Research on Coffee

Floods are serious hazard in Indonesia. A number of 118 flood disasters were recorded between 1980 and 2010. In the beginning of January 2014, during two weeks, the Capital City of Indonesia, Jakarta, and outlying areas have experienced continued rains causing river overflows and inundation. Thousands of houses, buildings, and roads were flooded. Approximately 134,662 persons or 38,672 households in 100 urban villages were directly affected by the flood. At least 62,819 persons were displaced and sheltered in 253 displacement centers. Telephone lines and electricity networks were disrupted. Floodwaters blocked some major roads. Flood water levels varied from 0.2 m up to 1.2 m and were at around 2 m at the river banks. Flood disaster as an environmental hazard are influenced by many factors including change in climate, and socio economic development. Prolonged and intense rainfall, an increasing amount of runoff, and human activities are considered to cause flooding in this country. The section of Ciliwung in Jakarta is heavily polluted. Informal settlements or slums flourished on the banks of Ciliwung, increasing the amount of waste and reducing the surface area of the river. Some canals were completely blocked by slums and people created informal gardens inside by drying the canals. Water maintenance and ecological awareness are minimal. With many of the original forest converted into settlements within the watershed area, flooding is experienced annually. The Cibodas Biosphere Reserve includes Gede and Pangrango Mounts National Park and Botanical Garden. It is an upstream area to the city of Jakarta and has played an important role to conserve water and control flooding of Ciliwung River Jakarta. Ciliwung, the main river flows into a densely populated area in Jakarta. The catchment area is around 337 km 2 with 110 km length of river. The average annual rainfall is 2,500 mm. Ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction (Eco-DRR) is very needed to be implemented in the Biosphere Reserve integrated management, i.e.: in the ecosystem of mountain forests, includes vegetation on hillsides; wetlands, riverbank coastal and dry land ecosystems. It will emphasis on investments in sustainable development, especially in the prevention phases or conservation.

Background: Assessing the risk levels faced by smallholder Arabica coffee farmers is essential for identifying potential threats and evaluating suitable mitigation strategies. W hile various studies have employed diverse methodological approaches, this research focuses on prioritizing risks and providing accurate methods for risk assessment to inform effective recommendations. Methods: The study involved data collection from 183 participants, comprising 173 coffee farmers and 10 key informants. The evaluation of production risk levels utilized the coefficient of variation to analyze variability. Additional risk assessments were conducted using the BW M (best-worst method) and ARP (aggregate risk priority) approaches. Result: The study revealed that the production risk level for Arabica coffee farming is moderate as perceived by farmers. A total of 33 risk events were identified, originating from 32 risk agents. Benchmarking using the BWM and ARP methods yielded differing risk prioritization outcomes for mitigation strategies. The BWM method highlighted biological and environmental risks as the most critical, whereas the ARP method identified weather-related risks as requiring immediate attention. The analysis further demonstrated that the ARP method provided more accurate risk assessment results in the context of the case study compared to the BW M method. The ARP approach identifies weather risk as the top priority for mitigation, with the highest value of 304.59 attributed to the lack of flowering and fruiting caused by low photosynthesis rates due to high cloud cover (E1).

This research study effectively attempted to estimate the trends in the area and production of onion in selected districts of Karnataka state. Onions are widely cultivated and used around the world. India is the second-largest onion producer in the world. For the present study the secondary data for 24 years dated from 19998-99 to 2021-22, collected on the area and production of onion for Vijayapura and Chitradurga districts of Karnataka from the official website of the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (2020), Department of Agriculture, Government of Karnataka. The data was analyzed through selected linear, quadratic, cubic, quartic, exponential and logistic models. The best-fit model was selected based on minimum Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Average Percentage Error (MAPE) values and highest R 2 Value. Results depicted that the quartic model was found best fit for the area of onion and the cubic model was found best fit for the production of onion in the Vijayapura district with fluctuation in trend. The quadratic model was found best fit for the area and production of onion in the Chitradurga district of Karnataka indicating an increasing trend.

Water is the primary medium for coffee extraction, constituting over 95% of the beverage, yet its chemical composition is often overlooked in specialty coffee production. This paper examines the influence of key water quality parameters—Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), hardness, alkalinity, pH, and residual disinfectants such as chlorine—on coffee flavor, extraction efficiency, and equipment performance. It identifies common water-related problems, including off-flavors, scaling, and inconsistent extraction, and presents practical treatment solutions, including carbon and particulate filtration, reverse osmosis, water softening, and mineral adjustment. The study also addresses equipment and plumbing considerations, system selection, and maintenance protocols to ensure consistent water quality. By systematically managing water composition and implementing monitoring strategies, coffee professionals can optimize sensory quality, achieve flavor consistency across brewing methods, and extend equipment longevity. The findings provide a structured approach for integrating water management into specialty coffee operations, transforming water from a routine ingredient into a critical factor in achieving high-quality coffee.

