AU2001248807B2 - Fire-Extinguishing Agent, Water for Fire Extinguishing, and Method of Fire Extinguishing - Google Patents
Fire-Extinguishing Agent, Water for Fire Extinguishing, and Method of Fire Extinguishing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU2001248807B2 AU2001248807B2 AU2001248807A AU2001248807A AU2001248807B2 AU 2001248807 B2 AU2001248807 B2 AU 2001248807B2 AU 2001248807 A AU2001248807 A AU 2001248807A AU 2001248807 A AU2001248807 A AU 2001248807A AU 2001248807 B2 AU2001248807 B2 AU 2001248807B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- fire extinguishing
- water
- fire
- extinguishing agent
- polymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 174
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 124
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- -1 methoxyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- QNILTEGFHQSKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propan-2-ylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)NC(=O)C=C QNILTEGFHQSKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-difluorophenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1F PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011557 critical solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940047670 sodium acrylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- WUUHFRRPHJEEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripotassium borate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] WUUHFRRPHJEEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000878 docusate sodium Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical group [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 91
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 27
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 23
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 17
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 15
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 235000019329 dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- YHAIUSTWZPMYGG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;2,2-dioctyl-3-sulfobutanedioate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].CCCCCCCCC(C([O-])=O)(C(C([O-])=O)S(O)(=O)=O)CCCCCCCC YHAIUSTWZPMYGG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 229940048053 acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyloxidanyl Chemical group [O]C GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 5
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003926 acrylamides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 4
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000007863 gel particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003010 ionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002752 Konjac Polymers 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 235000010485 konjac Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical group [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical group [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010559 graft polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(O)(=O)=O JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003405 preventing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- DZSVIVLGBJKQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-methyl-5-propan-2-ylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)propan-1-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)C1CC(C(C)C)CC=C1C DZSVIVLGBJKQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RESPXSHDJQUNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-piperidin-1-ylprop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound C=CC(=O)N1CCCCC1 RESPXSHDJQUNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLPAQAXAZQUXBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pyrrolidin-1-ylprop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound C=CC(=O)N1CCCC1 WLPAQAXAZQUXBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXRGSJAOLKBZLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethenylazepan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1CCCCNC1=O MXRGSJAOLKBZLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MAGFQRLKWCCTQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 MAGFQRLKWCCTQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical group [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001248531 Euchloe <genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001479 Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- MBHRHUJRKGNOKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]methanol Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(NCO)=N1 MBHRHUJRKGNOKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZQSLXQPHPOTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [K+].[K+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 Chemical compound [K+].[K+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 FZQSLXQPHPOTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethenesulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003087 methylethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- DFENKTCEEGOWLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-bis(methylamino)-2-methylidenepentanamide Chemical compound CCCC(=C)C(=O)N(NC)NC DFENKTCEEGOWLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVHHHVAVHBHXAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=O)C=C OVHHHVAVHBHXAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMNKZBIFPJNNIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-methyl-4-oxopentan-2-yl)prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C OMNKZBIFPJNNIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLMRRLLWLSMZLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenyl-2-methylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CC(C)CNC=C XLMRRLLWLSMZLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFHJDMUEHUHAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-tert-butylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XFHJDMUEHUHAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005787 opaque polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000246 remedial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SZHIIIPPJJXYRY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-methylprop-2-ene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=C)CS([O-])(=O)=O SZHIIIPPJJXYRY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q triazanium;borate Chemical group [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0064—Gels; Film-forming compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/0035—Aqueous solutions
- A62D1/0042—"Wet" water, i.e. containing surfactant
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
VERIFICATION OF TRANSLATION I, Isao YONEYA (insert translator's name) ofc/o Hanabusa Patent Office. Shin-Ochanomizu Urban-Trinity Bldg.. 3-2.
Kandasurugadai. Chiyoda-ku. Tokyo. Japan (translator's address) declare as follows: 1. That I am well acquainted with both the English and Japanese languages, and 2. That the attached document is a true and correct translation made by me to the best of my knowledge and belief of: The specification of International Bureau pamphlet numbered WO 02/85460, International Application No. PCT/JP01/03394 November 26. 2002 (Date) (Signature of Translator) (No witness required)
DESCRIPTION
FIRE EXTINGUISHING AGENT, FIRE EXTINGUISHING WATER AND METHOD FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRE Technical Field The present invention relates to a fire extinguishing agent that can keep water for fire extinguishing on a surface of an object to be quenched or the like, a fire extinguishing water and a method for extinguishing fire by using the same.
Background Art Water resources have advantages that those are relatively abundantly present in nature and most convenient to utilize easily. In addition, most of prior fire extinguishing agents have been used by diluting those with a large amount of water as water has many advantages in case where a fire is quenched. First of all, water has a high specific heat and evaporation heat, therefore it causes a evaporative cooling effect. Water removes heats from a burning object with evaporation, and thereby it can lower a temperature of the burning object below its ignition temperature to exert a fire extinguishing effect. Further, when water is completely vaporized in high temperature region, it forms around a burning object a water vapor layer with which an air layer is replaced and thus oxygen required for combustion is blocked thereby it is able to prevent a fire.
On the other hand, when a fire fighting is carried out with water, there are also many serious disadvantages. That is, as water has a low viscosity and good fluidity, it can not remain on a surface of a burning object for a while and tends to fall at once and flow on the ground. In addition, when a heating power in the combustion grows strong, water becomes difficult to go near a surface of a burning object, and a high temperature causes water scattering or evaporation.
Consequently, it is required to spray water continuously for a long time. However, usable water-source is rarely present in dry areas, such as forests and fields, grassy planes or mountains, thus only limited amount of water must be effectively used on a fire in such an area.
Further, on a fire fighting, a large amount of water is fallen and flowed as described above. Therefore, in particular, in case where a fire in an upper story of a high-rise building is quenched, there is a problem causing a secondary accident -1that water is infiltrated into downer stories that have no direct relation with the fire or scattered to neighboring buildings.
In order to resolve these problems resulting from the use of water for extinguishing fire, many remedial measures have been proposed. Among them, there are several methods for inhibiting run-off of water from a burning object, in which is used a mixture obtained by mixing powdery, granular or dispersed liquid polymer get having high water absorption capacity that is not soluble in water, into a fire extinguishing water. For example, U.S. Patent No. 5,190,110 teaches that an adsorptive cross-linked polymer having a particle size ranging from 20 to 500 Am is dispersed into a water-compatible medium such that the viscosity of the resulting gel solution is not over 100 mPa-s. However, this system does not confer a time sufficient to swell upon the adsorptive gel particles that are a carrier for water, and does not have a viscosity sufficient to make the particles adhere to the surface of a burning object on fire fighting.
