CN109121992B - A kind of greenhouse cultivation method of disaster-avoiding fruit trees in low-latitude plateau area - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a greenhouse cultivation method for disaster-avoiding fruit trees in low-latitude plateau areas. A steel-frame greenhouse for disaster-avoiding fruit trees in low-latitude plateau areas is adopted. The outer side of the greenhouse frame (1) is covered from the soil surface to the top with a layer of anti-bird The net (3), the outer side of the bird-proof net (3) is provided with a plastic greenhouse film (7), the outer side of the plastic greenhouse film (7) is provided with a waterproof quilt (6), and the greenhouse frame (1) is also provided with a covering Water film; according to the growth period of fruit trees, it is divided into pre-deciduous dormancy period, deciduous period, early flower bud germination, late flower bud germination to flowering period, full flowering period, after flowering to young fruit period, fruit growth period, fruit harvest period, before dormancy During the preparation period and other periods, the invention integrates bird-proof nets, plastic greenhouse films, waterproof quilts, and water film covering the ground, and can be used as needed according to actual weather conditions, effectively solving the problem of severe weather changes in winter and spring in low-latitude plateau areas. disaster issues.

Description

A kind of greenhouse cultivation method of disaster-avoiding fruit trees in low-latitude plateau area

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a greenhouse cultivation method for disaster-avoiding fruit trees in low-latitude plateau areas.

Background technique

In order to advance the ripening period of fruits and improve the industrial benefits of sweet cherries, peaches and other fruits, the use of closed greenhouse environment for fruit tree greenhouse cultivation has become a commonly used technology. However, due to the covering of the plastic greenhouse film, the effective light such as ultraviolet light that affects the quality of the fruit is blocked, resulting in a decrease in the internal quality of the fruit soluble solid content and fruit aroma. In the winter and spring seasons of fruit tree greenhouse cultivation, the solar radiation in the north is weak and the atmospheric temperature is low, so the closed insulation cultivation of fruit trees is very important; but the low-latitude plateau areas such as Yunnan are the period with the most abundant light and heat resources, and it is also a disastrous climate such as cold spring. In frequent seasons, how to use greenhouse facilities to avoid climate disasters, maximize the use of natural light and heat resources, control the original ecological greenhouse environment, and improve the quality of fruits is a trend for the future development of the fruit tree facility industry in low-latitude plateau areas.

The annual temperature range in the low-latitude plateau is small, generally 0.3-12.7°C, and the annual average temperature is 13-21°C. There is neither hot summer nor cold winter, and the four seasons are like spring; but the daily temperature range is large, and the daily temperature difference between winter and spring is as high as 20°C ℃-30℃, one day can be divided into four seasons, night winter and day summer. Therefore, the greenhouse technology that works well in the north has encountered many problems when it is used in Yunnan. In addition, the inventor team of the present application is committed to researching the greenhouse technology for fruit trees in low-latitude plateau regions, and developed a low-latitude high-latitude technology in 2014. The semi-open greenhouse cultivation technology of peach trees in the plateau area (China Patent No.: 201410475162.0) and a steel frame greenhouse cultivation method for peach trees in the low-latitude plateau area (China Patent No.: 201410475465.2), the traditional greenhouses cannot solve the "cold spring", A solution to the "infrared radiation" disaster has been proposed, but after several years of use, it still cannot completely solve the problem of regulating the greenhouse environment that imitates the original ecology and improving the quality of fruits.

The first is solar radiation. The fruit tree cultivation season in winter and spring is the dry season in Yunnan. The light and heat resources are abundant, and the sun is blazing during the day. The greenhouse is made of plastic film as the covering material. The temperature during the day can even be as high as 40°C or more, at this time, it is necessary to cool the fruit trees. The traditional water curtain cooling costs are high, and Yunnan is in the dry season, so the use of water curtains is not conducive to the protection and utilization of water resources; if sprinkler irrigation is used to cool down, it will increase the shed. Internal humidity will increase the disease; if the sunshade net commonly used in Yunnan is used to cool down, too much light is blocked, and the temperature cannot be effectively cooled, which will affect the photosynthesis of plants, reduce the soluble solid content of the fruit, and affect the fruit aroma and taste.

Followed by the frequent occurrence of meteorological disasters such as cold spring and frost in Yunnan from January to March, this period is also the growth period of greenhouse cultivation of fruit trees and flowers. Low temperature, frost and freezing damage have a greater impact on fruit trees. At this time, the plastic film used for greenhouse lighting can no longer play the role of heat preservation and damage prevention, and the long-wave radiation of the earth at night will cool the greenhouse, and the daily temperature difference can reach 40 °C (-8 °C to 32 °C) in strong frost weather. A temperature inversion phenomenon occurs, that is, the temperature in the plastic greenhouse at night is lower than the temperature in the open field; such severe temperature changes will cause great damage to fruit trees.

In addition, Yunnan is rich in biodiversity. In greenhouses with high temperature and high humidity, the incidence of various diseases and insect pests is very high. A semi-open greenhouse cultivation technology for peach trees in low-latitude plateau areas (China Patent No.: 201410475162.0) uses 20 mesh insect-proof nets and Waterproof quilt, but it is found in use that the 20-mesh insect-proof net will affect the light and ventilation in the shed, directly affecting the disease resistance and fruit quality of fruit trees, and there is no insect pollination, which requires manual pollination, which greatly increases the planting cost of fruit trees.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a greenhouse cultivation method for disaster-avoiding fruit trees in low-latitude plateau areas, to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

