Journalism

The meaning and the value of ethics, for a person, depends upon an individual’s knowledge and understanding of ethics, good, bad, objectives and possible repercussions of his/her actions. Even after awareness of ethical standard; how far one follows them, is deeper inquiry; especially in the area of applied ethics. Ethics is a term which is subjective, individualistic and circumstantial in nature; demanding a great sense of understanding of the impact of one’s action over the larger set of people.  The concerns gets deeper when the outcome of a professional practice impacts a large number of people .Journalism is one such professional area where the consequences of journalistic actions affects mass culture and society. The study of ethics, with specific reference to journalism practices has been the subject of academic inquiry since long. However ethics of investigative journalism is a difficult area to study majorly because different journalists and philosophers often have divergen...

El tema fue analizado recientemente por profesionales y académicos de universidades del continente, en un conversatorio transmitido en directo por la plataforma YouTube. En ese contexto, el académico, Héctor Farina, licenciado en comunicación y Periodismo, y titular de esa cátedra en la Universidad de Guadalajara (México), se preguntó, si el periodismo está en crisis o no está en crisis, y agregó al mismo tiempo, que viene estudiando el fenómeno desde hace 15 años. Farina, coincidió que en realidad hay una convergencia de crisis en torno al periodismo, y que tiene varios factores, entre los que mencionó la desaparición progresiva del diario en papel por los altos costos. Agregó además, que cambio el modelo de distribución tras la "desaparición" del canillita, que en su momento vendía el 80% de los diarios impresos. Reemplazado actualmente por el sistema de suscripción, dado que el diario en papel se volvió caro y dejó de ser una prioridad ante la crisis económica general. Otro de los elementos confluyentes, es la aparición de la internet, que se convirtió en un canal de distribución de contenidos noticiosos, que termina perjudicando no solo al periodista, sino también a la empresa periodística.

A edição deste livro é financiada por fundos nacionais através da FCT -Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., no âmbito do projeto PTDC/COM-JOR/28144/2017 -Para uma história do jornalismo em Portugal O conteúdo desta obra está protegido por Lei. Qualquer forma de reprodução, distribuição, comunicação, publicação ou transformação da totalidade ou de parte desta obra carece de expressa autorização do editor e dos seus autores. Os artigos, bem como a autorização de publicação das imagens, são da exclusiva responsabilidade dos autores. A presente publicação encontra-se disponível gratuitamente em: www.icnova.fcsh.unl.pt Título História do Jornalismo Radiofónico em Portugal: dos primeiros noticiários aos anos 90

Kebebasan berpendapat merupakan hak asasi manusia yang dijamin dalam Pasal 28E ayat (3) UUD 1945. Namun, di era digital, kebebasan tersebut sering disalahartikan sebagai kebebasan tanpa batas, terutama di media sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana masyarakat memanfaatkan kebebasan berpendapat di media sosial serta sejauh mana tanggung jawab dan etika diterapkan dalam praktiknya. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei daring melalui Google Form yang melibatkan responden dari berbagai latar belakang profesi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh responden aktif menggunakan media sosial setiap hari, namun mayoritas menilai kebebasan berpendapat di ruang digital belum digunakan secara bertanggung jawab. Faktor-faktor seperti emosi sesaat, pengaruh opini publik, dan kurangnya edukasi literasi digital menjadi penyebab utama munculnya komentar kasar dan ujaran kebencian. Responden juga sepakat bahwa setiap pengguna media sosial memiliki tanggung jawab moral dan hukum untuk menjaga etika dalam berkomunikasi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa perlu adanya sinergi antara masyarakat, pemerintah, dan lembaga pendidikan dalam memperkuat literasi digital serta menanamkan nilai tanggung jawab agar kebebasan berpendapat benar-benar menjadi sarana demokrasi yang bermartabat dan beretika.

