CN109889063B - Synchronous rectification switch driving circuit - Google Patents
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- CN109889063B CN109889063B CN201910224702.0A CN201910224702A CN109889063B CN 109889063 B CN109889063 B CN 109889063B CN 201910224702 A CN201910224702 A CN 201910224702A CN 109889063 B CN109889063 B CN 109889063B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a synchronous rectification switch driving circuit which is applied to an electric energy conversion circuit, wherein the electric energy conversion circuit comprises a main switch, a synchronous rectification switch, a main switch driving circuit and the synchronous rectification switch driving circuit, the main switch driving circuit sends a driving signal, the driving signal generates a first driving signal after first time delay to drive the main switch to be switched on, and the synchronous rectification switch driving circuit sends a second driving signal to drive the synchronous rectification switch according to the driving signal and the source voltage of the synchronous rectification switch. The first time delay ensures that a certain dead time is left from the closing of the synchronous rectifier switch to the opening of the main switch, thereby avoiding the risk of direct connection.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to synchronous rectification technology, and more particularly, to a driving circuit of a synchronous rectification switch.
Background
The synchronous rectification technology adopts the MOS tube with smaller on-state conduction resistance as a synchronous rectification switch to replace a rectifier diode, thereby reducing the forward conduction voltage drop V of the diodeFThe on-state loss caused by the power supply is particularly easy to improve the efficiency of the whole power supply in low-voltage and high-current occasions.
The driving method of the synchronous rectification switch can be divided into current mode driving and voltage mode driving according to the signal source property. The current mode driving obtains a driving signal of the synchronous rectification switch through a current-voltage conversion circuit by detecting a current signal of a certain passage in the converter circuit. Common current signal detecting elements include resistors, shunt meters, hall elements, current transformers, and the like. The resistor detection has large loss on occasions with large current, the resistance value of the resistor is easily influenced by factors such as temperature and the like, and the detection precision is low. The shunt meter has larger volume, which is not beneficial to improving the power density of the converter. The voltage type driving obtains a driving signal of the synchronous rectification switch by detecting a voltage signal in the converter circuit, and a signal source is generally a transformer winding voltage, an auxiliary winding voltage, and the like. In voltage-type synchronous rectification schemes, the drain-source voltage of the synchronous rectification switch is most commonly sampled. However, for the bridge circuit, the action of the drain-source voltage of the upper and lower tubes must be completed after the drive is given, and if the drive of the synchronous rectifier switch utilizes the drain-source voltage, the drive of the upper and lower tubes must have a dead zone for a certain time to ensure the normal jump of the drain-source voltage of the switch tube. But the scheme of directly detecting the drain-source voltage cannot realize the dead zone of the driving.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention is based on the idea that the scheme of detecting the drain-source voltage of the synchronous rectifier switch is improved, the main control switch and the synchronous rectifier switch use the same driving signal (or a signal which is logical to the main control switch and is common to the ground) and the voltage of the source of the synchronous rectifier switch as the trigger of the synchronous rectifier drive, and the first driving signal of the main control switch and the turn-on trigger of the driving signal have a certain time delay, so that the turn-off of the synchronous rectifier tube and the turn-on of the main control switch are ensured to have a certain dead time, and a novel and reliable synchronous rectifier drive mode is realized. Meanwhile, the synchronous rectification driving circuit is formed by simple discrete components such as a triode, a resistor, a capacitor and the like, so that the cost and the volume are greatly reduced.