In addition, Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 05-305153 proposes a use of an adhesive fire extinguishing water that contains an edible konjak-like agglomerate obtained by coagulating konjakmannan particles with a coagulating agent, such as calcium, or that contains a konjak powder. However, as this method uses afire extinguishing water containing water-insoluble konjak, there is a fear that a fire pump, a fire hose or a fire hose nozzle is clogged with the konjak when the fire extinguishing water is spurted.
Further, Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 10-155932 discloses a fire extinguishing composition in which a granular and highly water absorbing polymer is impregnated with a water system fire extinguishing agent having fire extinguishing function, and a fire extinguishing method comprising spraying the composition. However, the publication dose not fully describe a viscosity of water absorbing polymer medium used in fire extinction nor a problem causing a larger agglomerate due to an adhesion between swollen granules.
U.S. Patent No. 4,978,460 teaches to add a water-soluble dispersant suitable to prevent polymer gel particles aggregating each other. When a fire fighting is done with a general length of fire hose using this system, the polymer particles take longer to be swollen and it is necessary to add the polymer gel particles in a high concentration in order to attain a desired amount of absorbed water.
As mentioned above, typical highly water absorbing polymers added in a fire extinguishing water have a large particle size, such as a particle size more than p.m. Therefore, as "water gel" added to a fire extinguishing water is granular and has a solid property, a fire extinguishing apparatus standard at the present state of the art is clogged due to an aggregation of the gel particles when the water gel is spurted from the apparatus. Thus, it is difficult to use the above-mentioned water gel in many fire fightings even though it would not be impossible.
Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 09-140826 discloses a fire preventing and fire extinguishing water containing a water swelling polymer having a small particle size less than 1 pm that is cross-linked in a water-in-oil type and that is generated by a reversed phase polymerization. In addition, the publication emphasizes the use of polymer particles capable of inducing them in a form of liquid into water to be supplied, and teaches the use of highly viscous fluid having a viscosity of 500 to 50000 mPa-s in order to make the water adhere to both vertical surface and horizontal surface of a burning object. Although this system was substantially improved in a solution to the problem of typical and highly water absorbing polymer particles, the water absorbing polymer particles are insoluble in water and have problems that they adhere to a fire extinguisher or causes troubles in its operation.
Therefore, this system is still in the experimental phase.
On the other hand, in fires in general houses, fires resulting from oil used in cooking represented by tempura show a tendency to increase in number more and more in recent years. Taking the housing condition in urban areas into consideration, fires in general houses may cause a good deal of damages.
Therefore, it is necessary to extinguish fire in early stage thereof by a reliable and safe method.
Conventionally, widely used fire extinguishing agents include those of powder system, gas system and water system. In case of fires resulting from tempura oil, it is regarded that the use of a fire extinguishing agent of water system is preferable, as the oil is ignited again unless the temperature of the oil is lowered below its ignition point. However, the prior fire extinguishing agents of water system have problems that they bring about the boil, the extinguishing liquid therein shows alkaline and they make the flame of fires rise up highly.
Taking these problems into consideration, an object of the present invention is to provide a fire extinguishing agent and a fire extinguishing water that can be handled similarly to the prior fire extinguishing waters and that can keep sprayed fire extinguishing water on a surface of a burning object.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a fire extinguishing agent 0 and a fire extinguishing water that exerts excellent fire extinguishing effect even on fires resulting from oil, such as tempura oil.
Disclosure of Invention c The present inventors studied variously looking for a material that water-containing mixture obtained by adding it into a "water" for extinguishing fire is still homogeneous liquid at ambient temperatures, has a relatively low viscosity and fluidity, and thus can be 00 adequately used in a known fire pump and the like, that can gel or solidify in a state oO 0 which the material contains a large amount of water on a surface of a burning object thereby exerting air-blocking and cooling effects, and that can have excellent fire to extinguishing effect even against oil fires. As a result of this, they found that thermosensitive polymers can realize the above-mentioned objects, and completed the present invention.
That is the present invention is as follows: 1. A fire extinguishing agent characterized by comprising a thermosensitive polymer that is water-soluble at a temperature not more than a specific preset temperature and that solidifies by containing water therein at a temperature not less than the preset temperature, in which the preset temperature is 50 to 100 0 C, and wherein whole of an aqueous solution of the fire extinguishing agent prepared so as to contain the thermosensitive polymer in a concentration of 1% solidifies at a temperature of 50 to 100 0 C to form a hydrogel.
2. The fire extinguishing agent as set forth in the item 1, wherein the solidified thermosensitive polymer is a hydrogel; 3. The fire extinguishing agent as set forth in the item 1 or 2, wherein the thermosensitive polymer is a water-soluble polyacrylamide polymer; 4. The fire extinguishing agent as set forth in any one of the items 1 to 3, wherein the thermosensitive polymer is a polymer comprising N-isopropylacrylamide as a main component; The fire extinguishing agent as set forth in any one of the items 1 to 4, wherein the thermosensitive polymer is a polymer obtained by copolymerizing 75 to 99 mol% of N-isopropylacrylamide and 1 to 25 mol% of sodium acrylate; 6. The fire extinguishing agent as set forth in the item 1, wherein the thermosensitive polymer is a cellulose derivative; AH21(865984 1):RTK 7. The fire extinguishing agent as set forth in the item 6, wherein the cellulose derivative has a molecular weight not less than 15000; 8. The fire extinguishing agent according to item 1, wherein the thermosensitive _3 polymer is a cellulose obtained by grafting a vinyl monomer.