Kitle iletişim araçlarının algılama sürecine etki etmesi neticesinde, gerçeklik algısının değişebildiği görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla, bu araçlarda yer alan haberlerin başlıca kaynağı olma gücünü elinde bulunduran iktidarlar, propaganda ve algı yönetimi çalışmalarıyla mesajlarını hedef kitleye iletebilmekte, amaca yönelik olarak hedef kitlenin algısını da etkileyebilmektedirler. Bu çalışma ile amaç, Soğuk Savaş döneminde haberin nasıl propaganda ve algı yönetimi aracı olarak kullanıldığını ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada, Norman Fairclough’un eleştirel söylem çözümlemesi yönteminden yararlanılarak, The New York Times ve The Washington Post gazetelerinin Soğuk Savaş döneminde yayımlamış oldukları antikomünist haberler analiz edilmiştir. Bu analizler ışığında, Soğuk Savaş döneminde, anti-komünist bir algı oluşturma amacıyla haberde ve haber içeriğinde propaganda unsurunun yaygın olarak kullanılmış olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İncelenen haberlerden yola çıkarak, gerçek Soğuk Savaş amaçları açığa...

21.yy'ın gazetecilik disiplinine getirmiş olduğu yenilikler ve değişimler her geçen gün farklı bir boyut kazanmaktadır. Ancak öte yandan, habere güven duyulmasının öneminden hareketle, belli başlı olguların da varlığını ve niteliğini kaybetmemesi gerekmektedir. Gazetecilik mesleği, her şart ve koşulda okurlara haber iletme görevini üstlendiğinden dolayı; bu şartlar kimi zaman küresel pandemi yani küresel salgın gibi zorlayıcı dönemlere de denk gelebilmektedir. Bu koşullar altında doğru ve güvenilir haber iletiminin önemi bir kat daha artmaktadır. Çünkü okurların, güvenilir kaynaklardan elde edilmiş ve derinlemesine analiz edilmiş haberleri okumaları, aynı zamanda bu haberlerin yeni teknolojiler sayesinde anında dolaşıma girmesi yani yayılması demektir. Yavaş gazetecilik de bu amaçla genel geçer haberlerden ziyade, farklı bakış açılarını barındıran, haberde kaynak kullanımına ve çeşitliliğe önem veren, araştırmacı gazeteciliği önemseyen ve günümüz hızlı haber akışının tam tersi bir yaklaşımı benimseyen bir gazetecilik türüdür. Çalışma ile amaçlanan, The Guardian gazetesinin yavaş gazetecilik uygulaması olan Long Read isimli edisyonda 1 Mart-15 Mayıs 2020 tarihlerinde yayımlanan pandemi haberlerinin; haber ve kaynak çeşitliliği açısından analiz edilmesidir. İçerik analizi yöntemiyle 3 ana kategori ve 29 alt kategoride analiz edilen haberler neticesinde elde edilen bulgular, pandemi haberlerinde çeşitliliğin görece sağlandığı ancak kaynak kullanımı bakımından aynı çeşitliliğin yetersiz kaldığı yönündedir. Kaynak ve haber çeşitliliğinin yanında, kaynak türleri de yavaş gazetecilik uygulamalarında son derece önemlidir. Bu amaçla çalışmada, bahsi geçen tarih aralığında yayınlanan haberlerde kullanılan kaynak türleri de aynı yöntemle analiz edilmiştir.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami persepsi masyarakat umum terhadap kebebasan berpendapat di Indonesia serta hambatan yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaannya. Kebebasan berpendapat merupakan hak konstitusional yang dijamin oleh Pasal 28E ayat (3) UUD 1945 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia. Namun, implementasinya masih terbatas oleh faktor hukum, sosial, dan budaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan data primer dari wawancara terhadap lima responden masyarakat umum dan data sekunder dari berbagai literatur akademik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun masyarakat memahami pentingnya kebebasan berpendapat sebagai pilar demokrasi, praktiknya sering terhambat oleh ketakutan terhadap sanksi hukum (terutama terkait UU ITE), tekanan sosial, serta budaya kolektivistik yang menekankan keharmonisan. Media sosial membuka ruang baru bagi ekspresi publik, namun juga menghadirkan tantangan berupa hoaks, ujaran kebencian, dan polarisasi opini. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sinergi antara pemerintah, media, dan masyarakat diperlukan untuk mewujudkan kebebasan berpendapat yang adil, sehat, dan bertanggung jawab di Indonesia.

