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POLITIK HUKUM INDONESIA DALAM IMPLEMENTASI KONVENSI JENEWA 1949 TENTANG LAMBANG PALANG MERAH Arlina Permanasari
Masalah-Masalah Hukum Vol 47, No 4 (2018): MASALAH-MASALAH HUKUM
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Diponegoro

Ratifikasi Konvensi Jenewa 1949 dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 59 Tahun 1958 mewajibkan Indonesia mengimplementasikan ketentuan tentang lambang Palang Merah. Adanya Keppres RIS Nomor 25 Tahun 1950, Peperti Nomor 1 Tahun 1962, Pasal 6 ayat(3b) Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2001 tentang Merek, dan Pasal 508-565 KUHP dianggap tidak memadai mengingat masih terdapat pelanggaran baik oleh perorangan maupun lembaga. Tulisan ini membahas perkembangan politik hukum dalam pembentukan aturan tentang lambang dalam periode 2010-2018. Berdasarkan analisis, faktor politik yang tercermin dalam partai politik dan faktor normatif berupa produk hukum yang saling bertentangan, dipengaruhi faktor sosial-ideologi yang mengidentikkan lambang Palang Merah dengan agama tertentu. Oleh karena itu setiap produk perundang-undangan harus tetap memperhatikan konsistensi dengan perundang-undangan lainnya dan menyesuaikan pengaruh sosial politik dan ideologi sejalan dengan Pancasila dan UUD 1945.

Penafsiran Hukum tentang “Partisipasi Langsung dalam Permusuhan” dalam Kasus-kasus Kejahatan Perang Arlina Permanasari
Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM Vol. 25 No. 3: SEPTEMBER 2018
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/iustum.vol25.iss3.art5

Theterm "Direct Participation in Hostilities" is a term contained in the 1949 Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols of 1977, which gave rise to various legal interpretations. The two international agreements do not provide a definition or further explanation. The problem that arises from this obscurity of interpretation is how judges conduct an analysis of whether someone can be considered as participating in an act of hostility in an armed conflict in war crimes. This research is normative with an analytical descriptive approach towards primary and secondary legal materials obtained from literature studies and analyzed qualitatively based on international humanitarian law. This research aims to identify the interpretation used in the final verdicts of international court on "direct participation in hostilities." The results show that in overcoming the lack of understanding of the term, the ICRC issues an "Interpretive Guidance" that is not legally binding. Although it creates controversy and is not a legal document, the approach adopted in the "interpretive guidance" turns out to have been used as a discussion material making verdicts, but has not been fully used by the judge as a binding legal basis in war crimes.

MENGGALI ELEMEN HUKUM KEBIASAAN HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN LINGKUNGAN ALAM DALAM LATIHAN TEMPUR TNI Arlina Permanasari
Bina Hukum Lingkungan Vol 5, No 2 (2021): Bina Hukum Lingkungan
Publisher : Pembina Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia (PHLI)

ABSTRAKLatihan tempur Angkatan Bersenjata sangat diperlukan untuk membangun militer yang kuat, namun jika dilakukan secara kontinyu dalam waktu lama akan menimbulkan kerusakan lingkungan alam. Karenanya latihan tempur harus ramah lingkungan dan memperhatikan alat serta cara berperang baik pada saat maupun setelah pelaksanaan latihan. Penelitian normatif ini menganalisis elemen materiil dan psikologis berupa aturan nasional dan kebijakan yang berkaitan dengan latihan tempur TNI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa elemen hukum kebiasaan humaniter internasional telah diinternalisasikan dalam aturan internal TNI, namun masih memerlukan aturan pelaksanaan pada tingkat taktis-operasional. Kata kunci: hukum kebiasaan humaniter internasional; latihan tempur; perlindungan lingkungan alam.ABSTRACTArmed Forces combat training is very essential to build a strong military force, but if conducted continuously for a long time it will cause damage to the natural environment. Therefore combat training must be environmentally friendly and consider the means and methods of warfare during and after the training. This normative research analyses material and psychological elements in the form of national regulations and policies related to Indonesian Armed Forces combat training. The result shows that elements of customary international humanitarian law have been internalized in TNI regulations, but still requires implementing regulations at the tactical-operational level.Keywords: combat training; customary international humanitarian law; protection of natural environment.

