 на вход второго получателя 62 сообщений.The third receiving antenna 49 of the second radio receiving station 48, located on each of the second movable objects 47, receives the radio signal transmitted by the radio transmitting station 3. The signal from the output of the third receiving antenna 49 is fed to the input of the third band-pass filter 50, providing selectivity for the mirror channel (see, for example, Radio receivers. Edited by V.I.Siforov. - M .: Soviet Radio, 1974, p.235). The signal from the output of the third band-pass filter 50 is fed to the input of the third low-noise amplifier 51, the signal from which is fed to the first input of the fifth frequency converter 52. At its second input, frequency oscillations f _a + f _cn are generated by the fourth local oscillator 53. The intermediate frequency signal f _cp from the output of the fifth frequency converter 52 is fed to the input of the third intermediate frequency amplifier 54, the output signal of which goes to the inputs of all fourth band-pass filters 56 Based on the formula (25), the tuning frequency of the fourth bandpass filter 56 of the n-th processing channel 55 is

. The passbands of the fourth bandpass filters 56 do not overlap. The signals from the outputs of the fourth bandpass filters 56 are fed to the corresponding switched inputs of the analog switch 59 and to the inputs of the corresponding power meters 57. In each channel 55 of the processing signal from the output of the meter 57 power is supplied to the input of an analog-to-digital Converter 58, which generates a binary code corresponding to the value of the power of the radio signal received at the corresponding given operating frequency. The microcontroller 60 reads the binary codes from the outputs of all the analog-to-digital converters 58 and determines from them the specified operating frequency of the received radio signal of maximum power. (In this case, the specified operating frequency of the received maximum power radio signal is the specified operating frequency f _{a of the} radio signal transmitted from the fixed object 1.) Then, the microcontroller 60 generates control signals at the control inputs of the analog switch 59, by which the analog switch 59 connects the output of the fourth band-pass filter 56 corresponding to a given operating frequency of the received radio signal of maximum power, to the input of the second demodulator 61. The binary sequence of pulses, with tvetstvuyuschaya transmitted message, the output from the second demodulator 61 to the input of the second recipient 62 Messaging.

The intermediate frequencies of the first radio receiving station 4, second radio receiving stations 48 and intermediate transceiving stations 5 are set taking into account known limitations (see, for example, Radio receiving devices. Edited by V. I. Siforov. - M.: Soviet Radio, 1974, p. .240).

At time t _b = t _{b min} as a result of the movement of the belt 12 of the conveyor 11, the carrier 13 closest to the hole 18 occupies a position at which the corresponding intermediate transceiver station 5 is torn off from this carrier 13 and its falling begins. This is the reset of the first intermediate transceiver station 5 from the first movable object 2. (Prior to the reset from the first mobile object 2 of the next intermediate transceiver station 5, this intermediate transceiver station 5 is simultaneously the last intermediate transceiver station 5 dropped from the first mobile object 2).

In this case, the contacts of the reed switch 45 of this intermediate transceiver station 5 are opened. The contacts of the electromagnetic relay 44 take a normally closed state. The transceiver unit 32 receives the supply voltage. The intermediate transceiver station 5 is turned on.

At the same time, the control unit 6 generates a control signal, according to which the frequency of oscillations generated by the controlled oscillator 28 takes the value f ' _b + f _bп , and in accordance with formula (23):

After a certain period of time, determined, in particular, by the mass of the intermediate transceiver station 5 and the aerodynamic characteristics of its structure, a parachute 15 is opened, attached to this intermediate transceiver station 5 by slings 14, which causes a decrease in the rate of its fall.

The transmission of radio signals from a fixed object 1 to the first movable object 2 is as follows.

The radio transmitting station 3 transmits at a given operating frequency f _{a a} radio signal. In this case, the operation of the blocks of the radio transmitting station 3 proceeds as described above.

The second receiving antenna 34 of the first (simultaneously being the last) discarded from the first movable object 2 of the intermediate transceiver station 5 receives the radio signal transmitted by the radio transmitting station 3. The signal from the output of the second receiving antenna 34 is fed to the input of the second band-pass filter 35, providing selectivity for the mirror channel. The signal from the output of the second band-pass filter 35 is fed to the input of the second low-noise amplifier 36, the signal from the output of which is fed to the first input of the third frequency converter 37. Frequency fluctuations (f ' _n + f _nп ) | _{n = 1} generated by the second local oscillator 38 (down conversion). The intermediate frequency signal f _np from the output of the third frequency converter 37 is fed to the input of the second intermediate frequency amplifier 39, the output signal of which is fed to the first input of the fourth frequency converter 40. At its second input, frequency oscillations (f _n -f _nп ) | _{n = 1} generated by the third local oscillator 41 (up conversion). The amplitude-manipulated signal from the output of the fourth frequency converter 40 is fed to the input of the second power amplifier 42, the output signal of which is fed to the input of the second transmitting antenna 43. The second transmitting antenna 43 transmits at a given operating frequency f _n | _{n = 1} corresponding radio signal.

