Irina-Ana Drobot

By Irina-Ana Drobot

This chapter aims to explore certain aspects and dimensions of bilingualism and multilingualism, with a focus on Europe. The issues analyzed are the following: languages coming into contact due to conquest or colonization, bilingualism and multilingualism as a reflection of political trends and contemporary lifestyles, official languages, and heritage languages. The field of language education is also treated, when it comes to the benefits of being bilingual and multilingual, which are also analyzed from the perspective of evolutionary psychology, with the claim that knowledge of several languages ensures survival and better living conditions. The conclusions are that bilingualism and multilingualism are a necessity and an inevitable phenomenon in today’s Europe, especially due to migration and due to the need of adapting to and accepting other cultures. What is more, there is a universality of bilingualism and multilingualism throughout history.

Part of the book: Multilingualism and Bilingualism

By Irina-Ana Drobot

The purpose of this chapter is to look at ways in which teaching and learning a foreign language can benefit from previous knowledge of other languages, when it comes to the awareness of linguistics, pragmatics, as well as of cultural differences. The assumption is that having knowledge of other languages and, implicitly, of cultures, can help increase awareness and empathy with other cultural values and mindsets. As a result, adaptation to the ways and values of other cultures can be easier and faster for multilinguals. Studying a foreign language should always be strongly connected to studying the respective culture, since it can increase awareness of the context of communication and help in the study of pragmatics. The chapter will analyze examples of multilinguals with these abilities and awareness and draw conclusions.

Part of the book: Multilingualism

By Irina-Ana Drobot

The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the implications of freedom of speech regarding political discussions on social media platforms, such as Facebook. The paper will look at the following aspects: the occasion when social media users have to discuss politics as a hobby and as a means to keep their ideas out of the view of face-to-face social circles, to engage in social issues and even be part of protests, to discuss politicians’ public image, and attempt to change some users’ perception about it. Within social media, we witness debates or simple displays of emotions, allowing users to speak their minds and interact with other users, showing empathy toward them. The benefits of this are related to the therapeutic effects of speaking about what upsets them or angers them and finding like-minded users.

Part of the book: Democracy - Crises and Changes Across the Globe

By Irina-Ana Drobot

The purpose of this paper is to present, from the perspective of intercultural communication, how foreign languages, and especially English, could be taught to students at the Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest, Romania. Starting from what they claim their expectations with respect to how foreign languages would help them in their future jobs, we could devise lessons following several aspects. Among these, the fact that English is a lingua franca, and also the language of intercultural competence at the world level, shows why most students opt to study English. Another aspect has to do with skills that can be taught during foreign language seminars. What is more, awareness of differences among cultures and cultural-specific features could also be included. Last but not least, organizational culture also matters, since in their future jobs, students will need to establish business cooperation and may also need to communicate efficiently with an international team.

Part of the book: Multiculturalism and Interculturalism

By Irina-Ana Drobot

The purpose of this chapter is to analyse, comparatively, the possibilities that are offered to learners by these two platforms. One of the main aspects is that learners find themselves in an international environment since they are among students from all over the world. Here we can clearly notice the advantages of English as a lingua franca, which unites such a diverse community of learners around a topic of common interest. For both platforms, audio and video, materials are available, together with the possibility of students and teachers interacting on the forums, for Coursera, or in the below video discussions, for FutureLearn. Collaborative learning is also encouraged, as some courses can ask students to use Padlet to work together or other such sites. The sense of community is built by rapport with the teachers they appear on video, through common tasks, and through peer-to-peer discussions.

Part of the book: Massive Open Online Courses - Current Practice and Future Trends

By Irina-Ana Drobot

The purpose of this chapter is to understand how insights in psycholinguistics could help in the creation of reading comprehension exercises for various language proficiency tests. The author of this chapter has created and adapted reading comprehension questions for students in engineering, therefore the psycholinguistic theory insights will be applied to her experience and to the domain of engineering when it comes to the topic of the text. The psycholinguistic perspective could offer insights regarding how the reading process takes place. For example, how does the interaction between language and thought occur? In order to prepare reading comprehension questions, we should know which types of questions can be helpful in order to improve the students’ skills. There are many courses and sites claiming that they can help us read a whole book in only one day or in the shortest time possible. Psycholinguistics could highlight useful skimming techniques.

