Literary Analysis

This article is based on the investigation of two different stories. It examines Antoine de Saint-Exupery’s ‘The Little Prince’ and Uzbek writer Nuriddin Egamov’s ‘Please draw me a little lamb…’ or else, the 880 001st letter to the Little Prince through intertextual frames. It is aimed to identify common analogies between two dissimilar works. The topical type of intertextual frames is selected for the inspection and a single universal frame is created. On the basis of that, two above mentioned works are classified separately. Next, their similar and distinctive features are identified. Then, by utilizing their same conditions, the intertextual frame is made.I ntertextual frame analysis refers to the unique and unusual representative as it is formed on account of two contrasting literary works and to topical type of intertextual frames. Furthermore, it should be noted that intertextual frames are underexplored areas. They need further researches. Hence, the analysis of French and Uzbek works in this field is essential. The purpose of choosing these works for research is that the Uzbek story alludes to the French novella. Therefore, ‘Please draw me a little lamb…’o r else, the 880 001st letter to the Little Prince’ is a good sample for intertextuality. Likewise, a number of intertextual markers can be met in it. In addition, comparative- analytical methods are effectively utilized in the study of these works. Despite the fact that the two works are written in two non-identical languages and in two various genres, they have significant common similarities. These general resemblances are represented by frame. The illustrated intertextual frame sample can be marked as one of the good works. Consequently, this scrutiny will serve as foundation for other alike analysis in the future. Besides, such scanning provides a reader with a deeper understanding of the literary work. Meanwhile, it assists to reveal implicit themes in the work.

A jam unë derdime, që kam ngecur, apo janë klasikët që fjalët i shohin si gurë, e jo si ujë që merr formën e enës ku hyn? Se fjala "derdimen" më tingëllon krejt shqip. Mund të thuhet se vjen nga turqishtja, por ajo që shqiptari ka ruajtur prej saj, nuk është veç zë -është kuptim, përvojë, ndjesi. Fjalë që e ka marrë gjuhën në dorë dhe e ka shqipëruar me mendje. Po ta ndash në thelb: Der -di -men. Der -është dera. Jo thjesht hyrje a dalje fizike. Një hapësirë e ngushtë, me dërrasa, që hapet e mbyllet me dorë. Dera e mendjes që shpesh s'e ndryshon dot pozicionin sepse është bërë zakon, jo vendim. Di -është ajo që njeriu mendon se di. Një e kaluar që nuk e ka pyetur kurrë të tashmen, por që vazhdon të përsëritet si e vetmja mënyrë. Një dije që s'lejon të tjera dritare të hapen. Men -është mendja vetë, por jo mendje që udhëton, pyet e kërkon, por mendje që qarkullon brenda gardhit të vet. Një rreth i mbyllur, një rrugë që gjithmonë të çon në të njëjtin vend, pavarësisht se koha ecën. Njeriu që nuk ka hall -por është vetë halli. Ai nuk kërkon zgjidhje, sepse nuk sheh problem. Vepron njësoj si dje, sepse "ashtu di, ashtu e bën". Ai nuk ngec në baltë -ai ndërton shtëpi mbi baltë dhe e quan jetë. Dhe kur i thua: "Ka mjete të reja, ka rrugë të tjera", të përgjigjet me qetësinë e verbërisë: "Unë kështu e kam bërë gjithmonë." Prandaj, shqiptari me urti thotë: "Lëre në hallin e vet." Sepse hallin nuk e ka për ta kaluar, por për ta trashëguar. Ai është halli që nuk do të shpëtojë nga vetja. Disa njerëz nuk kanë hall -ata janë vetë halli që nuk do të zgjidhet.

outstanding work of American Literature, which is an attractive novel with a high potential to attract students' interest. The purpose of the study is to find out most effective activities to be applied to a literature class, especially the application of technologies like the web components to facilitate the trend. The novel is actually selected as an example which could be analyzed in terms of various narration techniques including characterization, theme, plot and symbols. In this context, whether the activities including drawing a triangular comparison diagram, Venn diagram, clustering, brainstorming, games, watching documentaries and videos, technology integrated games and things as such have positive effects on the students ’ comprehending the literary devices included in the novel to examine the extent to which these technologies could be successfully developed to teach the novel. The participants in this study were B.A students of English literature at Lamerd Branch, Is...

Science and invention emerges as one of the key themes in The Sisters Brothers as Eli and Charlie get swept up in the rush of Hermit Kermit Warm’s invention. What is significant about how science is presented here?

