EP1958436A1 - Method and device for moving a camera disposed on a pan/tilt head along a given trajectory - Google Patents
Method and device for moving a camera disposed on a pan/tilt head along a given trajectoryInfo
- Publication number
- EP1958436A1 EP1958436A1 EP06829375A EP06829375A EP1958436A1 EP 1958436 A1 EP1958436 A1 EP 1958436A1 EP 06829375 A EP06829375 A EP 06829375A EP 06829375 A EP06829375 A EP 06829375A EP 1958436 A1 EP1958436 A1 EP 1958436A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- camera
- robot
- pan
- movement path
- tilt head
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004091 panning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
- H04N23/66—Remote control of cameras or camera parts, e.g. by remote control devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/222—Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment
- H04N5/262—Studio circuits, e.g. for mixing, switching-over, change of character of image, other special effects ; Cameras specially adapted for the electronic generation of special effects
- H04N5/272—Means for inserting a foreground image in a background image, i.e. inlay, outlay
Definitions
- the invention can preferably be used in virtual studios, for example for news, reports, sports reports, and also for the creation of advertising programs and video clips, both in the form of live events and in the form of recordings.
- Another area of application is film and post-production.
- the virtual image sources can be weather maps, for example, which are added to a blue screen. Movements of the camera are not permitted for static virtual images. If the camera were moved, there would be perspective deviations between real and virtual parts of the image. As a result of the deviations in perspective, the uniform visual impression of an apparent real world is destroyed. This effect occurs particularly strongly when the camera pans.
- An articulated arm robot is preferably used as the robot.
- the articulated arm robot has in particular at least four and advantageously six axes of rotation.
- the same camera poses can be achieved with different articulated positions of the articulated arm robot. This provides a camera robot that can be used in a particularly flexible manner, since it enables camera movements that were previously not possible with known systems.
- driving commands can be generated from the associated position data that control a robot that guides the camera along the desired movement path.
- the drive motors to be controlled by a controller preferably via servo amplifiers, are driven simultaneously, so that the axes of the robot can be moved simultaneously.
- Each robot axis can be assigned its own controller and several controllers for several robot axes can be coupled or synchronized via suitable bus systems. According to the invention, it is also possible to provide a separate control for the drive of the robot axes and for the functions of the camera and the pan / tilt head.
- the control of the functional unit camera and pan / tilt head can be connected to the control of the robot axes via suitable bus systems preferably ensure a coupled or synchronous operation.
- the virtual trajectories or predefined trajectories generated in a simulation of a set or a studio can be fed directly to the robot in the real studio, so that the robot can guide the camera on the trajectory with repeat accuracy.
- Desired speed or acceleration profiles can be assigned to the specified trajectories. Different speed or acceleration profiles can also be assigned to the same predefined movement path, and thus different camera movements with differently acting sequences can be generated in spite of the same movement path in space. The generated image sequences then have different dynamics.
- the pan / tilt head which in addition to the relevant functions of Pan and TiIt can also have the roll function, forms the functional unit with the camera, which in particular can be controlled separately by the robot.
- the camera can be oriented independently according to the known camera control methods. It is particularly advantageous that camera controls that are already on the market can continue to be used for functions such as pan, TiIt, roll, zoom, focus and iris. This is achieved in that the movement planning for the robot axes relate to a basic reference system of the pan / tilt head and not to the camera itself.
- the basic reference system is a coordinate system that defines a fixed position in a part of the flange assigned to the mounting flange Has pan / tilt head.
- the movement path for the camera or for the basic reference system of the pan / tilt head can be traversed in real time by manual movement by means of a control.
- a control for this purpose, either the spatial position of the basic reference system of the pan / tilt head can be set, for example by means of a joystick or another hand-operated control unit, whereby the camera can be oriented independently according to the known camera guidance methods.
- the spatial position of the camera can be set directly using the joystick or the hand-held control panel.
- the trajectory for the camera or for the basic reference system of the pan / tilt head can be stored in a controller for the robot as a preprogrammed trajectory pattern.
- a user can do without complex and costly simulation programs and manual learning drives.
- a movement path pattern can, for example, be a pre-programmed 360 ° swivel around a fixed point.
- Another movement path pattern can be, for example, a linear drive past a fixed point.
- the camera can optionally be focused on a spatial point in the drive-by. This allows users to use trajectories without having to pre-program them themselves.
- a multiplicity of preprogrammed movement path patterns are stored in a controller for the robot.
- a movement path pattern to be carried out can be activated by the user as required by selection on an operating device coupled to the control.
