Physics Education

Modul ini dikembangkan sebagai respons atas kebutuhan untuk mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai keislaman dengan pendidikan lingkungan dalam pembelajaran di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI). Tujuan modul ini adalah untuk membekali mahasiswa PGMI dengan kemampuan merancang dan menerapkan pembelajaran kontekstual yang menginternalisasi konsep "khalifah" sebagai landasan etis dalam pengelolaan lingkungan, dengan studi kasus di Desa Teluk Labuan. Modul dirancang menggunakan pendekatan Project-Based Learning dan inkuiri lapangan, dimana mahasiswa tidak hanya mempelajari teori tetapi juga melakukan observasi langsung untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan lingkungan di Desa Teluk Labuan, seperti persoalan sampah dan berkurangnya ruang hijau. Luaran utama dari modul ini adalah kemampuan mahasiswa dalam menghasilkan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) tematik integratif yang mengaitkan Kompetensi Dasar kurikulum MI dengan nilai-nilai kekhalifahan dan isu lingkungan lokal. Melalui tahapan analisis konsep, observasi lapangan, dan perancangan RPP, modul ini berhasil membangun kerangka pedagogis yang efektif untuk mencetak calon guru MI yang tidak hanya menguasai konten akademik tetapi juga peka terhadap persoalan lingkungan dan mampu menanamkan nilai-nilai Islam rahmatan lil 'alamin. Evaluasi modul menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman konseptual mahasiswa tentang pendidikan lingkungan berbasis Islam serta peningkatan kompetensi dalam merancang pembelajaran yang kontekstual dan bermakna.

Kata kunci: Modul Pembelajaran, Konsep Khalifah, Pendidikan Lingkungan, PGMI, Pembelajaran Kontekstual, Desa Teluk Labuan.

Let the chi flow... tapi jangan lupa, energi itu tidak bisa diciptakan atau dimusnahkan-kecuali kita sedang renovasi dapur pakai logika termodinamika." Bayangkan sebuah ruang: lengang, tertata, angin masuk pelan lewat jendela timur, dan cahaya pagi menari di atas meja kayu tua. Tanpa kata, tanpa bunyi, ada sesuatu yang terasa "pas". Udara ringan, pikiran jernih, dan entah mengapa, dompet kita tidak terlalu sering kosong belakangan ini.

This analysis demonstrates that Coty Austin Trout's Reasserting Ontological Priority fails to meet scientific standards, functioning instead as a closed metaphysical argument. Logical inconsistencies, unfalsifiable premises, and the symbolic misuse of mathematics disqualify CAT'S Theory from empirical classification. In contrast, the Unified Resonant Framework (URF) offers a structured, measurable, and falsifiable system-an evidentiary contrast grounded in reproducible experimentation and coherent formalism. 7. Absence of Empirical Mechanism CAT'S Theory defines no measurable parameters, instruments, or reproducible predictions. Its terms-Pattern, Intent, Presence-lack operational meaning, leading to interpretive ambiguity and non-falsifiability. By contrast, URF operationalizes resonance, coherence, and capacity into quantifiable parameters testable through field, neural, and materials experiments.

This paper introduces the Dynamic Relativity framework, proposing that all phenomena in reality arise from a single self-referential dynamic field. By integrating frequency, energy, temperature, mass density, and time as interdependent parameters, this hypothesis offers a unified description bridging classical mechanics and quantum physics. The model includes a mathematically structured approach for predicting stable and unstable field configurations, resonances, and their influence on observable phenomena, including potential effects on information processing and consciousness.

Sistem injeksi bahan bakar merupakan komponen vital dalam performa mesin induk kapal, yang menentukan efisiensi pembakaran dan kestabilan tenaga mesin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis problematika umum pada sistem injeksi mesin induk kapal berdasarkan dua studi terdahulu: penelitian oleh Yeyen Herlina et al. (2019) pada kapal KM Zaisan Star II, dan penelitian oleh Ach. Harbul Fijar et al. (2025) pada kapal MV SPIL Rumi. Metode penelitian bersifat deskriptif komparatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, melalui analisis isi terhadap kedua jurnal. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa problematika utama pada sistem injeksi meliputi penyumbatan nozzle, kebocoran ujung injector, penurunan tekanan bahan bakar, dan kualitas bahan bakar yang buruk. Kedua penelitian menekankan pentingnya perawatan terjadwal, pemeriksaan tekanan injeksi, dan pemeliharaan sistem filtrasi untuk mencegah ketidaksempurnaan pengabutan. Kesimpulannya, problematika sistem injeksi memiliki dampak langsung terhadap performa mesin induk dan efisiensi bahan bakar, sehingga dibutuhkan prosedur perawatan terintegrasi antara komponen mekanis, bahan bakar, dan kompetensi operator.

