Symbiotic and Environmental Burkholderia

Healthy growth of Zea mays requires NH4NO3 as nitrogen fertilizer (NF), and its uptake is important to avoid loss of the NF. An alternative solution to enhance the root uptake capacity of Z. mays of NF at a dose to supply Z. mays demand without compromise its health; with beneficial entophytic genera and species of Stenocereus queretaroensis of the type Burkholderia vietnamiensis and Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus. The objectives of this research were: a) to select from the interior of roots of Stenocereus queretaroensis: B. vietnamiensis and G. diazotrophicus, b) to analyze the growth of Z. mays with B. vietnamiensis and G. diazotrophicus and NF at 50%. B. vietnamiensis and G. diazotrophicus were recovered from the roots of S. queretaroensis and inoculated on Z. mays seed with NF. Using the response variables: percentage of emergency, phenology and biomass to seedling and flowering, the experimental data were analyzed by ANOVA-Tukey (P ≤ 0.05). The percentage of emergency, phenol...

defines Biotechnology as we know nowadays as an interdisciplinary and intradisciplinary collaboration of scientists from various fields. Furthermore, the key disciplines are biological sciences, informatics, biochemistry, mathematics and engineering. The development and the progress of these fields lead to a biotechnological revolution. For example, molecular biotechnology has stimulated biotechnology in particular by the discovery of DNA molecule structure and behavior which lead later on to an understanding and establishment of a new discipline called genomics that focuses on gene sequencing and cloning. In addition, the intensive growing capabilities of computer sciences allowed biotechnology to shift to another level which manifests on the scientists' methods of storing, analyzing and interpreting biological data. 5 Computer sciences established a new sub-biological sector called bioinformatics which caused scientists to modify their methodology from a hypothesis driven to a data driven investigation using statistical modeling. 6 57 ©2022 Debich et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.

The genus Burkholderia is a large group of species of bacteria that inhabit a wide range of environments. We previously recommended, based on multilocus sequence analysis, that the genus be separated into two distinct groups-one that consists predominantly of human, plant, and animal pathogens, including several opportunistic pathogens, and a second, much larger group of species comprising plant-associated beneficial and environmental species that are primarily known not to be pathogenic. This second group of species is found mainly in soils, frequently in association with plants as plant growth-promoting bacteria. They also possess genetic traits that bestow them with an added potential for agriculture and soil restoration, such as nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, iron sequestration, and xenobiotic degradation, and they are not pathogenic. In this review, we present an update of current information on this second group of Burkholderia species, with the goal of focusing attention on their use in agriculture and environmental remediation. We describe their distribution in the environment, their taxonomy and genetic features, and their relationship with plants as either associative nitrogen-fixers or legume-nodulating/nitrogen-fixing bacteria. We also propose that a concerted and coordinated effort be made by researchers on Burkholderia to determine if a definitive taxonomic split of this very large genus is justified, especially now as we describe here for the first time intermediate groups based upon their 16S rRNA sequences. We need to learn more about the plant-associated Burkholderia strains regarding their potential for pathogenicity, especially in those strains intermediate between the two groups, and to discover whether gene exchange occurs between the symbiotic and pathogenic Burkholderia species. The latter studies will require both field and laboratory analyses of gene loss and gain.

