KR100967143B1 - Fertilizer for promoting plant growth and improving fertilization of soil and thereof method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a plant growth promotion and soil improvement fertilizer and a method for manufacturing the same, in detail, fermented crab shell or squid bone powder as a microorganism to improve soil, prevent pests, seed germination rate The present invention relates to a new plant growth promotion and soil improvement fertilizer and a method for producing the same that exhibit excellent performance, such as promoting and supplying crop nutrition.

Fertilizer of the present invention is mixed with purified water, glucose, and Streptomyces spp. Microorganisms and the like in a powder crushed and crushed after drying the shell of the crustacean while stirring and dispersing at least 15 days under an air supply at 15-30 ℃ It is prepared by fermentation.

Description

      Fertilizer for promoting plant growth and improving fertilization of soil and description method

The present invention relates to a plant growth promoting and soil improvement fertilizer and a method for manufacturing the same, and in detail, fermented crab shell or squid bone powder into microorganisms, preferably Streptomyces sp. The present invention relates to a new plant growth and soil improvement fertilizer and a method for producing the same, showing excellent performances such as improved soil improvement, disease prevention, seed germination rate, and crop nutrition.

In general, due to the industrial wastewater, heavy metal pollution and excessive input of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the soil gradually loses its buffering capacity, the deterioration of farmland is accelerated, the crop cultivation ability is greatly reduced, and the resistance to pests is weakened. Microorganisms beneficial to plants are gradually losing their activity.
In addition, nitrates are excessively accumulated in the soil, and phosphoric acid and potassium are accumulated in the soil. Therefore, in order to preserve the soil environment and cultivate high-quality agricultural products, it is urgent to restore the vitality of the soil by fertilization.
In order to improve this point, conventionally, nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium have been mixed with trace elements, amino acids, vitamins, etc., but if fertilizer is continuously fertilized, the growth of crops and the environment are impaired due to salt impairment due to over-accumulation of soil. There were many problems such as pollution and increased production cost burden.
For example, in Korean Patent Publication No. 97-384, a combination of chitin and chitosan-based fertilizers, in which chemical fertilizers of water-soluble ammonium and potassium formate and trace metals and weak acid for preventing precipitation of crystals are added to chitin and chitosan which can be collected from nature. Although it has been disclosed, the improvement of soil, the activation of microorganisms are reduced, and the environment-friendly crop cultivation is insufficient.
Recently, scientific research has been conducted to make functional materials that can be used by separating and extracting from the crab shells or cuttlefish bones that have been discarded without any special use. Especially, in the study of fertilizers, composite fertilizers using chitin and chitosan were applied. It was not very satisfactory to perform
Chitin and chitosan extracted from crab shell or squid bone through chemical pretreatment are not only harmful to human body, but also have a great effect on crop growth. It exhibits the medicinal effect of resolving various deficiencies, and prevents the weakening of crops caused by the paralysis of the effects of roots in rainy season, high humidity, cold period, etc., improves the shape, supplies the crops with impact, and prevents pests. It has various effects, such as promoting seed germination.
Korean Patent Publication No. 2001-0077679 proposes a composition for animal feed additives containing chitin chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharides as active ingredients. Chitin is a natural animal fiber that exists in the natural world that makes up the shells of lower organisms. More than 100 billion tons are produced annually, and a sugar called N-Acetyl Glucosamine forms β1-4. It is a polymer material with a molecular weight of 1 million or more combined with. Chitosan, on the other hand, is a polymer obtained from chitin through a deacetylation reaction, and the macromolecule of chitin is a low molecular form. The chitosan made in this way is insoluble in water and alcohol solvents, has a characteristic of being soluble in weak acids, and is disclosed as a pollution-free and nontoxic biodegradable substance.
On the other hand, the low molecular weight of chitosan with molecular weight of 100,000 to 200,000 is once again broken down to 2-10 glucosamine, called chito-oligosaccharide, which is the best form of body absorption compared to chitin and chitosan. Proposed to be. It is reported that high molecular weight chitin or relatively high molecular weight chitosan is water-insoluble and usually has a bioabsorption rate of 2 to 3%, while a relatively low molecular weight chitosan oligosaccharide is water-soluble and reaches an absorption rate of about 70 to 80% in the body.
In addition, chitin chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharides include (1) chemical hydrolysis using hydrochloric acid and caustic soda, (2) enzymatic digestion using chitin-chitosanase enzymes, and (3) microorganisms and fermentation media. The microbial fermentation method is manufactured in three types, and the microbial fermentation method is difficult to proceed with work and requires a lot of know-how (know-how), but it is introduced as the most stable and functional manufacturing method.
In the above-mentioned invention, lactic acid producing bacteria, yeast, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces spp. A composition for adding livestock feed containing useful microorganisms is disclosed, and among them, Streptomycess pp. Microorganisms have been proposed to decompose chitin by chitinase enzyme action. (Korean Patent Publication No. 2001-0077679, Table 3), it has been proposed that the degradation of chitin and chitosan by the fermentation of the microorganism.
Chitin and chitosan are generally prepared from chemical shells from crab shells or squid bones and also have excellent flocculation. The effect of cohesion is to change the soil of granules such as clay into a granular structure, which improves the air permeability and moisture drainage under the soil. Therefore, the growth of the kidney hair root of the crop is active, and it is also an effective part of actinomycetes, which are useful microorganisms, to promote proliferation, inhibit the growth of filamentous fungi, and chitin and chitosan decomposed by actinomycetes become chitin and chitosan oligosaccharides to grow crops. And a great effect on fruition.
As such, chitin and chitosan have excellent properties, but there are many problems in plant growth, harvest growth, and long-term activation of microorganisms while improving and improving healthy soil. In addition, it was not enough to produce the effect of producing high quality fresh, safe and delicious foods that consumers wanted.