This paper explores the nuanced role of science in Patrick de Witt’s novel The Sisters Brothers, set in the American mid-nineteenth century. While the fictional society depicted largely disregards scientific advancement in favor of traditional, improvised methods, the narrative subtly integrates scientific elements through key characters and plot devices. The essay argues that science, though marginalized in daily life, becomes a pivotal force in shaping the story’s direction and character development—particularly through figures like Herman Kermit Warm and Reginald Watts. By analyzing events such as the gold rush, dental hygiene, and makeshift surgeries, the paper highlights how de Witt uses scientific innovation to critique greed, expose moral ambiguity, and drive the novel’s central plot twist. Ultimately, the essay contends that science in The Sisters Brothers serves not only as a thematic contrast to superstition and desperation but also as a catalyst for transformation and revelation.

Este texto aborda o ensaio “A palavra na vida e a palavra na poesia: para uma poética sociológica”, de Valentin Volóchinov, que propõe uma abordagem sociológica para a análise literária, criticando visões que reduzem a obra de arte a aspectos puramente formais ou psicológicos. Volóchinov argumenta que a palavra artística não pode ser compreendida apenas por sua materialidade verbal, mas deve ser analisada a partir de seu contexto extraverbal, que inclui o horizonte espacial comum, o conhecimento compartilhado e a avaliação coletiva da situação. O autor defende que o sentido do enunciado emerge da interação entre criador, obra e contemplador, em uma relação dialógica e socialmente situada. A palavra, portanto, funciona como uma espécie de “senha” que só adquire pleno significado quando inserida em um contexto de troca e reconhecimento mútuo. Volóchinov enfatiza ainda o papel da entonação e das condições concretas da vida na construção do sentido, rejeitando tanto o formalismo quanto o psicologismo como métodos autossuficientes de análise.

This study critically examined the stylistic devices, thematic elements, and audience interpretations in Air Supply's Making Love… The Very Best of Air Supply album, employing a qualitative research design. The corpus comprised twelve (12) songs analyzed through Norman Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) framework, supplemented by I. R. Galperin's stylistic device theory and Raney's Affective Disposition Theory. Interviews with eleven (11) purposively selected Airheads provided insights into listener reception. The analysis revealed 86 stylistic devices, with metaphor and repetition emerging as the most frequent, alongside personification, simile, imagery, anaphora, hyperbole, parallelism, symbolism, and antithesis. The lyrics conveyed recurring themes of trust, the transformative power of love, the need for intimacy, the desolation of lost relationships, and the emotional impact of past relationship. Audience interpretations reflected emotional connections, including family remembrance, emotional connection, nostalgia, coping mechanisms, and increased positivity. Beyond Air Supply's repertoire, this study contributes to broader scholarship on how musical discourse integrates literary expression, thematic resonance, and affective audience engagement. The findings may inform discourse studies, cultural research, and applications of music analysis in education and media studies.

"Factual Shift To Adventures" is an engaging exploration of [insert key theme/topic—since you haven’t specified, I’ll keep it general]. The book combines factual storytelling with imaginative scenarios, inviting readers to reflect on real-world events while experiencing adventurous narratives. It is suitable for young adults and anyone interested in stories that bridge reality and imagination.

This paper explores the mechanisms of moral instruction in Henry Fielding’s „Tom Jones“ through the lens of reader-response theory. It argues that the novel’s didactic aim is fulfilled through the narrator’s dynamic engagement with the reader rather than through direct moral preaching. By addressing the reader in ironic, humorous, and often self-reflective ways, the narrator transforms moral discourse into an interactive process that invites the reader’s participation in ethical reflection and judgement. Drawing on theorists such as Wolfgang Iser, Wayne Booth, and Monika Fludernik, the analysis examines how Fielding’s narrative structure blurs the boundary between morality and entertainment, authority and equality. The study further demonstrates that the narrator’s strategies—ranging from food metaphors and direct addresses to manipulative irony—stimulate the reader’s active involvement and self-awareness. Ultimately, the paper contends that Fielding’s moral pedagogy is both instructive and paradoxical: while it aims to cultivate virtue and prudence, it simultaneously exposes the moral ambiguities inherent in narrative persuasion itself.