The burgeoning market for Philippine coffee presents significant opportunities; however, persistent and emerging stressors threaten its sustainability. This paper examines the hazards, vulnerabilities, and risks (HVRs) impacting the coffee supply chain in the Philippines' leading coffee-producing regions, emphasizing the intricate interplay of climatic, biological, economic, and social factors. Through qualitative methods, the study reveals that irregular weather patterns, intensified by climate change, disrupt production cycles, leading to reduced yields and lower farmer incomes. Extreme weather events, such as typhoons, exacerbate these challenges by triggering landslides in mountainous areas. Furthermore, socioeconomic issues-including youth migration, an aging farmer population, rising production costs, and intensified competition-heighten the sector's vulnerability. The indebtedness of farmers to traders, coupled with limited access to formal financial services, introduces critical risks. Additionally, the small-scale nature of the industry renders it vulnerable to price instability. The findings elucidate how these HVRs present significant obstacles throughout the production, processing, and distribution phases, necessitating coordinated policy interventions to address these challenges. Strengthening agricultural climate actions, enhancing financial literacy, and reinforcing traceability standards are essential measures. Engaging youth is also crucial for fostering innovation and ensuring long-term sustainability.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of Arabica coffee bean extract cream (Coffea arabica) from Wamena in reducing MMP-1 levels and increasing collagen density in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to UV-B light. Methods: This is a post-test only control group design experimental study using male rats as subjects. Each group was exposed to UV light and smeared with coffee bean cream extract from Wamena every day. Then the back skin tissue was taken and the amount of collagen was examined by Picro Sirius Red staining and MMP1 levels were examined by ELISA staining. Results: The mean MMP-1 levels in groups P1, P2, and P3 respectively 7.57 ± 0.70, 5.99 ± 0.60, and 4.57 ± 0.36. The average percentage of collagen in the P1, P2, and P3 groups was 72.23 ± 4.42, 77.80 ± 2.73, and 81.05 ± 2.77, respectively. The average MMP-1 level decreased with the increasing dose of Wamena arabica coffee bean extract cream. The mean percentage of collagen increased with increasing doses of Wamena arabica coffee bean extract cream in experimental animals. Conclusion: Administration of 3% and 6% Wamena Arabica coffee bean extract cream can inhibit the increase in MMP-1 levels and can increase the amount of collagen in male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to UV-B light.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

The article focuses on the history of Brazilian–Icelandic coffee trade in the first half of the 20th century by putting the issue into a broader context of globalization and transatlantic trade. Based on official trade reports and newspapers of the time, it explores not only the economic dimension of the issue, but also its cultural aspects to answer the following question: what was the role of Brazil-the leading coffee producer and supplier in 1900–1940 in the formation of a unique Icelandic coffee culture? To begin with, the article finds the reciprocal influence of trade and culture, as coffee brought new forms of social interaction and new social conflicts to Iceland, whose inhabitants witnessed new phenomena in their daily lives. Besides, it reveals new links in the transatlantic trade system, as Brazil and Iceland, both previously having been on the margins of the postcolonial trade system, gradually established direct trade ties which, in turn, led to more mutually beneficial sales conditions. Moreover, the increasing bilateral trade caused a spillover of economic cooperation into culture, as new images – both literally and figuratively – of Brazil spread among Icelandic intellectuals and photo enthusiasts. The article also presents new datasets on annual imports of unroasted coffee into Iceland in 1912–1945, on average annual prices of coffee imports into Iceland in 1914–1945, and on shares of leading coffee importers in the Icelandic market – all these can be used for further research into the issue of transatlantic coffee trade.

Background. With growing consumer health consciousness, there is an increasing demand for value-added food products that offer greater nutritional benefits and improved sensory profiles. Enhancing traditional foods with functional ingredients provides a vital avenue for meeting this demand. Materials and methods. This study describes the preparation and analysis of gingerbread enriched with 10% green coffee and 10% cascara. The formulated samples were analysed to determine their nutritional composition, antioxidant characteristics, chlorogenic acid content, and caffeine content, and they were subjected to a sensory evaluation. Results. The ash content in the gingerbread samples ranged from 1.16% to 1.34%, with the sample containing 10% green coffee exhibiting the highest crude protein level at 10.57%. The antioxidant capacity was between 0.91 mg TEAC/g and 1.5 mg TEAC/g, with the green coffee sample containing the highest total polyphenol content at 1.38 mg GAE/g. Caloric values remained consistent across all samples at approximately 45.700 kcal/100 g. Additionally, minerals including copper, zinc, manganese and iron were detected in the enriched gingerbread samples, while no detectable levels of risk elements (cadmium, lead or mercury) were observed. The addition of green coffee and cascara significantly (p < 0.005) increased the concentrations of chlorogenic, neo-chlorogenic and crypto-chlorogenic acids. The green coffee had a caffeine concentration of 303.67 μg/g. The sensory evaluation generated positive feedback, especially regarding aroma and taste, indicating that the addition of green coffee and cascara enhanced the product's nutritional and sensory properties. Conclusions. This study suggests that gingerbread enriched with green coffee and cascara presents an appealing option for health-conscious consumers, offering a pastry that maintains its freshness with the added

Agricultural production and productivity forecasts are useful for farmers, policy makers and industries. In the present study, an auto-regressive and moving average model (ARIMA) has been applied for modelling and forecasting of annual coffee production and productivity in India. The augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test has been used to test the stationarity of time series. The appropriate ARIMA model has selected based on the minimum Akaike information criterion (AIC). The residuals of the fitted models were diagnosed for the possible presence of autocorrelation and white noise effects, and Forecasts models are continuously increasing over the forecast period.

