Mental development

In normal growth and development, a child will see changes in the size of the body's organs (physical) as the child gets older. Body sizes will increase, both those that are visible such as feet, hands, body height and so on, and those that are not visible such as the heart, lungs, muscles and so on. At the same time, changes are also experienced in the spiritual/mental field, namely increasing the ability to observe, remember, feel, and so on, in line with the physical growth mentioned above, so that a healthy soul will develop in accordance with healthy physical growth as well. The research method is by comparing research methods, processing methods, and the results obtained from each article. The research source comes from articles obtained via the internet in the form of research articles discussing early childhood development. The research results show that the conclusions of the factors that influence the development of western and Islamic psychological perspectives are heredity, environment and God's provisions. In western psychology, emphasis is placed on factors such as heredity and environment in understanding individual development, while in Islamic psychology, the factor of Allah's provisions is also considered very important.

Latar belakang Fenomena yang terjadi di TK Dewi Sartika Wonokromo Surabaya terlihat orang tua masih mengambil alih aktivitas yang seharusnya dilakukan oleh anaknya, seperti membawa tas kesekolah dan melepaskan sepatu. Seharusnya anak umur 3-6 tahun sudah bisa berkembang kemampuan kemandiriannya. Tujuan penelitian menganalisis hubungan antara parenting style dengan kemandirian anak pada usia 4-5 tahun di TK Dewi Sartika Wonokromo Surabaya. Metode: Desain Penelitian ini analitik korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi seluruh orang tua yang mempunyai anak usia 4-5 tahun berjumlah 45 responden, besar sampel sebesar 40 responden, pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner yang disampaikan melalui google form. Pengolahan data melalui editing, scoring, coding, processing, cleaning, dan tabulating. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis uji Spearman's rho dengan tingkat signifikansi α = 0,05 Hasil: Hasil penelitian dari 40 responden sebagian besar (57.5 %) responden menerapkan pola asuh demokratis dan sebagian besar (52.5 %) anak kurang mandiri. Dari 23 responden yang menerapkan pola asuh demokratis, sebagian besar (73.9 %) anak kurang mandiri. Hasil menggunakan uji Spearman's rho dengan tingkat kemaknaan α = 0,05 didapatkan bahwa ρ=0,006 yang berarti ada hubungan parenting style dengan kemandirian anak pada usia 4-5 tahun di TK Dewi Sartika Wonokromo Surabaya. Simpulan dan Saran Setiap pola asuh memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan masing-masing, Semakin orang tua menerapkan parenting style yang baik maka anak akan lebih mandiri. Diharapkan peneliti bisa dijadikan referensi dan bisa dihubungkan dengan faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi parenting style.

The results of a food supplementation study conducted in four chronically malnourished rural villages in Guatemala were analyzed to determine possible effects on the study children's early mental and physical development. One of two food supplements, atole and fresco, were given to pregnant and lactating mothers and the infants born to them up to three years of age. The level of supplement received was noted and the subsequent course of the children's development observed. Food supplementation of pregnant mothers was found to correlate with higher weights of their babies at birth. No other major maternal variables--home diet, body height and/or weight, morbidity, obstetric characteristics, or socioeconomic status--could account for this association. At 36 months of age the children who had received a large amount of food supplementation showed a far lower prevalence of growth retardation than did those who received smaller quantities. Again, this correlation could not be att...

Relationships between physical growth, mental development and nutritional status in children 1–3 years of ageBackground: Based on health surveys under the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2018, the prevalence of delayed gross motor development, social personal, soft motor and language development in children aged 0.5 - 5.9 years is still high reaching 11.5%, up to 21, 6%, and the prevalence of malnutrition reaches 3.9%. The percentage of malnutrition in Lampung Province is 1.6% to 12.4%.Purpose: Knowing relationships between physical growth, mental development and nutritional status in children 1–3 years of age.Method: A quantitative research, using a cross-sectional approach with a population was mothers of children aged 1-3 years at the Palapa Health Center in Bandar Lampung City with a sample of 203 toddlers, using random sampling with proportional random sampling technique. Data collection techniques were used by observing toddlers and filling in the Pre-Screen...