Në fillim të prillit të vitit 1992, hapësira e Sarajevës u nda dhun
shëm. Njësitë e Korpusit të 4-të të Distriktit të 2-të ushtarak të
Ushtrisë Popullore të Jugosllavisë (UPJ), forcat e armatosura që
kishin mbështetur dhe ishin rreshtuar pranë Partisë Demokratike
Serbe (PDS), si dhe shumë vullnetarë vendas, mercenarë dhe luf
tëtarë të huaj, morën pozicione strategjike në Sarajevë dhe përreth
saj. Armiqësitë e hapura filluan pasi Bosnja dhe Hercegovina u
njoh si shtet i pavarur ndërkombëtarisht. Më pas, Sarajeva u bllo
kua dhe u vendos nën rrethim për gati katër vjet. Pas tërheqjes së
pjesshme të Ushtrisë Popullore të Jugosllavisë nga Bosnja dhe
Hercegovina, Distrikti i 2-të ushtarak i saj u transformua në pjesë
të Ushtrisë së Republikës Serbe të Bosnjës dhe Hercegovinës
(URS RBeH), e që nga gushti i vitit 1992 mori emrin Ushtria e
Republikës Serbe (URS). Me këtë transformim, Korpusi i 4-të u
shndërrua në Korpusin e Sarajevës dhe Romanisë (KSR).
Gjatë periudhës së rrethimit katërvjeçar të Sarajevës, u zhvillua
një “fushatë e koordinuar, sistematike dhe afatgjatë e granatimeve
dhe snajperimeve” kundër banorëve të saj, me qëllim që të “vriteshin, gjymtoheshin, plagoseshin dhe terrorizoheshin popullsia
civile e Sarajevës”. Përveç sulmeve të artilerisë në qytet, që për
bënin mënyrën më të përhapur të vrasjes së banorëve, një tjetër
metodë ishin edhe sulmet me snajperë. Pa energji elektrike, ujë,
gaz dhe nevoja të tjera ekzistenciale, banorët luftonin çdo ditë për
mbijetesë. Nga pozicionet e pushtuara, u krye një fushatë e snaj
perimit dhe granatimeve kundër popullsisë civile të Sarajevës, e
cila nuk ishte e sigurt askund. Masakrat dhe vrasjet, plagosjet, te
rrori i vazhdueshëm dhe lëndimet psikologjike ishin pjesë e kri
meve që u kryen ndaj banorëve të Sarajevës.
Në pjesën e parë të punimit paraqitet kuptimi i fushatës së snajpe
rit, me një përshkrim të vendeve dhe zonave të qytetit nga ku kry
hej më shpesh kjo fushatë. Një element shumë i rëndësishëm
është edhe prezantimi i llojeve të armëve që përdorëshin nga snaj
perët. Pjesa e dytë e punimit trajton organizimin e trajnimit të
snajperistëve, duke përfshirë vendndodhjet ku janë zhvilluar këto
trajnimet dhe mënyrën e realizimit të tyre. Përveç burimeve të
shumta parësore, jepen të dhëna për kërkesat dhe dorëzimin e ar
mëve dhe municioneve snajper Korpusit të Sarajevës dhe Romni
së të URS-së. Dokumenti përmban gjithashtu informacione mbi
identitetin e snajperistëve, si dhe mbi mercenarët dhe vullnetarët e
paguar nga vende të tjera.
Në shembujt e viktimave të fushatës së snajperit, kryesisht në ras
tet e vrasjes së fëmijëve, bëhet e qartë se qëllimi i armikut ka qenë
vrasja e civilëve me dashje, drejtpërdrejt dhe qëllimisht. Në këtë
pjesë, viktimat e mitura të fushatës së snajperit paraqiten sipas
rendit kronologjik. Pjesa e fundit e punimit i kushtohet ndjekjes
penale ose mosndjekjes penale të atyre që janë përgjegjës për këto
krime para gjykatave vendore dhe ndërkombëtare.

Oвој труд има за цел да ја истакне важноста на имињата од странско потекло во книжевните текстови преку лингвистичка и културолошка анализа на истите елементи во преводи од македонската книжевност на италијански јазик. Анализата е извршена врз три прозни дела: расказот „Антологичарот“ од Драги Михајловски, романот „Тесно море“ од Борис Вишински и романот „Ѕиркачот“ од Александар Прокопиев и соодветните издадени преводи на италијански јазик и се однесува на употребата на антропонимите Ричард и Вилијам и нивното конотативно значење. Истовремено, текстот нуди и критички осврт кон преведувачките решенија и упатува на можните последици