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In general, nitrates are excessively accumulated in crops, and phosphoric acid and potassium components are accumulated in soils, and in order to preserve the soil environment and grow high quality agricultural products, it is urgent to restore the vitality of the soil by fertilization.
Conventionally, trace amounts of urea, amino acids, and vitamins have been used as a fertilizer by mixing nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium, but if fertilizer is continuously fertilized, crop growth, environmental pollution and production costs due to salt impairment due to over-accumulation of soil. There were many problems such as increased burden.
In addition, although the properties of chitin and chitosan have excellent properties, chitin and chitosan itself are poorly decomposable and are not decomposed into chitosan oligosaccharides, which are small molecules that can be absorbed by plants such as crops, thereby improving and improving healthy soil. There have been many problems with chitosan-containing substances to achieve plant growth, increased harvesting and long-term activation of microorganisms.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention that certain microorganisms, preferably Streptomyces spp. Microorganisms, can be included in a form that can be effectively absorbed by plants by grafting chitin and / or chitosan into the soil. It is to provide an environmentally friendly plant growth-promoting fertilizer and a method for producing the same that can decompose chitin and / or chitosan by the organic decomposition of to achieve long-term activation of microorganisms.

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According to the present invention, the shell of the crustacean is dried, and then at least one microorganism selected from the group consisting of powder, glucose and Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus sp., Pseudomonas Putida, Pseudomonas fluorescencs, Rhizopus sp., Yeast and Streptomyces sp. By providing fertilizer for plant growth, which is produced by mixing and dispersing microorganisms under agitation, it provides chitin, chitosan and / or chitosan oligosaccharides, resulting in excessive accumulation of nitrates accumulated in crops and phosphoric acid and potassium in soil. To improve soil phenomena and to restore the soil's vitality for the preservation of high quality agricultural products.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a fertilizer for promoting plant growth, including chitin, chitosan and / or chitosan oligosaccharides, which are prepared by drying the shell of crustaceans and mixing the powder, glucose and microorganisms with fermentation while stirring and dispersing. Type crops are expected to improve soil breathability, moisture retention, and drainage through the development of environmentally-conserved materials, and increase the intellect, increase soil microorganisms, prevent crop disturbances, promote crop growth, and increase yield.
Specifically, the fertilizer of the present invention is to provide an environmentally friendly plant growth promoting fertilizer that enhances the resistance to the development and prevention of various physiological disorders, soil disinfection, soil improvement, soil microorganism activation, pest prevention In addition, it is possible to harvest beneficial agricultural products for plants and soils, supplementing the disadvantages of conventional fertilizers.

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According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, 10 to 20 parts by weight of purified water, 10 to 20 parts by weight of glucose, and Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus sp., Pseudomonas Putida , Pseudomonas fluorescencs, Rhizopus sp., Yeast one or more microorganisms selected from the group consisting of Streptomyces sp. Provided is a fertilizer for plant development and soil improvement, characterized in that the mixture is produced by fermentation by mixing at least 1 part by weight and fermented for at least 4 days under air supply at 15 to 30 ℃ while stirring and dispersing.
In the spirit of the present invention, the shell of the crustacean is a crab shell, Streptomyces sp. Microorganisms are necessarily added. More preferably, the fermentation is performed at 28 ° C. for 4 days. The fertilizer for plant development and soil improvement which is dried and injected into the packaging container is in powder form, and the water content is preferably 2 to 10%.