Kata kunci: kebebasan berpendapat, persepsi masyarakat, demokrasi, UU ITE, budaya sosial

Using structuration theory, assuming that every government has a stake in steering public communication and comparing 46 nation-states, this paper explores the major principles that can be used to explain different mass media structures around the globe. The study draws on extensive documentary analysis and includes more than 150 expert interviews. It shows that media freedom and journalists’ autonomy depend on not only the particular governmental system, the constitution, journalism education, and the existence of commercial media but also, to a significant extent, on economic realities, the tradition of press freedom, and various other factors that are historical, religious, and/or geographic. The tool to do so is a mass media system typology based on two dimensions: formal expectations and the state’s influence.

Este artigo busca, por meio de pesquisa e analise de depoimentos, demonstrar algumas das consequencias da pirataria de videogames no decorrer das ultimas decadas e investigar a evolucao deste conceito, que brota das massas e afeta o mercado como um todo, bem como a maneira com a qual a pirataria, sob certa medida, tem mediado a evolucao dos games e a relacao do mercado com os seus consumidores. Esta pratica controversa, em muitos lugares considerada ilegal e combatida como um crime, tem gerado novas demandas no mercado, alem de impulsionar a criacao de diferentes mentalidades e maneiras de abordar o tema dentro da industria de videogames.

Este artigo busca, por meio de pesquisa e análise de depoimentos, demonstrar algumas das consequências da pirataria de videogames no decorrer das últimas décadas e investigar a evolução deste conceito, que brota das massas e afeta o mercado como um todo, bem como a maneira com a qual a pirataria, sob certa medida, tem mediado a evolução dos games e a relação do mercado com os seus consumidores. Esta prática controversa, em muitos lugares considerada ilegal e combatida como um crime, tem gerado novas demandas no mercado, além de impulsionar a criação de diferentes mentalidades e maneiras de abordar o tema dentro da indústria de videogames. Palavras-chave: jogos; pirataria; história; preservação; cultura. Este artículo busca por el medio de investigación y análisis de testimonios, demostrar algunas de las consecuencias de la piratería en el curso de las últimas décadas e investigar la evolución del concepto, que surge de la multitud y afecta el comercio, así como la manera con que la piratería ha intervenido en la evolución de los juegos y la relación del comercio con los jugadores. Esta acción polémica, que en muchos sitios es considerada ilegal y juzgada como un crimen, ha generado nuevas demandas en el comercio, además de impulsar la creación de diferentes mentalidades y maneras de tratar el tema en la industria de videojuegos.

On its face, journalism is a project that requires humble inquiry: reporters have to speak on matters that are fluid, complex, dynamic, and ambiguous-they have to turn in the "first draft of history" even as the "facts" continue to evolve. They must also convey "the facts" in a manner that is concise, compelling, and accessible to non-specialized audiences, often working under tight deadlines, and engaging with stakeholders who have their agendas, which may diverge from those of the readers, the publication, or the journalists themselves. Put simply, this is very difficult work. And "getting it right" often requires a willingness to check one's assumptions, recognize and admit errors, and subordinate one's vision and preferences to those of editors and audiences. This chapter will describe some failures and opportunities of news media to promote humble inquiry. It will discuss how journalists may foster HI in their own work and how journalists can encourage HI in their readers.