The utility model provides a synchronous rectifier switch drive circuit, is applied to among the electric energy converting circuit, the electric energy converting circuit include main switch and synchronous rectifier switch and main switch drive circuit with synchronous rectifier switch drive circuit, main switch drive circuit sends drive signal, synchronous rectifier switch drive circuit according to drive signal with synchronous rectifier switch's source voltage sends the second drive signal drive synchronous rectifier switch, when drive signal is by low uprising, after first time delay, main switch's drive signal is by low uprising to as first drive signal drive main switch, synchronous rectifier switch turn-off to main switch opens an interval dead time.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electric energy conversion circuit is a step-down conversion circuit, the main control switch and the synchronous rectification switch are connected in series in the same direction and then input electric energy in parallel, the synchronous rectification switch is connected in series with a step-down inductor and then connected in parallel with the output capacitor, and both ends of the output capacitor are connected in parallel to output electric energy.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electric energy conversion circuit is a boost conversion circuit, the main control switch and a boost inductor are connected in series and then connected in parallel to input electric energy, the main control switch and the synchronous rectification switch are connected in series in the same direction and then connected in parallel to the output capacitor, and two ends of the output capacitor are connected in parallel to output electric energy.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the synchronous rectification switch driving circuit includes a comparison circuit, an input terminal of the comparison circuit is connected to an output terminal of the main switch driving circuit and a source of the synchronous rectification switch, a voltage of the output terminal of the main switch driving circuit is higher than a voltage of the source of the synchronous rectification switch, and when the output terminal of the main switch driving circuit is at a high level, the comparison circuit outputs a voltage of the source of the synchronous rectification switch; when the voltage of the output end of the main switch driving circuit is not higher than the voltage of the source electrode of the synchronous rectification switch, the comparison circuit outputs high level to drive the synchronous rectification switch to be conducted.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the synchronous rectification switch further includes a delay circuit, the delay circuit receives the driving signal and outputs a first driving signal, when the driving signal changes from high to low, a delay time of the delay circuit is less than an on delay time of the synchronous rectification switch.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the comparison circuit comprises a first triode, a second triode, a driving voltage, a first current limiting resistor and a second current limiting resistor, the collector of the first triode is connected with the output end of the main switch driving circuit and receives a first driving signal output by the main switch driving circuit, the base of the first triode is connected with the emitter of the first triode, and is connected with driving voltage by means of the second current-limiting resistor, the base electrode of the second triode is connected with the base electrode of the first triode, the emitter of the second triode is connected with the source of the synchronous rectification switch, the collector of the second triode is connected with the driving voltage through the first current limiting resistor, and the collector electrode of the second triode is connected with the gate electrode of the synchronous rectification switch to output the second driving signal.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the main switch driving circuit includes a digital control module and a driving circuit, a main switch driving port of the digital control module outputs a first digital driving signal and is connected to the driving circuit, the driving circuit outputs the first driving signal, a synchronous rectification switch driving port of the digital control module outputs a second digital driving signal and is connected to the synchronous rectification switch driving circuit to output a second driving signal, the second digital driving signal changes from low to high after a first delay occurs, and the first delay is implemented by programming the digital control module.
The invention also provides a step-down conversion circuit, which comprises a synchronous rectification switch driving circuit, wherein the step-down conversion circuit comprises a main switch, a synchronous rectification switch, a main switch driving circuit and the synchronous rectification switch driving circuit, and is characterized in that the main switch driving circuit sends out a driving signal, the synchronous rectification switch driving circuit sends out a second driving signal according to the driving signal and the source voltage of the synchronous rectification switch to drive the synchronous rectification switch, when the driving signal changes from low to high, the second driving signal changes from low to high, after a first time delay, the first driving signal driving the main switch changes from low to high, and the synchronous rectification switch is turned off until the main switch is turned on, with a dead time.
The synchronous rectification switch has the advantages that the driving signal of the synchronous rectification switch is formed by using the driving signal of the main control switch, so that the synchronous rectification switch is turned off before the main control switch is turned on, and the direct connection risk is avoided. The sampling resistor with large volume is saved, and the loss caused by the sampling resistor is avoided. The synchronous rectification circuit is applied to a bridge circuit which is conducted complementarily, the main control switch serves as an upper tube, the synchronous rectification switch serves as a lower tube, and the voltage between a driving signal positive end (or a signal positive end which is logical to the upper tube and is grounded) of the upper tube and a source electrode point of the lower tube is sampled to serve as the trigger of synchronous rectification driving, so that the voltage and the turn-on voltage of the upper tube have certain time delay, a certain dead time is reserved between turn-off of the lower tube and turn-on of the upper tube, and the risk of direct connection of the upper tube and the lower tube is. The invention is suitable for analog control and digital control. In addition, the invention only uses two symmetrical triodes as main control devices, thereby greatly reducing the cost of the circuit.
In order to make the aforementioned and other features and advantages of the invention more comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a synchronous rectification driving circuit according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a timing diagram of key signals in FIG. 1.
Fig. 3 is a first embodiment of the synchronous rectification driving circuit according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows a second embodiment of the synchronous rectification driving circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows a third embodiment of the synchronous rectification driving circuit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose and technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the main switch driving circuit 11 is connected to the main switch M1, and the main switch driving circuit 11 sends out a driving signal VPSaid drive signal VPFor driving the main switch M1 and the synchronous rectifier switch M2. The drive signal VPThe delay circuit 14 generates a first driving signal VG1 to drive the main switch M1 after delaying the time, wherein the delay time of the delay circuit 14 is Td, as shown in fig. 2. The delay circuit 14 is implemented by, for example, an RC filter circuit, a dedicated driver chip, a comparator, or a control program in a main switch driver circuit.