Protests started all over the world in the last quarter of 2023 after israel launched an aerial bombardment campaign on Gaza. türkiye was one of the countries where large-scale protests against israel took place. organized and individual street protests as well as campaigns for boycotting israeli products were initiated. Protesters went to starbucks stores to tell customers to reconsider drinking starbucks coffee after the company stated it would sue its union for announcing its support for Palestine. casualties occurred despite statements from the turkish branch of the company regarding their neutrality in political issues. i attempt to discuss that the nature of these attacks is anti-Western, rather than anti-Zionist by tracing the politics of coffee, coffeehouse chains and the public sphere. i conclude that coffeehouse chains, especially starbucks, function as iconic carriers of Western values but they should be seen as a global cultural phenomenon in a rapidly changing world.

Empowerment is an effort to provide power (empowerment) or strengthening to the community. This study aims to analyse the role of stakeholders in empowering coffee farmer groups in Dempo Tengah District, Pagar Alam City, South Sumatra. The main focus of the research is to identify how the government, private sector, and the farmer groups themselves contribute to enhancing the technical and marketing capacities of coffee farmers. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. Informants consist of key stakeholders, namely representatives from t h e government, private sector (NGOs and coffee business actors), and members of the Gapoktan Beguyur farmer group. Data were analysed using MAXQDA software to identify themes and patterns of actor involvement. The results show that the government plays a dominant role as a facilitator, regulator, and dynamizer through the provision of technical training, production facilities, and access to financing. The private sector serves as a strategic partner in downstream processing, branding enhancement, and market access through packaging design training, digital marketing, and product promotion. Meanwhile, the farmer groups play a crucial role in internal consolidation, joint production management, and strengthening social capital to support the sustainability of empowerment programmes. Collaboration among stakeholders has proven to enhance farmers' abilities to manage their farming businesses independently and expand market networks.

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The coffee grounds CG are considered as a solid residue generated by consumers of ground coffee.For this purpose, three samples of dry coffee grounds DCG and its oily extract (Sample 1: Arabica, Sample 2: Robusta, Sample 3: mixture of two varieties) were subjected to a physicochemical characterization, quantification of primary and secondary metabolites and the mineral salts determination.The results show that the DCG of the three samples is a good source of carbohydrates with a max of 65.31±0.67%. In fact, the oil DCG extraction provided a yield with a maximum of 15.01±0.9%. The obtained values for the different physicochemical quality indices (refractive index RI , acidity index AI , ester index EI , saponification index SI and peroxide index PI),showed the conformity of the studied oils to the standards. Laquantification of secondary metabolites showed that the oily extract of mixture of two varieties is the richest in polyphenols with a value of 50.28±13.32 mg GAE/gr, on the other hand, the Robusta variety was found to be the richest in flavonoids (337.12±22.66 mg CE/gr).

Evaluating plant diversity in an agroforestry site is crucial for understanding the system, as vegetation is crucial for sustaining natural ecological processes and serves as a valuable resource for human consumption. This study aims to determine the tree species diversity of a coffee-based agroforestry system in a state university in La Union, Philippines. This research determined the species composition, density, frequency, dominance, importance value, and conservation status of the plant species, and also their richness, diversity, and evenness. A stratified sampling design was used in establishing quadrats. The study identified a total of 108 individuals across different vegetation layers, including 26 trees (16 species, 10 families), 38 saplings (12 species, 10 families), and 44 nontree flora (14 species, 9 families), with Rain Tree (Samanea saman) and Coffee species (Coffea canephora and Coffea liberica) being the most dominant, highlighting a mixed native and introduced species composition within a coffee-based agroforestry system. The diversity is low (H' = 1.79) for the saplings, while the non-tree and tree species are both categorized as moderate, with H' of 2.15 and 2.65, respectively. However, there is a very high species evenness for tree species of (0.96) indicating extremely balanced community, while moderate evenness for saplings and non-tree species showed well-balanced community at a high evenness with a value of 0.72 and 0.83 respectively. This study offers valuable insights into the plant diversity of a managed coffee-based agroforestry system. Future studies may explore the implementation of strategies aimed at enhancing biodiversity within the coffee-based agroforestry system.

In this chapter, we aimed to analyze the attitudes of coffee consumers towards the ecological usage of coffee grounds, including sorting coffee grounds and willingness to pay a surcharge for composting coffee grounds in cafes. The study examined how these attitudes differed based on respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics. We summarized previously published research on a more general level and analyzed data from a questionnaire survey with 3,504 coffee consumers in the Czech Republic. The focus is on 11 statistically significant results: greater interest in ecology among women and coffee consumers with higher education; willingness to pay extra by young consumers for coffee, after the preparation of which the coffee grounds were sorted; and mainly the sorting of coffee grounds at home, dependent on gender, age, family situation, residence, and level of education. We also approximate the significant differences in consumers’ proclaimed patterns of market behavior for coffee and of ecological behavior depending on the division into urban or rural consumers, including possible implications.