Bu çalışma, 2015 yılı Azerbaycan edebiyatının genel çerçevesini belirleyebilmek amacıyla, yıl boyunca yayımlanmış Azerbaycan dergisinin 12 sayısını esas alarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Azerbaycan dergisi, çağdaş Azerbaycan edebî kamusunun en önemli süreli yayınlarından biri olup şairlerin, yazarların ve edebî eğilimlerin ortaya çıktığı bir mecra olması itibarıyla dönemin ruhunu yansıtma konusunda temel bir kaynak işlevi görmektedir. Dergiler, edebî eserlerin “sıcağı sıcağına” yayımlanmasına imkân tanıdığından dolayı hem dönemin toplumsal-siyasal atmosferini hem de estetik yönelimlerini belgeleyen birincil kaynaklardır. Bu yönüyle, açıklamalı bibliyografya niteliğindeki bu çalışma, yalnızca eserlerin listelenmesini değil, onların içeriksel ve bağlamsal değerlendirmesini de hedeflemiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, 2015 yılına ait edebî üretimi tür, kişi ve konu temelli olarak sınıflandırmak; bu üretimlerin doküman analizini ve edebî tenkit çerçevesinde yorumunu sunarak döneme ilişkin bütüncül bir değerlendirme ortaya koymaktır. Bu doğrultuda nitel(eleştirel analiz, içerik çözümlemesi ve doküman analizi) analiz yöntemlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Öncelikle Azerbaycan Millî Kütüphanesi’nin yayımladığı veriler aracılığıyla eser-yazar-tür haritası çıkarılmış; ardından Azerbaycan Millî Bilimler Akademisi’nin Edebî Proses (Edebî Süreç) – 2015 adlı yıllık yayını temel alınarak dönemin eleştirel bakış açıları değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, dergide en yoğun biçimde şiir türünün temsil edildiğini göstermektedir.691 şiirin büyük bir kısmı lirik temalı ve serbest nazım biçimindedir. Bunun yanı sıra hikâye, deneme, tenkit ve tercüme eserlerin de anlamlı yoğunlukta olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kadın yazarların temsili oranı erkek yazarlara göre daha düşüktür. Eserlerde dinî içerikli temalara neredeyse hiç yer verilmemesi, edebiyatın devlet politikaları çerçevesinde biçimlendiğini düşündürmektedir. Tüm bu veriler ışığında, 2015 yılı Azerbaycan edebiyatının bir dönüşüm ve arayış dönemi olduğu, biçimsel ve tematik çeşitlenmenin yanında kurumsal yönlendirmelerin de etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Bu bağlamda hazırlanan açıklamalı bibliyografya, yalnızca 2015 yılının edebiyat panoramasını sunmakla kalmayıp aynı zamanda dönem edebiyatına yönelik yapılacak gelecekteki akademik çalışmalar için kaynak niteliği taşımaktadır.

If you seek action, adventure, and romance in space, it is hard to top the John Carter books of Edgar Rice Burroughs. The first three books of the series-A Princess of Mars (1917), The Gods of Mars (1918), and The Warlord of Mars (1919)-are widely seen as the best entries and provide a rich world of characters, settings, and themes to explore. An unexpected-but fruitfulconversation partner for such a journey to Mars can be found in Ludwig von Mises. His 1957 book Theory and History: An Interpretation of Social and Economic Evolution is of particular interest to our understanding of John Carter's Mars because of his reflections on the development of civilization through mutually beneficial social cooperation and the nature of social progress and decline.

After reviewing current historic-critical research on Revelation’s genre and Revelation 2–3, this study provides a culturally sensitive reading of Revelation 1–3 by using social-scientific models. These models include models on alternate states of consciousness, honour and shame, limited goods, personhood, and religion in the ancient world.

Using insights from neurological and cross-cultural anthropological studies on alternate states of consciousness, Revelation is read as an authentic revelatory report of a first-century Jesus group prophet. The implications of such a reading for Revelation’s genre and John’s social position in the seven Jesus groups of Asia Minor are highlighted and how this provides a culturally sensitive understating of Revelation.

The study also incorporates models from cultural anthropology in Mediterranean societies, offering a practical toolset for current readers of Revelation. These models enable readers to discern implicit norms, values, and institutions in the text, which were clear and significant to the first readers and hearers. The central values of honour and shame which permeated the institutions of limited goods, personhood, and religious life, provide a richer and probably more meaningful understanding of the reality of the ancient readers and hearers of Revelation.

Through this culturally sensitive reading, Revelation 1–3 emerges not as a cryptic jumble of symbols and images but as a meaningful language configuration designed to communicate clearly with seven Jesus groups in Asia Minor. This communication intended to provide an alternative interpretation of the seven Jesus groups’ reality and encourage them to act following this alternative view.

The aim of this research is to analyze Judges 19 from a rhetorical perspective, applying the technique of chiastic-topographical structure. The analysis further contends that the toponyms serve a literary-theological function by foreshadowing the monarchy's dilemma. They reveal a positive attitude towards Bethlehem of David and a negative one towards Gibeah of Saul. After employing the literary technique of chiastic-topographical structure, five units emerged: A. vv. 1–2 | Mount of Ephraim; B. vv. 3–10a | Bethlehem of Judah; C. vv. 10b–13 | Jabes; B’. vv. 14–28 | Gibeah; and A’. vv. 29–30 | Mount of Ephraim. The study suggests that the narrator intentionally avoids naming characters, instead emphasizing locations like Mount Ephraim, Bethlehem of Judah, and Gibeah, with a central focus on Jabes-Jerusalem. This arrangement serves to highlight a pro-David and anti-Saul monarchy sentiment.

no hay acuerdo acerca del problema estructural del libro. Las teorías se dividen en aquellas que abogan por un carácter fragmentario contra otras que ven un carácter unitario de los poemas. El estudio intenta revisar esta problemática y proponer que el Cantar de los Cantares es una colección de poemas sueltos que un redactor/recopilador juntó e intentó poner en cierto orden, incorporando el conjuro de 2,7; 3,5; 5,8; 8,4 como estribillo con función articuladora, de tal manera que el conjuro quedó puesto como hito divisorio entre grandes bloques poéticos que se relacionan entre sí por un tema común u otro recurso de mano redaccional, configurando así un ordenamiento estructural de todo el libro.