The synchronous rectification switch driving circuit 12 is connected with the synchronous rectification switch M2, and the synchronous rectification switch driving circuit 12 is driven by a driving signal VPAnd the source voltage of the synchronous rectification switch M2 sends out a second driving signal VG2 to drive the synchronous rectification switch M2. The master control switch M1 and the synchronous rectification switch M2 are related switches in the electric energy conversion circuitFor example, the master control switch M1 is an upper tube in the bridge arm circuit, and the synchronous rectification switch M2 is a lower tube in the bridge arm circuit; or the master switch M1 is a master switch of the boost circuit, and the synchronous rectification switch M2 is a freewheeling switch of the boost circuit, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the technical solution of the present invention may be used in any application where it is necessary to avoid the master switch M1 and the synchronous rectification switch M2 from being directly turned on.
Referring to FIG. 2, timing diagrams of key signals in FIG. 1 are shown, respectively representing the driving signals VPThe first driving signal VG1, the second driving signal VG2, the voltage VGs1 between the gate and the source of the main control switch M1, and the voltage VGs2 between the gate and the source of the step rectifier switch M2. The drive signal VPWhen the voltage goes from high to low, the first driving signal VG1 goes from high to low, the voltage VGs1 goes from high to low, and the second driving signal VG2 goes from low to high after a delay Tm, wherein the delay Tm is a delay generated by a circuit device and is not a circuit delay set by people. The time delay circuit 14 is used for the driving signal VPOr the delay is less than the delay Tm.
The drive signal VPWhen the voltage is low and the voltage is high, the second driving signal VG2 changes to be high and low after having a delay time Tt, where the delay time Tt is a delay time generated by a circuit device and is not a circuit delay time set artificially, and fig. 2 illustrates an example in which the switching timings of the first driving signal VG1 and the second driving signal VG2 are complementary. The first driving signal VG1 transitions to a high level after a delay Td. The delay time Td is generated by the delay circuit 14, and the delay time Td is greater than the delay time Tt, so that a dead time Td-Tt is reserved from the turning-off of the synchronous rectifier switch M2 (i.e. the jump of the voltage VGS2 between the gate and the source of the main synchronous rectifier switch M2) to the turning-on of the main switch M1, thereby avoiding the risk of shoot-through. As shown in fig. 3, the synchronous rectification driving circuit of the present invention is applied to the buck converter circuit 33, when the main switch M1 is turned off, the level of the first driving signal G1 is equal to the level of the source S1 of the main switch M1 and is also equal to the level of the drain D2 of the synchronous rectification switch M2, and the freewheeling current id flows from the source S2 to the drain D2 of the synchronous rectification switch M2 due to the synchronous rectificationThe conduction voltage drop Vf of the body diode in the switch M2, the voltage of the source S2 is higher than the voltage of the drain D2, and thus the voltage of the source S2 is higher than the voltage of the P1, so that the PN junction between the base and the collector of the Q2 is forward biased, current flows through the Q2 from R2, the Q1 is in an off state, the second driving signal G2 output by the synchronous rectification switch driving circuit 32 is high VCC, the channel of the step rectification switch M2 is opened, and the freewheeling current in the power conversion circuit 2 flows through the channel of the synchronous rectification switch M2.
The driving signal Vp output by the main switch driving circuit 31 is at a high level, and after being delayed by Td through the delay circuit 34, the first driving signal VG1At the high level, the voltage VGS1 between the gate and the source of the main switch M1 reaches its turn-on voltage Vgsth1, and the main switch M1 of the power converter circuit 2 is turned on. The synchronous rectification switch drive circuit 32 is directly connected with the drive signals Vp, V output by the main switch drive circuitP>VS2, when Q2 is turned off and Q1 is turned on, the second driving signal V outputted from the synchronous rectification switch driving circuit 32G2At zero, the synchronous rectifier switch M2 is closed. Since the time delay Td is provided when the driving signal Vp jumps to the turn-on of the main switch M1 (i.e. when the voltage VGS1 between the gate and the source of the main switch M1 jumps), the time delay Td is larger than the time delay when the driving signal Vp jumps to the turn-off of the synchronous rectifier switch M2, a certain dead time is reserved between the turn-off of the synchronous rectifier switch M2 and the turn-on of the main switch M1, and therefore the risk of shoot-through is avoided.