9. The fire extinguishing agent as set forth in the item 8, wherein the alkylsubstituted cellulose is composed of mainly methyl cellulose (methoxyl group 26 to 00 33); 00 The fire extinguishing agent as set forth in the item 8, wherein the hydroxyalkylalkyl-substituted cellulose is composed of mainly hydroxypropylmethyl 0to cellulose (methoxyl group 17 to 31, hydroxypropyl group no more than 11. The fire extinguishing agent as set forth in the item 8, wherein the vinyl monomer is one that the homopolymer thereof has a lower critical solution temperature in a state of aqueous solution; 12. The fire extinguishing agent as set forth in the item 8, wherein the vinyl monomer is one having an anion group; 13. A fire extinguishing water characterized by dissolving the fire extinguishing agent as set forth in any one of the items 1 to 12 into water; 14. The fire extinguishing water as set forth in the item 13, containing a fire extinguishing agent, a flameproofing agent or an introfier besides the thermosensitive polymer; The fire extinguishing water as set forth in the item 14, wherein the fire extinguishing agent is one or more selected from ammonium primary (secondary) phosphate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium borate and potassium acetate; 16. The fire extinguishing water as set forth in the item 14, wherein the introfier is dioctylsulfosucuccinate; 17. The fire extinguishing water as set forth in any one of the items 13 to 16, wherein the viscosity of the aqueous solution is 20 to 2000 mPas (30 0 and 18. A method for extinguishing fire characterized by using the fire extinguishing water as set forth in any one of the items 13 to 17.
The thermosensitive polymer used in the present invention is defined as "a thermosensitive polymer that is water-soluble at a temperature not more than a specific AH21(865984 I):RTK preset temperature (hereinafter, referred to as thermosensitive point) and that solidifies (forms water-insoluble hydrogel) at a temperature not less than the thermosensitive point.
h. In the present invention, the thermosensitive polymer is added as a fire extinguishing agent into water for extinguishing fire to give an aqueous solution that has a s fluidity at an ambient temperature and that can be used for extinguishing fire 0 00 0O AH21(865984 1):RTK by using through a conventional fire extinguishing tool, such as a fire pump similarly to a fire extinguishing water. When the aqueous solution is spurted or sprayed to a firing object (a burning object), it remains on the surface of the burning object in the form of gel or solid containing water by means of heat due to burning. Thus, it can extinguish fire, check the spread of fire and prevent re-ignition.
The thermosensitive polymer in the present invention includes, for example a polymer obtained by copolymerizing a vinyl monomer the homopolymer of which has a lower critical solution temperature in water with an other copolymerizable vinyl monomer a cellulose substituted with alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkylalkyl or polyalkyleneoxyl; and a polymer obtained by graft-polymerizing the above-mentioned vinyl polymer (a) or a vinyl monomer having an ionic group with a polymer, such as methyl cellulose or hydroxypropyl cellulose having a lower critical solution temperature in water. Among the above, the polymer described in particularly a water-soluble acrylamide polymer is preferable as the thermosensitive point of the resulting polymer can be easily controlled.
The vinyl monomer for the polymer described in includes, for example N-substituted acrylamide and its derivative, such as N-isopropyl (meth)acrylamide, N-n-propyl (meth)acrylamide, N, N-diethylacrylamide, acryloylpiperidine, acryloylpyrrolidine or vinylcaprolactam, alkylvinylether, such as methylvinylether or ethylvinylether, and N-vinylalkylamide, such as N-vinylisobutylamide.
The vinyl monomer includes, for example a vinyl monomer having ionicity, such as acrylic acid and its salt (sodium salt, potassium salt or calcium salt), 2acrylamide-2-propanesufonic acid and its salt (sodium salt, potassium salt or calcium salt), N,N-dimethylaminopropylacrylamide and its salt (sulphate, monomethyl sulphate, dimethyl sulphate, methyl chloride) or N,Ndimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate and its salt (sulphate, monomethyl sulphate, dimethyl sulphate, methyl chloride), acrylamide derivative, such as acrylamide, diacetone acrylamide or tert-butylacrylamide, and (meth)acrylate, such as methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, butyl (meth)acrylate or hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate.
A specific polymer described in is preferably a polymer that comprises Nisopropylacrylamide as a main component and that is obtained by copolymerizing it with other vinyl monomer and more preferably a polymer obtained by copolymerizing 75 to 99 mol% of N-isopropylacrylamide and 1 to 25 mol% of sodium acrylate as the polymer has an excellent fire extinguishing effect against tempura oil fires or oilstove fires.
The cellulose derivative described in includes, for example an alkylsubstituted cellulose, such as methyl cellulose or ethyl cellulose, hydroxyalkylsubstituted cellulose, such as hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyalkylalkyl-substituted cellulose, such as hydroxyethylmethyl cellulose, hydroxyethylethyl cellulose, hydroxyethylpropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylethyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, polyalkyleneoxyl-substituted cellulose, such as polyethyleneoxyl cellulose or polypropyleneoxyl cellulose, wherein the substituted cellulose derivatives have specific substituents, degree of substitution and molecular weight, and a cellulose derivative obtained by grafting a specific vinyl monomer and/or a specific ionic vinyl monomer into the above-mentioned polymer. These polymers may be used alone or in a combination of two or more polymers. Among the above-mentioned polymers, methyl cellulose and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose are preferable.
Methyl cellulose has a methoxy content ranging from 26.0 to 33.0, preferably from 27.0 to 32.0.
Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose has methoxy and hydroxypropyl contents ranging from 17.0 to 31.0 and not more than 15.0, preferably from 20.0 to 30.0 and not more than 13.0, respectively.
The vinyl monomer having an ionic group for the polymer described in (3) includes, for example a vinyl monomer having an anionic group, such as (meth)acrylate (alkaline metal salt or ammonium salt), 2-(meth)acrylamide-2methylpropane sulfonate (alkaline metal salt or ammonium salt), p-styrene sulfonate (alkaline metal salt or ammonium salt), vinyl sulfonate (alkaline metal salt or ammonium salt), methallyl sulfonate (alkaline metal salt or ammonium salt), 2- (meth)acryloyloxyethane sulfonate (alkaline metal salt or ammonium salt) or mono(2-meth)acryloyloxyethyl) acid phosphate (alkaline metal salt or ammonium salt), a vinyl monomer having a cationic group, such as several quaternary ammonium salts derived from (meth)acrylate derivatives having tertiary amino group, or several quaternary ammonium salts derived from (meth)acrylamide derivatives having tertiary amino group, a monomer of betaine type, such as an intramolecular salt-forming monomer having several amphoteric inonic groups derived from (meth)acrylate derivative having tertiary amino group, or an intramolecular salt-forming monomer having several amphoteric inonic groups -7derived from (meth)acrylamide derivative having tertiary amino group, and an acrylamide derivative having an amino acid salt. These monomers may be used alone or in a combination of two or more monomers. Among the above-mentioned monomers, the vinyl monomer having an anionic group is more preferable, and alkaline metal (meth)acrylate and alkaline metal 2-(meth)acrylamide-2methylpropane sulfonate are particularly preferable. The technique on the graft polymerization is known well at present.