A method for cultivating disaster-avoidance type fruit tree greenhouses in low-latitude plateau areas, using steel frame greenhouses for disaster-avoidance type fruit trees in low-latitude plateau areas with different structures according to different growth periods and climatic conditions of fruit trees, said low-latitude plateau area disaster-avoidance type fruit tree steel frame The greenhouse includes: a greenhouse frame 1 and a supporting column 2. The greenhouse frame 1 is an arched structure with a semicircular top and a square base. The outer side of the side elevation of the greenhouse frame 1 is covered from the soil surface to the top. Layers of anti-bird nets 3, the anti-bird nets 3 are fixed on the greenhouse frame through lamination strips; the outer sides of the anti-bird nets 3 are provided with plastic greenhouse films 7; The greenhouse film 7 is four sections, which are covered on the greenhouse frame 1 from high to low, and one side of each section of plastic greenhouse film 7 is fixed on the greenhouse frame 1 through the lamination strip, and the other side is rolled on the film roll 4; the greenhouse frame 1. The plastic greenhouse film at the base of the two sides of the facade is divided into two sections. The part of the soil surface up to 70cm is first fixed and covered with the bottom plastic greenhouse film 12, and then the insulation board 11 is fixed and installed on the outside of the bottom plastic greenhouse film 12. Above the plate 11 to the shoulder height of the side elevation of the greenhouse frame, a plastic greenhouse film 7 is set, where one side of the plastic greenhouse film 7 is fixed on the greenhouse frame 1 by a lamination strip, and the other side is rolled on the film roll 4; all film rolls 4 are installed on the outside of the anti-bird net 3; the outside of the plastic greenhouse film 7 is provided with a waterproof quilt 6, and the waterproof quilts 6 on the side elevation of the greenhouse frame 1 are two pieces, which are respectively rolled on the greenhouse frame. 1 on the two quilt rolls 5 at the top; the front facade and the back of the greenhouse frame 1 are provided with a mobile door 8, and the front facade and the back of the greenhouse frame 1 and the outside of the mobile door 8 are respectively fixed and installed with a plastic greenhouse Membrane 7 and waterproof quilt 6, anti-bird net 3 is installed on the greenhouse door frame on the inner side of the moving door 8, here the anti-bird net only fixes the upper part on the greenhouse door frame, and the two sides and the lower part are not fixed; The greenhouse frame 1 is also provided with a covering water film. The covering water film includes a thick plastic mulch 9 and thin steel bars 10. The thick plastic mulch 9 covers the soil surface, and the thick plastic mulch 9 is supported by thin steel bars 10 around it. A mulch frame is formed, and water is stored in the mulch frame;

The specific cultivation methods are as follows:

(1) Early stage of fallen leaves dormancy: in the middle and late September, only the frame of the greenhouse is installed, 600 times of 75% chlorothalonil + 10% imidacloprid + 10% urea is sprayed before the leaves of the fruit trees, and organic fertilizer is applied to the soil in the steel frame greenhouse, and fertilization is applied. The amount of organic fertilizer for each fruit tree is 30-50kg, combined with 5kg/plant of general calcium and 0.3kg/plant of potassium fertilizer, evenly spread the fertilizer on the soil surface of the steel frame greenhouse, and use a small rotary tiller to plough the whole garden to remove the orchard weeds, The fertilizer is turned into the root distribution layer of the fruit tree with a soil depth of 20-40 cm; then the soil surface of the steel frame greenhouse is leveled, and the subsurface irrigation device is used for watering, each fruit tree is 50 kg;

(2) Dormant period of fallen leaves: from late October to early November, pruning, garden cleaning and spraying of 5° lime-sulfur mixture after fruit trees fall; bird-proof nets, plastic greenhouse films and waterproof quilts are installed on the greenhouse frame after the fruit trees fall. , and roll up the plastic greenhouse film and waterproof quilt to the top of the greenhouse; when the night temperature drops to 7.2 ℃ for 10 consecutive days, start to roll up the plastic greenhouse film and waterproof quilt on the inner facade of the greenhouse to the top of the greenhouse after sunset every day At the same time, open the two moving doors to ventilate and keep the low temperature in the shed. When the temperature exceeds 6.0 ℃ after sunrise the next day, put the plastic greenhouse film and waterproof cotton quilt down to the part below the shoulder height of the greenhouse. This cycle to the early stage of flower bud germination;

(3) Early stage of flower bud germination: From December to January, when the flower bud is slightly red, spray 5° lime sulfur mixture + 800 times of 75% chlorothalonil + 10% imidacloprid, use subsurface irrigation device, topdress N:P :K formula is 1:1:1 water-soluble fertilizer 8 kg/mu, irrigation 2 tons/mu; 7-10 days interval, fertilize twice; every morning when the atmospheric temperature rises to 15 ℃, roll up the waterproof quilt, When the temperature rises to 20°C, roll up the plastic greenhouse film, open the two moving doors, and the greenhouse is fully open; if the atmospheric temperature is lower than 17°C during the day, put down the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, and close the two moving doors. Doors, keep the temperature of the greenhouse at 15-20 °C during the day; in the evening, when the atmospheric temperature drops to 8 °C, roll up the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, and open the two moving doors to keep the greenhouse fully open. If the atmospheric temperature is lower than 6 ℃, put down the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, close the two moving doors, and keep the temperature of the greenhouse at 5-8 ℃ at night; this cycle to the flowering period;

(4) From the late stage of flower bud germination to the flowering stage: from January to February, pruning before flowering, pruning off leafless flower branches and thin and weak branches, erasing excessive flower buds, and maintaining a reasonable and even flower spacing; the atmospheric temperature rises to 15 ℃ every morning When the temperature rises to 20°C, roll up the plastic greenhouse film, open the two moving doors, and the greenhouse is fully open; cover the soil surface of the steel greenhouse with a thick plastic film, The mulch film is supported by thin steel bars with a height of 10 cm around the mulch film to form a mulch film frame; the water is put into the mulch film frame, and the height of the water is 2-3 cm to form a covering water film; if the atmospheric temperature rises to 18 ℃, add plastic mulch film Keep the temperature of the greenhouse at 15-20℃ during the day; if the atmospheric temperature is lower than 17℃ during the day, put down the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, close the two moving doors, and keep the temperature in the greenhouse not lower than 15℃. ℃; in the evening, when the atmospheric temperature drops to 12 ℃, roll up the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, open the two moving doors, make the greenhouse in a fully open state, and cool down naturally; if the atmospheric temperature is lower than 8 ℃ , put down the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, close the two moving doors, and keep the temperature of the greenhouse at 7-12 ℃ at night; this cycle will continue until the fruit trees are in full bloom;

(5) Blooming period: In February, spray 0.3% borax + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.3 urea, every 3-5 days, spray 2-3 times continuously; during this period, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled during the day At 15-20 ℃, the night temperature is controlled at 7-12 ℃, and the humidity is controlled at 50-70%. The specific method is: every morning when the atmospheric temperature rises to 15 ℃, roll up the waterproof quilt; when the atmospheric temperature rises to 20 ℃ , roll up the plastic plastic film, open the two moving doors, the greenhouse is fully open; if the atmospheric temperature rises to 18 ℃, replenish the water in the plastic film frame, adjust the temperature of the greenhouse, and keep the temperature of the greenhouse during the day at 15-20℃; if the atmospheric temperature is lower than 17℃ during the day, put down the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, close the two moving doors, and keep the temperature in the greenhouse not lower than 15℃; in the evening, when the atmospheric temperature drops to 12℃ When the temperature is lower than 8℃, put down the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, and close the two doors. Move the door to keep the temperature of the greenhouse at 7-12℃ at night; when the humidity in the greenhouse is lower than 55%, use the sprinkler belt in the greenhouse to spray water; when the humidity in the greenhouse is higher than 65%, stop the sprinkler irrigation With water spray, it will be circulated until the peach tree blooms to the young fruit stage; often check the amount of water in the plastic film frame, and keep the water height at least 2-3 cm, below this height, you need to replenish the water in the plastic film frame;