Referring to fig. 4, the synchronous rectification driving circuit of the present invention is applied to the voltage boosting circuit 43, and the main switch driving circuit outputs the driving signal VPWhen the voltage of the first driving signal VG1 is an off signal, the level of the first driving signal VG1 is equal to the level of the source S1 of the main switch M1 and further equal to the negative level of the output voltage Vo, and the freewheeling current id flows from the source S2 point of the synchronous rectifier switch M2 to the drain D2 point, and due to the on-state voltage drop Vf of the diode, the voltage VS2 of the source S2 and the drain D2 of the synchronous rectifier switch M2 is equal to the off signal>VD2, then VS2>VP + Vo, a PN junction between a base electrode and a collector electrode of the triode Q2 is positively biased, current flows through the triode Q2 through the resistor R2, the triode Q1 is in a cut-off state, and then the second driving signal VG2 is a high-level driving voltage VCC, a channel of the synchronous rectification switch M2 is opened, and the free-wheeling current id flows through the channel of the synchronous rectification switch M2.
Drive signal V output by main switch drive circuitPWhen the signal is turned on, after a delay of Td, VG1 is high, the voltage VGs1 between the gate and the source of the main switch reaches its turn-on voltage Vgsth1, and the main switch M1 turns on. Drive signal V in synchronous rectification switch drive circuit 42P，VP>VS2, when Q2 is turned off, Q1 is turned on, the level of the second driving signal VG2 is pulled to VS2 immediately, and the synchronous rectification switch M2 is turned off.
As shown in fig. 5, different from fig. 3, in this embodiment, a digital control module 51 is used to generate a driving signal VP1, a ground terminal MCU _ GND of the digital control module is connected to a source S1 of the main control switch M1, the digital control module 51 is a digital controller such as an MCU or a DSP, the digital driving signal VP1 output by the digital controller 51 is converted by a driving circuit 55 to output a first driving signal VG1, and the driving circuit 55 is a dedicated driving chip, an RC circuit, a totem pole, or the like. The GateDriver1 port of the digital control module 51 outputs the digital drive signal VP1, and the MCU _ SR _ DR port of the digital control module 51 outputs the digital drive signal VP2, which have the same logic and are common to each other, but after the transition of the digital drive signal VP2 from low to high, the digital drive signal VP1 transitions from low to high again after a delay Td. When VP2 is high, VP2> VS2, at which time Q2 is turned off, Q1 is turned on, the second drive signal VG2 is pulled low, and the synchronous rectification switch M2 is driven off. After a delay of Td, the digital control module 51 sends out the digital driving signal VP1 through the port Gate Driver1, that is, the first driving signal VG1 is set high, and the voltage VGs1 between the Gate and the source of the main switch M1 reaches its turn-on voltage Vgsth1, at which time the main switch M1 is turned on. Wherein the delay time Td can be programmed and adjusted by the digital control module 51 to suit the particular circuit.
Since the digital control module 51 can be programmed to adjust the delay time Td, the rising edge of VGS1 can be later than the rising edge of VP2, and the delay time is Td. As long as the second drive signal VG2 is set low during the period Td, it is ensured that there is a certain dead time from the turn-off of the synchronous rectification switch M2 to the turn-on of the main switch M1, thereby avoiding the risk of shoot-through.
When the main switch M1 needs to be controlled to be turned off, the level of VP1 is low, which is equal to the level of the source S1 of the main switch M1 and the drain D2 of the synchronous rectification switch M2.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A synchronous rectification switch driving circuit is applied to an electric energy conversion circuit, the electric energy conversion circuit comprises a main switch, a synchronous rectification switch, a main switch driving circuit and the synchronous rectification switch driving circuit, the main switch driving circuit sends a driving signal, the synchronous rectification switch driving circuit sends a second driving signal to drive the synchronous rectification switch according to the driving signal and the source voltage of the synchronous rectification switch, the driving signal changes from low to high after a first time delay, the driving signal of the main switch changes from low to high and is used as the first driving signal to drive the main switch, the synchronous rectification switch is turned off until the main switch is turned on for a dead time, the synchronous rectification switch driving circuit comprises a comparison circuit, the input end of the comparison circuit is connected with the output end of the main switch driving circuit and the source of the synchronous rectification switch, the voltage of the output end of the main switch driving circuit is higher than the voltage of the source electrode of the synchronous rectification switch, and when the voltage is high level, the comparison circuit outputs the voltage of the source electrode of the synchronous rectification switch.