Background Exposure to arsenic through drinking water has been associated with impaired cognitive function in school-aged children in crosssectional studies; however, there are few longitudinal studies and little information on effects of exposure in early life when the brain is generally most vulnerable. A longitudinal cohort study beginning in early pregnancy was conducted in rural Bangladesh, where arsenic concentrations in well water vary considerably. We assessed the effects of pre-and postnatal arsenic exposure on development of 2112 children at 18 months of age with Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II (mental and psychomotor development indices), Wolke's Behavior Rating Scale and maternal report of language. We related the measures of child development to arsenic concentrations in maternal urine in gestational weeks 9 and 30 and child's urinary arsenic at 18 months of age. Details of socio-economic background, home stimulation and anthropometric measurements of mothers and children were also available. Median maternal urinary arsenic concentration averaged over early and late gestation was 96 mg/l, whereas children's urine contained 35 mg/l of arsenic. There was no significant effect of any of the arsenic exposure measures on any of the child development measures after controlling for social and economic confounders, child's age and sex. Contrary to expectations, we found no indications of adverse effects of pre-or postnatal arsenic exposure on child development at 18 months. It remains possible that duration of exposure is critical and that effects will become apparent later in childhood.

The Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) study is an ongoing prospective cohort study that recruits pregnant women early in pregnancy and, as of 2012, is following up their infants to 3 years of age. It has currently enrolled approximately 5000 Canadians (2000 pregnant women, their offspring and many of their partners). The primary aims of the APrON study were to determine the relationships between maternal nutrient intake and status, before, during and after gestation, and (1) maternal mood; (2) birth and obstetric outcomes; and (3) infant neurodevelopment. We have collected comprehensive maternal nutrition, anthropometric, biological and mental health data at multiple points in the pregnancy and the post‐partum period, as well as obstetrical, birth, health and neurodevelopmental outcomes of these pregnancies. The study continues to follow the infants through to 36 months of age. The current report describes the study design and methods, and findings of some pilot work....

This research was conducted following fundamental ethical principles appropriate for a studentled, independent study. Ethical integrity, participant well-being, and respect for individual privacy were central to the research design and implementation. All participants were informed in advance about the purpose, procedures, and expected duration of the study. The nature of the research-exploring the psychology of dreams-was explained in simple and accessible language to ensure full understanding, especially as the participants ranged in age from 14 to 18 years. Participants voluntarily provided both verbal consent and written consent through email communication from their legal guardians, given that many were minors. Participation in the study was entirely voluntary, anonymous, and confidential. No personally identifying information such as names, surnames, exact school names, contact numbers, or addresses was collected at any point. Each participant was assigned a random identification number for data analysis purposes. All dream journals and questionnaire responses were handled with sensitivity and care, and only the researcher had access to raw data. Participants were assured that they could withdraw from the study at any time without needing to provide a reason and with no negative consequences. The questionnaires and dream journaling tasks were designed to be non-invasive and psychologically safe. The language used was age-appropriate and respectful, avoiding any probing or distressing content. Questions about sleep, emotions, and dreams were asked in a general, reflective manner rather than in a therapeutic or diagnostic framework. Given the minimal-risk nature of the study, no formal institutional ethics board approval was necessary; however, the research strictly followed educational and psychological best practices and upheld all ethical guidelines recommended for research involving minors. The data collected has been presented only in aggregate form and used solely for academic purposes. No individual responses have been or will be shared. All physical and digital data will be securely stored and deleted after a reasonable retention period, not exceeding twelve months. This research aims to positively contribute to the understanding of adolescent dream patterns and their psychological dimensions. By providing insights into the emotional undercurrents that surface in dreams, the study hopes to raise awareness of mental and emotional well-being among teenagers, encourage dialogue around inner experiences, and pave the way for further research in adolescent psychology. This research project titled "Psychology of Dreams: An Adolescent Perspective" is an independent, student-led academic inquiry conducted for educational purposes only. It is not affiliated with any formal research institution, clinical body, or government organization. The information presented in this study is based on data voluntarily provided by participants aged 14 to 18 and is intended solely for academic and awareness purposes. It is not a substitute for professional psychological advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Any interpretations offered in this paper are grounded in general psychological theory and personal analysis and should not be construed as clinical judgments or therapeutic conclusions. Every effort has been made to maintain participant confidentiality, minimize harm, and adhere to widely accepted ethical standards in educational and psychological research. Participation was voluntary, with verbal and written consent provided by the participants or their legal guardians. No identifying personal data has been disclosed at any point in this research. The views, findings, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the researcher and do not necessarily reflect the perspectives of any educational institution, organization, or external reviewer. Readers and evaluators are encouraged to approach the content of this study with an academic mindset, respecting its status as a student project grounded in genuine effort, integrity, and an interest in advancing adolescent mental health awareness.