According to the present invention, the shell of crustaceans is dried, pulverized, pulverized and crushed to powder; Stirring and dispersing by mixing 10 to 20 parts by weight of purified water and 10 to 20 parts by weight of glucose to 100 parts by weight of the powder; At least one microorganism selected from the group consisting of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus sp., Pseudomonas Putida, Pseudomonas fluorescencs, Rhizopus sp., Yeast and Streptomyces sp. Mixing and stirring 1 part by weight of microorganisms; Fermenting the dispersion at 15-30 ° C. for at least 4 days; And it provides a method for producing a plant growth promoting and soil improvement fertilizer comprising the step of stirring and drying the fermented dispersion and packaging.
The drying results in a moisture content of about 2% to 10% of the dispersion, which is an adequate moisture content for the microorganisms to be maintained.
Chitin is a substance that forms the exoskeleton of insects and crustaceans, that is, crabs, crayfish, and shrimp shells. Chitosan is a substance obtained by deacetylating such chitin. Its activating depleted cells inhibits aging, boosts immunity and prevents disease. It is also known to regulate biorhythms along with the ability to activate the natural healing abilities of living organisms, but the mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated.
Crops grow by combining inorganic nitrogen absorbed from the soil and organic matter derived from carbohydrates, photosynthetic products, and important components of plant growth are absorbed directly and indirectly into the roots of plants to promote healthy growth.
Plant growth promoting fungi include Suthermomas fluorescein, a combination of tricodema bilead and food, and antagonists that act to sterilize or inhibit pathogens by production and parasitics. The microorganism containing the nematode antibacterial of Trichord polyspora, Dactylella shionopaga Asrobotris Docchiiders can be used, In the present invention, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus sp., Pseudomonas Putida, Pseudomonas at least one microorganism selected from the group consisting of fluorescencs, Rhizopus sp., Yeast and Streptomyces sp. It is essential to include microorganisms.
Bacillus subtilis can easily decompose low-molecular organic matters, almost decompose sugars and amino acids, and because of its rapid reproduction, the density of bacteria can be quickly recovered even after soil sterilization. Its strain has antagonism against various phytopathogens, and it is known to have a very good antagonist against C. gloeosporioides, which occurs in about 300 kinds of plants such as pepper, apple, pear, grape and peach. have. Lactobacillus sp. Is a lactic acid bacterium belonging to the family Lactobacillaceae. The Pseudomonas Putida secretes a phosphate degrading enzyme called phosphotase that can decompose phosphoric acid (P) accumulated in the soil. It antagonizes with Fusarium sp., A plant pathogenic microorganism, and has an excellent mechanism of preventing soil acidity. The Pseudomonas fluorescencs have antimicrobial activity against soil pathogens by generating pyoluteorin and pyrrolnitrin. The pyoluteorin has the effect of inhibiting mozzarella and sweet potato rot fungi, such as pepper, corn, peanut, etc., the pyrrolnitrin has the effect of inhibiting the growth of mozzarella and red pepper germ of the radish in vegetables, by breaking down the protein By increasing the ammonia nitrogen, the plant absorption availability is high and the soil alkalinity is promoted.
The Streptomyces sp. Serves to decompose various organic matters, hardly decomposable organic matters (Cellulose, lignin, etc.), in particular chitin and chitosan, and fertilizes soil in agriculture, and controls soil pathogens. In the Rhizopus sp. Two spore capsules are contact fused to form a spherical spore. It has strong starch saccharification ability and strong organic acid generating ability such as lactic acid and fumaric acid. The yeast is grown in high sugar concentrations, such as honey glands of flowers and the surface of the fruit, and bacteria that help produce vitamins, proteins and amino acids.
Therefore, the strains are present in the soil to suppress the occurrence of the disease by the nutrient supply function and growth promoting function and the growth of beneficial antagonists of the plant, and the formation of pores of the soil by the decomposition products and mycelia by soil microorganisms and air communication and The water permeability is smooth and the water retention is increased to promote the extension of crop roots.
Example 1
Crab shells and cuttlefish bones were collected, washed with water, dehydrated, and crushed, ground and / or ground to powder. The mill used a conventional grain grinding apparatus.
The powdered powder was made of a general grain powder, and the sieve was separated by screening with a 120mesh sieve.
10 l of purified water and 10 kg of glucose were mixed with 100 kg of the powder and slowly stirred to disperse. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus sp., Pseudomonas Putida, Pseudomonas fluorescencs, Rhizopus sp. And microorganisms for commercial crops including Yeast and Streptomyces sp. 1 kg of microorganisms were mixed and stirred and dispersed.
The dispersion was fermented at 28 ° C. for 4 days in a fermenter barrel to obtain a viscous fertilizer, hot air was added, stirred and dried to 5% water content, and then injected and sealed in 4 kg unit packaging containers for storage until use. The fertilizer for plant development and soil improvement of the present invention thus prepared is preferably used in liquid form by diluting with 200 L of water to 4 Kg of packaging unit as described in the following Comparative Experiment.
Example 2
The same steps as in Example 1 were repeated, but mixed together to be 100 kg together with the crushed leaves in the powdered powder was added together.
Comparative Example
Chitin and chitosan-containing liquid plant growth improvers according to the prior art were selected.
Commercially available complex 4 fertilizers contain 6% nitrogen, 6% phosphoric acid and 5% potassium, and chitin and chitosan liquid fertilizers contain 2% nitrogen, 14% water-soluble phosphoric acid, 0.1% water-soluble manganese, 0.05% water-soluble boron, A liquid fertilizer containing 5% chitosan was used.
Comparative Example
Liquid plant development and soil improvement fertilizer, commercially available fourth species fertilizer, and conventional chitin, in which 4 Kg of the environmentally friendly plant growth promoter 1 packaging container prepared in Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention was diluted with 200 L of water. And chitosan-based liquid fertilizers were tested and cultivation effect as follows.
The test cultivation is divided into the field and plant cultivation of the vegetable cultivation test, and the vegetable varieties are melon (seed name: Obok melon), cucumber (seed name: Tadagi), and radish (seed name: Daijo). At the same place, the soil weight was measured, the same amount was contained, and the soil moisture in the initial state was adjusted to about 50% and sown.
The melon, cucumber, and radish are divided into two fields: planting and planting plants (bivil houses) after sowing, and after 20 days, the environmentally friendly plant growth improving agent and the fourth plant prepared in Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention. Seed fertilizers, and chitin and chitosan-based liquid fertilizers were applied to the side and irrigation.
Example 1, 2 and 4 kinds of fertilizers, chitin and chitosan liquid fertilizer after dilution 20 times after the initial dilution with water 50 times foliar and irrigation fertilization and foliar fertilization 50 times every 5 days, The 50-fold irrigation was repeated three times, and the same amount of water was given to the untreated fertilized test cultivation. After the formulation was harvested with the same at the harvest time of each variety was measured the average size and fruit weight was measured.

