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Veterinary Epidemiology

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lightbulbAbout this topic
Veterinary Epidemiology is the study of the distribution, determinants, and control of diseases in animal populations. It integrates principles of epidemiology with veterinary science to assess health risks, inform disease prevention strategies, and improve animal health management practices.
lightbulbAbout this topic
Veterinary Epidemiology is the study of the distribution, determinants, and control of diseases in animal populations. It integrates principles of epidemiology with veterinary science to assess health risks, inform disease prevention strategies, and improve animal health management practices.

Key research themes

1. How can risk-based approaches optimize veterinary surveillance systems given resource constraints?

This theme focuses on the development and implementation of risk-based surveillance methods in veterinary epidemiology to prioritize surveillance resources efficiently. It addresses the challenge of increasing demand for surveillance amid limited human and financial resources by applying risk analysis principles that integrate the probability and consequences of disease events. Clear definitions and frameworks are sought to guide surveillance design, targeting, and resource allocation to maximize benefit-cost ratios while maintaining effective disease detection and control.

Key finding: This review systematically articulated the theoretical foundation and practical frameworks underpinning risk-based surveillance, advocating for surveillance resource allocation guided by combined assessments of probability... Read more
Key finding: This comprehensive analysis described differing surveillance system components, distinguishing disease surveillance from monitoring in terms of scope and actionability. It emphasized the need for structured plans including... Read more
Key finding: This work presented the development of a data integration platform to link environmental and climatic variables with epidemiological data, facilitating the incorporation of heterogeneous environmental datasets into veterinary... Read more

2. What are the core competencies required for effective field veterinary epidemiology training to strengthen animal health systems globally?

This theme addresses the identification and harmonization of essential knowledge, skills, and attitudes that veterinarians need for field epidemiology roles, including disease surveillance, outbreak investigation, and preparedness. Given the increased global demand for epidemiologically skilled veterinary personnel, establishing standardized competency frameworks aims to guide curriculum development, ensure workforce capacity building, and ultimately enhance the effectiveness of veterinary services at frontline and intermediate levels in diverse settings.

Key finding: Through participatory expert workshops, this study defined specific core competencies for frontline and intermediate levels of veterinary field epidemiology training, organized into three domains: epidemiological surveillance... Read more

3. How do companion animals contribute to zoonotic disease transmission and what roles do veterinary professionals play in parasite and pathogen surveillance for global health?

This theme examines the epidemiology and control of zoonotic diseases and parasitic infections associated with companion and free-ranging animals, emphasizing disease spread through animal relocation and human-animal interactions. It investigates surveillance gaps, owner awareness, and vector-borne disease risk, highlighting the critical role of veterinary practitioners in early detection, public education, and interdisciplinary cooperation under the One Health approach to reduce zoonotic disease transmission.

Key finding: This consensus statement from an expert forum identified the global relocation of dogs, often over large distances, as a significant driver of dissemination of parasites, pathogens, and vectors with zoonotic potential. It... Read more
Key finding: This survey revealed substantial gaps in pet owners' awareness of zoonotic diseases and appropriate prophylactic parasite control, showing that only about half of respondents recognized transmission risks between animals and... Read more
Key finding: This epidemiological study documented a high prevalence (81.4%) of diverse ectoparasite infestations in owned dogs, with species linked to known zoonotic parasites. It identified risk factors related to host age, sex, breed,... Read more
Key finding: This review highlighted the emerging public health concern of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in companion animals due to close human-animal interactions, pointing out the lack of coordinated surveillance and harmonized data... Read more

4. What molecular epidemiological evidence exists for the zoonotic transmission and resistance profiles of multidrug-resistant pathogens at the human-domestic animal interface?

This theme explores the genetic characterization, resistance mechanisms, and clonal relationships of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens isolated from both humans and domestic animals. It evaluates how close human-animal contact promotes interspecies transmission of resistant strains, underscoring the importance of integrated molecular surveillance using genotyping tools like multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to track dissemination, inform cross-sectoral control strategies, and support One Health antimicrobial stewardship.

Key finding: Using MLST and resistance gene profiling, this study documented a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae in both humans and domestic animals, identifying overlapping clonal complexes (e.g., CC147) shared by... Read more

5. What is the role of veterinary public health and surveillance in managing emerging zoonotic pandemics, including SARS-CoV-2, from a One Health perspective?

This theme investigates the veterinary profession's contribution to managing zoonotic disease emergence and transmission, highlighting the importance of integrated multisectoral approaches to disease surveillance, diagnostic support, and outbreak response. It examines companion and wild animal susceptibility to zoonotic viruses, the epidemiological complexities of spillover events, and the implementation of coordinated One Health strategies to predict, detect, and control pandemics impacting human and animal health.