The first radio receiving station 4 receives the radio signal transmitted from the last (simultaneously being the first) intermediate transceiver station 5 dropped from the first mobile object 2. In this case, the operation of the blocks of the first radio receiving station 4 proceeds as described above, and the value of the oscillation frequency generated by the controlled generator 28 is f ' _b + f _bp ; the value of the operating frequency f ' _{b of the} radio signals received at the first movable object 2 is set by the formula (29).

From the time t _{b min of the} first removal of the first movable object 2 from the stationary object 1 to a distance d _{b min} as a result of uniform movement of the belt 12 of the conveyor 11 at a speed U _b from the first movable object 2, the intermediate transceiver stations 5 are reset with an interval of distance equal to , as follows from formula (28), Δ d _n .

At the same time, at the reset time t _{n of the} next nth intermediate transceiver station 5, the control unit 6 generates a control signal, according to which the frequency f ' _b + f _{bп of the} oscillations generated by the controlled generator 28 takes on a value in accordance with formula (23).

After a certain time interval, determined, in particular, by the mass of the nth intermediate transceiver station 5 and the aerodynamic characteristics of its structure, a parachute 15 is opened, attached to this intermediate transceiver station by 5 lines 14, which causes a decrease in its fall rate.

The inclusion of the reset intermediate transceiver stations 5 as a result of opening the contacts of the reed switches 45 is similar to that described above.

Consider the transmission of radio signals from a fixed object 1 to the first mobile object 2 in the case when n _max (2 <n _max ≤ N) intermediate transceiver stations 5 are dropped from the first mobile object 2.

The radio transmitting station 3 transmits at a given operating frequency f _{a a} radio signal. In this case, the operation of the blocks of the radio transmitting station 3 proceeds as described above.

The first intermediate transceiver station 5 dropped from the first movable object 2 receives the radio signal transmitted from the fixed object 1 and transmits it. In this case, the operation of the blocks of this intermediate transceiver station 5 proceeds as described above, and the frequency of oscillations generated by the second local oscillator 38 is equal to (f ' _n + f _nп ) | _{n is 1} ; the frequency of oscillations generated by the third local oscillator 41 is equal to (f _n -f _nп ) | _{n is 1} ; the specified operating frequencies of the radio signals received at this intermediate transceiver station 5 and transmitted from it are respectively f ' _n | _{n = 1} = f _a and f _n | _{n = 1} .

The second intermediate transceiver station 5 discarded from the first mobile object 2 receives the radio signal transmitted from the first intermediate transceiver station 5 discarded from the first mobile object 2 and transmits it. In this case, the operation of the blocks of this intermediate transceiver station 5 proceeds as described above, and the frequency of oscillations generated by the second local oscillator 38 is equal to (f ' _n + f _nп ) | _{n is 2} ; the frequency of oscillations generated by the third local oscillator 41 is equal to (f _n -f _nп ) | _{n is 2} ; the specified operating frequencies of the radio signals received at this intermediate transceiver station 5 and transmitted from it are respectively equal to f ' _n | _{n = 2} = f _n | _{n = 1} and f _n | _{n = 2} .

In a similar manner, radio signals are received and transmitted using other intermediate transceiver stations 5 (n = 3, 4, ..., n _max ) reset at a later time from the first mobile object in the direction of transmission of radio signals from the reset intermediate transceiver stations 5 to more early times t _n to reset to later times tν, where ν> n. Moreover, the frequency of oscillations generated by the second local oscillator 38 of the nth intermediate transceiver station 5 is f ' _n + f _nп ; the frequency of oscillations generated by the third local oscillator 41 is equal to f _n -f _nп ; the preset operating frequencies of the radio signals received at this intermediate transceiver station 5 and transmitted from it are respectively f ' _n = f _n-1 and f _n .

The first radio receiving station 4 receives the radio signal transmitted from the intermediate transceiver station 5 that was last reset from the first mobile object 2. In this case, the operation of the blocks of the first radio receiving station 4 proceeds as described above, and the value of the oscillation frequency generated by the controlled generator 28 is f ' _b + f _bp ; the value of the operating frequency of the radio signals received at the first movable object 2 is equal to

If at least one intermediate transceiver station 5 has been dropped from the first mobile object 2 (case 19, b), then the transmission of radio signals from the stationary object 1 to the second mobile objects 47 is as follows.