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Comparative test results for the effects of the foliar and irrigation of the plant growth promoting and soil improvement fertilizers of the present invention prepared in Examples 1 and 2, and commercially available species 4, chitin and chitosan-based liquid fertilizers (units) g) Cultivation Method kind No treatment Type IV fertilizer Chitin and Chitosan Fertilizer Example 1 Example 2 Experiment 1
Fruit weight facility melon 363 412 420 683 618 Experiment 2
Fruit weight Noji cucumber 298 332 363 489 413 Experiment 3
Fruit weight facility radish 141 199 237 397 301 Noji 117 133 154 187 176 facility 316 532 571 801 786 Noji 185 292 376 745 630

According to the present invention as described above, to provide a fertilizer for promoting plant development and soil improvement containing chitin, chitosan and / or chitosan oligosaccharides prepared by drying the shell of crustaceans, and then by mixing and dispersing the powder, glucose and microorganisms after fermentation. By providing fertilizers for promoting eco-friendly plant growth, which enhances resistance to promoting plant development, preventing and restoring various physiological disorders, soil disinfection, soil improvement, soil microbial activation, and pest prevention. Complementing the shortcomings of conventional fertilization, which can be achieved, can produce beneficial agricultural products for plants and soil.

1 is a test report showing the results of the component test of the plant growth promotion and soil improvement fertilizer prepared according to an embodiment of the present invention,
Figure 2 is a test report showing the results of quantitative analysis of the microbial content of the plant growth promotion and soil improvement fertilizer prepared according to an embodiment of the present invention.

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Claims (6)

10 to 20 parts by weight of purified water, 10 to 20 parts by weight of glucose, and Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus sp., Pseudomonas Putida, Pseudomonas fluorescencs, Rhizopus sp. In the fertilizer for plant development and soil improvement, which is prepared by fermenting at least 1 part by weight of one or more microorganisms selected from the group consisting of yeast and stirring and dispersing at 15 to 30 ° C. under an air supply for 15 days, the microorganisms are strepto Fertilizer for plant development and soil improvement, characterized in that the fermentation by the addition of microorganism (Streptomyces spp.). delete Powdering the shell of the crustacean by drying, crushing, pulverizing and grinding; Stirring and dispersing by mixing 10 to 20 parts by weight of purified water and 10 to 20 parts by weight of glucose to 100 parts by weight of the powder; Mixing and stirring 1 part by weight of one or more microorganisms selected from the group consisting of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus sp. And In the plant growth promotion and soil improvement fertilizer manufacturing method comprising the step of fermenting the dispersion with stirring at least 4 days under air supply at 15 to 30 ℃, Method for producing plant growth and soil improvement fertilizer, characterized in that the fermentation by adding the microorganism Streptomycess pp. Microorganism in the fermentation step. delete delete delete

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