Writings and Projects by Francois Brouard
Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research (ANSERJ), Jun 29, 2015
The objective of this article is to examine social enterprises in Ontario, Canada, as part of the... more The objective of this article is to examine social enterprises in Ontario, Canada, as part of the “Social Enterprises Models in Canada” research of the International Comparative Social Enterprise Models (ICSEM) Project. The report presents an analysis of the historical, contextual, and conceptual understanding of social enterprises in Ontario. Five cases studies illustrate social enterprise models, and the article then presents the main institutions in Ontario related to social enterprises, describing legal framework, public policies, university institutions, networks, spaces, and funding agencies and programs.
Papers by Francois Brouard
Social Enterprise Gains Momentum/Les Entreprises Sociales Prennent Leur Envol
Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research, Apr 1, 2013
The 2013 Social Enterprise World Forum (SEWF 2013) in Calgary will from October 2-4, 2013 bring t... more The 2013 Social Enterprise World Forum (SEWF 2013) in Calgary will from October 2-4, 2013 bring together 1,200 individuals from more than 30 countries and speakers from more than 20 countries. Attendees will come from diverse backgrounds - social enterprise practitioners from all sectors, traditional non-profits, for-profit businesses, philanthropists, entrepreneurs, the public sector, support agencies, funders and investors, consultants, indigenous groups, and students - but all share a dedication to resolving the world's most complex and confounding social challenges. See: http://www .socialenterpriseworldforum.org/ .SEWF 2013 will focus on six program tracks:1. Social Finance/Impact Investing;2. Indigenous Social Enterprise;3. Social Enterprise Skills Building;4. Research and Public Policy;5. Cross-Boundary Collaboration;6. Social Innovation.Each session will be recorded and posted online so that the discussions and insights can be consulted again and again by everyone dedicated to the advancement of social enterprise.To complement the practitioner-focused SEWF, Peter Elson of Mount Royal University and Peter Hall of Simon Fraser University are organizing a SEWF Preconference Research Day on October 1 at Mount Royal University. The research day will explore the multiple connections between social-enterprise research and practice.This watershed event in Canada reflects a socialenterprise movement that is gaining momentum across the country, catching up in many respects to the flagship developments that have been taking place in Quebec since the mid-1990s. British Columbia and Nova Scotia have introduced Community Interest Corporation (CIC) legislation; other provinces are exploring social impact bonds, loan guarantees, and training and incubation programs. Enterprising Non-Profits (enp), launched in Vancouver in 1997, has now expanded to five affiliates in Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario (2), and Nova Scotia. See: http://www.enterprisingnonprofits.ca/.On the research side of the equation, the fiveyear social-economy Community-University Research Alliance (CURA, 2005-2011) certainly explored social enterprises to one degree or another, and a current CURA at the Social Economy Centre at the University of Toronto has a dedicated focus on social enterprise. See: http://socialeconomycentre.ca/. Peter Elson and Peter Hall have conducted province-wide socialenterprise surveys in five provinces, and more are in the planning stages. See: www.sess.ca.There are also research centres dedicated to social enterprise, such as the Sprott Centre for Social Enterprises (SCSE) at Carleton University, and similar centres at Queen's University, McGill University and the University of Victoria, to name a few. Continuing in this trend, the university programs developed by some researchers interested in social enterprises provide training for students as well as outreach training and educational opportunities for nonprofit community groups.In March 2013, the Government of Quebec, ahead of the curve in many dimensions of the social economy, filed a draftframework law, Bill 27: Social Economy Act, to recognize the contribution of the social economy to Quebec's socioeconomic development. This bill will designate the role of government in this area, promote social-economy enterprises, and support the latter in their growth through the development or adaptation of intervention tools and strategies. Establishing general principles, the framework law will help integrate the social economy in development activities. An action plan should be available by April 1, 2014.ANSERJ would like to invite you to contribute to this growing momentum by submitting an article on social enterprise for the Fall 2013 issue. Ideally, submissions should be received before the end of June. As has been clearly demonstrated, research is a critical component in fostering sound practices and innovations. …
Journal of Competitive Intelligence and Management Editorial Board
La transmission des Pme Perspectives et enjeux Dans plusieurs pays inDustrialisés ou en voie de l... more La transmission des Pme Perspectives et enjeux Dans plusieurs pays inDustrialisés ou en voie de l'être, la transmission des pMe est, depuis les dernières années, un sujet d'actualité. les questions s'y rapportant sont d'ailleurs nombreuses. par exemple, pourquoi les propriétaires dirigeants de pMe actuels veulent-ils assurer la continuité de leur entreprise ? Comment peuvent-ils se préparer à quitter une entreprise qu'ils ont dirigée de main de maître pendant bon nombre d'années ?