Resumo
Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar o papel teológico de Salomão no livro de Reis como “amado do Senhor” (Jedidias), rei da paz e edificador do templo, e relacioná-lo com a missão de Cristo no Novo Testamento. A partir da leitura de comentadores contemporâneos (Hobbs, Leithart, Provan, Dale Ralph Davis, Keil & Delitzsch, Patterson & Austel), destaca-se a tensão entre a sabedoria e a tolice de Salomão, sua eleição e fortalecimento, a centralidade do templo como símbolo de comunhão e, finalmente, o contraste com Jesus como Filho Amado, Príncipe da Paz e edificador do verdadeiro templo. Conclui-se que a teologia de Reis prepara o caminho para compreender a realeza messiânica de Cristo e a restauração escatológica da comunhão entre Deus e seu povo.
Palavras-chave: Salomão; Cristo; Templo; Paz; Reino; Teologia Bíblica.

Резюме: У статті в хронологічній послідовності розглянуто задумані, але ненаписані, а також незавершені й неопубліковані художні твори Івана Франка, здійснено їхній поетикальний аналіз, по змозі зроблено спробу реставрувати сюжет, кваліфікувати жанр, висвітлити образний світ та з'ясувати художньо-естетичну сутність. Таких «невиспіваних співів» у спадщині письменника налічується чимало, тим-то у рамках однієї статті обмежуємося певною вибірковістю. Згадки про замислені, але ненаписані твори зафіксовані в кореспонденціях і рукописних планах письменника, з яких інколи можна довідатися про причини нездійснених задумів. Ідеться, зокрема, про здогадно написані, але незбережені образок Піскарський кінь, поему Історія лівої руки, комедію Жаби, незавершені роман Гутак, ескіз [Нестор був тяжко ранений], оповідання Із записок мученика та Тріумф, белетризований нарис Ровта, ненаписані роман Андрусь Басараб, новелу Чудо в Головах та ймовірний неназваний роман із бориславського життя. Ключові слова: ненаписані, незавершені, неопубліковані художні твори.

Orwell-it (i njohur edhe si Eric Arthur Blair), shkrimtar britanik shumë i njohur dhe me ndikim të thellë në letërsinë dhe politikën moderne: Stili i tij i qartë dhe i drejtpërdrejtë ishte i qëllimshëm dhe ideologjik. Orwell besonte se gjuha e thjeshtë ishte një mjet për të zbuluar të vërtetën dhe për të luftuar manipulimin politik. Ai e zhvilloi këtë stil për të kundërshtuar gjuhën e turbullt dhe mashtruese që shpesh përdorej në propagandë dhe në retorikën politike. Në esenë e tij të famshme "Politics and the English Language" (1946), ai shpjegon se gjuha e keqpërdorur çon në mendim të paqartë dhe në manipulim publik, dhe anasjelltas: mendimi i kthjellët duhet të shprehet me gjuhë të kthjellët. Prandaj, një karakteristikë e veçantë e Orwell-it është kjo: > Ai përdori stilin e thjeshtë si një akt moral dhe politik, për t'i thënë gjërat ashtu siç janë, pa zbukurime apo manipulime. Kjo e bën veprën e tij si 1984 apo Animal Farm jo vetëm të fuqishme në përmbajtje, por edhe jashtëzakonisht të lexueshme dhe të kuptueshme nga një publik i gjerë.