A survey of our in-house bacterial collection identified a group of six strains isolated from the tomato rhizoplane that possessed 16S rRNA gene sequences with 98.2% sequence similarity to Paraburkholderia pallida, suggesting that these strains represented a novel species. Multilocus sequence analysis using gltB, lepA and recA gene sequences showed the clustering of the strains and the BOX-PCR patterns were similar among these strains. The average nucleotide identity and the DNA-DNA virtual hybridization of strain TNe-862 T was <89% and <34%, respectively, to the genomes of any sequenced Paraburkholderia species. The genome of strain TNe-862 T possessed all the genes necessary for nitrogen fixation and biosynthesis of indoleacetic acid and antimicrobials terpenes, phosphonates and bacteriocins. It also contained genes for metal resistance, xenobiotic degradation, and hydrolytic enzymes such as a putative chitinase and isoamylase. Even though the strain contained potential genes for degradation of cellulose and starch, the bacterium was unable to utilize these substrates in culture medium. The genome encoded flagella and pili as well as multiple chemotaxis systems. In addition, genes encoding for the type I, II, IV, V and VI secretion systems were also present. The strains grow up to 42 • C and 5% NaCl. The optimum growth pH was 8. The major cellular fatty acids were C 16:0 and C 18:1 7c. Based on this polyphasic analysis, these strains represent a novel species in the genus Paraburkholderia, for which the name Paraburkholderia lycopersici sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TNe-862 T (=LMG 26415 T =CIP 110323 T).

Burkholderia mimosarum strain LMG 23256 T is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-sporeforming rod that can exist as a soil saprophyte or as a legume microsymbiont of Mimosa pigra (giant sensitive plant). LMG 23256 T was isolated from a nodule recovered from the roots of the M. pigra growing in Anso, Taiwan. LMG 23256 T is highly effective at fixing nitrogen with M. pigra. Here we describe the features of B. mimosarum strain LMG 23256 T , together with genome sequence information and its annotation. The 8,410,967 bp high-quality-draft genome is arranged into 268 scaffolds of 270 contigs containing 7,800 protein-coding genes and 85 RNA-only encoding genes, and is one of 100 rhizobial genomes sequenced as part of the DOE Joint Genome Institute 2010 Genomic Encyclopedia for Bacteria and Archaea-Root Nodule Bacteria (GEBA-RNB) project.

The genus Burkholderia is a large group of species of bacteria that inhabit a wide range of environments. We previously recommended, based on multilocus sequence analysis, that the genus be separated into two distinct groups-one that consists predominantly of human, plant, and animal pathogens, including several opportunistic pathogens, and a second, much larger group of species comprising plant-associated beneficial and environmental species that are primarily known not to be pathogenic. This second group of species is found mainly in soils, frequently in association with plants as plant growth-promoting bacteria. They also possess genetic traits that bestow them with an added potential for agriculture and soil restoration, such as nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, iron sequestration, and xenobiotic degradation, and they are not pathogenic. In this review, we present an update of current information on this second group of Burkholderia species, with the goal of focusing attention on their use in agriculture and environmental remediation. We describe their distribution in the environment, their taxonomy and genetic features, and their relationship with plants as either associative nitrogen-fixers or legume-nodulating/nitrogen-fixing bacteria. We also propose that a concerted and coordinated effort be made by researchers on Burkholderia to determine if a definitive taxonomic split of this very large genus is justified, especially now as we describe here for the first time intermediate groups based upon their 16S rRNA sequences. We need to learn more about the plant-associated Burkholderia strains regarding their potential for pathogenicity, especially in those strains intermediate between the two groups, and to discover whether gene exchange occurs between the symbiotic and pathogenic Burkholderia species. The latter studies will require both field and laboratory analyses of gene loss and gain.

Legumes such as soybean establish symbiotic relation with nitrogen fixing bacteria such as Rhizobia. Nitrogen fixation via legume-rhizobium symbiosis is the most important source of Nitrogen in agro-ecosystems. But environmental stresses are important limiting factors for this process. Hence, the aim of this study is to evaluate the physiological characteristics and Plant Growth Promoting (PGP) properties of soybean rhizobia. A total of 28 Rhizobia strains obtained from soybean root nodules collected in from three Agro-Ecological Zones (zones 3, 4 and 5) producers of soybean in Benin were used. The physiological characteristics include utilization of carbon source, tolerance to temperature, salinity and pH, resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals. The PGP properties were relative to production of indole, hydrogen cyanide and ammonia and catalase test. The results revealed that, irrespective of their geographical regions, the 28 isolates were grouped into five Clusters. Most of th...