(6) After blooming to young fruit stage: in March, spray 600 times of 50% dysenzine + 10% imidacloprid in leaf bud germination and leaf development stage; use subsurface irrigation device, topdress N:P:K formula It is 1:1:1 water-soluble fertilizer 8 kg/mu, irrigation 2 tons/mu; 7-10 days interval, fertilization 2 times; foliar spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.3% urea strong fruit fertilizer 2-3 time; pruning in summer, thinning out diseased and insect branches, back branches, and prosperous long branches; after the second physiological fruit drop, fruit thinning, short fruit branches and bouquet-like fruit branches leave 1 fruit, and medium and long fruit branches are separated by 10-15 cm. Leave 1 fruit ; Before bagging, spray 70% thiophanate-methyl + 50% chlorothalonil and mix it into 600-800 times of liquid, then add 24% beta-halothrin 15-20ml mixed liquid, and the liquid on the fruit surface is dry The temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 18-28 °C during the day and 10-12 °C at night. The specific method is: every morning when the atmospheric temperature rises to 15 °C, roll up the waterproof quilt; When the atmospheric temperature in the greenhouse rises to 28 °C, roll up the plastic greenhouse film, open the two moving doors, and the greenhouse is in a fully open state; if the atmospheric temperature reaches 29 °C, increase the amount of water in the plastic film frame until the water height reaches 5 cm , regulate the temperature of the greenhouse; keep the temperature of the greenhouse at 18-28 ℃ during the day, if the atmospheric temperature is lower than 19 ℃ during the day, put down the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, close the two moving doors, and keep the temperature in the greenhouse at a constant temperature. Lower than 18°C; in the evening, when the atmospheric temperature drops to 12°C, roll up the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, open the two moving doors, keep the greenhouse in a fully open state, and cool down naturally; if the atmospheric temperature is lower than When the temperature is 8°C, put down the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, close the two moving doors, and keep the temperature of the greenhouse at 10-12°C at night. When the humidity in the greenhouse is lower than 55%, use the sprinkler irrigation tape in the greenhouse Water; when the humidity in the greenhouse is higher than 65%, stop spraying water with the irrigation belt, and cycle to the fruit growth period;

(7) Fruit growth period: in March, pruning in summer, thinning out diseased and insect branches, back branches, over-dense branches, and erect and vigorous branches; spraying 600 times of triconazole + 70% carbendazim; using subsurface irrigation device, topdressing with N:P:K formula of 12:5:40 water-soluble fertilizer 5 kg/mu, irrigation 2 tons/mu; fertilization was applied twice at intervals of 15-20 days; the temperature in the greenhouse during the day was controlled at 18 -28℃, the night temperature is controlled at 10-12℃; the specific method is: every morning when the atmospheric temperature rises to 15℃, roll up the waterproof quilt; when the atmospheric temperature in the greenhouse rises to 28℃, roll up the plastic greenhouse film, Open the two moving doors and the greenhouse is fully open; if the atmospheric temperature reaches 29°C, increase the amount of water in the plastic film frame until the height of the water reaches 5 cm, adjust the temperature of the greenhouse, and keep the temperature of the greenhouse at 18 during the day. -28℃; if the atmospheric temperature is lower than 19℃ during the day, put down the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, close the two moving doors, and keep the temperature in the greenhouse not lower than 18℃; in the evening, when the atmospheric temperature drops to 12℃ , roll up the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, open the two moving doors, make the greenhouse in a fully open state, and cool down naturally; if the atmospheric temperature is lower than 8 ℃, put down the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, and close the two doors. Move the door to keep the temperature of the greenhouse at 7-12℃ at night; when the humidity in the greenhouse is lower than 55%, use the sprinkler belt in the greenhouse to spray water; when the humidity in the greenhouse is higher than 65%, stop the sprinkler belt Water is sprayed in this way until the peach tree fruit harvesting period;

(8) Fruit harvesting period: 10 days before the fruit tree matures, the middle part of the outer bag of the special fruit bag is removed. After the fruit is colored in 7-10 days, the fruit is harvested together with the inner bag; The waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film are rolled up, the greenhouse is fully open, and the greenhouse covering the soil surface is removed, so that the soil is in a natural state;

(9) Preparatory period before dormancy: In late September, the leaves of fruit trees are gradually aging, and the foliage is sprayed with 10% urea + 800 times of mancozeb + 800 times of mancozeb;

Further, the height of the thin steel bar 10 is 10 cm, and one end is inserted into the ground.

Preferably, the height of the water in the mulch frame is 2-5 cm.

Further, the greenhouse frame 1 is constructed with steel pipes and fasteners. The top of the greenhouse frame 1 is provided with a support column 2 every two meters. The top of the support column 2 is fixed with the greenhouse frame 1, and the bottom is buried under the ground. 50cm.

Further, the plastic greenhouse film 7 is covered from top to bottom, and the adjacent sections of each section are overlapped and covered.

Preferably, the thickness of the thermal insulation board 11 is 1 cm.

Further, the lower part of the insulation board 11 is fixed in the soil.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. Fully equipped, flexible and quick to use: Disastrous weather often appears suddenly in winter and spring in low-latitude plateau areas. Even if the weather forecast is accurate, it will not leave too much time for growers to manage greenhouses, while in low-latitude plateau areas in winter and spring Seasonal weather changes extremely violently, from extremely hot to extremely cold very quickly, and it is difficult to cope with severe weather changes if the preparation is not complete. Therefore, the present invention integrates bird-proof nets, plastic greenhouse films, and waterproof quilts. , For the bird-proof net that is needed at any time, it is fixedly installed, and the plastic greenhouse film that is sometimes needed and sometimes unnecessary is installed in sections. Lay down to cover the entire greenhouse. After the thin steel bars of the mulch are tied, the plastic mulch can be disassembled. When there is a frost damage forecast in winter and spring or when the temperature is low at night, the plastic mulch can be quickly spread to form a water film, which can regulate the temperature of the greenhouse and block the infrared radiation of the soil at night. In summer and autumn or during the day when the temperature is high, the plastic mulch can be removed to allow the soil to breathe normally, so that the fruit trees in the greenhouse can be cultivated in the open field.

2. Low-cost and flexible regulation of temperature changes in greenhouses: The disaster-avoiding fruit tree steel-frame greenhouse of the present invention has a low configuration cost, but due to a correct understanding of disaster weather and adequate preparations, it can be effectively avoided in use. In case of climatic disasters such as cold spring, frost, hail, drought, etc., it can make full use of light and heat resources in winter and spring to produce high-quality fruits and vegetables in wrong seasons, and at the same time, it can also prevent birds, mice, squirrels and other animals.