In the heart of Kurdistan stands Qelata Hewlêr, the ancient citadel of Erbil, a fortress older than most cities on earth. Within its stones lie not only the memories of a people but also mysteries waiting to be uncovered. This novel follows Mardin, a young Kurdish chef, whose discovery of a manuscript titled The Secrets of Qelata Hewlêr pulls her through time. Transported into the living past, she must survive in a kingdom of loyalty, betrayal, and wararmed only with her skills, her courage, and her unshakable sense of identity. Blending history, culture, and imagination, The Secrets of Qelata Hewlêr explores Kurdish heritage through the eyes of a modern woman who finds herself at the crossroads of past and present. #TheSecretsOfQelataHewler #KurdishHeritage #HistoricalFiction #Erbil #KurdishCulture #MiddleEasternHistory #TimeTravelNovel #WomenInHistory #CulturalPreservation #LiteraryFiction #ModernKurdishStories #HeritageAndIdentity #NovelRelease2025 #MustRead #BookLovers #CulturalStories #ExploreKurdistan #HistoryMeetsFiction #KurdishAuthors #NewBookAlert

Set on the circle that the literary text, in relation to the political history, becomes informative data, means, first, wrong understanding of the structure introduced by Heidegger -being-in-the-world and Valdés used interchangeably and without any reference to the German philosopher- ; Second, means reducing the literary language to operating entity in a society of calculation and transmission of data. Even more, conceived the project of comparative literature which cover a story of American literature is fruit of a resolution process or dialectic between a first work and your transmission is not coherent in a hermeneutic project guideline since what premium on the art of interpretation is not synthesis but on the other hand the difference. On the dialectic can be written a history of poetry away from the positivist approach of science traditional history, since from a positive approach to the work of verbal art congenital metaphor to the story is fractured, and therefore the artistic language loses its spontaneity and generation capacity of amazement, and thus, as a simple part of the historical document being rebuilt from Western rationality.

Toni Morrison's novels provide a profound exploration of racism and color discrimination, offering a critical lens into the social and psychological ramifications of these systemic injustices on African American individuals and communities. Through nuanced characters and compelling narratives, Morrison captures the multifaceted impact of marginalization, internalized prejudice, and societal rejection, reflecting how these forces distort identity and perpetuate cycles of trauma. This research paper critically analyzes key works such as The Bluest Eye, Beloved, Sula, Song of Solomon, and Tar Baby, highlighting their central themes of race, identity, and resilience. Morrison portrays the dehumanizing effects of systemic racism and colorism, not only as external forces but also as internal conflicts within Black communities. Her narratives emphasize the role of memory, storytelling, and cultural reclamation as tools for healing and self-empowerment. While confronting the harsh realities of slavery, segregation, and cultural erasure, Morrison's works also celebrate the strength, creativity, and humanity of Black individuals in the face of oppression. This paper seeks to explore how Morrison's literature challenges dominant cultural narratives, advocates for empathy and justice, and underscores the transformative power of reclaiming Black identity. Through her storytelling, Morrison compels readers to confront the enduring legacies of racism and envision a more equitable future.

The essay begins with the definition of peace and the exposition of how peace is linked to leadership styles in secondary schools. Peace is seen as not only the absence of violence, but the inculcating of noble characters – honesty, drive for justice, and painstaking comportment among others the author after exposition of the peace mantra went a long way to show the nexus between peace and education. Hear them: “Peace education has been globally recognized due to increasing recourse to the use of violence in responding to conflict or disagreement among individuals, groups and communities (Günçavdı, 2020; Idowu & Bamidele, 2018; Jameel & Ahmad, 2020). The United Nations (2013) affirmed that peace building is a complex and long process requiring the establishment of a climate of tolerance and respect for the truth”.

en dos etapas iniciales de vida. La primera se desarrolla entre 1944 y 1946, en coincidencia con el final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y la primera posguerra; la segunda, tras un paréntesis de diez años, entre 1956 y 1957. Como referente comparativo, se aludirá también a la presencia en la publicación de otras literaturas europeas. Resumo: Este artigo procura amosar a repercusión da poesía e da narrativa francesa na revista La Estafeta literaria, nas suas duas etapas iniciais. Aludirase tambén como marco da comparativa á presenza da publicación doutras literaturas europeas.

I explore Hurston's storytelling as she sought to witness the catastrophe of interrelated racism, patriarchy, and environmental destruction, as well as the resilience and strength of Black women. Even as her Black ecofeminist storytelling reveals the multidimensions of the catastrophic, it also offers imaginative resources for joy, resistance, and even hope, seeking to cultivate such capacities as attention, care, reciprocity, and transformative justice between humans and between humans and the more-than-human. I pursue these aims by (1) identifying the ways and manners (the form, content, and context) of Hurston's storytelling, showing how it belongs to and contributes to Black ecofeminism; (2) highlighting the crucial role that religion, broadly construed, plays in her Black ecofeminism; and (3) detailing the various ways that Hurston's storytelling expresses what Kimberly Ruffin has called the "ecological burdenand-beauty paradox. " I begin with a brief biography of Hurston, noting various traditions that informed her life and work, and I offer a broad account of her lyrical storytelling. I then turn to her novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, focusing on her contributions to Black ecofeminism by highlighting her critiques of patriarchy, anti-Black racism, and exploitive approaches to the more-thanhuman. My treatment of Their Eyes Were Watching God gives special attention to the role of the pear tree and the hurricane-as these powerful more-thanhuman entities illuminate Hurston's Black ecofeminism, particularly her complex religious views-and to their relation to the contrasting themes of beauty and hope on the one hand and catastrophe and despair on the other.