A survey of our in-house bacterial collection identified a group of six strains isolated from the tomato rhizoplane that possessed 16S rRNA gene sequences with 98.2% sequence similarity to Paraburkholderia pallida, suggesting that these strains represented a novel species. Multilocus sequence analysis using gltB, lepA and recA gene sequences showed the clustering of the strains and the BOX-PCR patterns were similar among these strains. The average nucleotide identity and the DNA-DNA virtual hybridization of strain TNe-862 T was <89% and <34%, respectively, to the genomes of any sequenced Paraburkholderia species. The genome of strain TNe-862 T possessed all the genes necessary for nitrogen fixation and biosynthesis of indoleacetic acid and antimicrobials terpenes, phosphonates and bacteriocins. It also contained genes for metal resistance, xenobiotic degradation, and hydrolytic enzymes such as a putative chitinase and isoamylase. Even though the strain contained potential genes for degradation of cellulose and starch, the bacterium was unable to utilize these substrates in culture medium. The genome encoded flagella and pili as well as multiple chemotaxis systems. In addition, genes encoding for the type I, II, IV, V and VI secretion systems were also present. The strains grow up to 42 • C and 5% NaCl. The optimum growth pH was 8. The major cellular fatty acids were C 16:0 and C 18:1 7c. Based on this polyphasic analysis, these strains represent a novel species in the genus Paraburkholderia, for which the name Paraburkholderia lycopersici sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TNe-862 T (=LMG 26415 T =CIP 110323 T).

Healthy growth of Zea mays requires NH4NO3 as nitrogen fertilizer (NF), and its uptake is important to avoid loss of the NF. An alternative solution to enhance the root uptake capacity of Z. mays of NF at a dose to supply Z. mays demand without compromise its health; with beneficial entophytic genera and species of Stenocereus queretaroensis of the type Burkholderia vietnamiensis and Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus. The objectives of this research were: a) to select from the interior of roots of Stenocereus queretaroensis: B. vietnamiensis and G. diazotrophicus, b) to analyze the growth of Z. mays with B. vietnamiensis and G. diazotrophicus and NF at 50%. B. vietnamiensis and G. diazotrophicus were recovered from the roots of S. queretaroensis and inoculated on Z. mays seed with NF. Using the response variables: percentage of emergency, phenology and biomass to seedling and flowering, the experimental data were analyzed by ANOVA-Tukey (P ≤ 0.05). The percentage of emergency, phenol...

Healthy growth of Zea mays requires NH 4 NO 3 as nitrogen fertilizer (NF), and its uptake is important to avoid loss of the NF. An alternative solution to enhance the root uptake capacity of Z. mays of NF at a dose to supply Z. mays demand without compromise its health; with beneficial entophytic genera and species of Stenocereus queretaroensis of the type Burkholderia vietnamiensis and Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus. The objectives of this research were: a) to select from the interior of roots of Stenocereus queretaroensis: B. vietnamiensis and G. diazotrophicus, b) to analyze the growth of Z. mays with B. vietnamiensis and G. diazotrophicus and NF at 50%. B. vietnamiensis and G. diazotrophicus were recovered from the roots of S. queretaroensis and inoculated on Z. mays seed with NF. Using the response variables: percentage of emergency, phenology and biomass to seedling and flowering, the experimental data were analyzed by ANOVA-Tukey (P ≤ 0.05). The percentage of emergency, phenology, and biomass at seedling and flowering of Z. mays with B. vietnamiensis and G. diazotrophicus at 50% of NH 4 NO 3 , registered numerical values with statistical difference compared to those obtained in Z. mays without B. vietnamiensis and G. diazotrophicus only with NF at 100% or relative control (RC). This supports that B. vietnamiensis and G. diazotrophicus, entophytes of S. queretaroensis, invading the interior of Z. mays roots, converted metabolites related to root physiology into phytohormones that allowed maximum root uptake of NH 4 NO 3 at 50%.