Medyanın kadınların bağımlılığını ve ikincil konumunu pekiştirdiğini konu alan pek çok çalışma bulabiliriz. Fakat kadının toplumsal yaşama katılımında örnek olarak gösterilen Norveç gibi bir ülkede hala basmakalıp ve cinsiyetçi mantıkla işleyen haber medyasına ilişkin bulgular elde etmek oldukça ilgi çekicidir. Üstelik bulguların Türkiye haber medyasıyla çok derin ayrımlar göstermemesi daha da şaşırtıcıdır. Medyanın haberler penceresine sosyolojik bir bakış açısıyla, cinsiyet algılaması çerçevesinde yaklaşan araştırma, Norveç ve Türkiye gibi hem coğrafi hem de kültürel faklılıkları olan iki ülkenin gazetelerini kadın temsiliyeti açısından karşılaştırmaktadır. İki ülkeden medya evrenini temsilen seçilen dört gazetenin 2003 yılı ikinci yarısına ait haberlerinin ele alındığı çalışma, siyah ve beyaz kadar ortak kültürel kodları bulunan ülkelerin kadın temsilini karşılaştırmaktadır. Beklenenden oldukça farklı sonuçlarla karşılaşılarak Norveç gibi BM Gelişmişlik ve kadını güçlendirme endekslerinde ilk üç sırada gösterilen, feminist çalışmalar da dahil kadın konulu araştırmaların örnek ülke olarak ele aldığı, cinsiyet adaletini oldukça yüksek oranda toplumsallaştırabilmiş bir ülkenin basmakalıp ve cinsiyetçi haber yapma pratikleri açısından Türkiye ile olan benzerliği, alanında bir ilk olan bu araştırmayı özgün ve bir o kadar da ilginç kılmaktadır.

The Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum was founded in London in 1945 as the General Sikorski Historical Institute. It is now the largest Polish archival and museum institution abroad. This article discusses the circumstances of its establishment and the uniqueness of its museum and archival collections as reported by Radio Free Europe's Polish Service. Using the case study method, several dozen broadcasts available on the Radio Liberty website were analysed, and those referring to preserved museum exhibits and archival collections were selected. Radio journalists interviewed employees of the institution and individuals who had witnessed past events associated with the Institute first-hand. This study demonstrates the significant role played by the Polish Institute in the broadcasts of one of the most important media outlets to reach behind the Iron Curtain. Further research is required on the topics discussed in the article.

This paper describes ongoing work on the creation of a multilingual rumour dataset on football transfer news, FTR-18. Transfer rumours are continuously published by sports media. They can both harm the image of player or a club or increase the player's market value. The proposed dataset includes transfer articles written in English, Spanish and Portuguese. It also comprises Twitter reactions related to the transfer rumours. FTR-18 is suited for rumour classification tasks and allows the research on the linguistic patterns used in sports journalism.

El estudio se enmarca en el proyecto nacional de investigación “Comunicación pública, transparencia, rendición de cuentas y participación en los gobiernos locales”, en el que participan universidades de casi toda España. En una primera fase se ha realizado la evaluación de los 5 municipios de la provincia de Cáceres más poblados (de más de 10.000 habitantes), en el período comprendido entre enero y abril de 2015 (antes de las elecciones municipales). El objetivo final es el fomento de las buenas prácticas en materia de comunicación e información en las corporaciones municipales, así como la mejora entre los representantes políticos, los técnicos municipales y los periodistas y, por último, facilitar la participación ciudadana en el control de la gestión de los gobiernos. El resultado del proyecto es el Mapa Infoparticip@ (http://mapainfoparticipa.com/es). Se analiza y evalúa cómo se utilizan las tecnologías digitales de las webs municipales con 41 indicadores propios, organizados en...

The AuSud Media Project is a community media intervention aimed at enabling Sudanese-Australian to develop a media voice. One of the elements of the project was a mentoring program that partnered Sudanese-Australians with working journalists. This article investigates the experiences and assessments of the mentoring program, highlighting different aspirations held by participants, language tutors and journalists, and the power relationships involved. We find that although mentors and participants had different goals for their mentoring experience, the participants felt heard by their mentors and by extension the Australian media. However the mentoring relationships also took place in a system of broader inequalities and structures that raise questions about how to effect change through such media interventions.

Filosofía contemporánea (Universidad de Granada). Graduado en Sociología y máster en Comunicación, cultura, sociedad y política (UNED). En la actualidad está realizando su tesis doctoral en la Universidad de Valencia, contratado como investigador con una beca para la formación de profesorado universitario (FPU, convocatoria 2016) desde el curso 2017/2018 y con docencia desde el curso 2018/2019. Sus principales áreas de investigación son calidad democrática, demoscopia y filosofía política.