The third receiving antenna 49 of the second radio receiving station 48 located on each of the second movable objects 47 receives radio signals transmitted by the radio transmitting station 3 and the intermediate transmitting and receiving stations discarded from the first mobile object 2 5. The signal from the output of the third receiving antenna 49 goes to the input of the third band-pass filter 50. The signal from the output of the third band-pass filter 50 goes to the input of the third low-noise amplifier 51, the signal from the output of which goes to the first input of the fifth frequency converter 52. At its second input, frequency oscillations f _a + f _cn are generated by the fourth local oscillator 53. The intermediate frequency signal f _cp from the output of the fifth frequency converter 52 is fed to the input of the third intermediate frequency amplifier 54, the output signal of which goes to the inputs of all fourth band-pass filters 56 The signals from the outputs of the fourth bandpass filters 56 are fed to the corresponding switched inputs of the analog switch 59 and to the inputs of the respective power meters 57. In each channel 55 of the processing signal from the output of the meter 57 power is supplied to the input of an analog-to-digital Converter 58, which generates a binary code corresponding to the value of the power of the radio signal received at the corresponding given operating frequency. The microcontroller 60 reads the binary codes from the outputs of all the analog-to-digital converters 58 and determines from them the specified operating frequency of the received radio signal of maximum power. Then, the microcontroller 60 generates control signals at the control inputs of the analog switch 59, through which the analog switch 59 connects the output of the fourth band-pass filter 56, corresponding to the given operating frequency of the received maximum power radio signal, to the input of the second demodulator 61. The binary sequence of pulses corresponding to the transmitted message comes from the output of the second demodulator 61 to the input of the second recipient 62 messages.

The operating range of the radio transmitting station 3 and the intermediate transceiver stations 5 can theoretically have very small setpoints. In this regard, even at large distances between the stationary object 1 and the first moving object 2, the volume of the geometric space occupied by the radio communication system may be insignificant.

As an example, below are the parameter values that satisfy the formulas used in the description.

N = 10;

δ ≤ 0.1 m; k ₁ = k ₂ = 1;

R _min = 250 m; h _min = 0.1 m; h _max = 200 m; P _{pr min.} = 10 ^-13 W; P _rad = 4 W;

d _{b min} = Δ d _n = R _min = 250m;

l _{b min} = Δ l _n = 0.25 m;

V _b = 2 m / s; U _b = 0.0034 m / s;

type of modulation - amplitude manipulation;

information transfer rate 512 bit / s;

f _a = 100.2 MHz;

f _bp = f _sp = f _np = 10.0 MHz for all n;

the values of the receiving frequencies f ' _b of the first radio receiving station 4 when resetting the next n _max intermediate transceiving stations 5 from the first mobile unit 2, as well as the frequencies f _n and f' _{n of} transmitting and receiving the intermediate transceiving stations 5 are summarized in table.

Thus, the implementation of radio communications between mobile objects and a stationary object located at the starting point of the general route of movement of moving objects using low-power intermediate transceiver stations equipped with non-directional antennas that are dumped from the first mobile object allows to improve the overall dimensions of the transceiver stations of fixed and mobile objects, increase noise immunity of various electronic devices located on fixed and mobile objects, to increase the electromagnetic safety of people on fixed and moving objects, to reduce the amount of geometric space occupied by this radio communication system, and therefore, to increase the efficiency of the method in the conditions of simultaneous operation of several radio communication systems.

Table Intermediate Transceiver Station 5 The first radio station 4 n Receive Frequency f ' _n MHz Transmission Frequency f _n , MHz Receive frequency f ' _b , MHz at b _max = n - - - 100,2 1 100,2 102,2 102,2 2 102,2 102,4 102,4 3 102,4 102.6 102.6 4 102.6 102.8 102.8 5 102.8 103.0 103.0 6 103.0 103,2 103,2 7 103,2 103,4 103,4 8 103,4 103.6 103.6 nine 103.6 103.8 103.8 10 103.8 104.0 104.0

Claims (2)

1. The method of radio communication between moving objects and a fixed object located at the starting point of the general route of movement of moving objects, which consists in transmitting radio signals from a fixed object at a given operating frequency, receiving radio signals at moving working frequencies, characterized in that from the time of the first removal of the first movable object from the stationary object to a distance determined by the given ranges of the radio transmitting station located at The main object, and intermediate transceiver stations, from the first mobile object, reset the intermediate transceiver stations, while transmitting radio signals from a fixed object to mobile objects is that they receive radio signals transmitted from a fixed object at the first intermediate transceiver station dropped from the first mobile object and transmit them, receive the radio signals transmitted from the first dropped from the first mobile object of the intermediate transceiver station to the second and transmitting them from the first mobile unit of the intermediate transceiver station, similarly transmit and receive radio signals using other intermediate transceiver stations reset at a later time from the first moving object in the direction of transmission of radio signals from the reset intermediate transceiver stations at earlier times to the reset at later times, the radio signals received at the first movable object are radio signals transmitted from of the last intermediate transceiver station dropped from the first mobile object, at other mobile objects following the general movement route behind the first mobile object, radio signals transmitted from the intermediate transceiver stations dropped from the first mobile object are also received. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when transmitting radio signals from a fixed object to moving objects with a given operating frequency of the radio signals received at each intermediate transceiver station discarded from the first mobile object, in addition to the first intermediate transceiver station reset from the first mobile object the specified operating frequency of the radio signals transmitted from the intermediate transceiver station, discarded from the first movable object at the nearest an intermediate transceiver station an earlier point in time specified by the working frequency of the radio signals received at the first intermediate transceiver station discarded from the first mobile object is the specified working frequency of the radio signals transmitted from a fixed object, the given working frequency of the radio signals received at the first mobile object is the specified working the frequency of the radio signals transmitted from the last dropped from the first mobile object of the intermediate transceiver station.

Images