Although the taxonomy of Burkholderia has been extensively scrutinized, significant uncertainty remains regarding the generic boundaries and composition of this large and heterogeneous taxon. Here we used the amino acid and nucleotide sequences of 106 conserved proteins from 92 species to infer robust maximum likelihood phylogenies with which to investigate the generic structure of Burkholderia sensu lato. These data unambiguously supported five distinct lineages, of which four correspond to Burkholderia sensu stricto and the newly introduced genera Paraburkholderia, Caballeronia, and Robbsia. The fifth lineage was represented by P. rhizoxinica. Based on these findings, we propose 13 new combinations for those species previously described as members of Burkholderia but that form part of Caballeronia. These findings also suggest revision of the taxonomic status of P. rhizoxinica as it is does not form part of any of the genera currently recognized in Burkholderia sensu lato. From a phylogenetic point of view, Burkholderia sensu stricto has a sister relationship with the Caballeronia+Paraburkholderia clade. Also, the lineages represented by P. rhizoxinica and R. andropogonis, respectively, emerged prior to the radiation of the Burkholderia sensu stricto+Caballeronia+Paraburkholderia clade. Our findings therefore constitute a solid framework, not only for supporting current and future taxonomic decisions, but also for studying the evolution of this assemblage of medically, industrially and agriculturally important species.

A study was conducted in green house of Department of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Chhattisgarh during 2015-16 to study the effect of Rhizobium and Phosphorous Solubulizing Bacteria inoculation on growth performance of Acacia nilotica. The treatments were inorganic fertilization only, inoculation with Rhizobium, PSB alone and along with 25 per cent N including control. The Rhizobium isolate from nodule of A. nilotica was found good in its growth at 30 0 C and 6.5-7.5 pH but showed tolerance up to 50 0 C and pH 5.5 to 8. PSB isolate, isolated from rhizosphere zone of A. nilotica plant was found to survive at pH 5, however pH 6 to 7 was found most suitable for its growth. A. nilotica-PSB showed well growth at temperature 30 0 C and decreases with increasing temperature from 35 0 C to 50 0 C. Dual inoculation of A. nilotica with Rhizobium and PSB along with addition of 25 % nitrogen recorded significantly higher shoot length (78.75 cm), root length (53.75cm), collar diameter (6.15mm) and shoot dry biomass accumulation (7.66 g plant-1) over other treatments at 90 DAT. Significantly higher nodulation (38no. and dry weight of nodules 0.283g plant-1) also recorded with Rhizobium + PSB +25 % N at 60 DAT.

As agriculture and food security face unprecedented challenges, emerging agricultural innovations and existing practices require ongoing examination in the context of sustainability. In this review, we focus on the use of probiotic microorganisms for improved plant production. As plants are enormously diverse, emphasis is placed on the fundamental sites of plant-microbe interactions regarding benefits and challenges encountered when altering the microbiome of these locations. The soil, the external plant epidermis, and internal plant tissue are considered in discussion regarding the type of plant probiotic application. Plant probiotics range from broader soil beneficial microorganisms (such as Trichoderma spp.) through to specialised epiphytes and endophytes (such as root nodule bacteria). As each site of interaction affects plant growth differently, potential outcomes from the introduction of these exogenous microorganisms are discussed with regard to plant productivity. Finally, r...

