In 2023, the untaxed shadow economy accounted for 19.3 percent of the global gross domestic product (GDP). In Africa, Sierra Leone's shadow economy was the largest of the region and was estimated to be worth about 64.5 percent of its GDP, while Egypt's shadow economy represented 21 percent of its GDP.
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EY. (March 5, 2025). Size of the untaxed shadow economy as a share of GDP in Africa in 2023, by country [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved May 09, 2026, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1620031/shadow-economy-in-africa-as-a-share-of-gdp-by-country/
EY. "Size of the untaxed shadow economy as a share of GDP in Africa in 2023, by country." Chart. March 5, 2025. Statista. Accessed May 09, 2026. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1620031/shadow-economy-in-africa-as-a-share-of-gdp-by-country/
EY. (2025). Size of the untaxed shadow economy as a share of GDP in Africa in 2023, by country. Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: May 09, 2026. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1620031/shadow-economy-in-africa-as-a-share-of-gdp-by-country/
EY. "Size of The Untaxed Shadow Economy as a Share of Gdp in Africa in 2023, by Country." Statista, Statista Inc., 5 Mar 2025, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1620031/shadow-economy-in-africa-as-a-share-of-gdp-by-country/
EY, Size of the untaxed shadow economy as a share of GDP in Africa in 2023, by country Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1620031/shadow-economy-in-africa-as-a-share-of-gdp-by-country/ (last visited May 09, 2026)
Size of the untaxed shadow economy as a share of GDP in Africa in 2023, by country [Graph], EY, March 5, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1620031/shadow-economy-in-africa-as-a-share-of-gdp-by-country/