The presence of pests in large numbers, whether insects, animals, or other organisms of the same species, can cause severe harm to your coffee plantation. This sudden and widespread invasion can result in complete crop destruction and disrupt the normal progress of agriculture. Coffee plantations are also susceptible to this menace.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan konsumen dalam mengunjungi Bun Kopi, sebuah coffee shop lokal yang berkembang pesat
di Kota Palembang. Pemahaman terhadap perilaku konsumen menjadi aspek penting dalam
strategi pemasaran, khususnya dalam industri kuliner yang sangat kompetitif

This is a study at many levels of very current and seemingly expansive gelato entrepreneurship in Bangkok. Thailand is a country of many waves of food importation over the years. Countries of origin perhaps most obviously include Portugal and China, but also Italy. This study particularly focuses on the motivations and attitudes of current gelato entrepreneurs, especially in the early years of their businesses at and shortly after start-up. All started the businesses they run. However, the study had a further aim, to place gelato culturally in contemporary Bangkok society. Is its currency part of what cultural anthropologists label a culture "vibe", culturally highly on-trend and what associations might that bring with other product categories? Out of such a mixture of aims came the simple research questions of 1. What are the attitudes and motivations of entrepreneurs within the contemporary gelato Industry of Bangkok, Thailand. 2. What sense do entrepreneurs within the contemporary gelato industry of Bangkok have of the place of their businesses in broader contemporary lifestyles and culture of the city and of the history of food in Thailand. These were to be researched in greater Bangkok, through qualitative inquiry, mainly based on formal semi-structured interviews of gelato business owners but also including observation and lengthy informal discussion with owners. The research revealed that the entrepreneurs were very much aligned with descriptors of artisanal entrepreneurship, such as lack of concern to maximise income or profit and a positive concern to educate customers. Relative to seeing their product and themselves as placed within contemporary society there was only a vague sense of being culturally and commercially on-trend and that as part of their choosing gelato entrepreneurship. However, when specific connections were mentioned, the strongest responses appeared lukewarm, and referring to the generality of social media as a necessary presence for start-up and young businesses at this time.

Pinus krempfii Lecomte [Ducampopinus krempfii (Lecomte) A. Chev, local name Thông lá dẹt] is a rare endemic Pinales occuring in the central highlands Tay Nguyen of Viet Nam. Our previous paper reported the isolation and structural elucidation of six flavonoids from ethyl acetate and one lignan from n-buthanol of its root bark. Continuing study on this species, this paper describes the identification of 27 components from the n-hexane extract of itsroot barks by GC-MS using data processing software. Two of them, nerolidol and chromoneswith highest amount (13.79%, and 18.05%, respectively), which showed high bioactivities.

Coffee is one of the world’s highest-value commodities, ranking second after petroleum. Worldwide, Coffee is grown on 12.5 million farms, the output is estimated to provide sales of about 19 billion USD in 2017 alone (Voora et al., 2019). Coffee farming is a changing component of the local economy, primarily driven by smallholder farmers (Hlavackova & Brezina, 2015). However, farmers face critical decisions regarding the choice of marketing channels through which they sell their coffee (Jaramillo et al., 2013) and choice of marketing channels affects farmers’ income (Sarma & Pais, 2008).This study examines the factors influencing smallholder farmers' choice of coffee marketing channels, the challenges they encounter in engaging with these channels and the prices they offer in Wakiso sub-county, Wakiso district. It was a cross-sectional survey that was conducted by use of both closed and open ended questionnaire. Quantitative data was collected from a total of 114 smallholder coffee farmers. SPSS version 20 and excel were employed to analyze descriptive statistics and to assess the significance of these factors and challenges. Findings indicate that most of the respondents (49.1%) used farmer-wholesaler marketing channel followed by 25.4% using farmer-processor channel, 20.2% using direct market/ trade among other like farmer-exporter. The channels offered prices basing on the quality of farmers’ coffee, between 500UGX-1,000UGX for wet and 1,100UGX-2,500UGX for dried coffee by farmer-direct market, 1,100UGX-1,500UGX for wet and 3,000UGX-4,000UGX for dried coffee by farmer-wholesaler channel while farmer-processors offered 3000UGX and above of which wet coffee was not involved. The result revealed that reliability emerged as the most influential factor where farmers looked at how the channel would fulfill its obligations and promises followed by accessibility where farmers looked at meaningful interaction and ease to use the channel. Convenience was a significant factor and farmers looked at how flexible they are while using a given channel. Challenges included high transport charges, faulty weighing scales, and price fluctuations across all channels. Addressing these factors and challenges requires collaborative efforts among stakeholders like policy makers, farmers, consumers, UCDA, MAAIF and others to promote fairness, transparency, and resilience in coffee trade, ultimately enhancing the livelihoods of smallholder coffee farmers in Wakiso sub-county and fostering sustainable development in coffee-producing regions.