Key finding: This article emphasized veterinary expertise in wildlife surveillance, laboratory diagnostics, risk assessment, and outbreak control as critical yet underutilized components in managing the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlighted... Read more
Key finding: This longitudinal serological survey demonstrated low-level exposure of equids to SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying seropositive cases without direct known COVID-19 contact, indicating possible unnoticed... Read more
Key finding: Through serological testing and risk factor evaluation, this prospective study found detectable neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in a proportion of privately owned cats and dogs, with some seropositive animals... Read more

6. How does integrating community knowledge, cultural practices, and intersectoral collaboration strengthen rabies control in endemic regions?

This theme addresses the social and systemic dimensions of rabies control, focusing on the role of community knowledge, attitudes, vaccination practices, and multisectoral coordination under the One Health approach. It highlights how cultural acceptability, community engagement, resource constraints, and technological tools impact vaccination coverage, surveillance, and health communication in high-risk areas, thereby informing tailored strategies for sustainable rabies elimination.

Key finding: This mixed-methods study identified significant gender and age disparities in rabies knowledge, suboptimal vaccination coverage (~50%) below recommended thresholds, and weak yet significant positive associations between... Read more
Key finding: Using epidemiological data, this study documented persistent dog-mediated zoonoses (rabies, leishmaniasis, echinococcosis) with human mortality and significant PEP demand, despite vaccination and culling efforts. It advocated... Read more