Part of the book: Psycholinguistics

By Irina-Ana Drobot

The purpose of this paper is to examine various theories and purposes of translation. For instance, some translations are simply created having in mind the communication of research in a certain field, such as philosophy, to other cultures. Another purpose could be allowing readers to have access to poetry and novels from different cultures. Yet another purpose could be a more creative one, meaning rewriting certain stories from the point of view of various minorities, which can be visible in novels such as Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys, which is a rewriting of Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, with Bertha and Mr. Rochester as protagonists, and in mythological stories from ancient Greek and Roman cultures, which can be rewritten from the female characters’ perspective. Some translations are supposed to be faithful, while others are supposed to be more creative, the latter being visible in poetry translations. The case study will be that of translating haiku poems into Romanian within an online community.

Part of the book: Translatology, Translation and Interpretation

By Irina-Ana Drobot

The purpose of this chapter is to analyse the difficulties posed by translating names of flowers, as well as various plants in general, which allows creative play upon words, in haiku poems. The chapter will focus on the case of haiku poems translated from Romanian into English, based on the haiku poems written by poets that are members of the Romanian Kukai online group, led by Corneliu Traian Atanasiu. Since haiku is based on allusive interconnections, and the power of allusion of each and every word, word play is crucial to be preserved. A reader-response perspective to the haiku poems will help the translator’s work. The difference between the original, Japanese haiku poems and the ones appreciated in this particular Romanian haiku authors’ community will be presented based on their preference for play upon words when using flower name and the Japanese dream-like quality and connection between human beings and nature. Atanasiu intends to create a specific Romanian haiku, differentiating itself from and developing the original Japanese haiku which started with Matsuo Basho.

Part of the book: Translating Words, Transferring Wisdom, Traversing Worlds

By Irina-Ana Drobot

The purpose of this chapter is to look at the positions the Global North and Global South take with respect to the Russia-Ukraine War in the recent election campaigns. The Global North supports Ukraine, seeing this action as symbolic for supporting democracy, while the Global South is showing a neutral position, not wishing to interfere with the problems of the Western world. However, the economic issues which are the consequence of the Russia-Ukraine war are affecting the entire world. The position of Romania will be especially under analysis based on online social media and press discussions. Romania, while located in Southeastern Europe, is part of the Global North due to alignment with its values.

Part of the book: Elections in the Global South and North

By Irina-Ana Drobot

The purpose of this chapter is to bring attention to the status of teachers in EU countries and the way it influences the status of democracies, using Romania as a main case study. Democracy, liberalism, and European Union values and principles are presented as interacting in order to lay the grounds for today’s society mindset, to which we all need to adapt. Teachers develop critical thinking, media literacy, civic engagement, and tolerance. With individualism, their role is that of supporting everyone to find their place, but also to relate to the others. In Romania, the economic and political conditions have led, in 2025, to discussions over measures about lowering salaries and increasing working hours in pre-university level schools, lower-secondary and upper-secondary levels, in the public, not private, sector. Discussions consider that teachers’ work is undervalued and underfunded, even if their work means intellectual and emotional effort and plays a role in promoting democratic values for students. Romanian online social media includes discussions about the role of teachers in society, focusing on their vocation, but also on their need to be supported financially by the state. EU initiatives support teachers through programs such as Erasmus+ and the European Education Area, which ensure professional development and international collaboration. Teachers support the values of the EU, among which values associated with democratic societies are at the core. Sustainable education funding, higher salaries aligned with EU standards, reduced bureaucracy are proposed policy solutions, emphasizing that investing in teachers means investment in democracy.

Part of the book: European Union