DISEMINASI HUKUM HUMANITER TENTANG PIHAK DALAM KONFLIK BERSENJATA INTERNAL UNTUK MENDUKUNG WAWASAN KEBANGSAAN DI ERA PANDEMI COVID-19 Arlina Permanasari; Maya Notoprayitno; Jun Justinar
Jurnal AKAL : Abdimas dan Kearifan Lokal Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): Jurnal AKAL : Abdimas dan Kearifan Lokal
Publisher : Universitas Trisakti

Sejak Januari 2020 kembali marak berita tentang kontak tembak antara Kelompok Kriminal Bersenjata (KKB) dan anggota TNI/Polri yang terjadi di Intan Jaya, Papua. Walaupun konflik di Intan Jaya diduga telah dimulai sejak 2014, namun terjadi peningkatan intensitas konflik pada tahun 2020. Apakah memang benar Indonesia sedang menghadapi perang atau konflik bersenjata non-internasional (KBNI)? Hal ini dapat menimbulkan keresahan dalam masyarakat yang bermuara pada rentannya wawasan kebangsaan yang seharusnya justru menguat di era pandemi Covid-19. Berdasarkan situasi tersebut, Pusat Studi Hukum Humaniter dan HAM (terAs) FH USAKTI melakukan diseminasi melalui seminar daring guna membahas KBNI menurut hukum humaniter dan hukum nasional yakni tentang status hukum para pihak dalam KBNI praktik negara perlindungan korban dan peran perwira hukum militer dalam operasi militer terkait KBNI. Diseminasi berupa teori dasar KBNI, studi kasus serta implementasi pada praktik negara tersebut diharapkan dapat memberikan pengetahuan tentang situasi yang sedang terjadi dan akibat hukumnya bagi para pihak pada khususnya dan masyarakat Indonesia pada umumnya. Hasil diseminasi menunjukkan bahwa aspek hukum KBNI masih belum sepenuhnya dipahami dan memerlukan diseminasi lanjutan guna meningkatkan masyarakat yang berwawasan kebangsaan.

PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP PEREMPUAN DARI TINDAK PIDANA PERKOSAAN BERDASARKAN HUKUM HUMANITER Arlina Permanasari
Hukum Pidana dan Pembangunan Hukum Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): Hukum Pidana dan Pembangunan Hukum
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Trisakti

Abstract Sexual violence including rape during armed conflict is a criminal offense that committed long ago even before World War I and still continues to occur in recent conflicts. The Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols regulating the protection of victims of conflict in both international and non-international armed conflicts provide special protection to women by respecting the dignity, family dignity and rights of women in armed conflict. The only article that regulates rape, forced prostitution and other sexual violence is only found in Article 27 paragraph (2) of Geneva Convention IV in international armed conflict and Article 4 of Additional Protocol II 1977 (in non-international armed conflict) which receives a lot of criticism because it does not fully regulate rape substantially, even it is not included as a grave breah of the Geneva Convention. State practice through the international tribunals namely ICTR and ICTY in the Akayesu, Furundžija and Kunarac cases which was finally integrated in the Elements of Crimes of ICC Statute establishes legal protection for women from sexual violence including rape during wartime, which is relatively more normatively acceptable at both the international and national levels. Keywords: rape, forced prostitution, indecent assault, ICC Statute elements of crimes, humanitarian law.

PENYANDERAAN PENDUDUK SIPIL OLEH PASUKAN TALIBAN (2016): TINJAUAN HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL Atsyilla Salsabilla; Arlina Permanasari
Reformasi Hukum Trisakti Vol. 3 No. 3 (2021): Reformasi Hukum Trisakti
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Trisakti

The Non-International Armed Conflict between Afghanistan and the Taliban has been triggering the hostage-taking of civilians that occurred in Afghanistan in 2016. Based on Article 3 of the Common Article of the 1949 Geneva Convention, hostage-taking of civilians is prohibited. The formulation of the problem in this research is how the aspects of international humanitarian law on the hostage-taking of civilians committed by the Taliban in Afghanistan in 2016 and what are the legal consequences for the Taliban. This research is a normative legal research by referring to the norms in Article 3 of the Geneva Convention and Article 6 of the 1977 Additional Protocol II. Secondary data processing is carried out qualitatively, drawing conclusions deductively. Based on the results of research, discussion, and conclusions, the commentary of Article 3 of the 1949 Geneva Convention has laid the foundation for Afghanistan to try and punish the Taliban for taking hostages. The general provisions of Article 3 are complemented by the provisions in Article 6 of Additional Protocol II 1977 which states that the settlement of hostage cases must be carried out in accordance with the applicable Afghan national law, in this case the Afghanistan Penal Code 1976.

