CN107371911B - Method for controlling humidity and improving illumination environment of northern greenhouse cherries - Google Patents

Method for controlling humidity and improving illumination environment of northern greenhouse cherries Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107371911B
CN107371911B CN201710597953.4A CN201710597953A CN107371911B CN 107371911 B CN107371911 B CN 107371911B CN 201710597953 A CN201710597953 A CN 201710597953A CN 107371911 B CN107371911 B CN 107371911B
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drip irrigation
film
irrigation tape
greenhouse
ridge
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CN107371911A (en
Inventor
刘晓伟
吕军
李君�
田玲枝
李志强
刘洪亮
何文清
胡华兵
刘卫英
汤晓昀
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Shihezi agricultural science research institute
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
    • A01G9/246Air-conditioning systems
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/14Greenhouses
    • A01G9/1438Covering materials therefor; Materials for protective coverings used for soil and plants, e.g. films, canopies, tunnels or cloches
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
    • A01G9/247Watering arrangements
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Protection Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for controlling humidity and improving illumination environment of northern greenhouse cherries, which comprises the following steps: (1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) loosening the tree body (2), ridging, cultivating, (3) paving a soil humidity control drip irrigation tape (4), and paving a PE film: a PE film is laid between two adjacent ridge surfaces for storing water and improving the illumination condition of the greenhouse, the periphery of the film edge is arranged beyond the upper ridge surface and the lower ridge surface to prevent water from leaking into soil, and the PE film is partially covered on the first drip irrigation belt and the third drip irrigation belt; (5) laying and controlling a second drip irrigation tape: a second drip irrigation tape is laid on the PE film in the middle of the adjacent ridge surfaces and is used for increasing the humidity of the greenhouse; (6) and (4) after 1-5 days in 6 months, harvesting the PE film and the first drip irrigation tape, the second drip irrigation tape and the third drip irrigation tape on the PE film, storing the PE film and the first drip irrigation tape, the second drip irrigation tape and the third drip irrigation tape in a shade place, and cleaning the PE film for continuous use in the next year.

Description

Method for controlling humidity and improving illumination environment of northern greenhouse cherries
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cherry planting, in particular to a method for controlling humidity and improving illumination environment of cherries in a northern greenhouse.
Background
The large cherries can not drought or waterlog under the requirement of soil moisture, the requirement on air humidity is different in each period, the large cherries are very sensitive, and in the north, the soil can be wet or dry under the requirement, and the control of the air humidity has great influence on the growth of the large cherries.
In common speaking, cherries are easy to live and nourish, and are afraid of cold and heat, and drought and waterlogging. The annual precipitation is between 600 and 700 mm, and the winter temperature can not be lower than minus 20 ℃.
The growth and development of the tree body can be influenced by the excessive or small humidity. The relative humidity in the greenhouse is required to be higher in the germination period, is maintained at 60% -65%, and is not too low, otherwise, the germination and the flowering are not regular. In noon in sunny days, the water in the branches evaporates quickly, so that the water in the buds is insufficient, the germination and flowering phases are inconsistent, and water can be irrigated to soil or sprayed to the branches to supplement water for the branches. The relative humidity in the shed during the flowering period should be kept between 50% and 60%. Too large or too small humidity in the flowering period is not beneficial to pollination and fertilization. When the humidity is too low, the stigma is dry, which is not beneficial to pollen tube germination; pollen is not easy to disperse when the humidity is too high, and the adhesion of the mucus of the stigma to the pollen is too thin, so that the floral rot is easily caused. From fruit setting to fruit expanding period, humidity is not enough, causes fruit to develop slowly, in the north, in order to improve air humidity, often adopt aerial micro-spray or fill water or ground micro-spray through the ground through relay installation and reach the humidity that every period required, reached the effect of raising output, however, these several modes all have its drawback, mode one, through the mode of aerial micro-spray, the shower nozzle is located fruit tree upper portion, the influence to the flower is big, suitable humidity can help the flower to improve the pollination rate, but partial corolla also pours into the water droplet into simultaneously and withers, this kind of mode has the effect of improving fruit setting, but the effect is not the best. The second mode is a shallow ditch irrigation mode, and has the defects that the soil is in a waterlogging state for a long time, is not suitable for normal growth of large cherries, and often cannot give consideration to both soil humidity and air humidity. And thirdly, slightly spraying the soil on the ground to ensure that the soil is in a waterlogging state for a long time.