3. The insulation board is installed near the ground 70cm to effectively control the greenhouse environment: from the soil surface to the near-ground space of 70cm above the ground is the low temperature layer. Raising the temperature of this air layer is beneficial to the regulation of the greenhouse thermal insulation environment.

4. Effectively solve the problem of field disasters caused by soil infrared radiation in low-latitude plateau areas: in low-latitude plateau areas, the formation of frost in winter and spring is related to soil infrared radiation. The radiation is strong, and the soil absorbs a large amount of radiant heat energy. At night, this heat energy releases the heat energy absorbed by the soil into the atmosphere in the form of infrared radiation, and the cold air sinks to form frost. The ground water film used in the present invention can effectively It blocks infrared radiation, prevents the loss of soil heat energy, and ensures the temperature of the greenhouse at night.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a front view of a steel frame greenhouse

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the structure at A in FIG. 1 .

In the picture: 1-greenhouse frame, 2-support column, 3-bird-proof net, 4-film roll, 5-quilt roll, 6-waterproof quilt, 7-plastic greenhouse film, 8-moving door, 9- Thick plastic mulch, 10-fine steel bars, 11-insulation board, 12-bottom plastic greenhouse film

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

A method for cultivating disaster-avoidance type fruit tree greenhouses in low-latitude plateau areas, using steel frame greenhouses for disaster-avoidance type fruit trees in low-latitude plateau areas with different structures according to different growth periods and climatic conditions of fruit trees, said low-latitude plateau area disaster-avoidance type fruit tree steel frame The greenhouse includes: a greenhouse frame 1 and a supporting column 2. The greenhouse frame 1 is an arched structure with a semicircular top and a square base. The outer side of the side elevation of the greenhouse frame 1 is covered from the soil surface to the top. Layers of anti-bird nets 3, the anti-bird nets 3 are fixed on the greenhouse frame through lamination strips; the outer sides of the anti-bird nets 3 are provided with plastic greenhouse films 7; The greenhouse film 7 is four sections, which are covered on the greenhouse frame 1 from high to low, and one side of each section of plastic greenhouse film 7 is fixed on the greenhouse frame 1 through the lamination strip, and the other side is rolled on the film roll 4; the greenhouse frame 1. The plastic greenhouse film at the base of the two sides of the facade is divided into two sections. The part of the soil surface up to 70cm is first fixed and covered with the bottom plastic greenhouse film 12, and then the insulation board 11 is fixed and installed on the outside of the bottom plastic greenhouse film 12. Above the plate 11 to the shoulder height of the side elevation of the greenhouse frame, a plastic greenhouse film 7 is set, where one side of the plastic greenhouse film 7 is fixed on the greenhouse frame 1 by a lamination strip, and the other side is rolled on the film roll 4; all film rolls 4 are installed on the outside of the anti-bird net 3; the outside of the plastic greenhouse film 7 is provided with a waterproof quilt 6, and the waterproof quilts 6 on the side elevation of the greenhouse frame 1 are two pieces, which are respectively rolled on the greenhouse frame. 1 on the two quilt rolls 5 at the top; the front facade and the back of the greenhouse frame 1 are provided with a mobile door 8, and the front facade and the back of the greenhouse frame 1 and the outside of the mobile door 8 are respectively fixed and installed with a plastic greenhouse Membrane 7 and waterproof quilt 6, anti-bird net 3 is installed on the greenhouse door frame on the inner side of the moving door 8, here the anti-bird net only fixes the upper part on the greenhouse door frame, and the two sides and the lower part are not fixed; The greenhouse frame 1 is also provided with a covering water film. The covering water film includes a thick plastic mulch 9 and thin steel bars 10. The thick plastic mulch 9 covers the soil surface, and the thick plastic mulch 9 is supported by thin steel bars 10 around it. A mulch frame is formed, and water is stored in the mulch frame;

The specific cultivation methods are as follows:

(1) Early stage of fallen leaves dormancy: in the middle and late September, only the frame of the greenhouse is installed, 600 times of 75% chlorothalonil + 10% imidacloprid + 10% urea is sprayed before the leaves of the fruit trees, and organic fertilizer is applied to the soil in the steel frame greenhouse, and fertilization is applied. The amount of organic fertilizer for each fruit tree is 30-50kg, combined with 5kg/plant of general calcium and 0.3kg/plant of potassium fertilizer, evenly spread the fertilizer on the soil surface of the steel frame greenhouse, and use a small rotary tiller to plough the whole garden to remove the orchard weeds, The fertilizer is turned into the root distribution layer of the fruit tree with a soil depth of 20-40 cm; then the soil surface of the steel frame greenhouse is leveled, and the subsurface irrigation device is used for watering, each fruit tree is 50 kg;

(2) Dormant period of fallen leaves: from late October to early November, pruning, garden cleaning and spraying of 5° lime-sulfur mixture after fruit trees fall; bird-proof nets, plastic greenhouse films and waterproof quilts are installed on the greenhouse frame after the fruit trees fall. , and roll up the plastic greenhouse film and waterproof quilt to the top of the greenhouse; when the night temperature drops to 7.2 ℃ for 10 consecutive days, start to roll up the plastic greenhouse film and waterproof quilt on the inner facade of the greenhouse to the top of the greenhouse after sunset every day At the same time, open the two moving doors to ventilate and keep the low temperature in the shed. When the temperature exceeds 6.0 ℃ after sunrise the next day, put the plastic greenhouse film and waterproof cotton quilt down to the part below the shoulder height of the greenhouse. This cycle to the early stage of flower bud germination;

(3) Early stage of flower bud germination: From December to January, when the flower bud is slightly red, spray 5° lime sulfur mixture + 800 times of 75% chlorothalonil + 10% imidacloprid, use subsurface irrigation device, topdress N:P :K formula is 1:1:1 water-soluble fertilizer 8 kg/mu, irrigation 2 tons/mu; 7-10 days interval, fertilize twice; every morning when the atmospheric temperature rises to 15 ℃, roll up the waterproof quilt, When the temperature rises to 20°C, roll up the plastic greenhouse film, open the two moving doors, and the greenhouse is fully open; if the atmospheric temperature is lower than 17°C during the day, put down the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, and close the two moving doors. Doors, keep the temperature of the greenhouse at 15-20 °C during the day; in the evening, when the atmospheric temperature drops to 8 °C, roll up the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, and open the two moving doors to keep the greenhouse fully open. If the atmospheric temperature is lower than 6 ℃, put down the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, close the two moving doors, and keep the temperature of the greenhouse at 5-8 ℃ at night; this cycle to the flowering period;