The genus Burkholderia is a large group of species of bacteria that inhabit a wide range of environments. We previously recommended, based on multilocus sequence analysis, that the genus be separated into two distinct groups-one that consists predominantly of human, plant, and animal pathogens, including several opportunistic pathogens, and a second, much larger group of species comprising plant-associated beneficial and environmental species that are primarily known not to be pathogenic. This second group of species is found mainly in soils, frequently in association with plants as plant growth-promoting bacteria. They also possess genetic traits that bestow them with an added potential for agriculture and soil restoration, such as nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, iron sequestration, and xenobiotic degradation, and they are not pathogenic. In this review, we present an update of current information on this second group of Burkholderia species, with the goal of focusing attention on their use in agriculture and environmental remediation. We describe their distribution in the environment, their taxonomy and genetic features, and their relationship with plants as either associative nitrogen-fixers or legume-nodulating/nitrogen-fixing bacteria. We also propose that a concerted and coordinated effort be made by researchers on Burkholderia to determine if a definitive taxonomic split of this very large genus is justified, especially now as we describe here for the first time intermediate groups based upon their 16S rRNA sequences. We need to learn more about the plant-associated Burkholderia strains regarding their potential for pathogenicity, especially in those strains intermediate between the two groups, and to discover whether gene exchange occurs between the symbiotic and pathogenic Burkholderia species. The latter studies will require both field and laboratory analyses of gene loss and gain.

The genus Burkholderia is a large group of species of bacteria that inhabit a wide range of environments. We previously recommended, based on multilocus sequence analysis, that the genus be separated into two distinct groups-one that consists predominantly of human, plant, and animal pathogens, including several opportunistic pathogens, and a second, much larger group of species comprising plant-associated beneficial and environmental species that are primarily known not to be pathogenic. This second group of species is found mainly in soils, frequently in association with plants as plant growth-promoting bacteria. They also possess genetic traits that bestow them with an added potential for agriculture and soil restoration, such as nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, iron sequestration, and xenobiotic degradation, and they are not pathogenic. In this review, we present an update of current information on this second group of Burkholderia species, with the goal of focusing attention on their use in agriculture and environmental remediation. We describe their distribution in the environment, their taxonomy and genetic features, and their relationship with plants as either associative nitrogen-fixers or legume-nodulating/nitrogen-fixing bacteria. We also propose that a concerted and coordinated effort be made by researchers on Burkholderia to determine if a definitive taxonomic split of this very large genus is justified, especially now as we describe here for the first time intermediate groups based upon their 16S rRNA sequences. We need to learn more about the plant-associated Burkholderia strains regarding their potential for pathogenicity, especially in those strains intermediate between the two groups, and to discover whether gene exchange occurs between the symbiotic and pathogenic Burkholderia species. The latter studies will require both field and laboratory analyses of gene loss and gain.

forming rod that can exist as a soil saprophyte or as a legume microsymbiont of Mimosa pigra (giant sensitive plant). LMG 23256T was isolated from a nodule recovered from the roots of the M. pigra growing in Anso, Taiwan. LMG 23256T is highly effective at fixing nitrogen with M. pigra. Here we describe the features of B. mimosarum strain LMG 23256T, together with genome sequence infor-mation and its annotation. The 8,410,967 bp high-quality-draft genome is arranged into 268 scaf-folds of 270 contigs containing 7,800 protein-coding genes and 85 RNA-only encoding genes, and is one of 100 rhizobial genomes sequenced as part of the DOE Joint Genome Institute 2010 Genomic Encyclopedia for Bacteria and Archaea-Root Nodule Bacteria (GEBA-RNB) project.

Although the taxonomy of Burkholderia has been extensively scrutinized, significant uncertainty remains regarding the generic boundaries and composition of this large and heterogeneous taxon. Here we used the amino acid and nucleotide sequences of 106 conserved proteins from 92 species to infer robust maximum likelihood phylogenies with which to investigate the generic structure of Burkholderia sensu lato. These data unambiguously supported five distinct lineages, of which four correspond to Burkholderia sensu stricto and the newly introduced genera Paraburkholderia, Caballeronia, and Robbsia. The fifth lineage was represented by P. rhizoxinica. Based on these findings, we propose 13 new combinations for those species previously described as members of Burkholderia but that form part of Caballeronia. These findings also suggest revision of the taxonomic status of P. rhizoxinica as it is does not form part of any of the genera currently recognized in Burkholderia sensu lato. From a phylogenetic point of view, Burkholderia sensu stricto has a sister relationship with the Caballeronia+Paraburkholderia clade. Also, the lineages represented by P. rhizoxinica and R. andropogonis, respectively, emerged prior to the radiation of the Burkholderia sensu stricto+Caballeronia+Paraburkholderia clade. Our findings therefore constitute a solid framework, not only for supporting current and future taxonomic decisions, but also for studying the evolution of this assemblage of medically, industrially and agriculturally important species.