Physics has been, is, and will be, one of the main conceptual pillars and applications that an engineer and/or technologist must have in his knowledge and in his professional praxis since it contributes to the development of his thought as in the structure of the mind. For this reason, the teacher should be a guide that builds on the student, solid knowledge for the development of scientific thinking, of course, from the possibilities offered by the classroom with its different support resources.

Kendi iç-gerçekliğimiz yani iç-dünyamız deneyimlerle elde ettiğimiz manevi zenginliklerin meydana getirdiği soyut bir evrendir. Benliğimizin bu katmanı duyularımızın edindiği verilerle oluşan, akıl yürütmelerimizle seviyesini ve derinliğini belirlediğimiz bir sanat atölyesi gibidir. Bu katman, kendi irademizin içinde barındırdığı genetik mirasın niteliğine ve çevresel etkenlerin mahiyetine göre bir dünya ve gerçeklik yaratır.
Our inner-reality, our inner-world, is an abstract universe made up of the spiritual riches we acquire through experience. This layer of our self is like an art workshop that is formed by the data acquired by our senses and whose level and depth we determine with our reasoning. This layer creates a world and reality according to the nature of the genetic heritage that our will contains and the nature of environmental factors.

Sport of explosion, based on a special technique and a relatively small movement, badminton requires an excellent physical condition. In this context, coordinative capabilities are designed to ensure rapid learning of technical procedures and tactical structures. The purpose of this study is to analyze both the coordinative capabilities and the capacity of sport performance to juniors groups in badminton. To obtain more relevant results for identifying the level of coordinative capabilities, we used the following variables: time-space orientation, kinesthetic differentiation, motor response and rhythmicity capabilities. In terms of sport performance capacity, to obtain significant results, we used a wide range of observation protocols of techniques used by athletes during games. The obtained results are solid basis for establishing causal relationships between coordinative capabilities and achieving sports performance in badminton. Keywords: Badminton, coordinative capabilities, per...

Background: Due to lack of culturally relevant assessment tools, little is known about children's developmental profiles in low income settings such as Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to adapt and standardize the Denver II for assessing child development in Jimma Zone, South West Ethiopia. Methods: Culture-specific test items in Denver II were modified. After translation into two local languages, all test items were piloted and fine-tuned. Using 1597 healthy children 4 days to 70.6 months of age, the 25, 50, 75 and 90 % passing ages were determined for each test item as milestones. Milestones attainment on the adapted version and the Denver II were compared on the 90 % passing age. Reliability of the adapted tool was examined. Results: A total of 36 (28.8 %) test items, mostly from personal social domain, were adapted. Milestones attainment ages on the two versions differed significantly on 42 (34 %) test items. The adapted tool has an excellent inter-rater on 123 (98 %) items and substantial to excellent test-retest reliability on 119 (91 %) items. Conclusions: A Western developmental assessment tool can be adapted reliably for use in low-income settings. Age differences in attaining milestones indicate a correct estimation of child development requires a populationspecific standard.

Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o desenvolvimento aos 24 meses de 152 crianças nascidas a termo, com baixo peso (< 2500g) e peso adequado (3000 a 3499g), pareadas numa proporção de 1:1 por sexo e idade. O desenvolvimento mental e motor foram avaliados pela escala de Bayley. Estudaram-se ainda algumas variáveis ambientais, como as condições sócio-econômicas e demográficas e a estimulação ambiental. As crianças do grupo de baixo peso ao nascer apresentaram, para os índices mental e motor, média significantemente mais baixa do que a do grupo de peso adequado (p<0,001) com diferença de 9,1 e 10,2 pontos, respectivamente. A análise de regressão linear múltipla evidenciou que as condições sócio-econômicas e de estimulação ambiental explicaram 11% e 12% da variação do índice de desenvolvimento mental e 12% e 9% do desenvolvimento motor, respectivamente. Juntas elas explicaram 23% e 21% da variação desses índices. O baixo peso ao nascer influenciou apenas 3% da variação do índ...

Kayaking and canoeing is a sport in which branch specific effort is repetitive and technical component plays a decisive role. To acquire accurate and efficient technique, an important role: the quality of training methods and means used, but equally important are: the development of motor skills, motor skills, coordination skills and sportsman, the development of mental capacity to represent and intuition correct movement to be executed correctly