Accounting perspectives, May 8, 2017
As part of the unification of the Canadian accounting profession, a lot of effort has been devote... more As part of the unification of the Canadian accounting profession, a lot of effort has been devoted to organizational structures and systems. In these times of change, recruitment of prospective professional accountants remains an important factor for the Canadian and international development of the profession. In this paper, we explore professional accountants' recruitment by accounting associations in Ontario before (CA, CGA, CMA) and after (CPA) the merger of the three professional accounting associations. We use a legitimacy framework to make sense of the recruitment website content of each association. We find, in the post-merger period, that the CPA profession adopts a more passive approach to legitimacy management, focusing mainly on exchange aspects of legitimacy, whereas prior to the merger a wider range of legitimacy management strategies were deployed by the predecessor associations. Important implications ensuing from our study are discussed.
Editorial, Volume 4, Issue 1
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), May 1, 2013
Social Science Research Network, 2009
La gouvernance d'entreprise n'est pas un phénomène nouveau. Par contre, le contexte de scandales ... more La gouvernance d'entreprise n'est pas un phénomène nouveau. Par contre, le contexte de scandales financiers au niveau international (Enron, Worldcom, Parmalat) et la perte de confiance du public et des investisseurs envers la gestion des organisations amènent un questionnement plus serré des mécanismes de gouvernance. Au cours des 20 dernières années, plusieurs rapports, études, directives et pratiques sont apparus sur la scène internationale. Ces directives proposent divers mécanismes internes et externes afin d'améliorer la gouvernance et la performance organisationnelle. Il faut toutefois noter que l'intérêt pour la gouvernance s'attarde davantage aux grandes sociétés ouvertes qu'aux petites et moyennes entreprises (PME). Dans ce contexte, cette communication a pour principal objectif de déterminer les mécanismes de gouvernance applicables au sein des PME en se basant sur la littérature existante des différents mécanismes de gouvernance reconnus pour leurs contributions à la création de valeurs des entreprises.
Accountability Theory in Nonprofit Research: Using Governance Theories to Categorize Dichotomies
Voluntas, Apr 25, 2022
Typology and List of Organisations within Ontario’s Health Care System
Social Science Research Network, 2020
Ontario’s health care system is complex and a typology of health care related organisations that ... more Ontario’s health care system is complex and a typology of health care related organisations that unpacks the different layers is useful to better understand how the system functions. The purpose of this research note is to describe a typology and provide a list of the various organisations within Ontario’s health care system. This note is part of a sequence of three research notes. The first note (#PARG 2020-06RN) provides a typology and a list of organisations within Ontario’s health care system. The note represents the system as it has existed before implementation of 2019 reforms. The second note (#PARG 2020-07RN) provides an overview of the transition to a single Ontario Health agency. The third note (#PARG 2020-08RN) examines the organisational transition to Ontario Health Teams.