With the shift of public discourse to social media, we see simultaneously an expansion of civic engagement as the bar to enter the conversation is lowered, and the reaction by both state and non-state adversaries of free speech to silence these voices. Traditional forms of censorship struggle in this new situation to enforce the preferred narrative of those in power. Consequently, they have developed new methods for controlling the conversation that use the social media platform itself. Using the Central Asian republic of Kyrgyzstan as a main case study, this talk explores how this new form of "subtle" censorship relies on pretence and imitation, and why interdisciplinary methods of research are needed to grapple with it. We examine how "fakeness" in the form of fake news and profiles is used as methods of subtle censorship.

The radio medium had its characteristics expanded and enhanced by the internet, making it possible to differentiate its contents through a change in production, editing and transmission, and gaining more agility with the digitization of audio and other information necessary to serve an audience with more power of choice. Within this scenario, we highlight in this article the need to change the business models of communication companies, especially radio stations, in view of the various forms of content monetization. We present some successful podcast projects, as a way of distributing content for this new historical moment in which audio once again became a highlight in media consumption. This article attempts to explore this differentiation process and comment on the possibilities of using this format on a market scale.

Este artigo apresenta analise sobre as linhas de forca que alteraram as logicas discursivas e a linguagem do meio radio – com foco nos programas jornalisticos - a partir dos anos 1990, quando a Internet passou a mudar as proprias dinâmicas de escuta do meio, seja na audicao de conteudo em qualquer horario (e nao mais, necessariamente, com o compromisso pactuado na grade da programacao), seja no carater multiplataforma dos aparatos para a recepcao dos programas: celular, computador pessoal, o velho radio de pilha, etc. Nossa abordagem dedica especial atencao as mudancas na linguagem e nas rotinas dos processos de producao dos noticiarios. Em que medida os roteiros, o tempo dedicado a apuracao das reportagens, a divisao de tarefas na redacao e o uso dos chamados “cinco idiomas do radio” (voz, musica, efeitos sonoros, pausas e trilhas animicas) ganharam novos sentidos nas ultimas duas decadas?

ROST, Alejandro (2014) “Interatividade: Definições, estudos e tendências”. En CANAVILHAS, Joao (Org). Webjornalismo: 7 caraterísticas que marcam a diferença. Covilha (Portugal): Livros LabCom Universidade Da Beira Interior. Pp 53-88. ISBN: 978-989-654-144-6.

Diff erent languages representing diff erent frameworks of thought and perspectives on reality also carry diff erent frameworks of thought on journalism and on how the profession may contribute to democracy. A shortcut to understanding varieties of journalism may be provided by the study of diff erent understandings of journalistic key notions in diff erent languages, by comparing two varieties of journalism -the "reporter" and the "publicist" tradition -in English and German. The current homogenisation of journalism, using the Anglo-American reporter traditions as the model, strengthened by the simultaneous move towards English as the international language, may be seen as a loss of diversity in journalism and even a threat to democratic diversity in Europe. An increased stress on language understanding and conceptual hygiene in the education of journalists is proposed to maintain diversity.

Not only journalists, but also media researchers may be contributing to cynicism in political life by depicting reality in ways that tend to be selffulfilling. Assumptions about politics and journalism, likely to be conducive to cynicism in journalism and politics, seem to be common in current mainstream media and communication research. Thus, journalists and media researchers alike share an ethical responsibility for self-critical reflection concerning their functions as observers who cannot escape participation in human affairs and the ethical challenges that relate to it. The first task is that of avoiding the trap of unrecognized participation.