(4) From the late stage of flower bud germination to the flowering stage: from January to February, pruning before flowering, pruning off leafless flower branches and thin and weak branches, erasing excessive flower buds, and maintaining a reasonable and even flower spacing; the atmospheric temperature rises to 15 ℃ every morning When the temperature rises to 20°C, roll up the plastic greenhouse film, open the two moving doors, and the greenhouse is fully open; cover the soil surface of the steel greenhouse with a thick plastic film, The mulch film is supported by thin steel bars with a height of 10 cm around the mulch film to form a mulch film frame; the water is put into the mulch film frame, and the height of the water is 2-3 cm to form a covering water film; if the atmospheric temperature rises to 18 ℃, add plastic mulch film Keep the temperature of the greenhouse at 15-20℃ during the day; if the atmospheric temperature is lower than 17℃ during the day, put down the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, close the two moving doors, and keep the temperature in the greenhouse not lower than 15℃. ℃; in the evening, when the atmospheric temperature drops to 12 ℃, roll up the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, open the two moving doors, make the greenhouse in a fully open state, and cool down naturally; if the atmospheric temperature is lower than 8 ℃ , put down the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, close the two moving doors, and keep the temperature of the greenhouse at 7-12 ℃ at night; this cycle will continue until the fruit trees are in full bloom;

(5) Blooming period: In February, spray 0.3% borax + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.3 urea, every 3-5 days, spray 2-3 times continuously; during this period, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled during the day At 15-20 ℃, the night temperature is controlled at 7-12 ℃, and the humidity is controlled at 50-70%. The specific method is: every morning when the atmospheric temperature rises to 15 ℃, roll up the waterproof quilt; when the atmospheric temperature rises to 20 ℃ , roll up the plastic plastic film, open the two moving doors, the greenhouse is fully open; if the atmospheric temperature rises to 18 ℃, replenish the water in the plastic film frame, adjust the temperature of the greenhouse, and keep the temperature of the greenhouse during the day at 15-20℃; if the atmospheric temperature is lower than 17℃ during the day, put down the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, close the two moving doors, and keep the temperature in the greenhouse not lower than 15℃; in the evening, when the atmospheric temperature drops to 12℃ When the temperature is lower than 8℃, put down the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, and close the two doors. Move the door to keep the temperature of the greenhouse at 7-12℃ at night; when the humidity in the greenhouse is lower than 55%, use the sprinkler belt in the greenhouse to spray water; when the humidity in the greenhouse is higher than 65%, stop the sprinkler irrigation With water spray, it will be circulated until the peach tree blooms to the young fruit stage; often check the amount of water in the plastic film frame, and keep the water height at least 2-3 cm, below this height, you need to replenish the water in the plastic film frame;

Fruit trees are most afraid of disasters during the flowering period, and in low-latitude plateau areas, December-February is the dry season. If there is no cold current, the sun will be blazing, and direct sunlight will cause the temperature in the shed to be too high. Then the temperature in the shed will drop rapidly, both of which are unfavorable for fruit trees in the flowering period. Therefore, plastic greenhouse film, waterproof quilt and plastic mulch film covered with water are used to ensure that the temperature of the greenhouse does not exceed the range that the fruit trees can bear.

(6) After blooming to young fruit stage: in March, spray 600 times of 50% dysenzine + 10% imidacloprid in leaf bud germination and leaf development stage; use subsurface irrigation device, topdress N:P:K formula It is 1:1:1 water-soluble fertilizer 8 kg/mu, irrigation 2 tons/mu; 7-10 days interval, fertilization 2 times; foliar spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.3% urea strong fruit fertilizer 2-3 time; pruning in summer, thinning out diseased and insect branches, back branches, and prosperous long branches; after the second physiological fruit drop, fruit thinning, short fruit branches and bouquet-like fruit branches leave 1 fruit, and medium and long fruit branches are separated by 10-15 cm. Leave 1 fruit ; Before bagging, spray 70% thiophanate-methyl + 50% chlorothalonil and mix it into 600-800 times of liquid, then add 24% beta-halothrin 15-20ml mixed liquid, and the liquid on the fruit surface is dry The temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 18-28 °C during the day and 10-12 °C at night. The specific method is: every morning when the atmospheric temperature rises to 15 °C, roll up the waterproof quilt; When the atmospheric temperature in the greenhouse rises to 28 °C, roll up the plastic greenhouse film, open the two moving doors, and the greenhouse is in a fully open state; if the atmospheric temperature reaches 29 °C, increase the amount of water in the plastic film frame until the water height reaches 5 cm , regulate the temperature of the greenhouse; keep the temperature of the greenhouse at 18-28 ℃ during the day, if the atmospheric temperature is lower than 19 ℃ during the day, put down the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, close the two moving doors, and keep the temperature in the greenhouse at a constant temperature. Lower than 18°C; in the evening, when the atmospheric temperature drops to 12°C, roll up the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, open the two moving doors, keep the greenhouse in a fully open state, and cool down naturally; if the atmospheric temperature is lower than When the temperature is 8°C, put down the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, close the two moving doors, and keep the temperature of the greenhouse at 10-12°C at night. When the humidity in the greenhouse is lower than 55%, use the sprinkler irrigation tape in the greenhouse Water; when the humidity in the greenhouse is higher than 65%, stop spraying water with the irrigation belt, and cycle to the fruit growth period;

(7) Fruit growth period: in March, pruning in summer, thinning out diseased and insect branches, back branches, over-dense branches, and erect and vigorous branches; spraying 600 times of triconazole + 70% carbendazim; using subsurface irrigation device, topdressing with N:P:K formula of 12:5:40 water-soluble fertilizer 5 kg/mu, irrigation 2 tons/mu; fertilization was applied twice at intervals of 15-20 days; the temperature in the greenhouse during the day was controlled at 18 -28℃, the night temperature is controlled at 10-12℃; the specific method is: every morning when the atmospheric temperature rises to 15℃, roll up the waterproof quilt; when the atmospheric temperature in the greenhouse rises to 28℃, roll up the plastic greenhouse film, Open the two moving doors and the greenhouse is fully open; if the atmospheric temperature reaches 29°C, increase the amount of water in the plastic film frame until the height of the water reaches 5 cm, adjust the temperature of the greenhouse, and keep the temperature of the greenhouse at 18 during the day. -28℃; if the atmospheric temperature is lower than 19℃ during the day, put down the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, close the two moving doors, and keep the temperature in the greenhouse not lower than 18℃; in the evening, when the atmospheric temperature drops to 12℃ , roll up the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, open the two moving doors, make the greenhouse in a fully open state, and cool down naturally; if the atmospheric temperature is lower than 8 ℃, put down the waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film, and close the two doors. Move the door to keep the temperature of the greenhouse at 7-12℃ at night; when the humidity in the greenhouse is lower than 55%, use the sprinkler belt in the greenhouse to spray water; when the humidity in the greenhouse is higher than 65%, stop the sprinkler belt Water is sprayed in this way until the peach tree fruit harvesting period;

The temperature in the greenhouse during the fruit growth period is very important, which directly affects the fruit yield and taste. The use of plastic greenhouse film, waterproof cotton quilt and plastic mulch film covered with water is used to ensure that the greenhouse temperature is suitable for fruit growth.