Revue organisations & territoires, Mar 1, 2006
Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research, Jan 31, 2018
Information and reporting issues are more present than ever in a context of accountability pressu... more Information and reporting issues are more present than ever in a context of accountability pressures on nonprofits and foundations. This conceptual article explores the information flows between the stakeholders in the philanthropic ecosystem and examines four broad types of reporting: tax and regulatory, financial, social, and grants reporting. Tax and regulatory reporting includes the general requirements imposed on charities and specific requirements imposed on Canadian foundations by the Income Tax Act. Financial reporting refers to financial statements and other financial information. Social reporting refers to information shared about foundations' activities, non-financial performance, and impacts. Grant reporting refers to information requests and disclosure between foundations and grantees, and information about grants shared with other stakeholders. The article provides an analysis framework to examine the grantmaking foundations' ecosystem and identify key trends and challenges regarding information exchanges. RÉSUMÉ Les enjeux liés à l'information et à la communication sont plus présents que jamais dans un contexte de responsabilisation en expansion. Diverses parties prenantes participent dans l'écosystème des fondations subventionnaires et sont engagés dans l'échange d'information. L'objectif de cet article conceptuel est d'explorer la circulation de l'information entre les parties prenantes de l'écosystème philanthropique et d'examiner quatre grands types de communication, soit celles fiscales et réglementaires, financières, sociales et subventionnaires. Les communications fiscales et réglementaires comprennent les exigences générales et spécifiques des organismes gouvernementaux, par exemple, la Déclaration de renseignements T3010 requis par la Loi de l'impôt sur le revenu du Canada. Les communications financières comprennent les états financiers et les autres informations financières. Les communications sociales portent sur l'information partagée à propos des activités des fondations, de leur performance non-financière et des impacts. Les communications subventionnaires comprennent les demandes et la divulgation d'information entre les fondations et les bénéficiaires et celle partagée avec les autres parties prenantes. Parmi les contributions de l'article, notons le développement d'un cadre d'analyse, basé sur la théorie des parties prenantes et sur la circulation de l'information, afin d'examiner l'écosystème philanthropique.
Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research, Nov 28, 2011
Description and Observations of the Transition to a Model of Ontario Health Teams
Social Science Research Network, 2020
It is of general consensus that Ontario’s health care system has noted integration challenges (De... more It is of general consensus that Ontario’s health care system has noted integration challenges (Devlin, 2019a, 2019b). As per the Ministry of Health (2019d), “over time the province’s health system has become fractured and disconnected, and as a result patients have been left to suffer on wait lists and navigate the system on their own”. To address these concerns, the government has proposed a new model of coordination and desires that “health care providers will be accountable for the patients they serve and will partner to effectively coordinate their care” (Ministry of Health, 2019d). The purpose of this research note is to describe the transition to a new model of service delivery and organisational governance called Ontario Health Teams (OHT), and to discuss some observations resulting from this transition. This note is part of a sequence of three research notes. The first note (#PARG 2020-06RN) provides a typology and a list of organisations within Ontario’s health care system. The note represents the system as it has existed before implementation of 2019 reforms. The second note (#PARG 2020-07RN) provides an overview of the transition to a single Ontario Health agency. This third note (#PARG 2020-08RN) examines the organisational transition to Ontario Health Teams.
Many concepts, such as social entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurs, social enterprises, social ... more Many concepts, such as social entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurs, social enterprises, social ventures, social economy, are used to describe a field of research that have only recently come into official or common use. However, those terms are emerging, ill defined and often used without any nuance on their specific meaning, probably because it is not a tidy concept so far. Even if "a consensus over the boundaries of social entrepreneurship remains elusive" (Nichols, 2006, p.7), "the need to draw boundaries so as to delimit scope and clarify whether it really is an independent field of research, and the need to identify the different level of analysis, disciplines and literatures" (Mair and Marti, 2006, p.42) should be pursue. This conceptual paper focuses on definitions and boundaries of social entrepreneurship and on positioning social entrepreneurship compare with related concepts. The paper is an attempt to reduce the fuzziness nature of social entrepreneurship on some specific dimensions and to help academics and government officials in mapping the field for policy purpose.
Veille stratégique et PME – Comparaison des politiques gouvernementales de soutien
Revue internationale PME, 2002
Veille strategique et PME – Comparaison des politiques gouvernementales de soutien Pierrette Berg... more Veille strategique et PME – Comparaison des politiques gouvernementales de soutien Pierrette Bergeron
Veille stratégique – La méthode L.E.S.CAnning
Revue internationale PME, 2005
L'intelligence économique dans la PME : visions éparses, paradoxes et manifestations
Revue internationale PME, 2007
L'intelligence economique dans la PME : visions eparses, paradoxes et manifestations Alice Gu... more L'intelligence economique dans la PME : visions eparses, paradoxes et manifestations Alice Guilhon (Dir.)
L’Information et Les Outils Pour La Recherche Auprès Des Fondations Subventionnaires Canadiennes
Presses de l'Université du Québec eBooks, Dec 29, 2017
La transmission des PME
Presses de l'Université du Québec eBooks, Nov 16, 2008
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Writings and Projects by Francois Brouard
Papers by Francois Brouard