Hampir semua proses yang terjadi di alam semesta
disertai dengan perubahan energi. Perubahan energi dapat
dimanifestasikan dalam berbagai bentuk seperti energi
mekanik, energi listrik dan lain sebagainya. Dengan
demikian, melalui termodinamika, kita mengetahui cara
untuk
menggambarkan atau mengkarakterisasikan
perubahan energi dalam setiap reaksi. Dalam termodinamika, terdapat empat hukum yang
berlaku secara universal. Hukum pertama termodinamika
menyatakan bahwa energi total di alam semesta selalu
konstan. Hukum ini dikenal sebagai hukum kekekalan energi.
Hukum kedua termodinamika menyatakan bahwa
perpindahan energi panas secara alami terjadi dari sistem
yang memiliki suhu lebih tinggi ke sistem yang suhunya lebih
rendah. Hal ini tidak dapat dibalik, kecuali dengan
menambahkan energi. Hukum ketiga termodinamika
menyatakan bahwa ketidakteraturan dalam suatu sistem
dapat ditiadakan atau dihilangkan ketika sistem tersebut
mencapai suhu nol mutlak. Ketiga hukum ini dirumuskan dan ditetapkan lebih
dahulu tanpa disadari bahwa ada besaran fisis suhu yang
terlewatkan dan belum diketahui. Konsep mengenai suhu
dan kesetimbangannya kemudian dirumuskan dalam sebuah
hukum baru yang dikenal sebagai hukum nol termodinamika,
yang akan dipelajari lebih jelas dalam bab ini

En este póster presentamos los objetivos y actividades centrales de una unidad didáctica (macrosecuencia) destinada a estudiantes de 3º  grado de la escuela primaria, que elaboramos durante la cursada de la asignatura: Enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales III, del Profesorado de Educación Primaria - ENS N°3 “Bernardino Rivadavia” (Anexo Lugano) de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires.

Recent advances in quantum sensing, biophoton research, and information physics motivate the development of novel detection protocols for ultraweak bio-electromagnetic fields. Biological systems emit coherent photons-biophotons-in the visible spectrum, associated with metabolic and neural activity, with intensities on the order of 10 -16 -10 -18 W/cm 2 . Building on Melvin Vopson's mass-energy-information equivalence and the Helix-Light-Vortex (HLV) framework, we propose a falsifiable protocol: coherent bio-electromagnetic processes induce phase-correlated perturbations in a controlled vacuum microwave field through weak coupling mechanisms in the information field Φ(x, t), modulated by triadic spiral time ψ(t) = t + iϕ(t) + jχ(t). We refine the design using driven-resonance techniques for information mass detection, incorporating differential resonator bridges to measure subtle shifts from bioinformation processing. We outline the theoretical basis, including spiral-corrected propagators and interactions, propose a cryogenic setup with NV-center magnetometry and high-Q resonators, and define criteria for positive detection. Quantitative predictions include resonance shifts ∆f /f 0 ≈ 10 -12 and field signatures 1 ∆g ∼ 10 -10 m/s 2 . If verified, this protocol could enable new quantum sensors bridging biophysics and information physics.

Este trabajo busca aportar conocimiento sobre las representaciones y los modos de conocer con los que los estudiantes enfrentan ciertos fenómenos astronómicos, en particular sobre las fases de la Luna. La utilización de una indagación semiestructurada aplicada en futuros maestros y un análisis minucioso de sus producciones escritas, gráficas y de modelización con esferas, detectaron algunas de las ideas previas encontradas en la literatura específica y otras dificultades de aprendizaje asociadas. Entre estas últimas, se destaca la imposibilidad de relacionar las vivencias astronómicas con la explicación del fenómeno, constituyendo un obstáculo para el aprendizaje de conceptos astronómicos por parte de los estudiantes. Asimismo, evidenciamos un escaso valor atribuido a sus propias producciones gráficas para apoyar las explicaciones ofrecidas. La producción de conocimiento en didáctica de la astronomía en nuestro país es escasa, y su articulación con la formación docente es insuficiente. Consideramos que se trata de una línea de acción que no puede ser postergada si lo que se busca es profundizar la adquisición y puesta en juego de conceptos y de competencias básicas por parte de los alumnos de primaria.