PRINSIP POLLUTER PAYS PADA PENCEMARAN LAUT AKIBAT TUMPAHAN MINYAK: HUKUM LINGKUNGAN INTERNASIONAL Muhammad Ivandri; Arlina Permanasari
Reformasi Hukum Trisakti Vol. 5 No. 1 (2023): Reformasi Hukum Trisakti
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/refor.v5i1.15401

When enforcing environmental laws, both preventive and punitive measures, the polluter pays approach is particularly beneficial. The problem is how the Polluter Pays principle is carried out by countries affected by oil spills in their territorial sea and whether the Polluter Pays principle is carried out by countries affected by sea pollution. This study discusses the implementation of the Polluter Pays principle due to marine pollution due to oil spills and the imposition of compensation. Normative research with literature reviews based on court records and facts that arise in cases of tanker accidents and oil rig leaks is used, data use descriptive analysis. The data sources used are primary and secondary legal materials. The results of the research and discussion illustrate the application of the Polluter Pays principle in cases that result in marine pollution by oil. Polluters also carry out compensation for affected countries by using prices prevailing in the market, taking certain actions and implementing restoration of environmental functions. It was concluded that the application of the Polluter Pays principle is quite effective in dealing with pollution at sea, so that the application of the Polluter Pays principle needs to be fully enforced in marine environmental disputes.

PROGRAM LUMBUNG PANGAN (FOOD ESTATE) DI HUTAN INDONESIA MENURUT PARIS AGREEMENT Anfasa Isyam Derawan; Arlina Permanasari
Reformasi Hukum Trisakti Vol. 5 No. 3 (2023): Reformasi Hukum Trisakti
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/refor.v5i3.16939

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) thinks there will be a national food security crisis due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The Food Estate Program (FEP) is Indonesia's answer to this problem. The FEP uses vast forest lands and this will threaten Indonesia's contribution to climate change. Such programs can lead to deforestation. Indonesia's contribution in this regard is in two sectors, namely adaptation and mitigation. In the mitigation sector, forests are the main weapon in curbing climate change. Indonesia can violate the Paris Agreement where Indonesia has ratified the international agreement. The problem in this article is whether the forest utilization program as a Food Estate is in accordance with the NDC in the Paris Agreement? The method used in this article is a normative and descriptive legal research method, using secondary data and secondary legal materials, as well as using library research in collecting data. The results of the research, discussion and conclusions from this article are that the forest utilization program as a Food Estate is not in accordance with the NDC as stipulated in the Paris Agreement because it will have an impact on not fulfilling Indonesia's obligations to make a positive contribution to climate change.

PENYANDERAAN PENDUDUK SIPIL OLEH PASUKAN TALIBAN (2016): TINJAUAN HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL Atsyilla Salsabilla; Arlina Permanasari
Reformasi Hukum Trisakti Vol 3 No 3 (2021): Reformasi Hukum Trisakti
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/refor.v4i3.13849

The Non-International Armed Conflict between Afghanistan and the Taliban has been triggering the hostage-taking of civilians that occurred in Afghanistan in 2016. Based on Article 3 of the Common Article of the 1949 Geneva Convention, hostage-taking of civilians is prohibited. The formulation of the problem in this research is how the aspects of international humanitarian law on the hostage-taking of civilians committed by the Taliban in Afghanistan in 2016 and what are the legal consequences for the Taliban. This research is a normative legal research by referring to the norms in Article 3 of the Geneva Convention and Article 6 of the 1977 Additional Protocol II. Secondary data processing is carried out qualitatively, drawing conclusions deductively. Based on the results of research, discussion, and conclusions, the commentary of Article 3 of the 1949 Geneva Convention has laid the foundation for Afghanistan to try and punish the Taliban for taking hostages. The general provisions of Article 3 are complemented by the provisions in Article 6 of Additional Protocol II 1977 which states that the settlement of hostage cases must be carried out in accordance with the applicable Afghan national law, in this case the Afghanistan Penal Code 1976.

PRINSIP POLLUTER PAYS PADA PENCEMARAN LAUT AKIBAT TUMPAHAN MINYAK: HUKUM LINGKUNGAN INTERNASIONAL Muhammad Ivandri; Arlina Permanasari
Reformasi Hukum Trisakti Vol 5 No 1 (2023): Reformasi Hukum Trisakti
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/refor.v5i1.15401

When enforcing environmental laws, both preventive and punitive measures, the polluter pays approach is particularly beneficial. The problem is how the Polluter Pays principle is carried out by countries affected by oil spills in their territorial sea and whether the Polluter Pays principle is carried out by countries affected by sea pollution. This study discusses the implementation of the Polluter Pays principle due to marine pollution due to oil spills and the imposition of compensation. Normative research with literature reviews based on court records and facts that arise in cases of tanker accidents and oil rig leaks is used, data use descriptive analysis. The data sources used are primary and secondary legal materials. The results of the research and discussion illustrate the application of the Polluter Pays principle in cases that result in marine pollution by oil. Polluters also carry out compensation for affected countries by using prices prevailing in the market, taking certain actions and implementing restoration of environmental functions. It was concluded that the application of the Polluter Pays principle is quite effective in dealing with pollution at sea, so that the application of the Polluter Pays principle needs to be fully enforced in marine environmental disputes.

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