In the polymers prepared by the graft polymerization, a molar ratio of the above-mentioned vinyl monomer and the above-mentioned vinyl monomer (c) having an ionic group varies with kind of monomers used, but it is preferable that an amount of the vinyl monomer is not less than 50 mol%, particularly not less than mol%. When the amount of the vinyl monomer is less than 50 mol%, it is liable not to give an excellent hydrogel due to heat.
Specifically, a method for preparing a polymer can be exemplified as follows.
For example, 80 to 99 mol% of N-isopropyl (meth)acrylamide as vinyl monomer (a) and 1 to 20 mol% of sodium acrylate as vinyl monomer having an ionic group are graft-copolymerized to give a polymer.
The cellulose derivative has preferably a molecular weight not less than 15000, more preferably not less than 50000. When the molecular weight is less than 15000, it is liable that a water-mixture formed by adding the derivative into a fire extinguishing water has no sensitivity to heat.
Solidifying temperature of the thermosensitive polymer is not specifically limited, but it is necessary to be a temperature not less than one that the polymer does not gel at an ambient temperature to a temperature in midsummer, and it is preferable to be set at a temperature between 10 0C and 140°C (a temperature of 100 0 C or more is measured under pressure), particularly between 50°C and 100 0
C.
Further, the present invention provides a fire extinguishing water obtained by dissolving the fire extinguishing agent containing the thermosensitive polymer into water.
Molecular weight and amount to be dissolved in water of the thermosensitive polymer are desirably set so that water containing the thermosensitive polymer can have a viscosity of 20 to 2000 mPa-s (30*C) in a state of solution used for extinguishing fire and at a temperature range in which the thermosensitive polymer is water-soluble. When the viscosity is less than the lower limit, the resulting fire extinguishing water does not fully lead to a hydrogel, therefore it cannot be expected to exert high fire extinguishing and fire-spread preventing effects. On the other hand, when the viscosity is more than the higher limit, it is not preferable as transportation and flashing become difficult.
Although the concentration of the thermosensitive polymer varies depending on the kind and molecular weight thereof, 0.1 to 10% by weight on the basis of the amount of water is desirable, and an aqueous solution of 0.5 to 2% by weight is preferable. When the concentration is less than 0.1% by weight, solidification due to heat is not fully occurred. On the other hand, when the concentration is more than 10% by weight, it is not preferable as the resulting aqueous solution has too high viscosity and less fluidity in some cases.
The fire extinguishing water containing the thermosensitive polymer may contain any agents that have been conventionally used as a fire extinguishing agent, as the occasion demands. It is not any problem to use by mixing and dissolving in the fire extinguishing water, for example a fire extinguishing agent, such as ammonium salts, ammonium primary phosphate, ammonium secondary phosphate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium chloride or ammonium borate, or potassium salts, potassium acetate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium borate or potassium chloride, a flameproofing agent, an anionic surfactant and a surfactant as an introfier, such as sodium dioctylsulfosucuccinate, but also it ensures more effective extinction and fire-spread prevention as the flameproofing agent and the like can be prevented from scattering and run-off by the solidification of the thermosensitive polymer The fire extinguishing water of the present invention may further contain a heat cross-linking agent, such as urea formalin resin, methylol melamine resin or glyoxal, a freezing-point depressant, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin or urea, as the occasion demands.
It is desirable to use the above-mentioned fire extinguishing agent, flameproofing agent, introfier, heat cross-linking agent or freezing-point depressant in an amount of 0.05 to 5% by weight based on the fire extinguishing water. The effect of added agents is low in a case of the amount of 0.05% by weight or less, and the thermosensitive polymer is separated out in a case of the amount 5% by weight or more, therefore these amounts are not preferable.
The fire extinguishing water of the present invention can be used as such for extinction by spraying in a similar manner as the general fire fighting. For example, the fire extinguishing water may be sprayed in a form of mist or water-drop through -9a hose, solidified in the fire and dropped and adhered on the surface of a burning object. Also, the fire extinguishing water may be spurted through a conventional fire hose to a burning object and solidified on the surface thereof.
Further, a previously prepared concentrated solution of a thermosensitive polymer may be sprayed on fire fighting with an addition of water for extinguishing fire.
Best Mode for carrying out the Invention Production examples of the thermosensitive polymer and test examples of the fire extinguishing agent and the fire extinguishing water will hereinafter be described, but the present invention never be limited to these examples. In the meanwhile, a thermosensitive point indicates a temperature at which the viscosity of a prepared aqueous solution exceeds 10000 mPa-s. In addition, means by weight" unless otherwise stated.
Production Example 1: Production of Thermosensitive Polymer A 1360 g of desalted water was charged into a 2-L glass separable flask, and 222.6 g of N-isopropylacrylamide was dissolved therein with stirring. After the resulting solution was cooled to 10°C, 35.5 g of 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid was added and dissolved with stirring. While the solution was kept at a temperature of 15C or below, 48% sodium hydroxide solution was gradually added thereto and pH of the solution was adjusted to 7.0 to give a monomer preparing solution. After the monomer preparing solution was cooled to 00C, it was degassed by bubbling nitrogen gas therein. After degassing, 14.7 ml of aqueous solution of N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine and 7.4 ml of aqueous solution of ammonium peroxo disulphate were added in that order as polymerization initiator to the solution to make a polymerization initiate. When the monomer preparing solution started to increase in viscosity by observation with eyes, stirring and bubbling of nitrogen gas were stopped, and then polymerization reaction was carried out for 16 hours at room temperature under sealing. After the polymerization was completed, the resulting polymer was taken out of the reaction container. The polymer was cut about 5 mm square, dried under vacuum at 40 0
C,
ground and classified to give 260.4 g of thermosensitive polymer A having a particle size of 1 mm or less.
The viscosity of 1% aqueous solution of the resulting polymer A was 1600 mPa-s at 30°C with B type viscometer. In addition, the viscosity of an aqueous solution comprising 1% polymer and 1% ammonium secondary phosphate as a flameproofing agent was 140 mPas at 30'C with B type viscometer. The thermosensitive point: 55 to 600C.