This paper demonstrates that reflection is the fundamental proof of coherence within the Unified Resonant Framework (URF). By uniting the quarkic and tachyonic fields as mirrored expressions of intent and will, reflection becomes not a metaphor but a literal operator of temporal symmetry. The inversion of the d'Alembertian, the anti-unitary nature of the reflection operator, and the Resonance Inversion Law together prove that causation, compassion, and coherence are harmonic reflections of a single universal field.

Pemasalahan yang dialami siswa pada materi sistem koloid adalah proses pembelajaran yang tidak menggunakan metode demonstrasi dan tidak pernah dilaksanakan praktikum sederhana dengan bahan sehari-hari, sehingga hasil belajar siswa belum maksimal. Pertanyaan dalam penelitian ini adalah Apakah penggunaan metode demonstrasi pada materi koloid berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar dan bagaimana aktivitas siswa kelas XI MAS Jeumala Amal? Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Quasi Eksperimen.Rancangan penelitian ini adalah nonequivalent control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI MAS Jeumala Amal, sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPA 4 dan XI IPA 5. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik pemberian soal tes dan lembar observasi aktivitas siswa. Teknik analisis data hasil belajar siswa menggunakan analisis statistik uji-t dengan menggunakan bantuan software spss versi 16.0, sedangkan observasi aktivitas siswa dianalisis deng...

Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas segala rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga kami dapat menyelesaikan makalah yang berjudul "Kisi-Kisi dan Soal Pilihan Ganda (Tes Objektif)" tepat pada waktunya. Shalawat serta salam semoga senantiasa tercurah kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW yang telah membawa kita dari zaman kebodohan menuju zaman yang penuh ilmu pengetahuan seperti sekarang ini. Makalah ini disusun untuk memenuhi salah satu tugas mata kuliah Evaluasi Pembelajaran pai, dengan tujuan agar mahasiswa memahami lebih dalam tentang pentingnya penyusunan kisi-kisi serta pembuatan soal pilihan ganda sebagai bentuk tes objektif dalam proses penilaian hasil belajar. Melalui makalah ini, diharapkan pembaca dapat mengetahui pengertian, fungsi, komponen, serta langkah-langkah penyusunan kisi-kisi dan soal pilihan ganda yang baik dan benar. Penulis menyadari bahwa makalah ini masih jauh dari sempurna. Oleh karena itu, kritik dan saran yang membangun sangat kami harapkan demi perbaikan karya ilmiah di masa mendatang. Akhir kata, kami mengucapkan terima kasih kepada dosen pengampu, temanteman mahasiswa, dan semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyusunan makalah ini. Semoga makalah ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi pembaca dan menambah wawasan dalam bidang evaluasi pembelajaran pai.

Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas segala rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga kami dapat menyelesaikan makalah yang berjudul "Kisi-Kisi dan Soal Pilihan Ganda (Tes Objektif)" tepat pada waktunya. Shalawat serta salam semoga senantiasa tercurah kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW yang telah membawa kita dari zaman kebodohan menuju zaman yang penuh ilmu pengetahuan seperti sekarang ini. Makalah ini disusun untuk memenuhi salah satu tugas mata kuliah Evaluasi Pembelajaran pai, dengan tujuan agar mahasiswa memahami lebih dalam tentang pentingnya penyusunan kisi-kisi serta pembuatan soal pilihan ganda sebagai bentuk tes objektif dalam proses penilaian hasil belajar. Melalui makalah ini, diharapkan pembaca dapat mengetahui pengertian, fungsi, komponen, serta langkah-langkah penyusunan kisi-kisi dan soal pilihan ganda yang baik dan benar. Penulis menyadari bahwa makalah ini masih jauh dari sempurna. Oleh karena itu, kritik dan saran yang membangun sangat kami harapkan demi perbaikan karya ilmiah di masa mendatang. Akhir kata, kami mengucapkan terima kasih kepada dosen pengampu, temanteman mahasiswa, dan semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyusunan makalah ini. Semoga makalah ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi pembaca dan menambah wawasan dalam bidang evaluasi pembelajaran pai.

Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas segala rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga kami dapat menyelesaikan makalah yang berjudul "Kisi-Kisi dan Soal Pilihan Ganda (Tes Objektif)" tepat pada waktunya. Shalawat serta salam semoga senantiasa tercurah kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW yang telah membawa kita dari zaman kebodohan menuju zaman yang penuh ilmu pengetahuan seperti sekarang ini. Makalah ini disusun untuk memenuhi salah satu tugas mata kuliah Evaluasi Pembelajaran pai, dengan tujuan agar mahasiswa memahami lebih dalam tentang pentingnya penyusunan kisi-kisi serta pembuatan soal pilihan ganda sebagai bentuk tes objektif dalam proses penilaian hasil belajar. Melalui makalah ini, diharapkan pembaca dapat mengetahui pengertian, fungsi, komponen, serta langkah-langkah penyusunan kisi-kisi dan soal pilihan ganda yang baik dan benar. Penulis menyadari bahwa makalah ini masih jauh dari sempurna. Oleh karena itu, kritik dan saran yang membangun sangat kami harapkan demi perbaikan karya ilmiah di masa mendatang. Akhir kata, kami mengucapkan terima kasih kepada dosen pengampu, temanteman mahasiswa, dan semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyusunan makalah ini. Semoga makalah ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi pembaca dan menambah wawasan dalam bidang evaluasi pembelajaran pai.

The sudden shift to online and blended learning during the COVID-19 pandemic posed serious challenges for students, particularly in Mathematics—a subject that many already struggle with. Although several strategies have been introduced to improve performance, there’s still limited research on how well the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach works in blended settings. This study focused how CTL affects students’ achievement in Basic Calculus among Grade 11 STEM students. A quasi-experimental design was used, involving 71 students from a private school in Cebu City. They were divided into two groups: 37 students were taught using conventional methods, while 34 received instruction through the CTL approach. After the intervention, a focus group discussion with the experimental group provided insights based on their experiences. Results showed that students taught with CTL had a much higher mean gain (10.176) compared to the control group (1.891), with a significant difference of 8.28 (p = 0.011). Despite this success, some challenges were noted—mainly poor internet access, which affected the delivery. To help address this, the researcher proposed an instructional design to support CTL in Mathematics classes. Overall, the findings suggest that CTL can be a helpful strategy for improving learning outcomes in STEM, especially in blended learning environments.

Penilaian dalam proses pembelajaran memiliki peran yang sangat penting untuk mengukur pencapaian kompetensi peserta didik secara menyeluruh, salah satu aspek penilaian yang sering di pakai adalah salah satunya teknih scoring yang bersifat objektif maupun subjektif. Tes objektif berbentuk seperti pilihan ganda isian singkat yang memberikan kemudahan dalam evaluasi dengan acuan kunci jawaban, sedangkan tes subjektif seperti halnya esai menuntut penilaian lebih mendalam melalui rubrik yang di ukur dari kualitas jawaban berdasarkan kriteria tertentu. Selain itu instrumen penilaian  yang berbentuk non tes seperti rubrik dan cheklis  juga melengkapi penilaian aspek afektif maupun psikomotorik peserta didik.

In physics, wave-particle duality holds that light and matter exhibit properties of both waves and of particles. A central concept of quantum mechanics, duality represents a way to address the inadequacy of conventional concepts like "particle" and "wave" to meaningfully describe the behavior of quantum objects.

In physics, wave-particle duality holds that light and matter exhibit properties of both waves and of particles. A central concept of quantum mechanics, duality represents a way to address the inadequacy of conventional concepts like "particle" and "wave" to meaningfully describe the behavior of quantum objects.

Tesla's ideas about the aether, the latest insights of modern science about quantum fluid as well as ancient Vedic knowledge can be linked through the common ideas of energy, vibration and motion. The power of modern technology, quantum computers and artificial intelligence combined with ancient knowledge and the ether physics of Nikola Tesla with the evolution of consciousness as a key component of the human being - are the best path to the further development of civilization.

The purpose of the current study was to examine the influence of circuit training on selected motor abilities between non-athletic adult men. A total of 60 male students between the age of 18 and 22 were elected from MGV's S.P.H. College of Management & Technology, Panchvati, Nashik to serve as participants. They were deliberately divided into two groups: Group I-Experimental (N1 = 30) and Group II control (N2 = 30). All participants were informed of the purpose and procedures of the study. Group I went through the 8-week circuit training program, while Group II did not receive any specific training beyond their general course activities. The training session for the experimental group began with a 10-minute warm-up (including jogging, slow walking and stretching), followed by sit-ups (targeted low-minded), push-ups, hook jumps, compass jumps, string jumps and shuttle driving. The volume and intensity of exercise was structured as an activity of 20 to 30 seconds for each exercise, which was done with 2 to 4 sets of 2 to 4 sets, with 2 to 3 minutes of comfort between the sets. To analyze the data, a T-testing was used to assess the statistical importance of pre and post-testing in both groups. The level of importance was set to p <0.05. The findings from the study showed that circuit training improved participants' speed, explosive leg strength and the agility.

