Naval Architecture

Penelitian dilaksanakan di kapal roro selama satu tahun. Data yang diperoleh adalah data primer yang diperoleh langsung di tempat penelitian dan data sekunder yaitu diperoleh dari dokumen-dokumen yang berhubungan dengan penelitian ini. Metode yang di gunakan untuk menangani masalah tersebut yaitu menggunakan buku manual mesin induk, buku planned maintenance system (pms), jurnal, log book serta catatan selama penulis melakukan penelitian serta masukan dari teman seprofesi. Planned maintenance system (pms) mesin induk belum efektif di laksanakan karena keadaan cuaca, lingkungan kerja yang tidak aman dan terbatasnya suku cadang yang mengakibatkan kecepatan menurunnya performance mesin induk. Adapun manfaat setelah melakukan perawatan terencana terhadap mesin induk adalah mesin induk dapat digunakan kembali dengan baik dan sistem operasional kapal tidak terhambat di dalam pengangkutan barang dan penumpang ke pelabuhan.

• A closed-form solution has been developed for cavitating and non-cavitating flat-plate with the effects of free surface • Partial cavitation has been considered as an additional angle of attack using fully wetted solution • Free surface deformation has also been computed by an analytical solution

This article numerically investigates the taper ratio influence on the performance of three-dimensional (3-D) cavitating hydrofoils moving steadily under a free water surface. The paper modifies and expands upon a previously developed iterative boundary element method (IBEM) to solve this problem. The fluid is assumed to be inviscid and incompressible and to have irrotational flow. All variables and equations have been made non-dimensional to achieve a consistent numerical scheme and very quick convergence. The IBEM iteratively solves the hydrofoil problem and free surface problem separately through the effects they have on each other via their potential values. Both the 3-D hydrofoil surface and the free surface have been modeled using a constant strength source and constant strength doublet panels. The method's results were first validated against those regarding a tapered wing. Later, the model was applied to a tapered hydrofoil to investigate the effects of taper ratio on cavitating hydrofoil performance. The taper ratio has been found to cause a decrease in the drag coefficient on a cavitating hydrofoil, thereby causing an increase in the lift-drag ratio in an unbounded flow domain. The taper ratio also causes a slight improvement in the lift-drag ratio of the cavitating hydrofoil when moving under a free surface.

Curved tip effect on the performance of three-dimensional (3-D) cavitating hydrofoils moving steadily under a free water surface has been investigated numerically by an iterative boundary element method (IBEM) developed before. The IBEM has been modified and extended to solve this problem. The fluid is assumed to be inviscid, incompressible and the flow irrotational. All variables and equations are made non-dimensional to achieve a very quick and consistent numerical scheme. The IBEM is based on the Green’s theorem. The hydrofoil problem and the free surface problem are solved separately with the effects of each other via their potential values in an iterative manner. Both the 3-D hydrofoil surface and the free surface are modelled with constant strength source and constant strength doublet panels. The kinematic boundary condition is applied on the hydrofoil surface while the linearized kinematic and dynamic combined condition is applied on the free water surface. The method was val...

It is known that DARPA SUBOFF submarine model does not have a horizontal stability in deep water. In this study, the horizontal stability of submarine model moving during the periscope (snorkel) position or close to the free water surface, has been determined in 3 DoF (degrees of freedom). While determining the submarine stability and hydrodynamic maneuvering derivatives, linear coefficients of lateral translational force at different depths and linear coefficients of yaw angular moment were used. The depths were selected as 1.1D, 2.2D, 3.3D and 6D, here D is submarine diameter. The maneuvering derivatives were obtained by performing systematic analyzes with the computational fluid dynamics method. Necessary validation studies were also carried out in computational analyzes. In computational fluid dynamics analysis, longitudinal and lateral force derivatives, and yaw moment derivatives were determined and X0, Xv, Xd, Xẟ, Yv, Yr, Yẟ, Nv, Nr ve Nẟ terms were computed in the linear mod...

Kanat elemanı momentum tekniği, bir pervanenin performans tayininde son derece hızlı, basit ve efektif bir yöntemdir. Geleneksel lineer kanat elemanı momentum yöntemi, direncin indüklenmiş hücum açısı üzerindeki etkisinin küçük olduğunu kabul eder. Dolayısıyla, kanat açıklığı boyunca indüklenmiş hücum açıları küçük kalır. Ancak bu yaklaşımözellikle, yüksek ilerleme sayılarında doğru sonuçlar vermez. Lineer olmayan kanat elemanı momentum teoris bu problem çözer. Bu çalışmada, DTMB 4381 test pervanesinin açık su performansı kanat elemanı momentum teorisi ve RANS yöntemleriyle incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, lineer kanat elemanları yönteminin sonuçları ve deneysel verilerle karşılaştırılmıştır.