- the preprogrammed movement path patterns can be stored in a memory that can be separated from the control. This enables a simple and inexpensive exchange of existing movement path patterns. Movement path patterns that are no longer required can be removed from the control so that these movement path patterns can no longer be activated. In addition, new trajectory patterns can be added.
- the specification of fixed preprogrammed trajectory patterns increases the safety of the robot system, since the user has no influence whatsoever and therefore incorrectly programmed trajectory patterns that could represent a safety risk cannot be created at all.
- the manipulated variables for axes of a first robot can be synchronized with manipulated variables of at least one second robot by means of a synchronous control.
- the synchronization can take place, for example, by having several cameras off different positions are focused on a common object and when moving the object in space and tracking the object by means of a first camera, the other cameras keep the object in focus synchronously with the first camera.
- Object tracking is possible with the method according to the invention or with one or more robots, also with the option of manual change.
- a single robot can perform an automated movement in which the desired target object is always captured in the image of the camera and, in parallel, a person can manually control or edit the functions of the camera and / or the position of the pan / tilt head.
- several cameras can be set up on a common target object, so that the same object is captured by the cameras simultaneously from different perspectives.
- the multiple cameras can also be controlled in such a way that a target object is transferred from one camera to the next camera. This automatically enables object tracking over large distances.
- the manipulated variables for axes of the at least one robot can advantageously be synchronized by means of a synchronous control with manipulated variables for travel drives of a mobile platform on which the robot is mounted.
- the mobile platform can be an automatically movable tripod or a platform with an omnidirectional drive.
- One or more optical targets attached in the driving plane of the mobile platform can be used as markers.
- Each work location for the robot is preferably assigned its own target.
- As a work location the basic position of the robot base is to be understood from which the camera movements are carried out within a set or studio.
- the position and / or orientation of the camera in the room can optionally be determined using markers or wirelessly detectable position sensors. GPS sensors, for example, can be used as wireless position sensors.
- the height of the camera can also be determined.
- different camera altitudes can also be approached via the position of a height-adjustable tripod.
- Servomotors can be used, for example, for an application profile for tracking shots that require a low level of noise.
- the servomotors are preferably operated via frequency converters with a frequency above 15 kilohertz.
- the camera robots according to the invention can also be used in live recordings and live transmissions with sound, without disturbing noises which could be caused by drives of the camera robot.
- frequency converters with a frequency above 15 kilohertz no audible noise is generated, so that costly sound insulation of the robot drives can be omitted.
- harmonic drive gearboxes are preferably used, which enable very high speed ratios with little noise to be generated without play.
- the camera robot can be connected to a controller which is designed to control further actuators for at least the pan and tilt functions of the pan / tilt head.
- the controller can also be designed to control actuators for roll, camera, zoom, focus and / or iris.
- the camera robot can be arranged on a linear or travel drive that can be controlled by the control.
- a linear drive known in particular in robot technology can be provided in order to additionally increase the mobility of the robot system according to the invention.
- Such a linear drive has the advantage that it enables a linear movement without slippage, as a result of which even large straight-line movements of the camera can be repeated in a precise position.
- the camera robot can be arranged on a mobile platform.
- the mobile platform is preferably an automatically movable tripod or a platform with an omnidirectional drive.
- control can also be designed for the control of further external studio devices, such as video servers and video mixers.
- the control can also be designed in such a way that it can be controlled by the external studio devices.
- the accuracy of the camera robot control enables a connection to newsroom systems.
- Fig. 1a is a schematic representation of the sequence of an inventive
- FIG. 1 b shows a schematic representation of the sequence analogous to FIG. 1 a in an extended variant with the functions pivoting and tilting as additional axes;
- Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of an inventive
- FIG. 3 shows a side view of a camera robot according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 shows a camera robot according to the invention on a tripod.
- the sequence of a method according to the invention is shown schematically in FIG. 1a.
- a desired camera movement for a film sequence is planned in a TV studio 1 and a suitable movement path 2 is specified for a camera 3.
- the method determines the positions and orientations of a basic reference system 4 in space from the predetermined movement path 2 for the camera 3.
- the basic reference system 4 is located at a fixedly defined location on a pan / tilt head 5 to which the camera 3 is attached.
- the basic reference system 4 is preferably provided on a connecting part 6 of the pan / tilt head 5.
- the connecting part 6 is fixedly connected to a receiving flange 7 of a six-axis industrial robot 8.
- the basic reference system 4 is coupled to the movements of the receiving flange 7 and thus corresponds to a receiving flange or tool tool center point (TCP) of the six-axis industrial robot 8.
- the positions of the basic reference system 4 are in space defined by the three Cartesian spatial coordinates X 1 Y and Z.
- the orientations of the basic reference system 4 in space are defined by the three rotations in the Cartesian spatial coordinate system.