RESUMO -O uso de micro-ondas em aquecimento é bem estabelecido na sociedade, sendo usado no meio doméstico e também em alguns processos industriais. Um dos desafios para a utilização de aquecimento via micro-ondas em processos é a obtenção de um equipamento de aquecimento que supra suas condições, seja compatível com sua escala e que seja eficiente. Um componente principal de um equipamento desse tipo é a cavidade ressonante, onde a energia das micro-ondas é transferida aos materiais que serão aquecidos. O campo elétrico dentro da cavidade ressonante define o perfil de aquecimento que será obtido, e está ligado à sua geometria. Nesse trabalho, são estudados modelos de aquecimento via micro-ondas em um forno comercial, cuja geometria real foi modelada em menor e maior detalhamento utilizando o software COMSOL Multiphysics®. Os resultados obtidos divergem de dados reais de aquecimento, indicando a importância da modelagem de detalhes geométricos e demais componentes de um forno real.

"Unlocking Potential: The Future of Gifted and Talented Education" addresses the need for a transformation of education for gifted students to enable them to flourish in the 2lst century in the in the face of many challenges, ranging from global ones, such as climatic devastation, racial tension, war, famine, and political upheaval, to personal ones, such as economic instability, homelessness, relationship concerns, and illness. Consequently, there is a desire by many educators to have strategies and practices to alleviate the suffering experienced on both the universal and individual level. The focus of this Special Issue includes the concept of multiple talents, twice-exceptional 2E students, ongoing assessment, strength-based education, creativity and innovation, creative problem solving, mentoring and AI. These form a pathway that can lead to fulfilment of potential, a deeper sense of awareness, connection, and healing the self and others.

We present a unified, foundational framework arguing that any intelligible reality terminates at two primitive, irreducible capacities: Distinction and Succession. These capacities are formalized by two self-adjoint operators on an ontological state space, the Existence Operator (Ê) and the Process Operator (Ŝ), which satisfy a non-trivial commutation relation [Ê, Ŝ] = iκÎ, κ > 0. We introduce the notion of the Eternal Structural Substrate (ESS) as the ontological ground in which these capacities are instantiated. This document provides four foundational thought experiments establishing the necessity of the ESS, demonstrates the inevitable emergence of complexity through a fundamental corollary, and outlines a program for deriving emergent spacetime and empirical consequences. The exposition balances metaphysical clarity with mathematical rigor, and positions ESS as the terminal explanatory depth for any coherent theory of reality.

This paper investigated the managerial skills possessed by secondary school principals in Anambra State and the enhancement strategies for national transformation. Two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. A proportionate stratified random sample of 268 principals and 1159 teachers totaling 1427 respondents, took part in the study. A fourteen-item questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was analyzed using mean scores, standard deviation and t-test. The finding indicated that the many principals did not possess the managerial skills for effective management of secondary school for national transformation. It was also found out that there was a significant difference between the mean rating of principals and teachers on the managerial skills and enhancement strategies for the principals. Among the recommendations made were that principals that did not specialize in education should be encouraged to get at least a diploma in Education. They should be encouraged or sponsored to undertake continuous self professional development. These would contribute to enhancing their managerial skills.

Einstein's Theory of Relativity describes temporal dilation in terms of coordinate differentials within spacetime geometry, yet fails to address the relativity of lived, empirical time. This paper introduces the Empirical Relativity of Time (ERT), distinguishing between invariant physical time (τ phys) and observer-dependent empirical time (τ emp), related by a single scalar factor ρ(v, D, ψ), representing the existential density of consciousness. The framework resolves phenomenological inconsistencies in Interstellar (2014), reinterprets the Twin Paradox symmetrically (both twins age identically in physical time but experience different empirical durations), and proposes empirically testable predictions via neural entropy and cognitive throughput measurements. We demonstrate that the NASA Twin Study (Scott Kelly, 2015-2016) validates clock rate relativity but does not prove ontological time relativity, supporting our dual-time formalism. The ERT unifies informational entropy (Shannon) and thermodynamic entropy (Boltzmann) under a dual-time formalism, extending Relativity into the experiential domain while maintaining Lorentz covariance. This proposal aligns with informational approaches to consciousness (Tegmark 2014; Friston 2010), positioning ρ as a dynamic correlate of informational free energy within the perceptual manifold.