10.1601/nm.26956 caballeronis is a plant-associated bacterium. Strain TNe-841T was isolated from the rhizosphere of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. lycopersicum) growing in Nepantla Mexico State. Initially this bacterium was found to effectively nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris L. However, from an analysis of the genome of strain TNe-841T and from repeat inoculation experiments, we found that this strain did not nodulate bean and also lacked nodulation genes, suggesting that the genes were lost. The genome consists of 7,115,141 bp with a G + C content of 67.01%. The sequence includes 6251 protein-coding genes and 87 RNA genes.

Rhizobium mesoamericanum STM6155 (INSCD = ATYY01000000) is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-sporeforming rod that can exist as a soil saprophyte or as an effective nitrogen fixing microsymbiont of the legume Mimosa pudica L.. STM6155 was isolated in 2009 from a nodule of the trap host M. pudica grown in nickel-rich soil collected near Mont Dore, New Caledonia. R. mesoamericanum STM6155 was selected as part of the DOE Joint Genome Institute 2010 Genomic Encyclopedia for Bacteria and Archaea-Root Nodule Bacteria (GEBA-RNB) genome sequencing project. Here we describe the symbiotic properties of R. mesoamericanum STM6155, together with its genome sequence information and annotation. The 6,927,906 bp high-quality draft genome is arranged into 147 scaffolds of 152 contigs containing 6855 protein-coding genes and 71 RNA-only encoding genes. Strain STM6155 forms an ANI clique (ID 2435) with the sequenced R. mesoamericanum strain STM3625, and the nodulation genes are highly conserved in these strains and the type strain of Rhizobium grahamii CCGE501 T . Within the STM6155 genome, we have identified a chr chromate efflux gene cluster of six genes arranged into two putative operons and we postulate that this cluster is important for the survival of STM6155 in ultramafic soils containing high concentrations of chromate.

Paraburkholderia caballeronis is a plant-associated bacterium. Strain TNe-841 T was isolated from the rhizosphere of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. lycopersicum) growing in Nepantla Mexico State. Initially this bacterium was found to effectively nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris L. However, from an analysis of the genome of strain TNe-841 T and from repeat inoculation experiments, we found that this strain did not nodulate bean and also lacked nodulation genes, suggesting that the genes were lost. The genome consists of 7,115,141 bp with a G + C content of 67.01%. The sequence includes 6251 protein-coding genes and 87 RNA genes.

Ensifer sp. PC2 is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod that was isolated from a nitrogen-fixing nodule of the tree legume P. cineraria (L.) Druce (Khejri), which is a keystone species that grows in arid and semi-arid regions of the Indian Thar desert. Strain PC2 exists as a dominant saprophyte in alkaline soils of Western Rajasthan. It is fast growing, well-adapted to arid conditions and is able to form an effective symbiosis with several annual crop legumes as well as species of mimosoid trees and shrubs. Here we describe the features of Ensifer sp. PC2, together with genome sequence information and its annotation. The 8,458,965 bp high-quality permanent draft genome is arranged into 171 scaffolds of 171 contigs containing 8,344 protein-coding genes and 139 RNA-only encoding genes, and is one of the rhizobial genomes sequenced as part of the DOE Joint Genome Institute 2010 Genomic Encyclopedia for Bacteria and Archaea-Root Nodule Bacteria (GEBA-RNB) project proposal.

