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In each of these areas it is possible to consider PFM as a system in its own right, and also PFM as a system impacting on broader management issues, as summarised in the matrix below. 3. Managing within the budget

Table 8 In each of these areas it is possible to consider PFM as a system in its own right, and also PFM as a system impacting on broader management issues, as summarised in the matrix below. 3. Managing within the budget

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Table 1: The cameral account. ACAM has sector accounting, namely budgetary control, receipt/payment control, cash control and financia opposed been developed specifically for fulfilling the four tasks of traditional public (money) result reporting. Since these tasks are related to the money effect, as to the profitability effect, of the revenues and expenditures, they can be referred to as “money tasks’. Moreover, the principle of single-entry bookkeeping is used in ACAM as we. 1 as the cameral account, consisting of a revenues (receipts) side and an expenditures (payments) side (see Table 1 below). On each side we find the following four columns: Ba Ba in co rec he CD-c umn on eipt, this ances or residual dues brought forward (BD), Current dues (CD), Actuals (A) and ances or residual dues carried forward (B). Within ACAM receipt instructions are entered olumn on the receipts side, and payment instructions are entered in the CD- he payments side. When a receipt instruction is executed, resulting in a cash actual cash receipt is entered in the A-column on the receipts side. An actual cash payment, representing the cash execution of a payment instruction, is entered in the A- co umn on he payments side. In this way, bookkeeping rule (1) is followed, which requires that no A-entry can be undertaken without an earlier or simultaneous CD-entry. Bookkeeping rule (2) stat forward as es that the balance at the end of the period, representing the amount to be carried he balance at the beginning of the following period, appears as follows: Balances carried forward = Balances brought forward + Current dues - Actuals (B=BD+CD-A).
Table 1: The cameral account. ACAM has sector accounting, namely budgetary control, receipt/payment control, cash control and financia opposed been developed specifically for fulfilling the four tasks of traditional public (money) result reporting. Since these tasks are related to the money effect, as to the profitability effect, of the revenues and expenditures, they can be referred to as “money tasks’. Moreover, the principle of single-entry bookkeeping is used in ACAM as we. 1 as the cameral account, consisting of a revenues (receipts) side and an expenditures (payments) side (see Table 1 below). On each side we find the following four columns: Ba Ba in co rec he CD-c umn on eipt, this ances or residual dues brought forward (BD), Current dues (CD), Actuals (A) and ances or residual dues carried forward (B). Within ACAM receipt instructions are entered olumn on the receipts side, and payment instructions are entered in the CD- he payments side. When a receipt instruction is executed, resulting in a cash actual cash receipt is entered in the A-column on the receipts side. An actual cash payment, representing the cash execution of a payment instruction, is entered in the A- co umn on he payments side. In this way, bookkeeping rule (1) is followed, which requires that no A-entry can be undertaken without an earlier or simultaneous CD-entry. Bookkeeping rule (2) stat forward as es that the balance at the end of the period, representing the amount to be carried he balance at the beginning of the following period, appears as follows: Balances carried forward = Balances brought forward + Current dues - Actuals (B=BD+CD-A).
Table 5 summarizes the various elements appearing in comparisons of budgetary and accoun- ting revenues and expenditures. According to the annual principle of the budget, budgetary revenues and expenditures cannot be transferred to another period. Hence, budgetary amounts not being realized as cash receipts/payments during the period in question will appear as savings or exceedings. If, however, a revenue item or an expenditure item is given a special mark, saying that it can be transferred to a later period, such a transfer is nevertheless possible:
Table 5 summarizes the various elements appearing in comparisons of budgetary and accoun- ting revenues and expenditures. According to the annual principle of the budget, budgetary revenues and expenditures cannot be transferred to another period. Hence, budgetary amounts not being realized as cash receipts/payments during the period in question will appear as savings or exceedings. If, however, a revenue item or an expenditure item is given a special mark, saying that it can be transferred to a later period, such a transfer is nevertheless possible:
The following budgetary and accounting figures apply to the year in question:
The following budgetary and accounting figures apply to the year in question:
6: Single-entry bookkeeping of administrative cameralistics. In the following, the single-entry bookkeeping method of ACAM is illustrated and explained, by using the numerical example presented above.
6: Single-entry bookkeeping of administrative cameralistics. In the following, the single-entry bookkeeping method of ACAM is illustrated and explained, by using the numerical example presented above.
Table (1) Amounts of Public Funds Stolen in the Sudanese Central Government Organizations and Public Corporations Over the Period 2000-2007
Table (1) Amounts of Public Funds Stolen in the Sudanese Central Government Organizations and Public Corporations Over the Period 2000-2007
Source: The General Audit Chamber (Sudan), the Annual Audit Reports for the Periods 2001-2007. (No information available regarding the fiscal year 2003/2004). Table 3: Amounts Recovered from the Public Funds Stolen from Central Government Organizations and Public Corporations Over the Period 2001-2007 (SUD Millions)
Source: The General Audit Chamber (Sudan), the Annual Audit Reports for the Periods 2001-2007. (No information available regarding the fiscal year 2003/2004). Table 3: Amounts Recovered from the Public Funds Stolen from Central Government Organizations and Public Corporations Over the Period 2001-2007 (SUD Millions)
Figure 1: A Prescriptive Model of The Transition to Accrual Accounting in the Central Government
Figure 1: A Prescriptive Model of The Transition to Accrual Accounting in the Central Government
Related topics:
Accrual Accounting in Public Sector
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