(8) Fruit harvesting period: 10 days before the fruit tree matures, the middle part of the outer bag of the special fruit bag is removed. After the fruit is colored in 7-10 days, the fruit is harvested together with the inner bag; The waterproof quilt and plastic greenhouse film are rolled up, the greenhouse is fully open, and the greenhouse covering the soil surface is removed, so that the soil is in a natural state;

(9) Preparatory period before dormancy: In late September, the leaves of fruit trees are gradually aging, and the foliage is sprayed with 10% urea + 800 times of mancozeb + 800 times of mancozeb;

Further, the height of the thin steel bar 10 is 10 cm, and one end is inserted into the ground.

Preferably, the height of the water in the mulch frame is 2-5 cm.

Further, the greenhouse frame 1 is constructed with steel pipes and fasteners. The top of the greenhouse frame 1 is provided with a support column 2 every two meters. The top of the support column 2 is fixed with the greenhouse frame 1, and the bottom is buried under the ground. 50cm.

Further, the plastic greenhouse film 7 is covered from top to bottom, and the adjacent sections of each section are overlapped and covered.

Preferably, the thickness of the thermal insulation board 11 is 1 cm.

Further, the lower part of the insulation board 11 is fixed in the soil.

Only the moving door 8 needs to be opened and closed on the front and back of the greenhouse. Therefore, the front and back of the greenhouse and the outside of the moving door 8 are fixedly installed with plastic greenhouse film 7 and waterproof quilt 6 to cover, and the inside of the moving door 8 is covered. , the front facade and the back of the greenhouse frame 1 also need to install anti-bird nets 3. Here, only the upper part of the anti-bird nets is fixed on the frame of the greenhouse door, and the two sides and the bottom are not fixed. When the moving door 8 is opened , You can roll up the anti-bird net here for people to enter and exit, and put down the anti-bird net immediately after entering and exiting to prevent birds and other animals from entering the shed when the moving door 8 is open. Covering the anti-bird net 3 can effectively prevent birds and mice. , squirrels and other hazards.

The plastic greenhouse film is covered in 7 sections and laminated, which can flexibly control the temperature change of the greenhouse at low cost, effectively avoid climatic disasters such as cold spring, frost, hail, and drought, and make full use of the light and heat resources in winter and spring to produce high-quality out-of-season fruits. .

The outermost layer is equipped with waterproof quilt 6, which can be completely laid down to cover the entire greenhouse to quickly cope with the extreme low temperature weather caused by the common cold current in winter and spring, or it can be placed only at the shoulder height of the greenhouse and only cover the top of the greenhouse to prevent direct sunlight. Soil causes soil temperature to rise too quickly.

The greenhouse of the present invention can be used flexibly according to the temperature required by the greenhouse and changes in the outside temperature.

The disaster-avoiding fruit tree cultivation method in the low-latitude plateau area of the present invention can flexibly regulate the temperature change of the greenhouse at low cost, effectively avoid climatic disasters such as cold spring, frost, hail, drought, etc., fully utilize the light and heat resources in winter and spring, and produce high-quality, Seasonal fruits and vegetables.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments are to be regarded in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, which are therefore intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. All changes within the meaning and range of the equivalents of , are included in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the involved claim.

In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, not each embodiment only includes an independent technical solution, and this description in the specification is only for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should take the specification as a whole , the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementations that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (7)

1. The low-latitude plateau disaster avoiding type fruit tree greenhouse cultivation method is characterized in that low-latitude plateau disaster avoiding type fruit tree steel frame greenhouses with different structures are used according to different fruit tree growth periods and climate conditions, and the low-latitude plateau disaster avoiding type fruit tree steel frame greenhouses comprise: the greenhouse comprises a greenhouse frame (1) and supporting upright posts (2), wherein the greenhouse frame (1) is of an arch structure and is provided with a semicircular top and a square base, a layer of bird prevention net (3) covers the outer side of a side vertical surface of the greenhouse frame (1) from the soil surface to the top, and the bird prevention net (3) is fixed on the greenhouse frame through film pressing strips; a plastic greenhouse film (7) is arranged on the outer side surface of the bird-proof net (3); the plastic greenhouse film (7) on the tops of the vertical surfaces of the two sides of the greenhouse frame (1) are four sections, the plastic greenhouse film covers the greenhouse frame (1) from high to low, one side of each section of plastic greenhouse film (7) is fixed on the greenhouse frame (1) through a film pressing strip, and the other side of each section of plastic greenhouse film is rolled on the film rolling device (4); the plastic greenhouse film at the base parts of the vertical surfaces of the two sides of the greenhouse frame (1) are respectively divided into two sections, the part with the soil surface facing upwards by 70cm is fixedly covered with the plastic greenhouse film (12) at the bottom, then the heat insulation plate (11) is fixedly installed on the outer side of the plastic greenhouse film (12) at the bottom, the plastic greenhouse film (7) is arranged from the position above the heat insulation plate (11) to the high position of the shoulder of the side vertical surface of the greenhouse frame, one side of the plastic greenhouse film (7) is fixed on the greenhouse frame (1) through a film pressing strip, and the other side of the plastic greenhouse film is rolled on; all the film rolling devices (4) are arranged on the outer side of the bird-proof net (3); waterproof quilts (6) are arranged on the outer side of the plastic greenhouse film (7), two waterproof quilts (6) on the side vertical surfaces of the greenhouse frame (1) are respectively rolled on the two quilt rolling devices (5) on the top of the greenhouse frame (1); the greenhouse is characterized in that a movable door (8) is arranged on the front vertical surface and the back surface of the greenhouse frame (1), a plastic greenhouse film (7) and a waterproof cotton quilt (6) are fixedly arranged on the front vertical surface and the back surface of the greenhouse frame (1) and the outer side of the movable door (8) respectively, an anti-bird net (3) is arranged on a greenhouse door frame on the inner side of the movable door (8), the anti-bird net only fixedly arranges the upper part on the greenhouse door frame, and the two sides and the lower part are not fixed; the greenhouse frame (1) is also internally provided with a covering water film, the covering water film comprises a thick plastic mulching film (9) and thin steel bars (10), the thick plastic mulching film (9) is covered on the soil surface, the periphery of the thick plastic mulching film (9) is supported by the thin steel bars (10) to form a mulching film frame, and water is stored in the mulching film frame;

the specific cultivation method comprises the following steps:

(1) in the early stage of dormancy of fallen leaves: in the middle and last ten days of 9 months, only installing a greenhouse frame, spraying 600 times of 75% chlorothalonil + 10% imidacloprid + 10% urea before the fruit trees leave, applying organic fertilizer to the soil in a steel frame greenhouse, wherein the application amount is 30-50kg of organic fertilizer for each fruit tree, 5kg of common calcium and 0.3kg of potassium fertilizer are matched, uniformly spreading the fertilizer on the surface of the soil in the steel frame greenhouse, and turning the orchard weeds and the fertilizer into a fruit tree root distribution layer with the soil depth of 20-40 cm by using a small rotary cultivator to turn the plough all round; then, leveling the soil surface of the steel frame greenhouse, and watering by using an irrigation device under the soil surface, wherein each fruit tree is 50 kg;

(2) leaf fall dormancy stage: in the last ten days of 10 months to the last ten days of 11 months, trimming, clearing the garden and spraying 5-degree lime sulphur mixture after the leaves of the fruit trees fall; after the fruit trees fall off leaves, installing an anti-bird net, a plastic greenhouse film and a waterproof quilt on the greenhouse frame, and rolling the plastic greenhouse film and the waterproof quilt to the top of the greenhouse; when the temperature at night is reduced to 7.2 ℃ and is continuously 10 days later, the plastic greenhouse film and the waterproof cotton quilt on the inner vertical surface of the greenhouse are rolled up to the top of the greenhouse after sunrise every day, two moving doors are opened to ventilate and keep the temperature in the greenhouse low, and when the temperature exceeds 6.0 ℃ after sunrise next day, the plastic greenhouse film and the waterproof cotton quilt are put down to the position below the shoulder height of the greenhouse, preferably the soil in the greenhouse is not irradiated by sunlight, and the process is circulated to the early stage of flower bud germination;

(3) in the early stage of flower bud germination: spraying 5-degree lime sulphur mixture, 800 times of 75% chlorothalonil and 10% imidacloprid when flower buds are slightly red, and topdressing 8 kg/mu of water soluble fertilizer with the formula of N, P, K being 1:1:1 and 2 ton/mu of irrigation by using an irrigation device below the soil surface; fertilizing for 2 times at intervals of 7-10 days; rolling up the waterproof quilt when the atmospheric temperature rises to 15 ℃ every morning, rolling up the plastic greenhouse film when the atmospheric temperature rises to 20 ℃, opening the two movable doors, and keeping the greenhouse in a fully open state; if the atmospheric temperature is lower than 17 ℃ in the daytime, putting down the waterproof cotton quilt and the plastic greenhouse film, closing the two movable doors, and keeping the temperature of the greenhouse at 15-20 ℃ in the daytime; in the evening, when the atmospheric temperature is reduced to 8 ℃, rolling up the waterproof cotton quilt and the plastic greenhouse film, opening two movable doors to enable the greenhouse to be in a fully open state, and naturally cooling; if the atmospheric temperature is lower than 6 ℃, putting down the waterproof cotton quilt and the plastic greenhouse film, closing the two movable doors, and keeping the temperature of the greenhouse at night at 5-8 ℃; circulating to the flowering period;

(4) from late bud germination to flowering: 1-2 months, cutting off leafless flower branches and thin and weak branches before flowering, removing excessive buds, and keeping a reasonable and uniform flower remaining distance; rolling up the waterproof quilt when the atmospheric temperature rises to 15 ℃ every morning; when the atmospheric temperature rises to 20 ℃, rolling up the plastic greenhouse film, opening the two movable doors, and keeping the greenhouse in a fully open state; covering a layer of thick plastic mulching film on the soil surface of the steel frame greenhouse, and supporting the mulching film by thin steel bars with the height of 10cm at the periphery of the mulching film to form a mulching film frame; putting water into the mulching film frame, wherein the height of the water is 2-3 cm, and forming a covering water film; if the atmospheric temperature rises to 18 ℃, supplementing the water in the plastic mulching film frame, and keeping the temperature of the greenhouse in the daytime at 15-20 ℃; if the atmospheric temperature is lower than 17 ℃ in the daytime, putting down the waterproof cotton quilt and the plastic greenhouse film, closing the two movable doors, and keeping the temperature in the greenhouse not lower than 15 ℃; in the evening, when the atmospheric temperature is reduced to 12 ℃, rolling up the waterproof cotton quilt and the plastic greenhouse film, opening two movable doors to enable the greenhouse to be in a fully open state, and naturally cooling; if the atmospheric temperature is lower than 8 ℃, putting down the waterproof cotton quilt and the plastic greenhouse film, closing the two movable doors, and keeping the temperature of the greenhouse at night at 7-12 ℃; the process is circulated to the full-bloom stage of the fruit trees;

(5) full-bloom stage: spraying 0.3% of borax, 0.3% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.3% of urea for 2 months, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times at intervals of 3-5 days each time; the temperature in the greenhouse at daytime is controlled to be 15-20 ℃, the temperature at night is controlled to be 7-12 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 50-70% in the greenhouse at the period, and the specific method comprises the following steps: rolling up the waterproof quilt when the atmospheric temperature rises to 15 ℃ every morning; when the atmospheric temperature rises to 20 ℃, rolling up the plastic greenhouse film, opening the two movable doors, and keeping the greenhouse in a fully open state; if the atmospheric temperature rises to 18 ℃, supplementing the water in the plastic mulching film frame, regulating the temperature of the greenhouse, and keeping the daytime temperature of the greenhouse at 15-20 ℃; if the atmospheric temperature is lower than 17 ℃ in the daytime, putting down the waterproof cotton quilt and the plastic greenhouse film, closing the two movable doors, and keeping the temperature in the greenhouse not lower than 15 ℃; in the evening, when the atmospheric temperature is reduced to 12 ℃, rolling up the waterproof cotton quilt and the plastic greenhouse film, opening two movable doors to enable the greenhouse to be in a fully open state, and naturally cooling; if the atmospheric temperature is lower than 8 ℃, putting down the waterproof cotton quilt and the plastic greenhouse film, closing the two movable doors, and keeping the temperature of the greenhouse at night at 7-12 ℃; when the humidity in the greenhouse is lower than 55%, spraying water by using a sprinkling irrigation belt in the greenhouse; when the humidity in the greenhouse is higher than 65%, stopping spraying water by the spray irrigation belt, and circulating to the young fruit stage after the peach tree withers flowers; checking the water quantity in the mulching film frame frequently, keeping the height of the water at least 2-3 cm, and supplementing the water in the mulching film frame below the height;