This article explores the historical development of locally owned coffee plantations and smallholdings in Papua New Guinea with descriptions of boom times some twenty years go and the gradual demise of the plantation sector in recent times. Graphic descriptions are provided of contributing factors such as deteriorating law and order, tribal conflicts, fiscal mismanagement , faulting on loan repayments, land misuse , inadequate rehabilitation of existing trees, poor roads, and inadequate communication infrastructure, business management expertise, working capital and dissemination of research findings. While all stakeholders need to accept responsibility for the state of the plantation sector, the author argues for the coffee government agencies to take a leading role to revitalise the industry, particularly in the areas of extension, management training and advisory services.

Presented paper deals with the gender pay gap in the public and private education sector as an indicator of gender inequality in the labor market and seeks its determinants in close connection with the declaration of a state locked down during the COVID 19 pandemic in Slovakia. In Slovakia, this pay gap has been, in the long term, one of the highest in the European union. Slovak women earn about 22 % less than men in average, which results in them being more threatened by poverty as well as achieving lower pensions. Sectors of labor market, where women predominate, are considered to be less prestigious and are associated with lower wages, the education sector is undoubtedly one of them. Career progress of women is made even more difficult by gender stereotypes and career breaks due to maternity and they are also more burdened with household care and childcare.  Using the secondary analysis of data from the sample survey this paper analyzes the position of women in the labor market a...

Introduction: The genetic diversity of Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora), a cornerstone in the global coffee industry, remains not fully explored, leading to a significant gap in our understanding of its sensory intricacies. Our study evaluated the sensory quality potential of the Robusta cultivars from the INERA Coffee Collection in Yangambi (the Democratic Republic of the Congo), the local wild diversity, and their hybrids. Methods: We evaluated the sensory attributes of 70 genotypes representing the genetic structure of the coffee collection. Of those 70, 22 genotypes were evaluated for two consecutive years to assess the consistency of the sensory quality. Standard coffee cupping with the Fine Robusta Standards and Protocols was enhanced through sensory descriptors from the Coffee Taster's Flavor Wheel. Each genotype's sensory profile was constructed based on the Total cupping score and the frequency of reported sensory descriptors. The Total cupping score ranged from 75.75 to 84.75, with a substantial variation in sensory profiles, even within a genetic cluster. Results and discussion: Nutty/Cocoa was the most frequently reported descriptor class. The sensory profile ideotype exhibits a high frequency of Fruity, Sweet, and Sour/Fermented descriptors and a low frequency of Green/ Vegetative, Other, and Roasted descriptors. Evidence suggests that the sensory profile of a genotype is consistent over two harvest years. Genotypes with promising and unique sensory profiles were discovered within the cultivars and the wild-cultivar hybrids. The genetic diversity of wild and cultivated Robusta in the Democratic Republic of the Congo could play an essential role in understanding and improving its sensory quality.

First published in the American Chronicle, Buzzle and AfroArticles on the 30th September 2007

Mentioned and included in the bibliography, here:
https://studentshare.org/business/1523061-international-trade-master-essay

Republished on the 13th February 2025 here:
https://megalommatis.wordpress.com/out-of-africa-sidama-land-coffee-economics-politics-and-povertyv/

First published in the American Chronicle, Buzzle and AfroArticles on the 29th September 2007

Republished in September 2007 here:
https://oromiatimes.blogspot.com/2007/09/coffee-colonialism-and-capitalism.html

Mentioned and included in the bibliography here:
https://studentshare.org/business/1523061-international-trade-master-essay

Republished on the 12th February 2025 here:
https://megalommatis.wordpress.com/coffee-colonialism-and-capitalism-introduction-to-ethiopian-tyranny/

This study looks into the effects of modern and traditional coffeeshops on the mental health of customers in the Saudi Arabian province of Al Qassim, with a focus on the cities of Buraydah and Unaizah. The proliferation of diverse coffeeshop kinds has resulted in the emergence of each giving a distinct experience and atmosphere. Understanding the impact of different coffee shop types on mental well-being is critical for the creation of long-lasting and prosperous coffee communities in Al Qassim. The study addresses five major concerns: the impact of coffee shops on consumers' sense of autonomy and empowerment, the impact of environmental stimuli on psychological well-being, the role of quality and satisfaction in shaping coffee shop experiences, strategies for bridging the gap between modern and traditional coffeeshops. To gain insights, a thorough research technique was used, which included a qualitative literature review, talks, and observations. The findings emphasize the considerable impact of modern and traditional coffeeshops on mental health, underlining the necessity of collaboration and sustainability in cultivating an inclusive coffee culture that improves the well-being of the Al Qassim society.

The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having cellulolytic enhancing activity and isolated nucleic acids encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the nucleic acids as well as methods for producing and using the polypeptides.

The civetry sites of African Civet were investigated in the Aridstey forest Western Ethiopia during August 2017-January 2018. The civetry sites were identified and the scent marking sites were also located. The scent markings were at the height of 32-39 cm above the ground and the civets scent marked mostly on Eucalyptus sp., Clausenia anisata, and Capsicum annuum in the present study area.