2. The synchronous rectification switch driving circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power conversion circuit is a buck conversion circuit, the main switch and the synchronous rectification switch are connected in series in the same direction and then connected in parallel to input power, the synchronous rectification switch is connected in series with a buck inductor and then connected in parallel with an output capacitor, and the output capacitor is connected in parallel to output power.
3. The synchronous rectification switch driving circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power conversion circuit is a boost conversion circuit, the main switch and a boost inductor are connected in series and then connected in parallel to input power, the main switch and the synchronous rectification switch are connected in series in the same direction and then connected in parallel to the output capacitor, and the output capacitor is connected in parallel to output power.
4. The synchronous rectification switch driving circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the voltage at the output terminal of the main switch driving circuit is not higher than the voltage at the source of the synchronous rectification switch, the comparison circuit outputs a high level to drive the synchronous rectification switch to conduct.
5. The synchronous rectification switch driving circuit as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a delay circuit, wherein the delay circuit receives the driving signal and outputs a first driving signal, and when the driving signal changes from high to low, the delay time of the delay circuit is shorter than the turn-on delay time of the synchronous rectification switch.
6. The synchronous rectification switch driving circuit as claimed in claim 4, wherein the comparison circuit comprises a first transistor, a second transistor, a driving voltage, a first current limiting resistor and a second current limiting resistor, wherein a collector of the first transistor is connected to an output terminal of the main switch driving circuit and receives a first driving signal output from the main switch driving circuit, a base of the first transistor is connected to an emitter of the first transistor and connected to the driving voltage through the second current limiting resistor, a base of the second transistor is connected to the base of the first transistor, an emitter of the second transistor is connected to a source of the synchronous rectification switch, a collector of the second transistor is connected to the driving voltage through the first current limiting resistor, and a collector of the second transistor is connected to a gate of the synchronous rectification switch, and outputting the second driving signal.
7. The synchronous rectification switch driving circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main switch driving circuit comprises a digital control module and a driving circuit, the main switch driving port of the digital control module outputs a first digital driving signal and is connected to the driving circuit, the driving circuit outputs the first driving signal, the synchronous rectification switch driving port of the digital control module outputs a second digital driving signal and is connected to the synchronous rectification switch driving circuit to output the second driving signal, the first digital driving signal changes from low to high after a first delay occurs after the second digital driving signal changes from low to high, and the first delay is implemented by programming the digital control module.
8. A step-down conversion circuit comprises a synchronous rectification switch driving circuit, wherein the step-down conversion circuit comprises a main switch, a synchronous rectification switch, a main switch driving circuit and the synchronous rectification switch driving circuit, and is characterized in that the main switch driving circuit sends a driving signal, the synchronous rectification switch driving circuit sends a second driving signal according to the driving signal and the source voltage of the synchronous rectification switch to drive the synchronous rectification switch, when the driving signal changes from low to high, the second driving signal changes from low to high, after a first time delay, a first driving signal driving the main switch changes from low to high, the synchronous rectification switch is turned off until the main switch is turned on, and a dead time is separated, the synchronous rectification switch driving circuit comprises a comparison circuit, the input end of the comparison circuit is connected with the output end of the main switch driving circuit and the source of the synchronous rectification switch, the voltage of the output end of the main switch driving circuit is higher than the voltage of the source electrode of the synchronous rectification switch, and when the voltage is high level, the comparison circuit outputs the voltage of the source electrode of the synchronous rectification switch.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE10243885A1 (en) * | 2002-09-21 | 2004-04-01 | Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh | Converter circuit and control method therefor |
| US20050024897A1 (en) * | 2003-07-28 | 2005-02-03 | Ta-Yung Yang | Synchronized rectifying controller for a forward power converter |
| CN100338864C (en) * | 2003-10-20 | 2007-09-19 | 艾默生网络能源有限公司 | DC/DC converter synchronous rectification circuit |
| CN100459391C (en) * | 2004-07-14 | 2009-02-04 | 伊博电源（杭州）有限公司 | Self-drive circuit for switch power supply |
| US8711581B2 (en) * | 2009-01-29 | 2014-04-29 | Fairchild Korea Semiconductor Ltd. | Synchronous rectifier network unit circuit and method |
| CN101515761B (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2011-01-05 | 北京新雷能有限责任公司 | Synchronous rectification circuit of reverse excitation circuit provided with adjustable dead time |
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