This article summarises the results of the underwater rescue excavation of the shipwreck of Ses Fontanelles (Mallorca, Balearic Islands). The excavation documented the remains of a vessel, 12 m long and 5 m beam, loaded with two tiers of amphorae, which had set sail from the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula. The cargo includes numerous amphorae which were still sealed and bearing tituli picti, allowing for the analysis of their content. There is little doubt that the shipwreck of Ses Fontanelles is a key site for our understanding of third–fourth-century trade in the Western Mediterranean.

Complexity is discussed in design literature mainly through its negative and in some cases positive consequences. This article critically reviews and elaborates the effects of complexity on competitiveness in ship design, its directionality, and magnitude. The article introduces a model for the measurement of ship design complexity and ship design competitiveness based on predefined factors. Archival data of 100 ship design projects from eight different Norwegian designers are used as case study. Multivariate data analysis techniques are employed to study the research model. The results show a significant correlation between complexity and competitiveness in ship design, where the magnitude and directionality of influence vary among different complexity factors. Our findings provide a basis for enhancing complexity management in ship design. Introduction Continual technology improvements and market volatility with its associated uncertainties have a significant impact on and partly ...

This paper investigates technical performance, acquisition cost and flexibility level for reconfigurable offshore ships. An offshore ship can be configured with various types of equipment; thus, its base structure constitutes a platform from which several end ship design configurations can be derived. A ship with equipment retrofit flexibility will typically have excess stability, deadweight and deck area to ensure physical compatibility. However, there are complex system interactions that need consideration, such as the effects of flexibility on cost and performance. The level of flexibility is quantified using filtered outdegree based on a tradespace network representation of the system. Technical performance is measured in terms of capability, capacity and operability, where a multi-attribute utility function is used to aggregate the total performance for comparison. Findings indicate that increased platform flexibility does increase capacity, but comes at a complex compromise with operability as resistance is increased, and roll periods become unfavorable due to high accelerations.

In this paper, we study the relationship between economic performance and flexibility for non-transport vessels. More specifically, we investigate the difference between two means of achieving flexibility: retrofittability and versatility, i.e., the ability of a vessel to satisfy diverse needs with or without change of physical form, respectively. A model is presented to study this relationship, where we first generate design alternatives with relevant, flexible properties before we subsequently evaluate the design alternatives based on their expected discounted economic lifecycle performance. The evaluation model is based on a two-level decomposition of the planning horizon to handle temporal complexity, using scenario planning and Epoch-Era analysis (EEA) for long-term strategic considerations, and Monte Carlo simulation and optimization for medium-term tactical ship deployment. The proposed model is applied to an offshore construction ship design case. Findings indicate that retrofittability significantly can increase economic performance for nontransport vessels operating in an uncertain heterogeneous context.

Pada zaman sekarang ini teknologi semakin canggih dan banyak sekali diciptakan alat-alat dan mesin moderen diantaranya adalah Gantry crane adalah jenis pesawat angkat yang digunakan untuk memindahkan barang dalam jumlah tertentu dengan mengubah daya putaran motor listrik menjadi gaya lincir dari pengait, melalui system transmisi gaya agar diperoleh putaran yang diinginkan. Mekanisme pengangkat utama meliputi : kait, drum, pully dan tali baja. Untuk mekanisme penggerak berupa roda jalan yang digerakan dengan motor penggerak melalui system transmisi roda gigi dan didesign sedemikian sehingga untuk menggerakan trolly dan end carriage . Sedangkan system pengangkat menggunakan motor listrik untuk menggulung tali kawat baja yang ujungnya di jepit pada drum dan kait yang di design sedemikian sehingga pada mekanisme ini dipasang pully agar lebih mudah untuk menaik turunkan muatan dan spert part.

A 2.14M length overall (LOA) flat bottom canoe (punt), was designed and constructed using locally available materials. The features of the canoe are least cost material, light weight, shallow draft and easy maneuverability. The canoe's light displacement (weight empty) was 28kg, which was less.than local canoe of same size. When placed on water a draft of 5.5cm was achieved which is 14.8% of its depth (37cm). The capacity of the canoe was 200kg, and the total production cost of N8, 700.00 which was, not beyond, the reach of an average fisher folks, or any fish farmer. The canoe was easily maneuvered when propelled by paddling as it floated at a shallow draft; this makes the canoe adequate for use on shallow water bodies such as ponds and reservoirs. Such easily maneuvered craft can also be used on pond or reservoirs for recreation which include, sport fishing, canoein