Resumen El presente artículo estudia la función teratológica que adquieren ciertos personajes, motivos o acciones en los relatos de Flannery O'Connor. Los elementos grotescos tienen el efecto traumático de un golpe dado con violencia que conduce a un acto de visión, transformación o revelación y que provoca una serie de desplazamientos (dislocaciones, duplicaciones y transgresiones) y sustituciones (transferencias, deslizamientos e inversiones). A la luz de estos mecanismos, y ahondando en el misterio que introducen lo extraño y lo monstruoso, este trabajo propone una relación entre los relatos de la escritora y las narraciones de Heinrich von Kleist.

This paper is an attempt to critically analyze the figures  of speech employed in Mark Twain's (1835-1910) story entitled "Buying Gloves in Gibraltar ". The paper aims to find out the types of figurative devices employed in this story, their functions, and the ideologies intended to be conveyed via these devices. The study hypothesizes a frequent use of these devices in the target story, and the influence of power relations among characters upon the use of these devices. To achieve and verify aims of the study, two types of procedures have been followed: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part consists of presenting a brief theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis and figurative language. On the other hand, the practical part consists of surveying the 
figurative devices in the story to find out their frequency and analyze their uses in the light of an eclectic model based on (1) Leech’s (2013) classification of figurative devices into metaphor, irony, simile, personification, hyperbole, oxymoron, metonymy, and (2) Fairlough's (1989) model which consists of three stages: description, interpretation, and explanation. The analysis of results has shown the frequent use of figurative devices in the story under study, and the influence of power relations among characters upon the use of these devices.

A un lustro de su partida, la obra literaria de Eduardo Galeano nos motiva a revisar su mensaje humanista fundamentado, insistentemente, en la crítica social. De manera poética, el autor enuncia tesis filosóficas sobre el devenir histórico de los pueblos originarios y mestizos de América Latina. La indignación y la esperanza resultan sentimientos vitales que se unifican al denunciar los actos injustos que propician desigualdades. La globalización capitalista que no valora la vida comunitaria y vulnera la dignidad humana. En este trabajo se pone énfasis en la cotidianidad mediante la recuperación y análisis de citas del autor pertenecientes a El libro de los abrazos, Mujeres y Espejos.

This paper presents a formal analysis of a complex numerical puzzle found to be embedded within historical texts, linguistic systems, and chronological data. By employing a consistent methodology rooted in several ancient alphanumeric ciphers, this study reveals a coherent and self-validating system where disparate data points converge on a small set of key numerical pairs. The analysis demonstrates a high degree of precision and intentionality, suggesting a framework of information that transcends time, language, and cultural boundaries. The findings challenge conventional understandings of symbolic communication and point toward a unified, underlying architecture.

Dramaturgia Jasmina Reza është ngjitur në skenën shqipfolëse me pjesët "Art" dhe "Zoti i masakrës", kjo e fundit e njohur edhe prej një publiku që shkon përtej sallës së teatrit, për shkak të përshtatjes filmike të vitit 2011, realizuar nga Roman Polanski me titullin "Masakra". Në përgjithësi, vepra e Rezës karakterizohet nga problematika të kohës, nga vështirësi të marrëdhënieve personale, nga paradokset e të qenit njeri, tema këto që autorja i trajton me muzikalitet, stil të hollë lakonik, shpesh edhe lirik. 1 Ne kemi vendosur të sjellim si vepër të parë të botuar të saj "Jetuar tri herë", që në origjinal titullohet "Trois versions de la vie" (ad litteram: "Tri versione

Terim: Her bilim dalına özgü anlamlar içeren sözcük. Ör/"Nokta, doğru, çember" Tanımlama: Bir terimi önceden bilinen terimler yardımıyla ifade etme. Ör/ "Nokta; örnekler vererek veya sezgilerimizle kavraya bileceğimiz bir terimdir. Çember; düzlemde noktaya eşit uzaklıktaki noktalar kümesi olarak düzlem, uzaklık ve nokta gibi başka terimler yardımıyla tanımlanabilen bir terimdir." Aksiyom: Doğruluğu açık ve seçik olarak belirli olan bu nedenle ispatına gerek duyulmayan önermelere denir. Teorem: Doğruluğu ispatlanabilen önermelere denir. Hipotez: varsayım. Hüküm: yargı. TEOREM ‫""ﬦ(‬ ifadesinin tanımı)