In the present study, we have used Box-Jenkins approaches an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model (ARIMA) for modeling and forecasting of annual amount of Arabica and Robusta coffee production and yield (ARCPY) in India. In this study used time series data was collected from the official website of the coffee board of India from 1986 to 2023 (38 observations). Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test has used for testing the stationarity of the time series, and the appropriate ARIMA model has selected based on minimum Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The ARIMA models has compared with the other ARIMA models with respect to forecast accuracy measures, and the residuals has diagnosed for possible presence of autocorrelation, and white noise heteroscedasticity (WNH) test of the fitted models. The MAPE value of ACP and ACY has 8.94 and 9.35 percent respectively shows highly accurate forecasting percentage rate respectively. While, the MAPE value of RCP and RCY has 16.03 and 11.43 percent respectively shows good accurate forecasting percentage rate respectively. Thus, we found the ARIMA (2, 1, 4), (3, 1, 2), (0, 1, 3) and Original Research Article

The coffee by-product market represents a transformative paradigm in the coffee industry, capitalizing on previously overlooked resources and generating economic value through sustainable practices. We will explore the multifaceted opportunities and economic benefits stemming from the
utilization of coffee by-products, and the diverse applications and industries that contribute to its economic significance. The economic value attributed to the coffee by-product market encompasses
the overall sum of transactions and economic activities associated with the utilization, processing, and commercialization of coffee by-products. This encompasses the worth derived from diverse applications and industries that harness coffee by-products to generate products, services, and various economic opportunities. Coffee by-products, once considered waste, now serve as valuable feedstock for energy production, driving cost-saving initiatives. From coffee grounds powering
biofuel generation to coffee husks fueling biomass energy plants, the industry is witnessing an impactful shift towards renewable and eco-friendly energy sources, mitigating operational expenses
and bolstering financial resilience. The convergence of sustainability and innovation finds expression in the food and beverage sector, where coffee cherry pulp and cascara are harnessed for the production
of functional food ingredients and nutraceuticals. Leveraging the rich antioxidants and nutritional benefits of coffee by-products, this burgeoning market segment presents lucrative opportunities, while
also promoting health-conscious choices for consumers. Apart from its conventional applications, the coffee by-product market has a significant impact on sustainable infrastructure development. Coffee
silverskin, renowned for its remarkable insulating properties, presents an opportunity to transform building materials, leading to energy-efficient construction and decreased long-term operational expenses. Furthermore, coffee silverskin offers opportunities for market diversification, particularly in niche segments like artisanal products. Through the transformation of coffee cherry pulp into biochar, agricultural practices experience a rejuvenation, benefiting from improved soil health and
enhanced nutrient retention. In conclusion, coffee by-products play a crucial role in driving the coffee industry towards a sustainable future in line with circular economy principles. Coffee by-products
possess immense potential to create significant economic opportunities for coffee-producing regions, fostering growth and prosperity within these communities. They can capitalize on their abundant
availability of these products and explore various avenues for utilization. The economic value of the coffee by-product market represents a dynamic amalgamation of innovation, environmental
consciousness, and sound economic principles. Regulatory support and consumer demand for sustainable practices further amplify the market’s potential, creating a compelling incentive for
stakeholders to embrace the transformation from waste to wealth.

The problem statement for this study was how to improve the sustainability of the Arabica coffee bean growing industry in Chiang Rai and Chiang Mai in Northern Thailand. The focus from that was how to improve the quality of the beans to optimise sale price whilst also maximising yield to optimise income. Another issue arises, particularly in the era of global warming and increased environmental concern, which is embracing commercial imperatives whilst also being environmentally friendly. To that extent a general toolkit of actions can be proposed for the production process but concurrently seeking not simply to sustain the Arabica industry but the whole local environment, its flora and fauna and farming and other families. The final question then becomes how relevant general concepts are in specific local areas of particular terroir (simplifying, soil, climate and topography, particularly altitude) and how adaptive they need to be not only in terms of the geophysical environment but also the human environment and its traditions. Detailed testimony was received from local farmers.

Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages globally, and its effects on health have been the subject of extensive research. Among the various health outcomes studied, the relationship between coffee consumption and cholesterol levels-particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol-has garnered significant attention. The evidence suggests that the long-term consumption of certain types of coffee, particularly unfiltered coffee, can significantly increase LDL cholesterol levels, contributing to a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease. This document presents a comprehensive overview of the research supporting this claim, highlighting the critical compounds in coffee responsible for raising cholesterol and the impact of different brewing methods on health outcomes.

Mocha City Novel is the first novel about the history of coffee in the city of Mocha. In the seventeenth century, Yemenis, Arabs, British, French, Indians, Muslims, Jews and Christians meet. The secrets of coffee in the cradle of coffee.

رواية موكا سيتي أول رواية عن تاريخ البن في مدينة المخا، في القرن السابع عشر يلتقي اليمنيون والعرب والبريطانيون والفرنسيون والهنود والمسلمون واليهود والمسيحيون، أسرار البن في مهد البن

رواية موكا سيتي سيرة ذاتية في تاريخ القهوة
سمير محمد

In today's dynamic and highly competitive global coffee venture, developing a strong startup plan is critical for aspiring entrepreneurs who want to effectively navigate the complex landscape of business development. This publication, the "Oasis Brew Strategy Blueprint: Navigating the Path to Entrepreneurial Excellence," is a thorough guide that will help entrepreneurs begin and sustain their businesses. The blueprint is methodically laid out to provide strategic insights from the early phases of firm formation to long-term profitability and sustainability.
The plan is divided into two sections: "Compiling Insights and Milestones" and "Creating the Comprehensive Startup Strategy." Each section includes critical components like financial forecasts, vital performance measures, leadership tactics, and practical implementations based on recognized theories and best practices. Following this organized strategy will provide entrepreneurs with the tools they need to make educated decisions, maximize resource allocation, and push their firms to success.