A 2.14 M length overall (LOA) flat bottom modern canoe (Sampan), was designed and constructed using locally available materials. The canoe features include easy construction, portability, least cost, light weight, shallow draft, and easy maneuverability. The light displacement (weight empty) was 25kg, which was less than local canoe of same size. When placed on water a draft of 5.5cm. The capacity of the canoe was 200kg, and the total production cost of N10, 000.00, ($67) which was not beyond the reach of an average fisher folks, or any fish farmer. The canoe was easily maneuvered when propelled by paddling as it floated at a shallow draft; this makes the canoe adequate for use on shallow water bodies such as ponds and reservoirs. The craft, because of its easy maneuverability, can also be used on shallow water bodies for recreational activities such as, sport fishing and canoeing

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varía, en parte, algunas de las conclusiones recogidas en la bibliografía generada tras las primeras excavaciones. Actualmente un equipo multidisciplinar de investigación está estudiando los restos hallados, materiales cerámicos, inscripciones en ánforas, arquitectura naval y analíticas de restos orgánicos e inorgánicos, resultados que se presentan en el siguiente artículo.

Fluid-structure interaction is a well-known and complicated problem. Its formulation requires simpli�cations in modelling, and usually the presence of gravity is one aspect which is neglected, especially in violent impact. In this thesis we account for the in uence of gravity on two physically di�erent but mathematically similar two-dimensional ows. First (in Chapters 2{4), sloshing impact of a standing wave on the lid of a rigid tank, and second (in Chapter 5), impact of a rigid blunt body entering water which is initially at rest. Chapter 1 presents the motivation, literature, aim and structure of the thesis. In Chapter 2, gravity is neglected and model equations are solved analytically, in particular the linearised hydrodynamic problem with and without the lid using the Wagner approximation, time and coordinate stretching, and displacement potential. Chapter 3, introduces gravity into the formulation and the model is solved semi-analytically to determine its in uence on the width...

Management of assignment of operational tasks realized in ship power plant The frequent cause of ships' detentions by port authorities are abnormalities of ship power plant functioning. Each extended ship lay time in port results in waste of ship operating time thus costs rise to shipowners. This is connected with improper ship power plant management. In order to avoid this, a ship engineer should have at his disposal computer aided system supporting him in managing of ship power plant. Such a system can be worked out on condition that mathematical formula which represents the decision - making process of an engineer has been built. The present work shows approache to the problem according to the situation in which the engineer is made to take certain decisions. In formulation of the most substantial operating states of a ship like lay time in harbour and sea voyage the ‘knapsack algorithm’ was applied. For both approaches objective function was formulated.

1925- 2025 : gli incrociatori pesanti italiani, una sintesi di storia navale e di tecnica a un secolo dalla loro apparizione, il ricordo di un breve periodo di servizio conclusosi con un episodio che è diventato un caso politico e motivo di aspre polemiche per oltre settant’anni.
Un dibattito che ben evidenzia le spaccature e i confronti emotivi e demagogici che troppo spesso prevalgono e caratterizzarono (poco) la nascita di questo tipo di nave e molto la loro fine.
Nello specifico, ci sarebbe poco da trattare riguardo ad un programma navale limitato, nato da un compromesso politico, un esperimento che poteva essere un’opportunità, di potere e di sviluppo industriale, che alcuni Paesi hanno colto mentre in Italia non si è capito né si è sfruttato
In Italia si fece quanto si poteva fare, ma non era quanto si sarebbe dovuto fare, anche se alcune voci si alzarono al riguardo e, con poco,  si sarebbero potute trovare opportune e tempestive soluzioni
Il progetto dei Trento venne sviluppato da uno “stato dell’arte nazionale”, sulla base di capacità industriali e cantieristiche al momento ancora accettabili, seppur non all’avanguardia;  l’incapacità di cogliere l’opportunità portò in breve tempo a un divario incolmabile rispetto allo stato dell’arte degli avversari .
Stato dell’arte e quindi capacità belliche e operative
Il risultato fu purtroppo, al momento della necessità e degli eventi bellici,  quello di navi superate se non sbagliate, nel posto sbagliato nel momento sbagliato.
Questo è l’ assioma che potrebbe chiudere questo capitolo di storia navale, ma - invece - sarà certamente oggetto di ben altre polemiche.
Una storia di responsabilità e incapacità che non si vollero riconoscere e quel che è peggio non si vogliono ancora riconoscere in un diverso panorama e un altro contesto, a distanza di un secolo e con insanabili conseguenze di perdite umane in uno scenario tragico ed inaccettabile: un dibattito al riguardo è possibile ed auspicabile,  ormai in assenza dei protagonisti e dei responsabili, come si è voluto aprire nella commemorazione dell’ottantesimo anniversario di Matapan, suggellata con la pubblicazione del libro di Massimo Alfano (Matapan: Il caso e la colpa. Dalla grande Marina alla vera Marina – Phatos Edit.)