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art and the actual situation, the invention provides a method for controlling humidity and improving the illumination environment of northern greenhouse cherries, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) disassembling the tree body: when the temperature outside the cold shed at night reaches more than 0 ℃ and the temperature in the cold shed reaches more than 3 ℃, removing the heat-preservation covering and untying the cherry tree body;
(2) ridging cultivation: setting ridge length to be 3m, width t of adjacent ridge surfaces to be 2-3m, height d of each ridge surface from the bottom of each ridge to be 10-15cm, and planting cherry tree seedlings into soil between two ridge surfaces before 10 months, wherein the distance between the cherry tree seedlings and the soil between every two ridge surfaces is 2.5-3.5 m;
(3) paving a drip irrigation belt for controlling soil humidity: after the ridge is formed, a first drip irrigation tape and a third drip irrigation tape are laid between adjacent ridge surfaces, the first drip irrigation tape is laid close to the upper ridge surface, and the third drip irrigation tape is laid close to the lower ridge surface and used for controlling soil moisture;
(4) laying a PE film: a PE film is laid between two adjacent ridge surfaces for storing water and improving the illumination condition of the greenhouse, the periphery of the film edge is arranged beyond the upper ridge surface and the lower ridge surface to prevent water from leaking into soil, and the PE film is partially covered on the first drip irrigation belt and the third drip irrigation belt;
(5) laying and controlling a second drip irrigation tape: a second drip irrigation tape is laid on the PE film in the middle of the adjacent ridge surfaces and is used for increasing the humidity of the greenhouse;
(6) and (4) after 1-5 days in 6 months, harvesting the PE film and the first drip irrigation tape, the second drip irrigation tape and the third drip irrigation tape on the PE film, storing the PE film and the first drip irrigation tape, the second drip irrigation tape and the third drip irrigation tape in a shade place, and cleaning the PE film for continuous use in the next year.
Preferably, any one of the first drip tape, the second drip tape and the third drip tape has a length of not more than 80 cm.
Preferably, the PE film thickness is 15-20 microns.
Preferably, step (51) is further included between step (5) and step (6): when the noon temperature reaches 25-26 ℃, the two sides of the greenhouse are opened within 1h for releasing air and reducing the temperature.
Preferably, the method is characterized by further comprising the step (52) between the step (5) and the step (6): when the sun is on the hill and before dark, the greenhouse film must be covered.
Preferably, step (53) is further included between step (5) and step (6): when the outdoor temperature is higher than 28 ℃ after the end of 4 months and the beginning of 5 months, the greenhouse film needs to be replaced by a shading net to keep ventilation.
Has the advantages that:
the method for controlling humidity and improving the illumination environment of the cherries in the northern greenhouse successfully solves the problems in the prior art, effectively improves the light environment of the greenhouse and improves the photosynthetic efficiency of the large cherries, can improve the fruit setting rate of the large cherries by more than 15-20%, ensures that the temperature increasing effect of soil with water stored on a PE film is consistent with that of the PE film directly paved, ensures that the temperature increasing effect of the film on the soil is not influenced by shallow water on the film, has the light reflection rate of 19-21%, enhances the photosynthesis of trees, realizes the controllable operation of the humidity of the cold greenhouse, and achieves three purposes at one time.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a single light-increasing and humidity-controlling design unit of a simplified light-increasing and humidity-controlling design system of northern greenhouse cherries, which is applied to a method for controlling humidity and improving a lighting environment of northern greenhouse cherries according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic side view of the structure of adjacent ridges in the method for controlling humidity and improving the illumination environment of a northern greenhouse cherry of the embodiment of the invention.