Aim/Background: The increasing consumption of coffee worldwide generates thousands of leftover coffee grounds that, when disposed of, damage the environment. The goal of this research was to create liquid hand soap from Spent Arabica (C. arabica) Coffee Grounds (SACG) and Spent Robusta (C. canephora) Coffee Grounds (SRCG) that is organic and antimicrobial and assess if they differ noticeably in their sensory profile and antibacterial activity. Materials and Methods: This study examined the soaps' inhibitory zone against Gram-Positive (GPB) and Gram-Negative (GNB) bacteria using a quantitative research design. A modified five-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to evaluate the liquid hand soap formulation as a product. Results: A One-Way ANOVA yielded p-values of 0.00 (p-value<0.05) and 1.00 (p-value>0.05). This indicates that, with regard to GPB, there is a significant difference in the zone of inhibition between SRCG and SACG liquid hand soaps, but not with regard to GNB. SRCG displays a more significant inhibition zone than SACG in GPB, but there is no observed zone of inhibition for GNB (0 mm). Sensory evaluation for its color and aroma revealed high acceptability from the health workers, and the t-test showed that the two liquid hand soaps have no significant difference. Conclusion: SRCG has more substantial antibacterial power than SACG because of its double caffeine. Both soaps have strong antibacterial power against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis only. More research and tests are needed to investigate its antibacterial properties, improve the concentration and safety of the soaps, and provide better results for business application.

The research was done in coffee plantation during a month (July until August 2016) in Sumbul and Sidikalang districts with 2 varietes (Robusta and Arabica) with 5 samples treatment from each locations. The insects consist of 10 orders, 30 family with 30 genera are the collected on Sumbul and Sidikalang district in coffee plabtation. Highert individuals of Sidikalang district recorded are 241 individuals, compared to 185 individual in Sumbul district. The highest individual found in Sumbul from Families Scolytidae (H.hampei, 36 individuals), followed by Family Formicidae (Formica sp, 19 individuals) and the Family Vespidae (Dolochovespula sp, 12 individuals), compared with total individuals recorded in Sidikalang consists of Scolytidae (41 individuals), Vespidae (14 individuals) and Formicidae (12 individuals). The score diversity (H&#39;) varies with the very good diversities category, namely H&#39;=2.26 (in Sidikalang district) and H&#39;=1.98 (in Sumbul district). The environmenta...

Do you like to eat and drink hot foods? Well, here’s some hot news to help you avoid getting burned.

One common food safety method to prevent food poisoning is to heat the food to a temperature where bacteria are killed, and serving the food hot.  We love hot food, and enjoy its aroma filling the air with mouthwatering appeal. Unfortunately, the hot food is also a food safety risk, since consuming food that is too hot is also a known cause of cancer. 

It’s amazing that the temperature where people like to drink their coffee or tea is also the temperature which can cause esophageal cancer.

This paper discusses the problem, and possible solutions.

This qualitative study conducted in Buraydah, Saudi Arabia, explores coffee customers' shifting preferences, with a focus on the growing popularity of espresso and multi-roasted coffee. Through interviews with consumers, baristas, and coffee roasters, the study investigates the motivations behind these choices, which include health concerns, flavor exploration, and a dislike for highly acidic coffees. The findings highlight the appeal of concentrated flavor, higher caffeine concentration, and the ability to appreciate the varied qualities of coffee beans from different places. Omni roasted coffee, with its medium-dark roast, has a balanced flavor profile that works well with a number of brewing methods. The concept of coffee terroir, which highlights the distinct flavors associated with individual origins, influences customer preferences. These findings have ramifications for coffee growers and baristas, who can meet shifting customer needs by acquiring high-quality beans and perfecting brewing procedures. This study leads to a better knowledge of changing coffee preferences and gives practical insights for industry stakeholders.

As a survey by the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (2019) confirms coffee is consumed in 83% of Hungarian households, thus our country can be considered to be one of the major coffee drinking nations.   At the end of the 19th century and the turn of the twentieth Budapest with its internationally famous and unique coffee culture was known as the coffeehouse capital. Post-modern tourism revived this tradition and coffee became once again a favourite consumer item while cafés turned into scenes of community life. The latest stage of the coffeehouse renaissance was partly due to the increasing role of American type café chains including McCafé, Starbucks, California Coffee Company etc. and the drop in the price of the Arabica coffee. Our research focuses on the impact of this new type of coffee consumption wave on the coffee habits of Hungarians. The American café chains have become widespread in Europe and their ability to keep the price of coffee low worldwide demonstrates signi...