Production Example 2: Production of Thermosensitive Polymer B 1360 g of desalted water was charged into a 2-L glass separable flask, 208.5 g of N-isopropylacrylamide and 26.6 g of 80% aqueous solution of acrylic acid were charged thereinto and the monomer was dissolved therein with stirring. While monomer dissolved solution was kept at a temperature between 15 and 20 0 C, 48% sodium hydroxide solution was gradually added thereto and pH of the solution was adjusted to 7.0 to give a monomer preparing solution. After the monomer preparing solution was cooled to 00C, it was degassed by bubbling nitrogen gas therein. After degassing, 14.7 ml of 10% aqueous solution of tetramethylethylenediamine and 7.4 ml of 10% aqueous solution of ammonium peroxo disulphate were added in that order as polymerization initiator to the solution to make a polymerization initiate. When the monomer preparing solution started to increase in viscosity by observation with eyes, stirring and bubbling of nitrogen gas were stopped, and then polymerization reaction was carried out for 16 hours at room temperature under sealing. After the polymerization was completed, the resulting polymer was taken out of the reaction container. The polymer was cut about 5 mm square, dried under vacuum at 400C, ground and classified to give 230 g of thermosensitive polymer B having a particle size of 1 mm or less.
The viscosity of 1% aqueous solution of the resulting polymer B was 1600 mPa-s at 30CC with B type viscometer. In addition, the viscosity of an aqueous solution comprising 1% polymer and 1% ammonium secondary phosphate as a flameproofing agent was 200 mPas at 300C with B type viscometer. The thermosensitive point: 55 to Production Example 3: Production of Thermosensitive Polymer C Thermosensitive polymer C was prepared by carrying out the procedure similar to that of Production Example 2 except for the use of 29.3 g of 80% aqueous solution of acrylic acid.
The viscosity of 1% aqueous solution of the resulting polymer C was 2000 mPa's at 30°C with B type viscometer. In addition, the viscosity of an aqueous solution comprising 1% polymer and 1% ammonium secondary phosphate as a flameproofing agent was 200 mPas at 30'C with B type viscometer. The therrnosensitive point: 60 to 700C.
-11 Production Example 4: Production of Thermosensitive Polymer D Thermosensitive polymer D was prepared by carrying out the procedure similar to that of Production Example 2 except that a monomer preparing temperature before adding the polymerization initiator was set to The viscosity of 1% aqueous solution of the resulting polymer D was 600 mPas at 300C with B type viscometer. In addition, the viscosity of an aqueous solution comprising 1% polymer and 1 ammonium secondary phosphate as a flameproofing agent was 150 mPa-s at 30'C with B type viscometer. The thermosensitive point: 60 to 700C.
Test Example 1 1 g of thermosensitive polymer B was mixed and dissolved into 99 g of water containing 0.5% of ammonium secondary phosphate as a flameproofing agent. ml of the resulting aqueous solution of polymer was placed in a glass screw test tube of 18 mm inner diameter and 180 mm length, sealed, heated at an arbitrary temperature and confirmed whether or not the solution had fluidity by observation with eyes. The results are indicated in Table 1. In the table, the indication "O" means that the whole of the solution is in a solid state (in a state of hydrogel) and the solution is not fluidized at all even when the test tube is slanted; the indication means that most of the solution is in a thicken state, but any fluidity can still be confirmed; and the indication x means the solution is in a liquid state having fluidity.
Table 1: Results of temperature sensitivity test Temperature 0C) 40 50 55 60 65 70 State of Solution x x A O O O O In the meantime, the viscosity of 0.5% aqueous solution of ammonium secondary phosphate in which only ammonium secondary phosphate was dissolved without using thermosensitive polymer B was measured at the abovementioned temperature with B type viscometer. Consequently, the solution had a viscosity of 10 mPa-s or less at a temperature of 75 0 C or below.
Test Example 2 -12- 1) Composition of Aqueous Solution of Thermosensitive Polymer The composition of aqueous solutions of thermosensitive polymer used for the present test is shown in Table 2. Demineralized water was used as water and several components by weight) were added thereto thereby adjusting the whole to 100% by weight. In the table, DOSS-Na means sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate.
2) Measurement of Viscosity of Solutions Each viscosity of solutions 1 and 2 shown in Table 2, a solution (solution 3A) that 1% of ammonium secondary phosphate was added to solution 3 and a solution (solution 3B) that 1% of ammonium hydrogen phosphate and 0.1% of sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate was added to solution 3 is shown in Table 3.
Table 2 Component Solution 1 Solution 2 Solution 3 Thermosensitive Polymer A Thermosensitive Polymer B Thermosensitive Polymer C
NH
4
H
2
PO
4 1.0 DOSS-Na 0.1 0.1 Demineralized Water Reminder Reminder Reminder Table 3 Temperature Solution 1 Solution 2 Solution 3A Solution 3B 240 140 200 180 140 40 120 150 870 9,650 200 100 18,800 84,000 10,000 700 25,000 23,000 3) Temperature Sensitivity Test of Solutions Test Method: i) The solution to be tested (sample) was added dropwise in an amount of 10 g, or 50g on a metal plate of 13 cm diameter uniformly heated at 250 0 C and 13the exchange of state was observed.
ii) The sample was warmed at a temperature near the thermosensitive point in a thermostat until the sample reached to an even temperature, and gelation thereof or perfectly solidified state was observed.
iii) Heating and cooling of the sample were repeated and the exchange of state was observed.
Result 1: The results of test methods 1 and 2 are shown in Table 4. The length of time required for the moisture in the sample to evaporate from dropwise addition of the sample on the heated plate (test method 1) and whether or not the sample was solidified by warming it on the metal plate (test method 2) were determined.