Questo saggio è un anticipo del secondo volume sull’argomento e rientra nel dibattito in corso da tempo sulla reale preparazione e capacitò italiane di affrontare quella che nel 1940 era chiaramente una guerra tecnologica
 
Abstract
1925- 2025 : the Italian heavy cruisers, a synthesis of naval and technology history a century after their appearance, the record of a brief period of service that ended with an episode that became a political case and a reason for bitter controversy for over seventy years.
A debate that well highlights the rifts and emotional and demagogic confrontations that too often prevail and characterized (a little) the birth of this type of ship and very much their end. Specifically, there would be little to debate regarding a limited naval program, born from a political compromise, an experiment that could have been an opportunity, of power and industrial development, which some countries have seized while in Italy it has not been understood or exploited
In Italy what could be done was done, but it was not what should have been done, even if some voices were raised in this regard and, with little, appropriate and timely solutions could have been found
The Trento project was developed from a "national state of the art", on the basis of industrial and shipbuilding capacities that were still acceptable at the time, although not at the forefront; the inability to seize the opportunity led in a short time to an unbridgeable gap with respect to the state of the art of the opponents “state of the art” and therefore war and operational capabilities
The result was, unfortunately, at the time of operational necessity and war events, that of outdated more que wrong ships, in the wrong place at the wrong time.
This is the axiom that could close this chapter of naval history, but - instead - it will certainly be the subject of much more controversy.
A story of responsibility and inability that may people did not want to recognize and what is worse they still do not want to recognize in a different panorama and another context, a century later and with incurable consequences of human losses in a tragic and unacceptable scenario: a debate on this is possible and desirable, now in the absence of the protagonists and those responsible, as it was intended to open in the commemoration of the eightieth anniversary of Matapan, sealed with the publication of Massimo Alfano's book (Matapan: Il caso e la colpa. Dalla grande Marina alla vera Marina – Phatos Edit.)

This essay is a advance of the second volume on the subject and is part of the debate that has been going on the real Italian preparation and capability to face what in 1940 was clearly a technological war

Boschi, legnami, costruzioni navali L'Arsenale di Venezia fra XVI e XVIII secolo viella Deputazione di storia patria per le Venezie Calle del Tintor-S. Croce 1583-30135 Venezia Deputazione Di storia patria per le Venezie STUDI a cura di alfreDo Buonopane-pietro Del negro-giuseppe gullino-gherarDo ortalli

The book has been edited by Emmanuel Nantet and improved by further contributions, with sincere thanks to the contribution of the French Institute in Cyprus, of the CRESEM (Centre de Recherche sur les Sociétés et les Environnements Méditerranéens -EA 7397) and the

The surge in iron ore exports from the Indian state of Goa has increased the demand for larger size inland iron ore carriers. Operating economics of these inland vessels have resulted in a steady increase in their carrying capacity. However, attempt to increase the deadweight of these vessels has encountered challenges in form of loading and unloading point restrictions, increased squat, sway force and yaw moment at shallow waters. The present work, based on a request from Ministry of Shipping, Government of India, examines the present ore transportation system, the bathymetry of the Mandovi and Zuari rivers and the operating economics of the barges ranging from 750 to 3000 tonnes deadweight capacity. A new improved design for 3000 tonnes deadweight barge is presented. Alternate stern shapes are examined using CFD software SHIPFLOW ® . The hull form is model tested. The propeller geometry is optimized for the given engine and a suitable gear box. The proposed design is then investig...

The difference between population statistics is proposed as a primary acceptance criteria metric for the direct quantitative validation of ship simulation tools in support of accreditation for uses related to ship motions in irregular seas. The discussion is applicable to comparisons of statistical quantities calculated from ship motion time histories generated by simulations and benchmark data such as scale-model test results. The difference between population statistics provides several of the key characteristics desirable in acceptance criteria, including quantifiable measures of accuracy, completeness, and self-consistency. Further, this metric can be applied to a variety of statistical quantities of interest, provides an opportunity to extend parameter-level comparison results to a broader measure of overall accuracy, and allows for straightforward application of engineering margins traceable to simulation tool performance requirements. Use of the difference between values (oft...