All papers in Veterinary Epidemiology

A Leishmaniose Visceral e uma doenca zoonotica de transmissao vetorial, sendo considerado, pela Organizacao Mundial de Saude (OMS), um importante problema de saude publica mundial. Devido a gravidade da epidemia, o objetivo do trabalho... more
Aim: The study aimed to determine the overall prevalence of livestock diseases in North Eastern Region (NER) of India, through a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data. Materials and Methods: The articles used for the study... more
Studies with compost bedded pack dairy barn system (CBDB) are still recent in Brazil. Thus, we used principal component and canonical correlation analysis to characterize and verify the relationship between compost bedded variables (CB)... more
Background: Equine piroplasmosis (EP), caused by Babesia caballi and Theileria equi, is a prevalent tick-borne hemoprotozoan disease worldwide. In Iran, the disease is endemic and often manifests in subclinical form. To control the... more
Background: Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS), caused by Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2, is a fatal bacterial disease of water buffaloes, particularly threatening in ecologically vulnerable coastal regions such as Bhola, Bangladesh.... more
Original Research Article Although Pakistan's economy depends heavily on the livestock industry, animal health is greatly impacted by tick infestation and illnesses spread by ticks. This study evaluated the morphological traits, risk... more
This study investigated tick infestation rates and their distribution on various body parts of ruminants in Sargodha Division, comprising four districts. Samples were collected from 10 farms per district between February and June 2021. Of... more
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus suis and their resistance patterns isolated from both clinically healthy carriers and diseased pigs in and around Guwahati, Assam,... more
This study was conducted to investigate the current status of bovine fasciolosis and dicrocoeliosis in cattle slaughtered in abattoirs, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Visits were paid to slaughtered houses to collect bile samples from... more
A checklist of the parasites of freshwater fishes of Yamanashi Prefecture, central Japan, is compiled based on the literature published for 103 years from 1914 to 2016. Only 16 species of the parasites have been reported from the... more
This study was conducted to determine seasonal prevalence of ectoparasites of ruminants in Tehsil Nikayal, District Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Surveys were carried out from July 2015 to December 2015. A total of 200 animals were... more
Hemorrhagic septicemia is an acute, deadly disease of cattle and buffaloes associated with colossal economic loss in the livestock industry in the Asian regions particularly Malaysia. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate on... more
The current study was carried out to check the prevalence of tick infestation in sheep and goats in district Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose, a total of 45 animals (25 sheep and 20 goats) were screened out. The various body... more
This study on the prevalence of poultry diseases in Bangladesh's Gopalganj district provides an overview of the challenges faced by local farmers. The research identifies Gumboro disease (35%) and Newcastle disease (15%) as the most... more
Poultry farming plays a crucial role in the livestock economy of Bangladesh. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of diseases and the commonly used drugs in poultry species in Jamalpur, Bangladesh. A total of 233 poultry cases... more
The present study was carried out to estimate the prevalence, mortality and pathological changes of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in broiler chicken of Barishal region in Bangladesh. A total of 45 broiler farms of Barishal division were... more
Background and Aim: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious transboundary animal disease affecting clo­ven-hoofed livestock, with significant economic and trade implications. Armenia lies within the West Eurasia and Middle... more
This dissertation is yet to be concluded/finished, it undertakes an exploration of the camel saddle as a multifaceted cultural artifact an intricate nexus of craftsmanship, symbolism, environmental adaptation, and social identity... more
Вели А. А. В., канд. биол. наук, младший научный сотрудник; Мартынова А. В., канд. биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник; Вели Е. Ю., аспирант ФГБНУ «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский ветеринарный институт патологии, фармакологии и... more
Ecological and epidemiological roles of camels: lessons from existing and emerging viral infections The Programme Against African Trypanosomosis ADVANCES Field Epidemiology Training Programme for Veterinarians: strengthening disease... more
The peste des petit ruminants (PPR) is a disaster-class virus that causes catastrophic drawbacks to small ruminant industries in affected countries. As PPR disease has been reported in neighboring countries, Indonesia, which has a large... more
diseases are those which originate in animals but are transmitted to humans often through an intermediate host such as a wild animal. In Australia Hendra virus (HeV) is a disease of horses with occasional human fatalities and which is... more
The quantitative relationship between the exposure dose of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and subsequent infection dynamics has been demonstrated through controlled inoculation studies in various species. However, similar... more
In Ethiopia, several Micro hydropower (MHP) schemes were constructed between the year 1950 and 1970. One of the Micro hydropower schemes constructed within this period was Huluka Micro-hydropower. However, it is no longer operational... more
This project attends to exam the prevalence of piroplasmosis in sheep and camels in Al-Najaf desert of Iraq during period of May 2015 to April 2016. The samples were randomly collected from different regions in Al-Najaf province and... more
Background and Aim: The global rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae poses a serious threat to human and animal health. Close proximity between humans and domestic animals may facilitate zoonotic transmission of MDR... more
We evaluated the performance of three serological tests – an immunoglobulin G indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), a Rose Bengal test and a slow agglutination test (SAT) – for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis in... more
The study was carried out to identify risk factors associated with bacterial contamination of locally produced raw milk and its adulteration with water. A total of 419 respondents of different categories of milk agents in the study sites... more
SUMMARYThe behaviour of certain infected individuals within socially structured populations can have a disproportionately large effect on the spatio-temporal distribution of infection. Endemic infection with Mycobacterium bovis in... more
Newcastle disease (ND) is a disease endemic among poultry that causes huge economic losses in the Philippines, including the Province of Bohol. On 5 Mar 2013, the Office of the Provincial Veterinarian (OPV) received a report on high... more
The H1N1 influenza pandemic and the foot-and-mouth epidemics, which both caused worldwide panic and economic disruption, are examples of infectious diseases that do not only directly harm human health, but also bring about social and... more
Contamination is undesired introduction of impurities like chemical, microbial or physical matter, into or onto a starting or intermediating cell culture during sampling, holding, processing, storing, transferring, packaging and... more
The main purpose of the study was to determine Common Interest Group members' attitude towards National Agricultural Technology Programme (NATP) (phase-I) interventions in the selected areas of Mymensingh district and to explore the... more
Broiler meat is known for its nutritional value, availability, and low price. Although, broilers are more sensitive to environmental conditions and need a specific environment for optimum production. However, global warming and natural... more
Classical swine fever is highly contagious viral disease of swine causing huge economic losses to pig farmersand pig industry. The study was conducted in Karnataka to understand the current scenario of CSF in the state andto evaluate... more
An outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in a vaccinated herd of cross-bred cattle and buffaloes at Islamabad capital territory (ICT) area of Pakistan was investigated. The herd was vaccinated three months ago by a locally manufactured FMD... more
This study describe the seroprevalence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in north eastern hill (NEH) states of India. Information on PCV2 from NEH states is lacking. Serum samples (306) were collected from the pigs and different... more
The study was conducted to confirm the registration of strawberry foot rot in sheep in ALDiwania Province in Iraq. A flock composed of fifty sheep of various ages was observed lesions like warts in five lambs; three samples were collected... more
How to cite this manuscript: Dhattarwal P, Singla M, Kaswan S, Grewal RS and Malik DS (2024). Performance and behavioural characteristics of beetal kids fed total mixed ration under stall-fed conditions. Ruminant Science 13(1):107-112.... more
Background: In the lush expanses of Tripura, where the climate shifts from subtropical plains to temperate hills, cattle dominate the livestock population. However, these animalsencounter significant challenges due to substandard... more
Studies concerning the incidence and dynamic of infection with T. saginata larvae are not reported systematically in Romania. Therefore, the magnitude of the phenomenon can not be adequately evaluated.
Theilerosis is the most important common vector (Tick) born and hemoprotozoan diseases (TBDS) which pose a serious threat to the livestock population in terms of mortality, reduced milk yield and lowered draft power. The disease is having... more
A cross-sectional study was made to investigate the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test in industrial dairy cattle herds in suburb of Shiraz (Iran). Blood... more
Background and Aim: Rabies remains a critical public health concern in Indonesia, particularly in high-risk provinces, such as East Nusa Tenggara. Despite governmental efforts under the One Health framework, gaps persist in vaccination... more
Background: Recent changes in the host range of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus coupled with the presence of a huge ruminant population in the study area has stimulated our interest to carry out a sero-survey for PPR among the... more
Penyakit saluran perkencingan bagian bawah pada Kucing atau Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD) merupakan salah satu penyakit yang sering terjadi pada saluran urinasi kucing. Salah satu penyebab terjadinya penyakit tersebut adalah... more
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