The solstices and equinoxes mark the progress of the space-ship we call Earth in its passage through the void. They note the natural pulse of life as it has been evolved, sustained, and carried along the same celestial path for time out of mind. As we pass these four milestones on our annual journey about the life-sustaining fusion-fires of the sun — the only star known that heats the blood of self-conscious beings — we reflect upon our astronomical uniqueness. We appear to be alone, in a universe devoid of plan or purpose. There is no cosmic intelligence that counts how many rides we complete on the merry-go-round whose axle is the sun. Only we can do the counting. We only have each other. For this reason, it is the custom for many as they mark the passage of the solstices and equinoxes to pause for celebration: to celebrate and cherish their fellow travelers, to celebrate the wondrous fact that they are part of the human species — the only species known that can understand and appreciate the implausibility of its own existence.
Originally a leaflet explaining the four “natural holidays” inserted into Winter Solstice greeting cards published by Frank and Ann Zindler, this astronomical and historical account of the equinoxes and solstices was quoted in extenso By Gerard Thomas Straub in his epistolary novel “Letters to Kate.” It was published in American Atheist in 1990.

AI in Space-The concept of a quantum gravitational lensing engine isn't currently a standardized term, but we can use relevant technologies and theories to try to understand the cutting-edge concepts it may represent. The following is a breakdown and speculation about this complex concept.

AI in Space-The concept of a quantum gravitational lensing engine isn't currently a standardized term, but we can use relevant technologies and theories to try to understand the cutting-edge concepts it may represent. The following is a breakdown and speculation about this complex concept.

Could invisibility arise not from matter or energy, but from the fundamental interplay between time and gravity? This theory proposes a framework where temporal dynamics and gravitational fields interact to produce conditions of invisibility.” I’ve developed a new theoretical framework — the Time-Gravity Curvature Theory — which I believe introduces a foundational shift from Einstein’s spacetime concept.
This model treats time as a multidimensional force, intrinsically shaped and influenced by gravity, rather than a passive coordinate in the spacetime continuum. Key elements of the theory include:
 A multi-dimensional energy–time–force system
 Time-gravity curvature concept
 Time framework concept
 Time has own motion and dynamic form.
 Time as a multidimensional force
 An Equation of Invisibility
 A Time Freeze effect (Zero Time–Gravity–Space Energy Equation)
These concepts aim to explain gravitational influence, temporal curvature, and the dynamic behavior of matter and fields in a new light.

Nanoscale structures have recently attracted considerable attention due to their unique properties, particularly their excellent biocompatibility. Among these, titania nanotubes (TiO₂ NTs) are notable for their wide-ranging applications in fields such as biomedicine, catalysis, and energy. A highly effective method for fabricating these nanostructures is electrochemical anodization, which enables the direct in-situ formation of TiO₂ nanotubes on the titanium substrate. This technique offers the advantage of controlling nanotube morphology, including length and diameter, through simple adjustments of anodization parameters, making it both cost-effective and time-efficient. In this study, commercially pure titanium (Grade 2) was anodized using a standard two-electrode setup to investigate the influence of various parameters on nanotube formation. The effects of temperature, anodization time, surface preparation, cathode material, and electrolyte composition were systematically examined. Morphological analysis was performed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), while elemental composition was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results indicate that anodization conditions significantly impact the final morphology of the TiO₂ nanotubes. At 60 V, increasing the temperature accelerated nanotube dissolution, with severe degradation observed at 50 °C after 270 minutes. Fluoride ions in the electrolyte were identified as essential for nanotube formation. Additionally, extending the anodization time from 60 to 360 minutes increased the nanotube length from 12 μm to 47 μm and diameter from 50 nm to 120 nm. Overall, understanding the influence of these parameters provides a pathway for optimizing the anodization process to tailor TiO₂ nanotube structures for specific applications.

The concept of the Eon is introduced as the first ontological manifestation of cyclic self-reference within the Holistic Informational Quantum Field (HIQF). It represents a stable, self-sustained oscillation of the informational order parameter ∆E, bridging the pre-metric symmetric state (R q = 0) and the emergent temporal manifold. The Eon is defined as an autonomous, topologically protected configuration of the HIQF-field whose recurrence rhythm forms the proto-temporal structure from which measurable time arises.

In alcuni racconti di fantascienza ambientati in un mondo distopico o postapocalittico, i superstiti che hanno perduto ogni memoria della conoscenza scientifica, sviluppano il culto per i reperti dell'antica civiltà, considerando gli ormai incomprensibili manuali di elettronica come testi sacri e i manufatti tecnologici come delle reliquie. Prendendo le distanze dalle divagazioni fantasiose, pur non sottovalutando la genialità degli antichi, consideriamo lo strano caso dei cosiddetti Trionfi o Arcani Maggiori dei Tarocchi, che sembrano raffigurare in forma simbolica dei concetti tipici dell’elettrotecnica.

