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Pd/D Codeposition

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lightbulbAbout this topic
Pd/D codeposition refers to the simultaneous deposition of palladium (Pd) and deuterium (D) onto a substrate, often used in electrochemical processes. This technique is studied for its potential applications in nuclear fusion research and the investigation of anomalous effects in condensed matter physics.
lightbulbAbout this topic
Pd/D codeposition refers to the simultaneous deposition of palladium (Pd) and deuterium (D) onto a substrate, often used in electrochemical processes. This technique is studied for its potential applications in nuclear fusion research and the investigation of anomalous effects in condensed matter physics.

Key research themes

1. How do Pd/D co-deposition experiments produce nuclear particle tracks detectable by CR-39 detectors?

This research area investigates the characterization of nuclear particle emissions, such as charged particles and neutrons, arising from Pd/D co-deposition processes and how these emissions are spatially and energetically recorded in CR-39 solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs). It matters because demonstrating and understanding these nuclear signatures provides direct evidence of nuclear events associated with Pd/D systems, addressing critical reproducibility and detection challenges in condensed matter nuclear science (CMNS).

Key finding: This paper presents spacer experiments and track modeling that confirm the pits created in CR-39 detectors during Pd/D co-deposition experiments are consistent with those generated by nuclear particles. It specifically... Read more
Key finding: Supporting and extending earlier findings, this paper details how CR-39 detectors capture charged particle tracks from Pd/D co-deposition with energy estimations consistent with known nuclear particles (e.g., 2.5-3.0 MeV... Read more
Key finding: This comprehensive investigation establishes that the Pd/D co-deposition procedure achieving high D loading ratios (>1) within seconds promotes conditions favorable for low energy nuclear reactions. It links nanoscale Pd-D... Read more

2. What experimental evidence supports the repeatability and nuclear nature of reactions in Pd/D co-deposition systems?

This theme covers systematic experimental protocols, calorimetric measurements, emission spectroscopy, and replication efforts that collectively verify nuclear-level phenomena triggered by Pd/D co-deposition. Establishing reproducibility and dissociating observed effects from purely chemical processes is paramount for advancing the credibility and scientific foundation of condensed matter nuclear science.

Key finding: This review identifies that despite early criticisms regarding irreproducibility and lack of independent replication, Pd/D co-deposition experiments have been independently replicated across multiple laboratories... Read more
Key finding: This comprehensive synopsis of 49 refereed publications from SSC-Pacific details the evolution of Pd/D co-deposition research over 25 years. It highlights successful calorimetric measurements of excess heat, nuclear emission... Read more
Key finding: This paper summarizes 19 years of LENR research focused on Pd/D co-deposition, showing direct measurements of nuclear ash including tritium and energetic particle emissions alongside excess heat production. The findings... Read more

3. How do algebraic coding constructions such as MDS and LDPC codes contribute to data reliability and efficient decoding in systems related to Pd/D experimental data?

Coding theory research, particularly on maximum-distance separable (MDS) array codes and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, focuses on the construction of error correction schemes that optimize encoding and decoding complexity, while ensuring data integrity. In the context of Pd/D research, such coding advancements are critical for reliable data acquisition, signal processing, and secure communication of experimental results. The research contributes to deploying highly efficient, mathematically rigorous codes that can be decoded with low latency and high fault tolerance.

Key finding: The paper introduces X-codes, an MDS array code class with minimum column distance 3, achieving the theoretical lower bound of update complexity exactly two. This coding scheme is optimized for systems requiring frequent data... Read more
Key finding: This thesis develops algebraic constructions of LDPC codes using incidence structures from combinatorial designs, achieving guaranteed code parameters such as minimum distance and girth, with Tanner graphs free of short... Read more
Key finding: Focusing on layered decoding methodologies for LDPC codes aligned with DVB standards, this paper proposes mechanisms to resolve conflicts during parallel updates of variable and check nodes, improving decoder efficiency and... Read more
Key finding: The work constructs systematically cyclic and quasi-cyclic MDS array codes with optimal minimum distance and update complexity, offering symmetry properties facilitating simplified encoding, update, and decoding. These cyclic... Read more