Wherein:
10. a third ball valve; 11. a PE film; 13. a cherry tree; 14. a lower ridge surface; 101. a third drip irrigation tape; 103. a second drip irrigation tape; 102. the first drip irrigation zone.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail below.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for controlling humidity and improving a lighting environment of northern greenhouse cherries, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) disassembling the tree body: when the temperature outside the cold shed at night reaches more than 0 ℃ and the temperature in the cold shed reaches more than 3 ℃, removing the heat-preservation covering and untying the cherry tree body;
(2) ridging cultivation: setting ridge length to be 3m, width t of adjacent ridge surfaces to be 2-3m, height d of each ridge surface from the bottom of each ridge to be 10-15cm, and planting cherry tree seedlings into soil between two ridge surfaces before 10 months, wherein the distance between the cherry tree seedlings and the soil between every two ridge surfaces is 2.5-3.5 m;
(3) paving a drip irrigation belt for controlling soil humidity: after the ridging is finished, a first drip irrigation tape 102 and a third drip irrigation tape 101 are laid between adjacent ridge surfaces, the first drip irrigation tape 102 is laid close to the upper ridge surface, and the third drip irrigation tape 101 is laid close to the lower ridge surface 14 and used for controlling soil moisture;
(4) laying a PE film: a PE film 11 is laid between two adjacent ridge surfaces and used for storing water and improving the illumination condition of the greenhouse, the periphery of the film edge is arranged beyond the upper ridge surface and the lower ridge surface to prevent water from leaking into soil, and the PE film 11 partially covers the first drip irrigation belt and the third drip irrigation belt;
(5) laying and controlling the second drip irrigation tape 103: a second drip irrigation tape 103 is laid on the PE film 11 in the middle of the adjacent ridge surfaces and used for increasing the humidity of the greenhouse;
(6) and (4) after 1-5 days in 6 months, collecting the PE film 11 and the first drip irrigation tape 102, the second drip irrigation tape 103 and the third drip irrigation tape 101 on the PE film, storing the PE film in a shade place, and cleaning the PE film for continuous use in the next year.
Preferably, the ridge length is set to be 3m, the width t of adjacent ridge surfaces is set to be 3m, the height d of each ridge surface from the bottom of each ridge is 10cm, and before 3 months and 10 days, cherry tree seedlings are planted into the soil between the two ridge surfaces, and the distance between the cherry tree seedlings is 3 m.
Further, the length of any one of the first drip tape 102, the second drip tape 103 and the third drip tape 101 is not more than 80 cm. Namely, the first drip irrigation tape 102, the second drip irrigation tape 103 and the third drip irrigation tape 101 are arranged in the direction of the length of the ridge surface, and the lengths of the first drip irrigation tape, the second drip irrigation tape and the third drip irrigation tape are not more than 80 cm. Preferably, the first drip irrigation tape 102, the second drip irrigation tape 103 and the third drip irrigation tape 101 are all 80 cm.
Further, the PE film 11 has a thickness of 15 to 20 μm.
Further, a step (51) is further included between the step (5) and the step (6): when the noon temperature reaches 25-26 ℃, the two sides of the greenhouse are opened within 1h for releasing air and reducing the temperature.
Further, a step (52) is further included between the step (5) and the step (6): when the sun is on the hill and before dark, the greenhouse film must be covered.
Further, a step (53) is further included between the step (5) and the step (6): when the outdoor temperature is higher than 28 ℃ after the end of 4 months and the beginning of 5 months, the greenhouse film needs to be replaced by a shading net to keep ventilation. After the shading net is replaced, the two sides of the greenhouse do not need to be lifted for ventilation and cooling, and the greenhouse film does not need to be covered when the sun falls into a mountain.