(6) withering flowers until young fruit stage: spraying 600 times of 50% zineb and 10% imidacloprid in the leaf bud germination and leaf expanding period for 3 months; c, topdressing 8 kilograms/mu of water-soluble fertilizer with the formula of N, P and K being 1:1:1 and 2 tons/mu of irrigation water by using an irrigation device under the soil surface; fertilizing for 2 times at intervals of 7-10 days; spraying 0.3% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.3% of urea fruit-strengthening fertilizer on leaf surfaces for 2-3 times; pruning in summer to remove branches of diseases and pests, branches on the back and branches with vigorous growth; thinning fruits after the physiological fruit drop for the second time, reserving 1 fruit on the short fruit branches and the bouquet-shaped fruit branches, and reserving 1 fruit on the medium and long fruit branches at an interval of 10-15 cm; spraying 70% thiophanate methyl and 50% chlorothalonil to obtain 800 times of 600-; the temperature in the greenhouse at the daytime is controlled to be 18-28 ℃, the temperature at the night is controlled to be 10-12 ℃, and the specific method comprises the following steps: rolling up the waterproof quilt when the atmospheric temperature rises to 15 ℃ every morning; when the atmospheric temperature in the greenhouse is raised to 28 ℃, rolling up the plastic greenhouse film, opening the two movable doors, and keeping the greenhouse in a fully open state; if the atmospheric temperature reaches 29 ℃, increasing the water amount in the plastic mulching film frame until the height of the water reaches 5cm, and regulating the temperature of the greenhouse; keeping the temperature of the greenhouse at 18-28 ℃ in the daytime, putting down the waterproof cotton quilt and the plastic greenhouse film if the atmospheric temperature is lower than 19 ℃ in the daytime, closing the two movable doors, and keeping the temperature in the greenhouse not lower than 18 ℃; in the evening, when the atmospheric temperature is reduced to 12 ℃, rolling up the waterproof cotton quilt and the plastic greenhouse film, opening two movable doors to enable the greenhouse to be in a fully open state, and naturally cooling; if the atmospheric temperature is lower than 8 ℃, putting down the waterproof cotton quilt and the plastic greenhouse film, closing the two movable doors, keeping the temperature of the greenhouse at night at 10-12 ℃, and spraying water by using a sprinkling irrigation belt in the greenhouse when the humidity in the greenhouse is lower than 55%; when the humidity in the greenhouse is higher than 65%, stopping spraying water by the spray irrigation belt, and circulating to the fruit growing period;

(7) the fruit growing period is as follows: pruning in summer for 3 months to remove branches with diseases and pests, branches with dense branches and upright and vigorous branches; spraying 600 times of myclobutanil and 70% carbendazim; and (3) utilizing an irrigation device below the soil surface, and applying N, P and K according to a formula of 12: 5: 40 of water soluble fertilizer is 5 kg/mu, and 2 tons/mu of water is irrigated; fertilizing for 2 times at intervals of 15-20 days; the temperature in the greenhouse at the daytime is controlled to be 18-28 ℃ and the temperature at the night is controlled to be 10-12 ℃; the specific method comprises the following steps: rolling up the waterproof quilt when the atmospheric temperature rises to 15 ℃ every morning; when the atmospheric temperature in the greenhouse is raised to 28 ℃, rolling up the plastic greenhouse film, opening the two movable doors, and keeping the greenhouse in a fully open state; if the atmospheric temperature reaches 29 ℃, increasing the water amount in the plastic mulching film frame until the height of the water reaches 5cm, regulating and controlling the temperature of the greenhouse, and keeping the temperature of the greenhouse in the daytime at 18-28 ℃; if the atmospheric temperature is lower than 19 ℃ in the daytime, putting down the waterproof cotton quilt and the plastic greenhouse film, closing the two movable doors, and keeping the temperature in the greenhouse not lower than 18 ℃; in the evening, when the atmospheric temperature is reduced to 12 ℃, rolling up the waterproof cotton quilt and the plastic greenhouse film, opening two movable doors to enable the greenhouse to be in a fully open state, and naturally cooling; if the atmospheric temperature is lower than 8 ℃, putting down the waterproof cotton quilt and the plastic greenhouse film, closing the two movable doors, and keeping the temperature of the greenhouse at night at 7-12 ℃; when the humidity in the greenhouse is lower than 55%, spraying water by using a sprinkling irrigation belt in the greenhouse; when the humidity in the greenhouse is higher than 65%, stopping spraying water by the spray irrigation belt, and circulating the process to the peach tree fruit harvesting period;

(8) and (3) fruit harvesting period: removing the middle part of the outer bag of the special fruit bag 10 days before the fruit tree is mature, and harvesting the fruits with the inner bag after the fruits are colored 7-10 days; after fruit harvesting is finished, rolling up the waterproof quilt and the plastic greenhouse film of the greenhouse, enabling the greenhouse to be in a fully-open state, removing the greenhouse mulching film on the surface of the soil, and enabling the soil to be in a natural state;

(9) preparation period before dormancy: in late 9 months, the leaves of the fruit tree are gradually aged, and 10% of urea, 800 times of propargite and 800 times of mancozeb are sprayed on the leaves; and (4) applying base fertilizer on the farmland by using a tractor.

2. The greenhouse cultivation method for disaster-evasive fruit trees in low latitude plateau areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the height of said thin steel bars (10) is 10cm, and one end of each of said thin steel bars is inserted into the ground.

3. The greenhouse cultivation method for fruit trees in low latitude plateau area disaster evasion type as claimed in claim 1, wherein the height of water in the mulching film frame is 2-5 cm.

4. The low latitude plateau disaster evasion type fruit tree greenhouse cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the greenhouse frame (1) is built up by fasteners through steel pipes, a supporting upright post (2) is arranged at the top of the greenhouse frame (1) every two meters, the top of the supporting upright post (2) is fixed with the greenhouse frame (1), and the bottom of the supporting upright post is buried 50cm below the ground surface.

5. The low latitude plateau disaster avoiding type fruit tree greenhouse cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plastic greenhouse film (7) is covered from top to bottom, and the adjacent sections are overlapped.

6. The low latitude plateau disaster avoiding type fruit tree greenhouse cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the heat insulation board (11) is 1 cm.

7. The low latitude plateau disaster avoiding type fruit tree greenhouse cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower part of the insulation board (11) is fixed in the soil.

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