All papers in Pd/D Codeposition

Since the announcement by Fleischmann and Pons that the excess enthalpy generated in the negatively polarized Pd–D-D2O system was attributable to nuclear reactions occurring inside the Pd lattice, there have been reports of other... more
Pd/D co-deposition has been used by a number of researchers to explore the condensed matter nuclear reactions occurring within the Pd lattice. Reported reaction products include heat, transmutation, tritium, energetic charged particles,... more
Recent ab-initio theoretical study [1] of interaction between electromagnetic radiation and metal deuterides indicate a new mechanism for deuteron acceleration, which along with possible large electron screening in the metal targets [2]... more
The article describes the structural changes on the surface of Pd cathodes that occur during their electrolytic deuteration. These changes are caused by not only deuterium absorption, but also by the electrochemical heterogeneity of the... more
Since the initial report of anomalies in PdD by Fleischmann and Pons back in 1989, a variety of anomalies have been seen in experiments of all kinds over the years. Although there is not agreement within our field as to precisely which... more
T he fifth New Energy Technology Symposium was held at the 241st American Chemical Society (ACS) meeting at the Sheraton Park Resort in Anaheim, California on March 27 and 28. The organizer of the symposium, Dr. Jan Marwan of Dr. Marwan... more
The first who reported [1-3] Palladium catalysed fusion of hydrogen nuclei to Helium at room temperature were German researchers Paneth and Peters in 1926. They retracted their work for unknown reasons. Lochte-Holtgreven studied LENR in... more
Neutron emission would be a convincing proof for cold fusion of deuterium in palladium as proposed by Fleischmann and Pons. In recent experiments essentially no neutron events of technical interest have been observed. But Jones et al.... more
Early criticisms were made of the scientific claims made by Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons in 1989 on their observation of heat effects in electrochemically driven palladium-deuterium experiments that were consistent with nuclear but... more
A Ge(Li) detector has been irradiated with energetic neutrons from a (d, t) neutron generator and an 241Am/Be source. The signal produced by the inelastic scattering of neutrons exciting the 0~-state in 72Ge has been split up into the... more
Experimental investigation of anomalous heat effects from hydrogen isotope absorption in palladium lattice has proven to be an arduous task. Numerical modeling of the electronic structure of the Pd-H(D) system holds out the promise of... more
Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by the Universityof California for the United States Department of Energy under contract W-7405-ENG-36.
Columbia Resin-39 (CR-39) detectors used in Pd/D co-deposition experiments were examined using an optical microscope, scanned using an automated scanner, and underwent both sequential etching analysis as well as LET spectrum analysis.... more
The resistance ratio method is the most frequent technique used to determine the extent of interstitial loading of hydrogen or deuterium atoms into palladium electrodes, or extended structures used in electrolytic or gas phase cold fusion... more
Following the announcements of cold 11-uclear fqsion bei11-g observed in electrochemical cells by Fleischmann and Pons(l) c;tnd by Jones(~), we have searched for the characteristic radiations of the d + d and p + d fusion reactions in... more
Cold fusion effects have often been called 'unreliable', even by those convinced of their reality. The chaotic nature of material conditions, so far, has made ordinary reliability elusive. However, the Fleischmann-Pons experiment... more
In recent years there has been an explosion of commercial interest in fusion. This resurgence is driven in part by the desire to accelerate the transition away from hydrocarbons and and in part by slower than anticipated progress of the... more
ICCF16 was held in Chennai, India from February 6-11, 2011. The conference was heavily impacted by a demonstration in Italy, about three weeks before it began, of a 10 kW boiler with an energy gain exceeding 10. Significant theoretical... more
We examined published evidence for power production by LENR, which occurred too fast to be captured by calorimeters. That evidence includes observations of craters in materials, measurements of sound emission, recordings of... more
O ver the decades since Fleischmann and Pons announced their ability to produce heat energy from some unknown reactions, the International Conferences on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science have been a primary global forum for the field. The... more
The energy gain of a system is defined as the ratio of its output energy divided by the energy provided to operate the system. Most familiar systems have energy gains less than one due to various inefficiencies. By contrast,... more