- the rotation around A preferably corresponds to a rotation around the Z axis
- the rotation around B corresponds to a rotation around the Y axis
- the rotation around C corresponds to a rotation around the X axis of the Cartesian spatial coordinate system.
- the at least two movement paths obtained in this way can be carried out synchronously with one another.
- the camera robot 13 is coupled to the six-axis industrial robot 8 via a synchronous control 14.
- This synchronization preferably relates to a temporal synchronization of different movement path patterns of the six-axis industrial robot 8 and the camera robot 13.
- the six-axis industrial robot 8 and the camera robot 13 can also be operated in such a way that they execute synchronous movement path patterns with a position offset.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a control system according to the invention.
- the method according to the invention can be implemented in the controller 9.
- the control 9 is located on a control computer, which is preferably assigned a “touchscreen interface”. Execution commands can be entered manually into the control via the touchscreen 14.
- the movement paths 2 can be traversed, for example, by means of a manual control system 15.
- the control system 15 can be designed as a "joystick panel”.
- a selected camera can be moved manually in the room using the joystick. Instead of a joystick, a 6D mouse can also be used.
- the movement paths 2 can also be fed to the controller 9 in a simulation system 16 of a virtual set in the studio 1.
- a large number of preprogrammed movement path patterns can be stored in the controller 9.
- FIG. 3 shows a six-axis industrial robot 8 according to the invention in the form of an articulated arm robot.
- a carousel 22 is rotatably connected to a base 23 via the axis A1.
- a swing arm 24 is articulated on the carousel 22 via the axis A2.
- an arm 25 is rotatably mounted about the axis A3.
- a central hand 26 can be rotated about its longitudinal extent via the axis A4.
- the central hand 26 has a further axis A5, on which the receiving flange 7 is pivotally mounted.
- the receiving flange 7 itself can carry out a further rotation about the axis 6.
- the pan / tilt head 5 is fastened to the receiving flange 7.
- the pan / tilt head 5 has a connection plate 27 which is rigidly connected to the receiving flange 7.
- the basic reference system 4 is bound to the connection plate 27.
- a pivot structure 28 is pivotally mounted on the connection plate 27 via the axis A7.
- the swivel structure 28 carries a camera holder 29 on which the camera 3 is attached.
- the camera holder 29 can be inclined relative to the swivel structure 28 by means of the axis A8.
- FIG. 4 shows the six-axis industrial robot 8 from FIG. 3, the base frame 23, in contrast to FIG. 3, not being fixedly mounted on a base, but being arranged on a linear axis 30.
- the linear axis 30 can be regarded as an additional axis A9, which can be managed by the controller 9 in the same way as other additional functions.
- the six-axis industrial robot 8 can also be mounted on a manually or automatically movable tripod, as shown schematically in FIG.
- the travel stand can be a manually displaceable undercarriage which has steerable wheels.
- driverless transport systems known per se can be used which have wheels which can be driven by an automatic drive control.
- the drive control can in all cases be connected via a synchronous control 14 to the six-axis industrial robot 8 and the pan / tilt head 5 of the camera 3, so that the axes A1 to A6 of the six-axis industrial robot 8 with the axes A7 and A8 of the pan- / Tilt head 5 of the camera 3 and the wheel drives of the platform 32 can be moved synchronously.
- the six-axis industrial robot 8 is arranged on a mobile platform 32, which are driven by means of wheel drives in the form of omnidirectional wheels 33.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Studio Devices (AREA)
- Accessories Of Cameras (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005058867.0A DE102005058867B4 (en) | 2005-12-09 | 2005-12-09 | Method and device for moving a camera arranged on a pan and tilt head along a predetermined path of movement |
| PCT/EP2006/011752 WO2007065676A1 (en) | 2005-12-09 | 2006-12-07 | Method and device for moving a camera disposed on a pan/tilt head along a given trajectory |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1958436A1 true EP1958436A1 (en) | 2008-08-20 |
Family
ID=37899270
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP06829375A Ceased EP1958436A1 (en) | 2005-12-09 | 2006-12-07 | Method and device for moving a camera disposed on a pan/tilt head along a given trajectory |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080316368A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1958436A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102005058867B4 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2007065676A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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| DE102021123245A1 (en) | 2021-09-08 | 2023-03-09 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Method for validating a camera calibration for a movable robotic arm using a system, computer program product and system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021123245A1 (en) | 2021-09-08 | 2023-03-09 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Method for validating a camera calibration for a movable robotic arm using a system, computer program product and system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2007065676A1 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
| US20080316368A1 (en) | 2008-12-25 |
| DE102005058867A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
| DE102005058867B4 (en) | 2018-09-27 |
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