-14- Table 4: The time and state from dropwise addition of the sample on the plate heated at 250 0 C to evaporation Time required to evaporate Sample minute; "=_second)f Solidified state l0 g 20 g S0 g Water 1'22'23 2'02"54 6'59"69 Solution 1 Solution 1 only 15' or more 0 Solution 1: Water 2: 1 9'48"43 14'28"20 0 Solution 1: Water 1:1 5'20"90 0 Solution 1: Water 1:4 3'06"06 A Solution 1: Water 1:10 2'22"57 3'31 "06 5'15"84 x Solution 1: Water 1:50 1 '38'45 x Solution 2 Solution 2 only 15' or more 0 Solution 2: Water 2: 1 14'05"30 0 Solution 2: Water =1I:-1 8'34"O01 0 Solution 2 :Water 1: 4 2'40"62 3'50'21 A Solution 2 :Water 1:10 2'04"02 2'44"59 5'29"04 x Solution 2 :Water 1: 50 1'10"57 2'23"04 5'22"75 x Solution 3 Solution 3 only 14'1577 0 Solution 3: Water 2: 1 14'05"30 0 Solution 3: Water 1:1 8'46"41 0 Solution 3 Water 1: 4 2'47'43 3'25"83 1 3'45"83 A Solution 3 Water 1: 10 3'16"76 4'34"67 11'45'34 x Solution 3A Solution 3A: Water 1: 1 20'08"85 23'41 "93 38'14"55 0 Solution 3A: Water 1: 2.5 15'49"73 23'06"30 0 Solution 3A Water 1: 4 3'09"78 4'1 7"1l5 7'29"56 0 Solution 3A: Water 1: 10 2'40"53 4'39"32 10'09"46A Note: The indication means that the sample solidifies completely. The indication means that the sample solidifies but is sponge-like. The indication "x"means that the sample dose not solidify.
In the meantime, when the sample was added dropwise on the plate, water was scattered but other components were not.
It is clear from the table indicated above that a solution in which about 4-fold amount of water is added to 2% aqueous solution of thermosensitive polymer also solidifies by warming. It is able to keep about 250-fold amount of water based on the amount of thermosensitive polymer.
Result 2: A solution (solution 3A water 1 1) in which an equivalent amount of water was added to the above-mentioned solution 3A was used as a sample in test method iii), the sample solidified by heating at 250'C was left at an ambient temperature, and the state exchange of the sample was observed depending on a lowering of the temperature. The results are shown in Table Table Sample (Solution 3A: Water 1 1) Time Temperature Solidified State (0C) 0 250 Complete solidification 1 89 Complete solidification 4 61 Complete solidification 56 Complete solidification 6 45 Softening (no fluidity) 41 Softening (no fluidity) 34 Liquefying (no fluidity) As clear from also the results shown in Table 5, after the fire extinguishing water of the present invention solidifies once, the solidified water remains on the face of a burning object and is not run off even when it is cooled to a temperature near an ambient temperature.
Test Example 3 A combination of the fire extinguishing agent or water of the present invention with a conventional fire extinguishing agent or other components was examined.
Aqueous solutions in which thermosensitive polymer C prepared in Production 16 Example 3 as a thermosensitive polymer is contained in a proportion shown in Table 6 was observed on the solidified state at each temperature. The results are shown in Table 6.
Table 6 Composition Temperature 65 70 Polymer C 1% O white X separation X Ammonium jelly-like into white material ditto to left ditto to left Phosphate 1% and liquid Polymer C 1% Ammonium white solid ditto to left ditto to left ditto to left Phosphate 0.5% Polymer C 0.5% O O Ammonium white, white ditto to left ditto to left ditto to left Phosphate 0.5% opaque Polymer C 0.5% O 0 O jelly-like, Ammonium transparent a little white drop in separation into Phosphate 0.25% viscosity two phases Polymer C 1% A 0 Na 2
CO
3 1% jelly-like Polymer C 1% A A Na 2
CO
3 0.5% jelly-like Polymer C 0.5% x x x A NaCO 3 Polymer C 0.5% x A A A NaCO 3 1% Note: The indication means that the sample is complete solid, the indication "O" means that the sample is solid (inferior to the indication means that the sample is solidified but separated partly, the indication means that the sample is soft (is not solid), and the indication x" means that the sample is complete liquid.
As clear from the results shown in Table 6, the fire extinguishing water of the present invention solidifies even when other flamproofing agent (ammonium phosphate) and inorganic material (sodium carbonate) are dissolved therein. This means that the fire extinguishing water of the present invention can use water in rivers.
Test Example 4 -17- 100 g of thermosensitive polymer synthesized in Production Example 1 as a fire extinguishing agent, 50 g of ammonium secondary phosphate and 5 g of sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate were dissolved in 4845 g of tap water to give a fire extinguishing water. 3-L of the obtained fire extinguishing water was charged into a fire extinguisher with a nozzle of 2 mm) diameter (produced by Hatta Co., Ltd.: a fire extinguisher for fire-fighting exercise; Tester and a pressure in the extinguisher was increased to 5 x 105 Pa with nitrogen gas. After a fire was set up to a stacked woods prepared by piling up 20 layers each of which is composed of five pine bars (each bar of 3 cm square and 50 cm length) in parallel, and the stacked woods were in a independent burning state, a fire fighting test was done by spraying the fire extinguishing water from the fire extinguisher to the stacked woods.
The test was repeated 10 times under same condition, and average time (second) from start of water-spraying to extinction of flame and amount of water (kg) used during the period were measured. Consequently, the fire extinguishing water had 96.7 kg.s of a fire-extinction efficiency calculated by multiplying the average time by the amount of water. Further, during fire fighting and immediately after extinction of flame, it was not recognized that the sprayed fire extinguishing water was scattered or run off.
Test Example A fire fighting test was carried out by the procedure similar to that of Test Example 4 except for the use of a fire extinguishing water prepared by dissolving g of thermosensitive polymer synthesized in Production Example 1, 50 g of ammonium secondary phosphate and 5 g of sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate in 4845 g of tap water. Consequently, the fire extinguishing water had 100 kg.s of a fireextinction efficiency. Further, during fire fighting and immediately after extinction of flame, it was not recognized that the sprayed fire extinguishing water was scattered or run off.
Test Example 6 A fire fighting test was carried out by the procedure similar to that of Test Example 4 except for the use of 3 kg of 1% aqueous solution prepared with 100 g of thermosensitive polymer synthesized in Production Example 4. Consequently, the fire extinguishing water had 97.6 kg-s of a fire-extinction efficiency. Further, during fire fighting and immediately after extinction of flame, it was not recognized that the sprayed fire extinguishing water was scattered or run off, and nor that the stacked woods were fired again even when they were left for 1 hour after fire control.
-18- Test Example 7 A fire fighting test was carried out by the procedure similar to that of Test Example 4 except for the use of a fire extinguishing water prepared by dissolving g of thermosensitive polymer synthesized in Production Example 4, 50 g of ammonium secondary phosphate and 5 g of sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate in 4845 g of tap water. Consequently, the fire extinguishing water had 58.3 kg.s of a fireextinction efficiency. Further, during fire fighting and immediately after extinction of flame, it was not recognized that the sprayed fire extinguishing water was scattered or run off.