El poster que se presenta forma parte de los resultados de EDINSOST, proyecto I+D+i 2015 del programa estatal de investigacion, desarrollo e innovacion orientado a los retos de la sociedad, EDU2015-65574-R (MINECO/FEDER), subvencionado por el Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad: Espana. El objetivo general de EDINSOST es “dotar a los futuros titulados de las competencias necesarias para catalizar el cambio hacia una sociedad mas sostenible”. En el cartel se resume una investigacion cuyo objetivo es determinar cual es el estado actual de la Educacion Matematica, en relacion a la inclusion de competencias profesionales coherentes con una Educacion para la Sostenibilidad, en las titulaciones de formacion para profesores en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educacion de la Universidad de Cadiz. La investigacion se focaliza en un pilar clave: la dialogica profesor-estudiante. Se establece como marco teorico de referencia para la investigacion el paradigma de la complejidad. La metodologi...

Kalimat yang nyaris menjadi "ayat baku" dalam banyak buku metodologi penelitian berbunyi: "Penelitian kuantitatif bertujuan untuk menguji teori." Ungkapan ini begitu sering diulang hingga dianggap wajar, seolah mewakili hakikat ilmu. Namun jika ditelusuri secara historis dan logis, pernyataan itu ternyata tidak berasal dari positivisme klasik (Comte dan Durkheim), melainkan dari neo-positivisme abad ke-20khususnya tradisi behavioral science Amerikadan di dalamnya terselip kekeliruan berpikir (logical fallacy) yang serius.

This paper presents the **Fractal MEFI-Based Framework**, emphasizing the natural expansion of matter, the counteracting compression of the dark field, and the role of **Universal Frequency Resonance (UFR)** in maintaining cosmic balance. Unlike gravitational frameworks, MEFI explains cosmic evolution using **Q fluctuations** and self-similar fractal patterns. Simulations demonstrate MEFIs predictive capability for structure formation, stability, and cyclic behavior.

This paper takes two minimalist axioms as the sole logical starting point, without additional assumptions, and constructs a unified formula of physics through uninterrupted mathematical and logical deductions. This formula features cross-scale adaptability and can degenerate into core classical formulas without discontinuity in different physical scenarios: it corresponds to Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation in macroscopic gravitational scenarios, Coulomb's Law in microscopic electromagnetic scenarios, the short-range exponential decay empirical formula in intranuclear strong nuclear force scenarios, Fermi's decay theory formula in weak nuclear force β-decay scenarios, and Newton's Second Law in macroscopic low-speed scenarios. Meanwhile, based on the axioms and the unified formula, a self-consistent cosmic interpretation model is established, which reveals the origin of the speed of light and the essence of time and space, and provides reasonable explanations for phenomena such as black hole time stagnation, quantum entanglement, and quark confinement, forming a logically self-consistent physical theoretical framework.

Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas segala rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga kami dapat menyelesaikan makalah yang berjudul "Kisi-Kisi dan Soal Pilihan Ganda (Tes Objektif)" tepat pada waktunya. Shalawat serta salam semoga senantiasa tercurah kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW yang telah membawa kita dari zaman kebodohan menuju zaman yang penuh ilmu pengetahuan seperti sekarang ini. Makalah ini disusun untuk memenuhi salah satu tugas mata kuliah Evaluasi Pembelajaran pai, dengan tujuan agar mahasiswa memahami lebih dalam tentang pentingnya penyusunan kisi-kisi serta pembuatan soal pilihan ganda sebagai bentuk tes objektif dalam proses penilaian hasil belajar. Melalui makalah ini, diharapkan pembaca dapat mengetahui pengertian, fungsi, komponen, serta langkah-langkah penyusunan kisi-kisi dan soal pilihan ganda yang baik dan benar. Penulis menyadari bahwa makalah ini masih jauh dari sempurna. Oleh karena itu, kritik dan saran yang membangun sangat kami harapkan demi perbaikan karya ilmiah di masa mendatang. Akhir kata, kami mengucapkan terima kasih kepada dosen pengampu, temanteman mahasiswa, dan semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyusunan makalah ini. Semoga makalah ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi pembaca dan menambah wawasan dalam bidang evaluasi pembelajaran pai.