The genus Burkholderia is a large group of species of bacteria that inhabit a wide range of environments. We previously recommended, based on multilocus sequence anal- ysis, that the genus be separated into two distinct groups—one that consists predominantly of human, plant, and animal path- ogens, including several opportunistic pathogens, and a sec- ond, much larger group of species comprising plant-associated beneficial and environmental species that are primarily known not to be pathogenic. This second group of species is found mainly in soils, frequently in association with plants as plant growth-promoting bacteria. They also possess genetic traits that bestow them with an added potential for agriculture and soil restoration, such as nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubili- zation, iron sequestration, and xenobiotic degradation, and they are not pathogenic. In this review, we present an update of current information on this second group of Burkholderia species, with the goal of focusing attention on their use in agriculture and environmental remediation. We describe their distribution in the environment, their taxonomy and genetic eatures, and their relationship with plants as either associative nitrogen-fixers or legume-nodulating/nitrogen-fixing bacteria. We also propose that a concerted and coordinated effort be made by researchers on Burkholderia to determine if a defin- itive taxonomic split of this very large genus is justified, es- pecially now as we describe here for the first time intermediate groups based upon their 16S rRNA sequences. We need to learn more about the plant-associated Burkholderia strains regarding their potential for pathogenicity, especially in those strains intermediate between the two groups, and to discover whether gene exchange occurs between the symbiotic and pathogenic Burkholderia species. The latter studies will re- quire both field and laboratory analyses of gene loss and gain.

Burkholderia mimosarum strain LMG 23256(T) is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod that can exist as a soil saprophyte or as a legume microsymbiont of Mimosa pigra (giant sensitive plant). LMG 23256(T) was isolated from a nodule recovered from the roots of the M. pigra growing in Anso, Taiwan. LMG 23256(T) is highly effective at fixing nitrogen with M. pigra. Here we describe the features of B. mimosarum strain LMG 23256(T), together with genome sequence information and its annotation. The 8,410,967 bp high-quality-draft genome is arranged into 268 scaffolds of 270 contigs containing 7,800 protein-coding genes and 85 RNA-only encoding genes, and is one of 100 rhizobial genomes sequenced as part of the DOE Joint Genome Institute 2010 Genomic Encyclopedia for Bacteria and Archaea-Root Nodule Bacteria (GEBA-RNB) project.

Burkholderia sp. strain WSM2230 is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming acid-tolerant rod isolated from acidic soil collected in 2001 from Karijini National Park, Western Australia, using Kennedia coccinea (Coral Vine) as a host. WSM2230 was initially effective in nitrogen-fixation with K. coccinea, but subsequently lost symbiotic competence. Here we describe the features of Burkholderia sp. strain WSM2230, together with genome sequence information and its annotation. The 6,309,801 bp high-quality-draft genome is arranged into 33 scaffolds of 33 contigs containing 5,590 protein-coding genes and 63 RNA-only encoding genes. The genome sequence of WSM2230 failed to identify nodulation genes and provides an explanation for the observed failure of the laboratory grown strain to nodulate. The genome of this strain is one of 100 sequenced as part of the DOE Joint Genome Institute 2010 Genomic Encyclopedia for Bacteria and Archaea-Root Nodule Bacteria (GEBA-RNB) project.

Burkholderia sp. strain WSM2232 is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming acid-tolerant rod that was trapped in 2001 from acidic soil collected from Karijini National Park (Australia) using Gastrolobium capitatum as a host. WSM2232 was effective in nitrogen fixation with G. capitatum but subsequently lost symbiotic competence during long-term storage. Here we describe the features of Burkholderia sp. strain WSM2232, together with genome sequence information and its annotation. The 7,208,311 bp standard-draft genome is arranged into 72 scaffolds of 72 contigs containing 6,322 protein-coding genes and 61 RNA-only encoding genes. The loss of symbiotic capability can now be attributed to the loss of nodulation and nitrogen fixation genes from the genome. This rhizobial genome is one of 100 sequenced as part of the DOE Joint Genome Institute 2010 Genomic Encyclopedia for Bacteria and Archaea-Root Nodule Bacteria (GEBA-RNB) project.