Introduction: Development is a progressive which means irreversible, development that is movement, language, social and independence. The age of preschoolers can be ordered as a golden period or golden age, an important period in development. In this period parents' parenting is very important. But parents sometimes do not pay attention to parenting who is good, they are always worried about what if left alone. Therefore parents must know the importance of having good parenting. The purpose of this study was to study the pattern of foster care of parents with the development of preschool children. Methods: Pre correlational with cross sectional method. Population of all parents and preschoolers at RA Kindergarten. Cut Nyak Dien in Gendingan Kedungwaru Village for 6-08 February 2018 as many as 72. The samples of this study were 72 parents and preschool children who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Total sampling technique, questionnaire and KPSP instruments, and spearman rank ranking statistics (rho) with α = 0.05. Results: The study obtained 63 (87.5%) parents who had authoritative parenting and with appropriate child development as many as 65 (90.3%) while authoritarian parenting with a number of 1 (1.4%). spearman rank (rho) with a value of P = 0,000 <α (0,05), then there is a relationship between Parenting Parenting and the Development of Preschool children in TK RA. Cut Nyak Dien Gendingan village Kedungwaru. Conclusion: Parenting Parenting has a relationship to the development of preschool children. Where parents who have authoritative parenting, the development of children in accordance with the development.

To transform knowledge to students about the protection of children's rights through the prevention of early marriage and to foster legal awareness of students/ students so as to avoid behaviors that can have an impact on early marriage. This devotional activity is carried out by socializing methods directly to high school students in the city of Tidore Islands. Results of Devotion; There is still vulnerable and minimal information related to early marriage with various impacts on the physical, mental, and psychological development of children. The city of Tidore Islands is one of the small towns that also has a number of dispensation applications that although small compared to other cities but to anticipate a surge in applications, serious attention is needed by the local government.

To transform knowledge to students about the protection of children's rights through the prevention of early marriage and to foster legal awareness of students/ students so as to avoid behaviors that can have an impact on early marriage. This devotional activity is carried out by socializing methods directly to high school students in the city of Tidore Islands. Results of Devotion; There is still vulnerable and minimal information related to early marriage with various impacts on the physical, mental, and psychological development of children. The city of Tidore Islands is one of the small towns that also has a number of dispensation applications that although small compared to other cities but to anticipate a surge in applications, serious attention is needed by the local government.

This study aims to determine the effect of parenting patterns on emotional regulation in early childhood. Parenting patterns have an important role in children's emotional development, especially in teaching how to manage and express emotions appropriately. The research method used is quantitative with a survey approach, where data is collected through questionnaires filled out by parents of children aged 3-5 years. The results of the study indicate that there is a significant relationship between parenting patterns applied by parents and children's emotional regulation abilities. Democratic and supportive parenting patterns tend to increase children's ability to regulate their emotions, while authoritarian and permissive parenting patterns have the potential to decrease this ability. These findings underline the importance of choosing the right parenting pattern to support the emotional development of early childhood. This study is expected to be a reference for parents and educators in understanding the importance of parenting patterns in the formation of children's emotional regulation.

El presente trabajo trata de analizar si los niveles de estrés experimentados por los progenitores inciden sobre el desarrollo mental y motor de un grupo de niños nacidos demasiado pequeños o demasiado pronto. Participaron 19 niños y niñas nacidos, con menos de 36 semanas de gestación (media 29,84) y menos de 1500 gramos (media 1099,89), en el Hospital 12 de octubre de Madrid cuyos padres y madres consintieron participar en este trabajo. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala BSID-II para obtener los índices del desarrollo mental y psicomotor en los niños cuando alcanzaron la edad 2 años y la PSI de Abidin, para valorar el estrés total de los padres y madres participantes, así como su percepción de Malestar Paterno, Interacción Disfuncional y Niño Difícil. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis de comparaciones de medias para muestras independientes. Los resultados indican que existen diferencias significativas entre los altos y los bajos nive-

Introduction: Development is a progressive which means irreversible, development that is movement, language, social and independence. The age of preschoolers can be ordered as a golden period or golden age, an important period in development. In this period parents' parenting is very important. But parents sometimes do not pay attention to parenting who is good, they are always worried about what if left alone. Therefore parents must know the importance of having good parenting. The purpose of this study was to study the pattern of foster care of parents with the development of preschool children. Methods: Pre correlational with cross sectional method. Population of all parents and preschoolers at RA Kindergarten. Cut Nyak Dien in Gendingan Kedungwaru Village for 6-08 February 2018 as many as 72. The samples of this study were 72 parents and preschool children who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Total sampling technique, questionnaire and KPSP instruments, and spearman rank ranking statistics (rho) with α = 0.05. Results: The study obtained 63 (87.5%) parents who had authoritative parenting and with appropriate child development as many as 65 (90.3%) while authoritarian parenting with a number of 1 (1.4%). spearman rank (rho) with a value of P = 0,000 <α (0,05), then there is a relationship between Parenting Parenting and the Development of Preschool children in TK RA. Cut Nyak Dien Gendingan village Kedungwaru. Conclusion: Parenting Parenting has a relationship to the development of preschool children. Where parents who have authoritative parenting, the development of children in accordance with the development.