A method is proposed to model large amplitude ship roll damping, with considerations for large amplitude roll motion effects, such as bilge keel interaction with the free-surface. The method is based on consideration of distinct ship-specific physical phenomena, such as bilge keel emergence and deck submergence. Abrupt physical changes occur with these events, resulting in significant changes in the damping of the system. Without these considerations, roll motion may be underpredicted. Additional considerations for practical implementation of the proposed method are also discussed.

This paper relates the evolution of a design and construction project of interest to the engineering community, that of a floating golf green. It also presents technical details on the unique aspects of this project and elucidates the design development process by explaining the evolution of technical criteria and their application to the facility design. A patented technique for construction of a large rigid pontoon from small prefabricated modules is described and final design and construction details are summarized. Numerous naval architecture and engineering tasks covering various disciplines were involved, including: design of steel, concrete, and composite structures; climatology assessment; determination of structural wave loads and mooring loads; design of fixed and adjustable mooring systems; provision of aesthetic design: design of piping systems; and development of weight assessment tools.

The application of composites as an alternative material for marine steel hatch covers is the subject of this study. Two separate approaches are considered; weight reduction approach and strengthening approach. For both approaches Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was performed using ANSYS software. Critical design parameters of the composite hatch cover and FEA are discussed in details. Regarding the weight reduction approach; steel hatch covers of a bulk carrier were replaced by composite covers and a weight reduction of 44.32% was achieved leading to many benefits including fuel saving, Deadweight Increment and lower center of gravity of the vessel. For the strengthening approach; the foremost hatch cover was strengthened to withstand 150% of the load required by IACS for safer navigation while no change in weight was made between the steel and composite covers. Results show that both approaches are feasible and advantageous.

A reliability-based robust design optimization (RBRDO) for ship hulls is presented. A real ocean environment is considered, including stochastic sea state and speed. The optimization problem has two objectives: (a) the reduction of the expected value of the total resistance in waves and (b) the increase of the ship operability (reliability). Analysis tools include a URANS solver, uncertainty quantification methods and metamodels, developed and validated in earlier research. The design space is defined by an orthogonal fourdimensional representation of shape modifications, based on the Karhunen-Loève expansion of free-form deformations of the original hull. The objective of the present paper is the assessment of deterministic derivative-free multi-objective optimization algorithms for the solution of the RBRDO problem, with focus on multi-objective extensions of the deterministic particle swarm optimization (DPSO) algorithm. Three evaluation metrics provide the assessment of the proximity of the solutions to a reference Pareto front and their wideness.

Modern engineering projects rely on three critical components: People – Process – Products. The goal of this paper is to document the development of an objective mathematical framework that is capable of accounting for the inherit communication and technical skill of a design team. This technique will begin to apply rigor and consistency to this traditional, ‘soft science’.

In the post-war years, Gio Ponti designed the interiors of ocean liners that would become the pride of the Italian merchant marine, thus helping restore the country’s image after World War II. With their elegant modern interiors, these ships contributed to the taking root of the myth of Italian styling in the 1950s, along with the bodywork of Pininfarina, designer clothes by Schubert, Fontana, Antonelli and Pucci, shoes by Ferragamo and leather goods by Gucci. The ocean liners Conte Grande, Conte Biancamano, Giulio Cesare and Andrea Doria linked Italy with North and South America, while the Oceania and Africa did the same for those continents, representing the creativity of Italian industry abroad. In connection with work on the ships, Ponti summoned such famous artists as Massimo Campigli, Salvatore Fiume and Fausto Melotti to collaborate, as well as highly skilled decorators and craftsmen, including Paolo de Poli and Piero Fornasetti. The transitory nature of Ponti’s naval projects – these ships were in service for only two decades before being supplanted by air transport – has caused a certain lack of critical attention to them; happily, this work allows a wider audience to rediscover a little-known chapter in the vast activity of the Milan master and in the history of Italian interior decoration.

LNG containment system (LCS) of No.96 is a membrane type structure which covers the inner steel hull of the LNG ship. The LCS of No.96 is a box system which consists of two stacked plywood boxes filled by perlite grains. Traditionally, the study of LCS No.96 was based on shell finite elements. The shell element model can predict neither the failure mode which is related to shear through the thickness of the plywood plate nor the stresses related to the crushing of primary and secondary bulkheads. Therefore, a finite element model consisting of the coupling of solid and shell elements is introduced. In this study, a static analysis of the stress distribution is conducted. The finite element model is applied to study the sensitivity of the element type and size as well as to carry out an optimization of the size of the solid regions. The effect of the material properties as a function of the temperature on the buckling capacity of the LCS No.96 is shown. Recommendations on finite elem...