The method for controlling humidity and improving illumination environment of northern greenhouse cherries provided by the invention is applied to a simple light-increasing and humidity-controlling design system of northern Xinjiang greenhouse cherries, and comprises N light-increasing and humidity-controlling design units arranged side by side, wherein each single light-increasing and humidity-controlling design unit comprises a PE film 11 arranged between adjacent ridge surfaces, a first drip irrigation tape 102, a second drip irrigation tape 103 and a third drip irrigation tape 101 arranged between adjacent ridge surfaces 21, and the second drip irrigation tape 103 is positioned on planting connecting lines of a plurality of cherry trees 13 in the same row between the first drip irrigation tape 102 and the third drip irrigation tape 101 and is arranged on the PE film 11; the first drip irrigation tape 102 and the third drip irrigation tape 101 are partially disposed under the PE film 11.
Further, the PE film 11 is positioned below the covered soil 14 of the ridge surfaces 21 on the two sides, and the thickness of the PE film 11 is 15-25 microns.
Further, a first ball valve is arranged at the water inlet of the first drip irrigation tape 102, a second ball valve is arranged at the water inlet of the second drip irrigation tape 103, and a third ball valve 10 is arranged at the water inlet of the third drip irrigation tape 101. Preferably, any one of the first ball valve, the second ball valve and the third ball valve 10 has a diameter size of 16 mm. Of course, the diameters of the first ball valve, the second ball valve and the third ball valve 10 may be all
Figure BDA0001356105190000061
May have any diameter of
Figure BDA0001356105190000062
The present embodiment is not limited herein. Therefore, the independent water supply operation of the overground drip irrigation (humidification) system and the underground drip irrigation system can be ensured without mutual interference. According to the actual situation, the operation can be separated.
Further, the distance between the first drip irrigation tape 102 and the second drip irrigation tape 103 is M, the distance between the third drip irrigation tape 101 and the second drip irrigation tape 103 is N, M is N, that is, M is vertically equal to N, and the third drip irrigation tape 101 and the first drip irrigation tape 102 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the second drip irrigation tape 103. In this way, a more even irrigation around the cherry tree 13 is ensured.
Further, the ridge surface 21 has a height of 10 cm.
The method for controlling the humidity and improving the illumination environment of the northern greenhouse cherries provided by the invention has the action principle that the first drip irrigation tape 102 and the third drip irrigation tape 101 are partially positioned below the PE film 11, so that after the first ball valve and the third ball valve 10 are opened, the first drip irrigation tape 102 and the third drip irrigation tape 101 discharge water under the PE film 11 for drip irrigation, the air environment under the PE film 11 can be kept in a moist state for a long time, and the soil is not lack of water; the second drip irrigation zone 103 is arranged on the PE film 11 and is positioned on the planting connection line of the plurality of cherry trees 13 in the same row between the first drip irrigation zone 102 and the third drip irrigation zone 101, so after the second ball valve is opened, because soil depressions are uneven, accumulated water is inevitably formed on the PE film 11, 3-4 depressions of accumulated water can be approximately formed around each cherry tree 13 according to actual conditions, and thus, the photosynthesis of the blades of the large cherry trees can be promoted through the light reflection effect of the film, the lower parts of the fruits are colored in the later period, and the commodity effect of the fruits is enhanced. Particularly, accumulated water on the film surface reflects light, evaporates and is further vaporized under illumination, so that the problem of humidification in the air can be solved, the reflection of the film to the light is not influenced by the water surface on the film, the water depth on the film surface is 2-5cm, the photosynthesis of the large cherry trees can be enhanced, the fruits are uniformly colored in the later period, the commodity performance is better, and the yield is increased by 15-20%.