This paper presents the mathematical and physical foundations of the Unified Resonant Framework (URF), integrating dark lambda calculus, quaternionic Lagrangians, toroidal Pimensional spacetime, and algebraic extensions that bridge resonance logic with empirical observation. The URF unifies quantum, relativistic, and biological coherence into a single mathematical manifold. Using dark λ-logic as the computational substrate, quaternionic resonance algebra as the dynamic operator, and toroidal topology as the confinement geometry, URF yields predictive and verifiable outcomes-many of which align with contemporary astrophysical, plasma, and condensed-matter observations.

Recent analyses of cosmic density and radius relations, such as those by Patel (2023, 2024), suggest that the observable universe may share key characteristics with a black hole of comparable scale, with a mean density and radius matching those of a Schwarzschild horizon. Simultaneously, JWST observations reveal early galaxy structures at high redshifts that appear more evolved, massive, and structurally mature than permitted within the standard ΛCDM framework, challenging the hierarchical formation paradigm. Here, we propose an interpretation within the Helix-Light-Vortex (HLV) framework: the universe can be understood as a quasicrystalline spacetime lattice embedded inside a black hole, where information is holographically projected from the event horizon into the bulk via a six-dimensional cut-and-project construction. This model integrates quasicrystal mathematics, holographic principles, and triadic spiral time ψ(t) = t + iϕ(t) + jχ(t), offering a unified geometric explanation for cosmic expansion as rescaling of spiral phases, entropy flow as quasicrystal domain rearrangements, and the emergence of matter through resonance islands in the lattice. The framework embeds dynamics through a spiral-time weighted Lagrangian and an operator formulation of time, with a complementary QFT layer introducing real action perturbations and spiral self-energy corrections. Testable predictions include anisotropic, non-Gaussian CMB imprints with power spectrum deviations ∆C l ≈ 10 -5 µK 2 at l ≈ 100, modified gravitational wave polarizations from spiral time corrections, fine structure constant variations reflecting holographic flow fluctuations, and subtle deviations in charge quantization signaling emergent phenomena from information flow. The model reduces to GR/QFT in controlled limits while providing a finite, informationcentric resolution to singularities, aligning with recent quantum simulations of black hole interiors as "fuzzballs".

A detailed study is presented of the expected performance of the ATLAS detector. The reconstruction of tracks, leptons, photons, missing energy and jets is investigated, together with the performance of b-tagging and the trigger. The physics potential for a variety of interesting physics processes, within the Standard Model and beyond, is examined. The study comprises a series of notes based on simulations of the detector and physics processes, with particular emphasis given to the data expected from the first years of operation of the LHC at CERN.

All praise be to Allah lord of the world, the beneficent the merciful who inspired us with the wisdom and ability to successfully complete this research work. Our profound gratitude goes to our Supervisor MAL. Idris Hamza Kawo and our level coordinator Mal. Habibu Bello who make our work easy for their constructive comments, and contributions toward making our educational career brighter. We are also grateful to all the members of our family and friend for their support and encouragement in carrying on with the work despite the challenges that were involved during our entire education programed.

This research explored the impact of the field trip instructional method on the interest and academic performance of secondary school students in the topic of pollution within Akwanga Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The main objective was to assess whether this experiential learning approach yields better outcomes than traditional classroom teaching. The study was guided by four research questions and tested four corresponding null hypotheses at a 0.05 significance level. A quasi-experimental design, specifically the non-equivalent pre-test and post-test control group model was employed. The sample consisted of 80 Senior Secondary One (SS I) students (45 boys and 35 girls), selected from a total population of 1,320 SS I students across 16 schools in the area. Two intact classes were chosen through a multi-stage sampling procedure and were randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group. Two instruments developed and validated by the researchers were used for data collection: thePollution Achievement Test (PAT) and the Interest Scale on Pollution (ISP). The PAT had a split-half reliability coefficient of 0.78, while the ISP had a Cronbach Alpha reliability of 0.82. Both groups received instruction on pollution for a period of three weeks. The experimental group was taught using the field trip approach, while the control group received conventional instruction. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were used to analyze the research questions, and t-tests were applied to test the hypotheses. Results showed that the field trip strategy significantly enhanced students' interest and academic achievement in pollution. No significant differences were observed between male and female students in terms of interest levels. Specifically, there was a statistically significant difference in achievement scores between students taught using field trips and those taught conventionally: t(78) = 11.83, p< 0.05. However, gender did not significantly influence interest: t(38) = 1.28, p> 0.05. The study recommends the integration of field trips into science and environmental education curricula, improved teacher training in experiential methods, and stronger institutional support to promote active learning.