Kesehatan mental merupakan suatu kondisi perkembangan fisik, intelektual dan emosional yang optimal dan selaras serta memperhatikan semua segi-segi dalam kehidupan manusia. Oleh karena itu, anak yang sehat secara mental adalah anak yang mampu menghadapi permasalahan-permasalahan dalam hidupnya. Pola pengasuhan sangat mempengaruhi aspek tumbuh kembang anak terutama hubungan kelekatan antara orang tua dan anak. Kegiatan sosialisasi ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesehatan mental dengan membangun hubungan kelekatan antara orang tua dan anak. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di Desa Sementul, Kecamatan Rantaubayur, Musi Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan. Peserta yang mengikuti kegiatan ini adalah siswa Paud, Sekolah Dasar, dan Sekolah Menengah Pertama dengan ibu mereka. Berdasarkan hasil observasi selama kegiatan permainan berlangsung, tampak bahwa masyarakat masih memerlukan edukasi mengenai kelekatan antara orang tua dan anak, sehingga butuh upaya dari berbagai pihak terutama para profesional se...

Motivated learning is a new machine learning approach that extends reinforcement learning idea to dynamically changing, and highly structured environments. In this approach a machine is capable of defining its own objectives and learns to satisfy them though an internal reward system. The machine is forced to explore the environment in response to externally applied negative (pain) signals that it must minimize. In doing so, it discovers relationships between objects observed through its sensory inputs and actions it performs on the observed objects. Observed concepts are not predefined but are emerging as a result of successful operations. For the optimum development of concepts and related skills, the machine operates in the protective environment that gradually increases its complexity. Simulation illustrates the advantage of this gradual increase in environment complexity for machine development. Comparison to reinforcement learning indicates weakness of the later method in learning proper behavior, even in such protective environments with gradually increasing complexity. The method shows how mental development stimulates learning of new concepts and at the same time benefits from this learning. Thus the method addresses a well know problem of merging connectionist (bottom-up) and symbolic (top down) approaches for intelligent autonomous machine operation in developmental robotics. RTIFICIAL neural networks were used in many learning and classification tasks and can produce a robust, performance to recognize objects or sequences of sensory input data useful for building concepts as well as semantic and episodic memories. It is obvious that neural structures in the brain perform all advanced level processing of information including concept building, learning new skills, developing motivations to act, setting objectives, planning and thinking. They respond to external stimuli to the same extent as to their internal motivating signals. Yet, these capabilities are currently out of reach of artificial neural networks. There is a Manuscript received March I, 20 I O.

У статті представлено авторську програму виховання моральної самосвідомості підлітків із затримкою психічного розвитку (ЗПР) в умовах закладу загальної середньої освіти з інклюзивним навчанням. Метою наукової публікації є практична розробка заявленої програми з детальним описом її змісту, цілей, принципів та очікуваних результатів. До наукової новизни ми відносимо завдання програми, які диференційовані відповідно до сфери формування особистісної, соціальної та сімейної культури учнів із ЗПР. Кожна із цих сфер реалізує має забезпечити відповідний розвиток та виховання в учнів складових моральної самосвідомості. Під час створення програми враховувалися потенційні можливості дітей, їхні особливості психічного розвитку, конкретні можливості закладу освіти, матеріально-технічне та методичне забезпечення закладу освіти, специфіка соціального оточення (мікрорайону), запити держави, суспільства. Програма орієнтована на інтеграцію всіх форм діяльності учасників освітнього процесу. Також програмою передбачені основні напрямки діяльності щодо виховання моральної самосвідомості підлітків. Основними принципами виховання моральної самосвідомості підлітків є: орієнтації на ідеал, аксіологічний, дотримання морального прикладу, діалогічного спілкування, ідентифікації, полісуб'єктивності виховання та соціалізації, спільного вирішення проблем та системно-діяльної організації виховання. Зміст програми розвитку та виховання моральної самосвідомості підлітків із затримкою психічного розвитку вибудовується в системі соціальних та педагогічних понять. Реалізація програми сприятиме формуванню в підлітків базових національних цінностей українського суспільства: патріотизму, соціальної солідарності, громадянськості, цінностей сім'ї, здоров'я, любові до праці та творчості, науки, мистецтва, природи, людства загалом тощо. Водночас, вона забезпечить реалізацію потреб батьків та учнів із ЗПР через участь у діяльності творчих об'єднань; волонтерській діяльності; в екологічній освіті; участь у дитячо-юнацьких організаціях, шкільних та позашкільних організаціях, учнівському самоврядуванні.