Test Example 8 979 g of pure water, 10 g of methyl cellulose (methoxyl content 29.8%, molecular weight 350,000), 10 g of ammonium secondary phosphate and 1 g of sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate were placed in 1-L beaker, mixed and dissolved. The viscosity of the resulting 1 aqueous solution of polymer was 277 mPa-s at with B type viscometer. Further, the thermosensitive point of the solution was 45 to 0
C.
3L of the fire extinguishing water prepared as described above was charged in a water fire extinguisher and a pressure in the extinguisher was increased to 7 x 105 Pa with compressed air. A fire fighting test was carried out by the procedure similar to that of Test Example 4 with the extinguisher. Consequently, the fireextinction efficiency in this test was 80.2 kg-s.
Test Example 9 979 g of pure water, 10 g of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (methoxyl content 29.0%, hydroxypropoxyl content molecular weight 380,000), 10 g of ammonium secondary phosphate and 1 g of sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate were placed in 1-L beaker, stirred and dissolved. The viscosity of the resulting 1% aqueous solution of polymer was 290 mPa-s at 20 0 C with B type viscometer.
Further, the thermosensitive point of the solution was 65 to 3L of the fire extinguishing water prepared as described above was charged in a water fire extinguisher and a pressure in the extinguisher was increased to 7 x 105 Pa with compressed air. A fire fighting test was carried out by the procedure similar to that of Test Example 4 with the extinguisher. Consequently, the fireextinction efficiency in this test was 90.2 kg-s.
Test Example g of methyl cellulose (methoxyl content 29.6%, molecular weight 120,000) -19was added in 990 g of an aqueous solution containing 2.0% of ammonium secondary phosphate as a flameproofing agent and of 0.2% of sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate as an introfier in 1-L beaker, stirred and dissolved. The viscosity of the resulting 1% aqueous solution of polymer was 26 mPa-s at 20 0
C
with B type viscometer. Further, the thermosensitive point of the solution was 55 to 0
C.
3L of the fire extinguishing water prepared as described above was charged in a water fire extinguisher and a pressure in the extinguisher was increased to 7 x Pa with compressed air. A fire fighting test was carried out by the procedure similar to that of Test Example 4 with the extinguisher. Consequently, the fireextinction efficiency in this test was 102.5 kg.s.
Comparative Test Example 1 A fire fighting test was carried out by the procedure similar to that of Test Example 4 except for the use of a fire extinguishing water prepared by dissolving g of ammonium secondary phosphate and 5 g of sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate in 4945 g of tap water Consequently, the fire extinguishing water had 132.2 kg.s of a fire-extinction efficiency. Further, during fire fighting and immediately after extinction of flame, it was recognized that the sprayed fire extinguishing water was scattered or run off.
Comparative Test Example 2 A fire fighting test was carried out by the procedure similar to that of Test Example 4 except for the use of tap water as a fire extinguishing water.
Consequently, the fire extinguishing water had 255.2 kg-s of a fire-extinction efficiency. Further, during fire fighting and immediately after extinction of flame, it was recognized that the sprayed fire extinguishing water was scattered or run off.
Further, the stacked woods were fired again to a state akin to burning state about 20 minutes after the fire control was completed.
Test Example 11 500 ml of soybean oil in a round-bottomed pan of 250 mm diameter and mm depth was heated on a stove and ignited a fire. 30 seconds after the fire was ignited, 300 ml of 1% aqueous solution of thermosensitive polymer B synthesized in Production Example 2 in stainless steel jug with a handle was poured in the pan all at once, the time from the pour of the solution to extinction was measured, and the state of flame was observed with eyes. Consequently, the time required to extinction was 3 seconds, and it was not observed that the flame blazed up from the 20 pour of the fire extinguishing solution to extinction. Further, after extinction it was recognized that the pan was covered with a film-like hydrogel made of the fire extinguishing agent, and the oil did not ignite again.
Test Example 12 A test was carried out by the procedure similar to that of Test Example 11 except for the use of a fire extinguishing water comprising 1% of thermosensitive polymer B, 1% of ammonium secondary phosphate and 0.1% of sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate. Consequently, the time required to extinction was 7 seconds, and it was not observed that the flame blazed up from the pour of the fire extinguishing solution to extinction. Further, after extinction it was recognized that coagulates of hydrogel made of the fire extinguishing agent were present in the oil, and the oil did not ignite again.
Test Example 13 A test was carried out by the procedure similar to that of Test Example 11 except for the use of a fire extinguishing water comprising 1% aqueous solution of thermosensitive polymer D prepared in Production Example 4. Consequently, the time required to extinction was 2 seconds, and it was not observed that the flame blazes up from the pour of the fire extinguishing solution to extinction. Further, after extinction it was recognized that that the pan was covered with a film-like hydrogel made of the fire extinguishing agent, and the oil did not ignite again.
Test Example 14 g of methyl cellulose (methoxyl content 29.8%, molecular weight 350,000) was added to 990 g of pure water in 1-L beaker, dispersed and dissolved with stirring. The viscosity of the resulting 1% aqueous solution of polymer was 255 mPa-s at 20 0 C with B type viscometer. Further, the thermosensitive point of the solution was 55 to 60 0
C.
A test was carried out by the procedure similar to that of Test Example 11 except for the use of the aqueous solution. Consequently, the time required to extinction was 16 seconds, and the flame diffused slightly from the pour of the fire extinguishing solution to extinction.
Test Example g of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (methoxyl content 29.0%, hydroxypropoxyl content molecular weight 380,000) was added to 990 g of pure water in 1-L beaker, dispersed and dissolved with stirring. The viscosity of the resulting 1% aqueous solution of polymer was 268 mPa-s at 20 0 C with B type 21 viscometer. Further, the thermosensitive point of the solution was 70 to 75 0
C.
A test was carried out by the procedure similar to that of Test Example 11 except for the use of the aqueous solution. Consequently, the time required to extinction was 13 seconds, and the flame diffused slightly from the pour of the fire extinguishing solution to extinction.
Comparative Test Example 3 A test was carried out by the procedure similar to that of Test Example 11 except for the use of an aqueous solution prepared by dissolving potassium acetate and potassium tetra-borate in a proportion of 25% and Consequently, the time required to extinction was 9 seconds, but the flame blazed up immediately after the pour of the fire extinguishing solution and oil was scattered around. After extinction, re-ignition was not recognized.