Indigenous Yorùbápoetry is often defined by such features as context, structure, tonal quality and the performer's identity. Early taxonomy of the poetry focused on the poetics that could be deduced from a long tradition of practice. Recent scholarship in literary and cultural studies has been more interested in showing the ways in which the poetry is being inflected by encounters with postcolonial modernity. While these recent contributions demonstrate how new forms, such as ewì, distil expressive nuances from the older forms and invent new performative practices to address new publics, such studies encourage a generalization that credits to the new forms all the modern advances recorded in the indigenous forms themselves. Looking at specific indigenous forms in terms of how postcolonial modernity has reshaped them, rather than considering them another set of additions to a new generic category, allows us a clearer view of their transition. I track the inventions and changes in the practice of two Yorùbáforms, ìjáláand Ifáchants, using the performances of A ̀labí Ògúndépò and Yẹ mí Ẹlẹ́ buìbọ n. I rely on ethnographic data to show how mutating audiences and electronic storage and retrieval systems have continually shaped composition and performance, discuss the imperatives of modernity and economy in the performative choices of the artists, and show how the performers simultaneously manage their resistance to and adoption of the modern.

The Sodom and Gomorrah story contains more than meets the eye. Embedded in the text are closure of two chiastic structures from earlier stories regarding dysfunctional reproduction and cursing. These sets of contrasting parallels provide interesting, and likely the most sexual set of chiastic structures in the scriptures where a variety of proposed sexual encounters seems to be one of the goals of the author. Incest, prostitution, impotence, rape, menopause, frigidity, voyeurism, dismemberment, and sex with angels-are all part of an elaborate set of parallels used to denigrate Israel's enemies while lifting up the nation of Israel. The stories allowed the Hebrews to view neighboring nations as "cursed" and un-chosen, justifying later tales of ill treatment of these people. Similar traditions continue today based on these stories with blacks & homosexuals being defined as cursed, and unworthy of equal treatment. Reading the story of Sodom and Gomorrah in the context of the larger parallels deepens understanding, and provides insight into the author's intent. This understanding raises questions about literal interpretation and the story's later use as an anti-homosexual text.

The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed nearly every aspect of human society, from communication to commerce, education, and global collaboration. In this rapidly evolving landscape, English remains the world's most influential lingua franca. This paper explores the multifaceted relevance of English in the age of AI, examining its continued importance in technological innovation, digital communication, global workforce development, and education. It critically analyses how English proficiency confers advantages in accessing AI-driven opportunities, reviews the impact of AI on English language acquisition, and addresses whether artificial intelligence will diminish or amplify the significance of English in the coming decades.

El presente estudio es un análisis de la representación del golpe de estado que sufrió Argentina entre los años 1976 y 1983 en “La hostería” (2016) y “Los himnos de las hienas”, (2024) de la escritora Mariana Enríquez. Primero, contextualiza su literatura dentro de lo que se denominó “nueva narrativa argentina” (NNA), que abarca los escritores hijos de desaparecidos. En segundo lugar, presenta a Enríquez y expone algunas de sus otras obras que también trataron el tema de la dictadura. Luego se posiciona en el género de terror y en el terror argentino, para entender cómo son posibles estos relatos y cómo se pueden basar en la realidad. Por último, se trata el concepto de literatura comparada y de trauma para exponer los vínculos entre los recursos literarios de los cuentos y el concepto psicológico. De esta forma, se elabora la hipótesis que sustenta el trabajo. Entonces, se explica la trama de los cuentos, se realiza el análisis y, en las conclusiones, se hace una síntesis de los elementos expuestos para esclarecer las ideas planteadas que demuestran la hipótesis de que estas creaciones literarias representan el momento histórico como un trauma.

This paper explores the role of conflict as a driving force in romantic comedy, comparing Oscar Wilde's Lady Windermere's Fan with Nora Ephron's You've Got Mail. Through close reading and analysis, it examines how romantic comedy uses misunderstanding, deception, and moral testing to both delay and deepen romantic union. The essay engages with classical theories of drama and modern cinematic storytelling to show that in this genre, love is not the absence of conflict, but its transformation into mutual understanding. Pre-Course Assignment Title: In what ways is conflict an essential precondition of romantic comedy? Clash in romantic comedy is not just a decorative element-it is the backbone of the genre. One could argue that this is rooted in Aristotle's rules of drama, which emphasize the necessity of tension between leading

In this critique, we will take a look at the live-action Netflix series Alice in Borderland, originally a manga created by Haro Aso, as directed by Shinsuke Sato. Using a psychological approach, we explore the characters' internal struggles and trauma while encouraging survival instincts among the players, especially Arisu, as they go through life-or-death games. In further detail, we described the thematic significance of the work, storytelling, and creators' effective use of visual medium to evoke into audience deeper levels of human emotion and moral dilemma.