The accessory mental foramen is an uncommon phenomenon with anatomical significance. Additional foramina pattern is a rare occurrence in which only one of the foramen is regarded as the mental foramen and the others as accessory mental foramen (AMF). The emerging patterns of the mental nerve have previously been observed. This case report describes an auxiliary mental foramen that was discovered in a face trauma patient with a mandibular right parasymphysis fracture.

Introduction: School aged called as intelectual time in industrial development stage. Industrial development stage is important in human development stages. The purpose of this tudy was to know the effect of school aged therapeutic group therapy to mental development.Methods: The design was quasi experimental pre-post test with control group. One hundred and sixteen children at 9–11 years old were used as sample of this study that divided to 38 children on first intervention group (childparents), 36 children on second intervention group (child-teacher) and 40 children on control group.Results: Result of the study showed that cognitive, psychomotor and industrial development ability had increased significantly after therapeutic group therapy was given (p-value &lt; 0.005) in intervention group.Conclusion: The study was recomended in child-parents and child-teacher to increase mental development in school aged children.

as soon as possible after acceptance. Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). Please note that during production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content.

Kesehatan mental merupakan suatu kondisi perkembangan fisik, intelektual dan emosional yang optimal dan selaras serta memperhatikan semua segi-segi dalam kehidupan manusia. Oleh karena itu, anak yang sehat secara mental adalah anak yang mampu menghadapi permasalahan-permasalahan dalam hidupnya. Pola pengasuhan sangat mempengaruhi aspek tumbuh kembang anak terutama hubungan kelekatan antara orang tua dan anak. Kegiatan sosialisasi ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesehatan mental dengan membangun hubungan kelekatan antara orang tua dan anak. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di Desa Sementul, Kecamatan Rantaubayur, Musi Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan. Peserta yang mengikuti kegiatan ini adalah siswa Paud, Sekolah Dasar, dan Sekolah Menengah Pertama dengan ibu mereka. Berdasarkan hasil observasi selama kegiatan permainan berlangsung, tampak bahwa masyarakat masih memerlukan edukasi mengenai kelekatan antara orang tua dan anak, sehingga butuh upaya dari berbagai pihak terutama para profesional se...

The role of first language in comprehensive development of the students belonging to the age group of 11 to 16, i.e. the secondary level, has been insisted time and again by the educationists and scholars-thinkers. The present paper attempts to make a study of the applicability of selected short stories of Rabindranath Tagore, namely, 'Megh O Roudra', 'Post master', 'Chhuti' for inclusion in the secondary level language syllabus in the schools of West Bengal. The study considers many aspects of development, namely, language, imagination ability, creativity and intelligent, thinking ability, ethics etc. The study involves both the qualitative methods of research. The qualitative method has been applied through content analysis while selecting the short stories of Tagore. The findings were positive and hinted at an integrative development of the students of the children-adolescence.

as soon as possible after acceptance. Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). Please note that during production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content.

Modern epoch poses its own demands for special education, because provision of special education needs into inclusive environment is one of the prior courses of education policy in Latvia. The author of the research reveals discrepancy between politically stated progress and school practice in Latvia. Topicality of the research fortifies the necessity to advance pedagogical integrity of pupils with moderate and severe retardation of mental development (RMD). Research includes: analysis of education potential provision in legislation, investigation of theory regarding retardation of mental development, analysis of pedagogic process at special primary boarding school, model of the development of practical activity experience for pupils with moderate and severe RMD at special primary boarding school. As a result of theory analysis-model of the development of practical activity experience for pupils with moderate and severe RMD has been established. Empiric investigation of the development of practical activity experience for pupils with moderate and severe RMD has been done, using the form of quantitative methods investigation in order to examine effectiveness of the established model of the development of practical activity experience.

Clinical Psychology of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Brescia developed Perinatal Clinical Psychology researches (Imbasciati, Dabrassi, Cena, 2007) and clinical interventions. Perinatal Clinical Psychology refers to some different theoretical concepts of psychoanalytic and psychological sciences: Perinatal Clinical Psychology takes care of perinatal psychology, infant psychic development, primary parent-child relationship and deals about the problems related to the generativity and parenting projects of the woman and the couple during prenatal and neonatal period. Its aims are promoting protective factors and preventing risk elements for the child's development and for parents raising as support to the primary relationships. Perinatal clinical Psychology studies the intrapsychic, interpersonal and trans-generational mental processes. In this report we present a short synthesis of the origin and development of the main concepts that are used in our perinatal researches and in the Clinical Psychology interventions.