Water-power in pre-industrial Veneto. Management and transformation of hydraulic energy through the archives of the Venetian magistrate of the “Provveditori sopra i Beni Inculti” , in Journal of Energy History , 13-1 (2025), pp. 1j-16j.
In the Venetian state, the relationship between energy, technology, and politics underwent significant changes in the mid-16th century, when the State assumed control over water resources and established a special magistracy, the Provveditori sopra i Beni Inculti (Superintendents of uncultivated lands) to oversee their utilisation and grant their rights of use. This article provides an overview of the magistracy's functions and its archives. The aim is, firstly, to analyse their role as a source for the assessment of the use of water power in the Venetian mainland state in the medium and long term, from the Renaissance to the fall of the Venetian Republic in 1797. Secondly, to highlight the potential of this archival material for the study of water as a (proto-) industrial resource in one of the most advanced manufacturing areas of preindustrial Italy.

Upon exiting the refinery, fuel products are distributed to vessels, from vessels to the terminals conducting the activities of fuel storage and distribution operations, and from terminals to stations via road tanker. Problems of loss in the product quantities occur after the movements of displacement of the product in terminal tanks and simultaneous the movements during filling operations. In this paper all operation processes of one of the fuel oil terminal in Turkey. The fuel products were received upon the unloading of the vessel and storage and distribution activities were carried out in this terminal. The elements causing loss during the terminal operation processes were examined with the failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) technique. According to this analysis, the fields for which measures would be taken with precedence and a solution approach were presented for the company. While this approach is providing the causes of occurrence of failures as well as the control of loss for the company, the risk of fire and spillage likely to occur can be prevented as well.

According to some authors it is estimated that around 80% of accidents at sea are caused by human and organizational errors (HOE). In order to gain knowledge of phenomena that occur during ship operations, a decision was made to design and build a test site for carrying out model-based investigations of ships, including in situations of hazard to buoyancy. The model-based investigations are used as the basic and universal method for forecasting ship dynamic properties. The results of initial research on the dynamic impact of air flow on an 888 project type ship model are presented in the elaboration. The research has been executed at a test stand located in the Polish Naval Academy. The experimental results have been compared with theoretical calculations for angle of dynamic heel. Input parameters for the tests and calculations have been defined in accordance with recommendations of the Polish Register of Shipping (PRS) and International Maritime Organization (IMO) (IMO Instruments).

The paper describes the development of Living Hub: a laboratory for research, experimentation and training based on the Living Lab model, integrated with the use of the Simulation technique, to optimise the study of the interaction between people, environments, and technology. The lab aims to support the design of capacitating technologies and responsive environments that can adapt to the needs of their users, with reference to the home context. Located in Liguria, a region with the highest rate of ageing in the world, Living Hub focuses experimentation on innovative models for the care of the frail through different levels of scalar/modular integration of enabling technologies in the built environment.

A reliability-based robust design optimization (RBRDO) for ship hulls is presented. A real ocean environment is considered, including stochastic sea state and speed. The optimization problem has two objectives: (a) the reduction of the expected value of the total resistance in waves and (b) the increase of the ship operability (reliability). Analysis tools include a URANS solver, uncertainty quantification methods and metamodels, developed and validated in earlier research. The design space is defined by an orthogonal fourdimensional representation of shape modifications, based on the Karhunen-Loève expansion of free-form deformations of the original hull. The objective of the present paper is the assessment of deterministic derivative-free multi-objective optimization algorithms for the solution of the RBRDO problem, with focus on multi-objective extensions of the deterministic particle swarm optimization (DPSO) algorithm. Three evaluation metrics provide the assessment of the proximity of the solutions to a reference Pareto front and their wideness.

Contributi e saggi pubblicati in questo volume sono stati valutati preventivamente secondo il criterio internazionale della Double-blind Peer Review. I diritti di traduzione, riproduzione e adattamento totale o parziale e con qualsiasi mezzo (compresi i microfilm e le copie fotostatiche) sono riservati per tutti i Paesi. L'editore è a disposizione degli aventi diritto per eventuali riproduzioni tratte da fonti non identificate.

This article examines the administrative evolution of the Royal Shipyard of Barcelona (1500-1640), a cornerstone of the Spanish Monarchy's Mediterranean naval strategy. Using a prosopographical approach, it focuses on the shipyard's superintendents, tracing their transition from administrative clerks to authoritarian nobles, military experts, and later political appointees, as they adapted to the Monarchy's shifting priorities in naval governance, resource management, and geopolitical strategy. The study highlights the challenges of balancing regional autonomy with imperial centralization, showing how the shipyard adapted its governance to sustain galley production and naval logistics during a period of intense Mediterranean conflict. By situating the Barcelona arsenal within broader discussions on professionalization and state-building, this research contributes to the historiography of naval administration and offers comparative insights into early modern maritime governance.