In addition, combine the special big climatic feature of the day and night difference in temperature in northern Xinjiang district, can also carry out certain temperature management, for example, when the temperature is low (about 11 degrees centigrade), cover the big-arch shelter when morning and evening to the too low cherry tree development that influences of temperature, noon temperature is high back (about 26 degrees centigrade) gradually, uncaps the big-arch shelter, because the water is wet great in the big-arch shelter, absorbs during the water evaporation, takes away a part of heat in the big-arch shelter, is convenient for cool down.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for controlling humidity and improving the illumination environment of northern greenhouse cherries, which successfully solves the problems in the prior art, effectively improves the light environment of a greenhouse and improves the photosynthetic efficiency of large cherries, the method can improve the fruit setting rate of the large cherries by more than 15-20%, the temperature increasing effect of soil stored on a PE film is consistent with that of the PE film directly paved, shallow water on the film does not influence the temperature increasing effect of the film on the soil, the light reflection rate reaches 19-21%, the photosynthesis of trees is enhanced, and meanwhile, the controllable operation of the humidity of a cold greenhouse is realized, thereby achieving three purposes.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A method for controlling humidity and improving illumination environment of northern greenhouse cherries is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) disassembling the tree body: when the temperature outside the cold shed at night reaches more than 0 ℃ and the temperature in the cold shed reaches more than 3 ℃, removing the heat-preservation covering and untying the cherry tree body;
(2) ridging cultivation: setting ridge length to be 3m, width t of adjacent ridge surfaces to be 2-3m, height d of each ridge surface from the bottom of each ridge to be 10-15cm, and planting cherry tree seedlings into soil between two ridge surfaces before 10 months, wherein the distance between the cherry tree seedlings and the soil between every two ridge surfaces is 2.5-3.5 m;
(3) paving a drip irrigation belt for controlling soil humidity: after the ridge is formed, a first drip irrigation tape and a third drip irrigation tape are laid between adjacent ridge surfaces, the first drip irrigation tape is laid close to the upper ridge surface, and the third drip irrigation tape is laid close to the lower ridge surface and used for controlling soil moisture;
(4) laying a PE film: a PE film is laid between two adjacent ridge surfaces for storing water and improving the illumination condition of the greenhouse, the periphery of the film edge is arranged beyond the upper ridge surface and the lower ridge surface to prevent water from leaking into soil, and the PE film is partially covered on the first drip irrigation belt and the third drip irrigation belt;
(5) laying and controlling a second drip irrigation tape: a second drip irrigation tape is laid on the PE film in the middle of the adjacent ridge surfaces and is used for increasing the humidity of the greenhouse;
(6) 1-5 days after 6 months, collecting the PE film and the first drip irrigation tape, the second drip irrigation tape and the third drip irrigation tape on the PE film, storing the PE film and the first drip irrigation tape, the second drip irrigation tape and the third drip irrigation tape in a shade place, and cleaning the PE film for continuous use in the next year;
any one of the first drip irrigation tape, the second drip irrigation tape and the third drip irrigation tape is not more than 80cm in length;
the thickness of the PE film is 15-20 microns;
the method also comprises a step (51) between the step (5) and the step (6): when the noon temperature reaches 25-26 ℃, the two sides of the greenhouse are opened within 1h for releasing air and cooling;
the method also comprises a step (52) between the step (5) and the step (6): when the sun is on the hill and before dark, the greenhouse film must be covered.
2. The method for controlling humidity and improving the lighting environment of the northern greenhouse cherry as claimed in claim 1, wherein a step (53) is further included between the step (5) and the step (6): when the outdoor temperature is higher than 28 ℃ after the end of 4 months and the beginning of 5 months, the greenhouse film needs to be replaced by a shading net to keep ventilation.
CN201710597953.4A 2017-07-20 2017-07-20 Method for controlling humidity and improving illumination environment of northern greenhouse cherries Expired - Fee Related CN107371911B (en)

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CN105613165A (en) * 2014-10-29 2016-06-01 韩浩良 Novel technique for highly-efficient cultivation of sweet cherries in greenhouse
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