In children under 5, a hemoglobin (Hb) cutoff of 11 g/dL is recommended by the World Health Organization to define anemia, yet few studies have examined whether this cut point accurately coincides with negative functional consequences. This systematic review and meta-analysis of iron intervention and observational studies aimed to clarify the consequences of low Hb concentration in children under age 5 years on growth, development, and chronic disease (functional outcomes) across the full range of Hb values. A literature search returned 5049 studies; of these, 56 intervention and 20 observational studies fit the inclusion criteria. Among iron supplementation trials, a metaregression indicated significant associations between intervention effects on Hb and their effects on motor and mental development. For each 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in Hb, motor scores increased by 0.28 SD and mental scores increased by 0.24 SD. Iron supplementation trials among children with lower Hb concentrations at baseline showed stronger associations between their effects on Hb and their effects on mental development (P-interaction = 0.008). Heterogeneity among observational studies precluded calculation of pooled associations between Hb and functional outcomes. Available evidence was not able to establish an inflection point at which decreasing Hb begins to be associated with negative functional outcomes. Future research is needed to examine associations of Hb with growth and development in populations with varying levels of Hb, inflammation, and in different ages and settings.

In children under 5, a hemoglobin (Hb) cutoff of 11 g/dL is recommended by the World Health Organization to define anemia, yet few studies have examined whether this cut point accurately coincides with negative functional consequences. This systematic review and meta‐analysis of iron intervention and observational studies aimed to clarify the consequences of low Hb concentration in children under age 5 years on growth, development, and chronic disease (functional outcomes) across the full range of Hb values. A literature search returned 5049 studies; of these, 56 intervention and 20 observational studies fit the inclusion criteria. Among iron supplementation trials, a metaregression indicated significant associations between intervention effects on Hb and their effects on motor and mental development. For each 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in Hb, motor scores increased by 0.28 SD and mental scores increased by 0.24 SD. Iron supplementation trials among children with lower Hb co...

Background: Growth and development on preschooler is the basic step that influenced the next development on their life thus it was called golden period. Preschooler’s psychosocial development related on their mental process. One of the factor that influenced mental-emotional development is the lacked of parenatal affection or warmth and care to the children.Objectives: This study aimed to describe and examine the correlation between parenting patterns and mental-emotional development at Taman Kanak-kanak Dharma Wanita Godean, Nganjuk District.Method: Correlation method with case control approched was utilized on this research and implemented on March 27th of 2018 throughout March 29th of 2018 at Taman Kanak-kanak Dharma Wanita Godean Kabupaten Nganjuk. All preschoolers parents as many as 47 couple (94 people) at this Taman Kanak-kanak Dharma Wanita Godean Kabupaten Nganjuk was defined as the population sampling. This research utilized purposive sampling thus as many as 40 parents ma...

In this paper, we seek to register the impact of mental maps and graphic organizers in the construction of knowledge. Research conducted with 140 university students from the second year of the Education Degree, majoring in Elementary Education. We chose the qualitative research model, applying a self-reflective questionnaire to the students. For data processing, we used the program Atlas.ti. In conclusion, we put forward that the mental map, apart from contributing to the overall development of the person, connects to the multisensory approach and works as a "graphic organizer" for the construction of thought.

Neonatal intensive care unit survivors (N = 494) from 10 tertiary care centers were evaluated over the first 4 to 5 years of life to determine the relative contributions of birth weight and sociodemographic factors to mental development. Six sociodemographic factors were studied: sex, race, family income, and mother's marital status, age, and educational level; the last five factors also are known to be associated with premature birth. Mental development was measured with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (12 to 24 months) and the Stanford Binet Intelligence Test (4 to 5 years). Each factor's influence was assessed by multivariate analysis. Birth weight had limited long-term implications; at 4 to 5 years, only infants with birth weights <1000 gm had significantly lower scores than those in other birth weight categories. Sociodemographic variables had a greater impact on mental development, with age-dependent differences found between nonwhite and white children and between children with mothers of low, medium, and high educational levels.

The Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) study is an ongoing prospective cohort study that recruits pregnant women early in pregnancy and, as of 2012, is following up their infants to 3 years of age. It has currently enrolled approximately 5000 Canadians (2000 pregnant women, their offspring and many of their partners). The primary aims of the APrON study were to determine the relationships between maternal nutrient intake and status, before, during and after gestation, and (1) maternal mood; (2) birth and obstetric outcomes; and (3) infant neurodevelopment. We have collected comprehensive maternal nutrition, anthropometric, biological and mental health data at multiple points in the pregnancy and the post‐partum period, as well as obstetrical, birth, health and neurodevelopmental outcomes of these pregnancies. The study continues to follow the infants through to 36 months of age. The current report describes the study design and methods, and findings of some pilot work....