INTRODUCÎIOl -PANORAMA DES CONSTRUCTEURS -les professionnels -12S non professionnels l i -A~ALYSE DE LEURS ACTIVITES -types d;2mbarcatlctechniques de construction -mo:al1tes de mIse en oeuvre III -CONTEXTE DE LEUR INTERVENTION -une conjoncture changean~e -une politique d'encadrement -un avenir incertain

Sinistralidade na pesca local na região do grande Porto iii RESUMO A pesca local, também apelidada de artesanal é o meio de sobrevivência de milhares de trabalhadores portugueses e de grande parte das suas famílias que dela dependem exclusivamente. É considerada a atividade mais arriscada do mundo atendendo às condições de trabalho em que é prestada, e aos riscos elevados a que diariamente todos os marítimos se encontram expostos. Este estudo pretende dar a conhecer as principais causas que contribuíram para a ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho não mortais no setor da pesca artesanal da costa portuguesa, com incidência nos marítimos inscritos na Capitania do Porto de Leixões. Com vista à recolha dos dados, foram preenchidos questionários através das respostas obtidas junto dos marítimos, os quais foram posteriormente sistematizados e analisados. Foram também analisados estudos nacionais e internacionais referentes às pescas. Os resultados conseguidos revelam que a maioria dos acidentes ocorreu quando eram desenvolvidas atividades de pesca, com maior incidência nas tarefas de recolha de pescado e quando estavam envolvidos aparelhos de levantamento (Guinchos e Aladores). Foram estes últimos os que mais danos pessoais provocaram. As condições climatéricas, a pressão do tempo e a organização do trabalho, foram apontadas pelos marítimos, como as causas da ocorrência dos acidentes. Apesar dos acidentes terem provocado danos em todas as partes do corpo, os de maior índice de gravidade advieram dos danos provocados quando a cabeça foi atingida. As quedas ao mar revelam uma taxa de incidência elevada, e aparentam ser uma predestinação dos marítimos. Concluiu-se que a pesca é um setor de atividade com pouca atratividade para os trabalhadores. Se não forem adotadas medidas que invertam a tendência de abandono da atividade e a falta ingresso de novos trabalhadores, a breve trecho, o setor corre o risco de quase desaparecer. Os riscos a que os marítimos se encontram expostos quando desenvolvem as suas atividades no mar são elevados e a sua segurança apresenta grande debilidade. Daí ser fundamental uma organização e coordenação de todos os trabalhos desenvolvidos nas embarcações, com especial incidência, nas zonas de maior ocorrência de acidentes. Os marítimos aceitam a exposição a riscos elevados que ultrapassam o desejável, saindo para o mar com condições climatéricas adversas em embarcações débeis. Esta exposição deve-se à necessidade de obtenção de rendimento, por inexistência de uma remuneração fixa, à fixação de cotas de pesca, às épocas de captura das diferentes espécies e, também, à cultura de risco existente no setor. A mitigação dos riscos para valores aceitáveis é indispensável para a redução da sinistralidade.

Eksplorasi minyak dan gas bumi di Indonesia diprediksi akan mengalami peningkatan yang cukup pesat pada tahun 2019 yang menyebabkan utilisasi kapal supply semakin meningkat seiring dengan SKK Migas menyetujui dan merekomendasi 18 rencana pengembangan lapangan migas selama 2015. Pada Tugas Akhir ini dibahas mengenai optimasi perancangan awal kapal supply dengan melakukan optimasi pada ukuran utama kapal dan fungsi obyektif memaksimumkan DWT dengan constraint berupa batasan ukuran utama, batasan stabilitas, dan batasan hambatan kapal. Selain dilakukan optimasi ukuran utama, dilakukan perhitungan awal hambatan kapal, kebutuhan daya mesin induk (BHP), estimasi awal berat kapal beserta titik beratnya, dan perhitungan awal stabilitas statis kapal. DWT kapal dipilih sebagai fungsi obyektif karena dalam prakteknya DWT merupakan komponen yang menentukan apakah kapal tersebut efisien atau tidak dalam operasinya. Dari analisa dan perhitungan yang dilakukan pada Tugas Akhir ini, didapatkan ukur...