The rapid release of energy from Lattice Enabled (or Low Energy) Nuclear Reactions is of interest for three reasons. First, it constrains and challenges theories about the mechanism(s) active in producing LENR. Next, it might heavily... more
Solid-state nuclear track detectors (CR-39 type) are frequently used for the detection of ions accelerated by laser-plasma interaction because they are sensitive to each single particle. To the present day, CR-39 detectors are the main... more
In the electrolysis of heavy water, Fleischmann and Pons found the effect of excess power. Then this effect was discovered by a number of other researchers. They explained this effect of "cold fusion" of deuterium nuclei. In the... more
Palladium sheets, 50-100 ttm thick, have been assembled into experimental configurations, allowing the sample either to be crossed by d.c. current or to feel inductive effects by an external electric field. These fields, applied to... more
The possible emission of nuclear particles during the electrochemical loading/discharging of deuterium in/at suitable metals has been investigated by analyzing in succession four cells equipped with Ti rod, Pd tube and Ti plate cathodes.... more
What sort of fusion are we talking about? We started this talking 16 years ago yesterday!
We present evidence for energetic charged particles emanating from partiallydeuterided titanium foils (TiDx) subjected to non-equilibrium conditions. To scrutinize emerging evidence for low-temperature nuclear reactions, we investigated... more
Our recent paper on the "Search for Neutron Flux Generation in a Plasma Discharge Electrolytic Cell" [1] has as main goal the validation of the experiment in Ref. [2]. As a follow-up, Ref. [3] moves a set of objections on our procedure... more
The DRIFT-IId dark matter detector is a m 3-scale low-pressure TPC with directional sensitivity to WIMP-induced nuclear recoils. Its primary backgrounds were due to alpha decays from contamination on the central cathode. Efforts to reduce... more
We have searched for cold fusion produced in an electrolytic cell with Pd cathode and Pt anode. The eIectrolyte was 0.1 molar LiOD in 99.8% D20. A 2-mm rod of polycrystalline Pd and a 4-ram rod of single crystal Pd were used. No radiation... more
Sociedade Brasileira de Física Sâo Paulo, Brasil A small-mass system has been developed for monitoring the flux of neutrons with energy up to 1 MeV at the new time-of-flight facility at CERN, n T OF . The monitor is based on a thin Mylar... more
The DRIFT-IId dark matter detector is a m 3-scale low-pressure TPC with directional sensitivity to WIMP-induced nuclear recoils. Its primary backgrounds were due to alpha decays from contamination on the central cathode. Efforts to reduce... more
We consider a recently proposed mechanism for low energy nuclear reactions (LENRs). In this mechanism the process is initiated by an external photon whose contribution is treated perturbatively. In the present paper we consider a related... more
Earlier we reported that the pits generated in CR-39 detectors during Pd/D co-deposition experiments are consistent with those observed for pits that are of a nuclear origin. Spacer experiments and track modeling have been done to... more
The objective of ICCF-17 is to allow international groups of scientists to present their data to further the collective understanding of scientists working in the field and so that skeptical members of the mainstream scientific community,... more
Development of a diamond sensor with reliable contacts using a new metallization formula, which can operate under high-pressure gas environment. • The metallization consists of Ti:Pt:Au:Ni with layer thicknesses of 50/5/20/150 nm, to... more
Since 1989 the announcement of "cold fusion" by Stanley Pons and Martin Fleishmann, "cold fusion" field has been surrounded by controversy. After three decades, this field is alive and has produced thousands of publications, most in... more
In this work we have performed experiments of absorption of hydrogen and deuterium gas by Pd thin films and we have studied the behavior of these samples compared with non processed ones. We have also employed, during the treatment, a... more
We have been interested in reports of excess heat in the Fleischmann-Pons experiment [1] for many years, in spite of the controversy that has surrounded research in the area. The basic effect, announced in March 1989, involved a... more
Various metals have been used by a number of researchers to study the condensed matter nuclear reactions occurring within the metal lattice when exposed to gases containing hydrogen, its deuterium isotope and various mixes. This article... more
In previous work we reported observations of a thermal response from Pd cathodes electrolyzed in heavy water stimulated by a single diode laser. In more recent experiments, stimulation was done using two overlapping weak laser beams, and... more
One hundred sixty seven papers from 1989 to 2007 concerning the generation of heat from electrochemical cells were collected, listed, and digitally posted to a CD for reference, review and study. A review showed four criteria that were... more
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