GIUSEPPE CAMILLO GIORDANO E IL CAFFÈ

Presso l’Archivio storico comunale di Pomarico, giornata di studi/riflessione tematica sul caffè, ricordando il famoso botanico Giuseppe Camillo Giordano, co-fondatore della Società botanica Italiana.
Giordano è statp il soggetto di una biografia curata dal naturalista Gianni Palumbo, edita per i tipi di Adda Edizioni. La biografia di un botanico che ricostruisce un pezzo di storia della scienza e, in particolare, della botanica nella seconda parte del XIX secolo, un periodo particolarmente fecondo per questa disciplina in Italia e in Europa.
Sulla scorta di quella biografia l’occasione è stata ghiotta per Francesco Nocco – docente dell’Università degli Studi di Bari e della Scuola di Archivistica, Paleografia e Diplomatica presso l’Archivio di Stato del capoluogo pugliese, nonché socio del sodalizio culturale intitolato al botanico lucano – per scrivere una riflessione bibliografica su un antico articolo di Giordano dedicato alla storia del caffè; riflessione confluita in una monografia sul caffè recentemente edita nella collana “Il Conviviale” dedicata a tematiche monografiche su questioni di storia e cultura alimentare.
A supporto di questa riflessione tematica su una bevanda divenuta popolare solo nel ‘900, ma introdotta in Italia nel XVI secolo grazie a viaggiatori e studiosi, insieme all’autore della biografia Palumbo e al citato Francesco Nocco, ne hanno discusso anche Piero Medagli, noto botanico pugliese dell’Università del Salento, Michele Durante, già dirigente dell’Ufficio Cultura della Regione Basilicata, nonché ex Direttore dell’Archivio di Stato di Taranto, e Camilla Catarzi dell’Accademia del Caffè Espresso, ramo culturale dell’azienda La Marzocco; l’Accademia si occupa della promozione del caffè espresso ed è un sodalizio culturale dinamico, nato nella vecchia fabbrica de La Marzocco, che riunisce oggi al suo interno: il museo aziendale La Marzocco, l’archivio storico, una piantagione di caffè indoor, laboratori di ricerca e formazione e le Officine Fratelli Bambi, una vera e propria officina meccanica dedicata alla progettazione e costruzione di macchine su misura.
Ancora una volta l’Associazione culturale “G. C. Giordano” ha offerto alla riflessione un elemento di socializzazione e di convivialità, stavolta tra cultura e passione culinaria specificatamente per una bevanda entrata nei riti quotidiani di tutti gli italiani. Una riflessione colta sulle possibilità offerte da una pianta tropicale, divenuta in Italia e in tutto il mondo tra gli elementi principali dei convitati a mensa.

The present investigation was carried out to study the correlation and path coefficient analysis among 22 quantitative traits of 93 coffee (Coffea arabica L) germplasm accessions, including five standard checks, which were collected from Tepi and its surroundings (Bench-Maji and Sheka zones) using augmented design with four blocks. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among the accessions in leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, number of primary branches, fruit length, bean length, bean width, bean thickness, hundred bean weight and green bean yield. Number of secondary branch, stem girth, fruit traits (fruit length, fruit width, fruit thickness) and bean traits (bean length, bean thickness and hundred bean weight) had the highest positive correlation with green bean yield both at genotypic and phenotypic levels. Bean width and coffee leaf rust had negative correlation with green bean yield both at genotypic and phenotypic levels. Number of secondary branch was the only characters that showed positive and highly significant genotypic correlation with clean coffee yield. Path coefficient analysis of the phenotypic correlations revealed that number of secondary branches (0.449) and fruit thickness (0.280) had the highest positive direct effect, while length of primary branch and bean width had the highest negative direct effects, suggesting that these traits can be used for indirect selection of high yielding accessions. However proper consideration should made about stem girth, plant height, number of primary branches, leaf size and bean width. Hence, selection for these traits can improve coffee bean yield and this could be exploited in the genetic improvement of the crop through hybridization and selection.

Ethiopian shade coffee plantations are well documented to be bird-friendly and act as refuges for disappearing tree species. The extent to which these plantations support mammal conservation, as well as mammal sensitivity to coffee intensification, remain little studied. We studied the distribution and diversity of mammals under three coffee management systems of differing intensities (i.e., semi-forest, semi-plantation, and plantation) and in nearby natural forests in Belete-Gera Forest Priority Area, southwestern Ethiopia. We detected mammals using 30 infrared camera traps at 90 stations for a total of 4142 camera days. We used the Shannon-Wiener diversity index for diversity analysis, generalized linear mixed model for comparison of independent detection, and non-metric multidimensional scaling to show the mammalian community composition. We recorded 8815 digital videos and a total of 23 mammal species. The overall species richness, diversity, and detection of mammals did not differ between the two traditional shade coffee management systems and the natural forest but was lower in the plantation coffee system. The mammal community composition also shows variation in resilience to coffee management intensity, with primates appearing to be generally more tolerant to management intensification. We ultimately show that traditionally managed Ethiopian shade coffee farms shelter diverse mammal communities, comparable to those in nearby natural forests. Therefore, supporting traditional coffee management practices and certifying them as mammal-friendly should be implemented as strategies for the conservation of mammals, as natural forests continue to decline in Ethiopia.