Questo lavoro considera la nascita e l'evoluzione della gondola partendo dalle origini fino al 1700, quando assume l'aspetto finale, o poco discosto da questo. Lo studio si basa sulle fonti scritte e su quelle iconografiche. La gondola è l'evoluzione della cymbula, la barchetta romana a fondo piatto, che veniva usata nelle lagune del nord-Adriatico da Ravenna ad Altino. Il nome appare citato per la prima volta nell'XI secolo, ma non ne conosciamo la forma. L'iconografia mostra che c'è stata una prima importante transizione di forma dopo il ritorno di Marco Polo, dapprima in un affresco della scuola di Giotto nel 1340 a Bolzano, e poi nel 1370 quando si vede rappresentata dipinta da Lorenzo Veneziano e Giusto de' Menabuoi e così rimase fino agli inizi del 1500, rappresentata da Carpaccio, Bellini, Mansueti e molti altri, compreso Leonardo che la applicò a una macchina cavafango. Una seconda trasformazione importante avvenne nel 1509, quando fu dotata di rostri acuminati per essere impegnata nelle battaglie fluviali contro Ferrara e gli alleati della lega di Cambrai. Si è trovato che nei tempi antichi il nome 'delfino' veniva dato a una macchina bellica per sfondare le carene delle navi nemiche, come scrive Tucidide, sia anche come soprannome dei pirati Tirreni, derivato dalla forma a muso di delfino che avevano i rostri delle loro navi. Una terza trasformazione avvenne tra la fine del 1600 e il 1700, quando assunse l'aspetto noto, tramandatoci dai quadri del Canaletto e gli altri Vedutisti veneziani. La ricerca non ha considerato solo l'aspetto tecnico, ma anche la percezione tramandata dalla letteratura, a partire da Dante e Petrarca, e gli agganci con l'Asia suggeriti da Marco Polo. Poiché l'uso bellico della gondola è poco noto, si è affrontato anche questo tema, riportando la letteratura militare antica che ne spiega l'impegno in campo, e i vari resoconti di guerra che descrivono le azioni. Particolare importanza ebbe anche il contesto economico e socio-politico, in quanto quando Venezia si trovò in difficoltà, dovette ricorrere sul contributo dei cittadini. Il Doge fece degli editti per convincere e incitare i SEARCH Tout OpenEdition Nuovi approfondimenti sulle origini della Gondola Veneziana, e il suo a...

Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang memiliki sumber daya alam yang melimpah. Pulau natuna adalah salah satu kepulauan yang memiliki sumber daya alam gas bumi. Namun natuna akhir-akhir ini sedang ada permasalahan konflik dengan negara cina tentang perebutan sengketa hak milik pulau natuna  yang sebabkan oleh sumber kekayaan yang banyak di pulau natuna. Dengan ini dari sektor kebutuhan suatu Negara untuk mempertahankan negaranya berupaya mengembangkan teknologi terbaru khususnya di bidang maritime untuk kapal selam tersendiri banyak bervariasi dalam perkembangan teknologi yang semakin canggih. Terlebih kompleksitas kapal selam modern tipe tumblehome hull. perancangan dengan metode trend curve approach dengan menggunakan perhitungan regresi linier sederhana. perhitungan hambatan dengan menggunakan software TYDN CFD, perhitungan stabilitas dihitung pada sudut 0 -90 0 dengan kriteria IMO, hidrostatik dan equilibirum dibantu dengan perangkat lunak untuk perhitungan. Ukuran utama yan...

This paper utilizes CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) methods to investigate the bank effects on a tanker moving straight ahead at low speed in a canal characterized by surface piercing banks. For varying water depths and ship-tobank distances, the sinkage and trim as well as the viscous hydrodynamic forces on the hull are predicted mainly by a steady state RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) solver, in which the double model approximation is adopted to simulate the flat free surface. A potential flow method is also applied to evaluate the effect of the free surface and viscosity on the solutions. In addition, focus is placed on V&V (Verification and Validation) based on a grid convergence study and comparison with EFD (Experimental Fluid Dynamics) data, as well as the exploration of the modelling error in RANS computations to enable more accurate and reliable predictions of the bank effects. NOMENCLATURE α Constant (-) δ RE Discretization error (-) ν Kinematic viscosity (N•s•m -2 ) ρ Density of water (kg•m -3 ) σ Sinkage (m) ij  Average stress (N•m -2 ) τ Trim (°) 1.

Numerical reconstruction is the process of modeling, analyzing, and evaluating the performance of structures or a sequence of events using the finite element method and other numerical engineering methods. Although numerical analysis is used extensively in contemporary engineering problems, it can be equally useful in the study of ancient structures and events of the past. The materials and design of structures are different, e.g., when comparing a modern containership with an old galleon, but the main problem to be solved is essentially the same—will the ship sail efficiently and safely for many years? This paper aims to provide an overview of recent achievements in numerical reconstruction in maritime archaeology. Since it is clearly an interdisciplinary activity, research is often carried out within a specific project by project team members or interested groups of researchers. While the paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of such efforts, special attention is paid to ...