Effect of the Invention It is necessary to meet the following conditions in order to use water containing the thermosensitive polymer of the present invention as a fire extinguishing water: i) the water is still liquid at a temperature between an ambient temperature and a temperature a little higher than an ambient temperature as it is used in fire fighting; ii) the water is solidified immediately by only combustion heat due to a fire; iii) the water is not decomposed even when it is subjected to heat of a fire; and iv) the water is not fluidized even when a burned object is cooled to an ambient temperature after extinction.
It is recognized from the above-mentioned Test Examples that the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention and fire extinguishing water prepared by dissolving it in water meet these conditions and that the agent and water have effects sufficient for extinguishing fire and checking the spread of fire.
Although a solution containing 2% thermosensitive polymer as a stock solution for adjustment have a viscosity 60 to 300 times higher than water, the solution is stable in a state of liquid up to about 60°C, therefore the solution can be used with water for extinguishing fire without solidification as a concentrate solution in a fire.
In addition, when the solution is used along with water in rivers, the fire extinguishing water prepared therefrom can be solidified similarly. Therefore, the solution can be used also for forest and wood fires besides fires in urban area and oil fires.
22
Claims (17)
1. A fire extinguishing agent characterized by comprising a thermosensitive polymer that is water-soluble at a temperature not more than a specific preset temperature and that solidifies by containing water therein at a temperature not less than the preset temperature, in which the preset temperature is 50 to 100 0 C, and wherein whole of an aqueous solution of the fire extinguishing agent prepared so as to contain the 00 thermosensitive polymer in a concentration of 1% solidifies at a temperature of 50 to 00 100 0 C to form a hydrogel.
2. The fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, wherein the solidified ito thermosensitive polymer is a hydrogel.
3. The fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thermosensitive polymer is a water-soluble polyacrylamide polymer.
4. The fire extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the thermosensitive polymer is a polymer comprising N-isopropylacrylamide as a main component. The fire extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the thermosensitive polymer is a polymer obtained by copolymerizing 75 to 99 mol% of N-isopropylacrylamide and 1 to 25 mol% of sodium acrylate.
6. The fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, wherein the thermosensitive polymer is a cellulose derivative.
7. The fire extinguishing agent according to claim 6, wherein the cellulose derivative has a molecular weight not less than 15000.
8. The fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, wherein the thermosensitive polymer is a cellulose obtained by grafting a vinyl monomer.
9. The fire extinguishing agent according to claim 8, wherein the alkyl- substituted cellulose is composed of mainly methyl cellulose (methoxyl group 26 to 33). AH21(865984 1):RTK -F. The fire extinguishing agent according to claim 8, wherein the hydroxyalkylalkyl-substituted cellulose is composed of mainly hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (methoxyl group 17 to 31, hydroxypropyl group no more than
11. The fire extinguishing agent according to claim 8, wherein the vinyl monomer is one that the homopolymer thereof has a lower critical solution temperature in a state of aqueous solution.
12. The fire extinguishing agent according to claim 8, wherein the vinyl monomer is one having an anion group.
13. A fire extinguishing water characterized by dissolving the fire extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 12 into water.
14. The fire extinguishing water according to claim 13, containing a fire extinguishing agent, a flameproofing agent or an introfier besides the thermosensitive polymer. The fire extinguishing water according to claim 14, wherein the fire extinguishing agent is one or more selected from ammonium primary (secondary) phosphate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium borate and potassium acetate.
16. The fire extinguishing water according to claim 14, wherein the introfier is dioctylsulfosuccinate.
17. The fire extinguishing water according to any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the viscosity of the aqueous solution is 20 to 2000 mPa-s
18. A method for extinguishing fire characterized by using the fire extinguishing water according to any one of claims 13 to 17. -24-
19. A fire extinguishing agent as defined in claim 1 and substantially as herein described with reference to any one of Test Examples 1 to 15 but excluding any comparative examples therein and the Comparative Test Examples. c
20. A fire extinguishing agent as defined in claim 1 wherein the thermosensitive polymer is substantially as herein described with reference to any one of Production Examples 1 to 4. 00 Dated 11 July, 2007 00 Kohjin Co., Ltd. Patent Attorneys for the Applicant/Nominated Person SPRUSON FERGUSON AH21(865984 1):RTK
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2001/003394 WO2002085460A1 (en) | 2001-04-20 | 2001-04-20 | Fire-extinguishing agent, water for fire extinguishing, and method of fire extinguishing |
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| AU2001248807A1 AU2001248807A1 (en) | 2003-04-17 |
| AU2001248807B2 true AU2001248807B2 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| US (1) | US20030159836A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1380322A4 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100382862C (en) |
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| CA (1) | CA2413152A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA02012473A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002085460A1 (en) |
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- 2001-04-20 AU AU2001248807A patent/AU2001248807B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-04-20 MX MXPA02012473A patent/MXPA02012473A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-04-20 EP EP01921947A patent/EP1380322A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-04-20 CN CNB018115470A patent/CN100382862C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-04-20 CA CA002413152A patent/CA2413152A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-20 BR BR0112293-2A patent/BR0112293A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-04-20 US US10/296,922 patent/US20030159836A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-20 WO PCT/JP2001/003394 patent/WO2002085460A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01166777A (en) * | 1987-12-23 | 1989-06-30 | Yamato Protec Co | Fire extinguishing agent composition |
| US5496475A (en) * | 1992-10-30 | 1996-03-05 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Low viscosity polar-solvent fire-fighting foam compositions |
| US5989446A (en) * | 1995-11-14 | 1999-11-23 | Stockhausen, Inc. | Water additive and method for fire prevention and fire extinguishing |
| JPH10211296A (en) * | 1997-01-31 | 1998-08-11 | Otsuka Chem Co Ltd | Chemical fire extinguisher |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20030159836A1 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
| WO2002085460A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
| EP1380322A4 (en) | 2010-07-07 |
| MXPA02012473A (en) | 2006-02-10 |
| BR0112293A (en) | 2003-07-01 |
| EP1380322A1 (en) | 2004-01-14 |
| CN100382862C (en) | 2008-04-23 |
| CA2413152A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
| CN1437497A (en) | 2003-08-20 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PC1 | Assignment before grant (sect. 113) |
Owner name: KOHJIN CO., LTD. Free format text: FORMER APPLICANT(S): KOHJIN CO., LTD.; CITY OF KOBE |
|
| FGA | Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent) | ||
| MK14 | Patent ceased section 143(a) (annual fees not paid) or expired |