AimSub‐Saharan Africa bears a disproportionate amount of global diseases related to neurodevelopmental delays in infancy, including malnutrition, malaria and HIV. Evaluating interventions to prevent such delays requires developmental assessment tools appropriate for Sub‐Saharan Africa. This study aimed to develop and evaluate such a tool.MethodsThe Developmental Milestones Checklist (DMC) was developed in Kenya to provide motor, language and personal‐social scores for children aged from 3 to 24 months. We developed an extended version (DMC‐II) in Burkina Faso, West Africa, and then evaluated the reliability and sensitivity of the scores to age and nutritional and environmental measures.ResultsThe internal, interinterviewer and test–retest reliability of the DMC‐II scores were &gt;0.7. In 214 children aged 11.6–25.4 months, each score correlated with age (rs &gt; 0.7). In 1123 children aged 16.8–19.9 months, the scores were sensitive to stunting, wasting and underweight (effect sizes...

Steunpunt beleidsrelevant onderzoek problemen op het psychosociaal functioneren van jongeren. Dit kan aan onderwijzend personeel en leerlingenbegeleiders nieuwe kennis bieden om eventuele problemen tijdig te detecteren, aan te pakken en binnen een ruimer kader van verhoogde opvoedingsstress te bekijken of door te verwijzen.

Childcare in infancy has been proven to significantly reduce the incidence of mental disorders in childhood. Nursery educators must therefore be prepared to keep up with the psychic development of children under their care. The IRDI (Clinical Risk Indicators for Child Development) is a psychoanalytically-based instrument able to point out developmental problems in children from 0-18 months. This paper intends to present the initial results of a research project aimed at evaluating the IRDI methodology as a tool to promote mental health in the early stages of child development. The 31 IRDI risk indicators served as a guide for educators when following the psychic development of children under the supervision of psychoanalysts. The results of the first phase of the study showed that there was a change in the teachers' perception of childcare.

Nurseries are a reality in the lives of present-day babies and modern families must count on them. In Brazil, nurseries are nowadays called Centers for Childhood Education so as to emphasize their role in education. Even though it is necessary to consider childhood education as a valuable tool in psychic or mental health development, efforts in training professionals involved with child care have been few and far between. Psychic development is taken as a dimension in the child's development responsible for the establishment of the subjectivity, as it is conceived by psychoanalysis. Subjectivity supports affective relationships and desires directed at others. It is already known that attention to this dimension in development can significantly reduce the incidence of mental disorders both in childhood and adult life. This study aims to validate a methodology to train teachers and monitor the psychic development of nursery children aged zero to eighteen months. The methodology was applied by psychologists and was based on the IRDI instrument, which is composed by clinical indicators that monitor risks to child development. The indicators were adapted to the nursery environment. Early results indicate that the IRDI Methodology is effective in monitoring and promoting mental health in early childhood.

Intrathyroidal iodine metabolism in preterm infants and risk of hypothyroidism. In order to elucidate the mechanism responsible for the high frequency of transient hypothyroidism observed in premature infants in Belgium, we conducted morphological and biochemical studies of thyroid glands collected inmediately after death in 14 p r e mature infants (gestational ages 25-35 weeks) who died less than 12 days after birth and compared the results with those obtained in normal adults and in adults with iodine poor non-toxic colloid goiter. The thyroid glands of the prematures exhibited morphological characteristics of hyperstimulation and their serum levels of TSH at the time of death were markedly elevated (27.1+4.5(SEM) uU/ml). In the prematures and in the adults with colloid goiter as compared to normal adults, the concentrations of intrathyroidal iodine. MIT, DIT, and Tq were markedly reduced. In the glands of prematures, the MIT/DIT and T3/T4 ratios were normal but, as compared to adults with colloid goiter, the concentrations of thyroglobulin and the fraction of organified iodine were markedly reduced. These two factors result in an unsufficient utilization of the available iodine, which partly accounts for the very low iodine content of the thyroids observed in the Belgian prematures (20 to 100 ug v. 10.000 to 20.000 in normal adults). In our country this reduction of the thyroidal pool of iodine could be aggravated by the low dietary supply of iodine and play a decisive role in the development of transient hypothyroidism in prematures.