Estamos frente a un cambio de actitud por parte de la nueva generación de consumidores mediáticos: las comunidades del conocimiento. La accesibilidad y la transferencia de conocimiento científico se revela insuficiente. Por ello el presente artículo indaga la democratización del discurso académico a través del análisis de la trayectoria de la PhD Adriana Amado Suarez, en sus diversos medios sociales La docente es Doctora en Ciencias Sociales por FLACSO investigadora y especialista en divulgación científica sobre comunicación política y acceso a la información. La diversidad de su propuesta mediática, presupone la evolución crossmedia de sus contenidos, hacia una perspectiva transmedia. Sin embargo, su estilo de divulgación evidencia la necesidad de un abordaje articulado, que contemple aspectos transmediáticos como así también estructuras de análisis desde un enfoque estilístico y semiótico del discurso académico. Denis Renó, periodista, documentalista y doctor en Comunicación, advierte sobre la importancia de repensar las formas de divulgar el conocimiento frente al cambio de actitud sumada a la interacción proactiva de los usuarios y afirma que "Si no hay interactividad, los procesos mediáticos tendrán sus resultados limitados a pocos usuarios interesados en procesos monólogos, donde uno tiene el poder del habla y los demás solo están libres para recibir el mensaje" y agrega que la vertiginosa producción y evolución de los contenidos permiten señalar una etapa ulterior a las NT hacia "La ecología transmediática".
Palabras clave: Discurso académico, comunidades del conocimiento, crossmedia, narrativa transmedia, enfoque estilístico.

This paper explores the following: (1) the use of data by Bangladeshi dailies in terms of statistics and/or infographics in covering the National Election of 2018; (2) the role data journalism played in combating spread of misinformation during the said event. The study is exploratory and descriptive in design. To conduct the study, a mixed method approach has been adopted. Data have been gathered through quantitative and qualitative content analysis of news content published during the election (15 days before and after the election day) in two most widely reached dailies (Prothom Alo, a Bangla daily and The Daily Star, an English daily). Alongside, five in-depth interviews of journalists having experience of covering elections and one journalism faculty member with appropriate academic background have been conducted. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS and the qualitative data were studied through thematic analysis and discourse analysis.

From the first humans communicating through symbols on cave walls to the present day interactions through smartphone screens, one constant remains: communication has always been at the core of human life. Yet, the ways in which we communicate have changed rapidly. In the past, letters took days to arrive; then came the telephone; now, with a single tap, a message can cross continents in mere seconds. The digital era has transformed communication not only in form and speed but also in meaning. Social media, for instance, allows anyone to become an information disseminator, an opinion shaper, or even a "public figure" with just a brief post. Behind this convenience, however, arise new challenges: misinformation spreading faster than clarification, sharp political polarization, and ethical concerns such as the misuse of personal data. These phenomena are not only global but also deeply felt in everyday life. Consider a housewife receiving a chain message on WhatsApp about a "miracle herbal cure" for all ailments. Without verification, the message spreads quickly and influences many. Or a student whose social media feed is filled with onesided political content because algorithms only display posts aligned with personal preferences. Even mundane experiences like online shopping reflect digital communication: searching for a pair of sneakers once may result in ads following the user across apps and websites. These examples illustrate how algorithms, data, and information shape our daily communication experiences. We recall the Cambridge Analytica scandal, which revealed how digital data can influence political directions. Or the deepfake technology capable of fabricating faces and voices, raising questions about information authenticity. Even major corporations, such as Amazon, faced criticism for biased digital recruitment systems against women. These instances demonstrate that digital communication is not merely about technology but also about values, justice, and the future of society. Despite the risks, digital communication offers enormous opportunities. Distance education, cross-border collaborative work, social campaigns for environmental or humanitarian causes-all are enabled by digital technology. This new paradigm demands that we be not just passive users but critical learners capable of understanding, leveraging, and regulating digital communication for collective benefit. Digital Communication Paradigms is designed to help readers understand how communication has evolved in the digital era, explore its challenges and opportunities, and engage with these developments wisely. By combining theoretical frameworks and real-life examples, this book aims to serve as both a reflective and practical guide for students, researchers, practitioners, and the general public seeking deeper insight into the digital world. All praise and gratitude are due to God Almighty, whose grace and blessings have made it possible for A Study of Digital Communication Paradigms to be compiled and reach the hands of readers. This book emerged from both a sense of concern and academic curiosity about how digital technology has reshaped human communication in personal, social, and institutional spheres. The rapid development of information technology, social media, algorithms, and artificial intelligence has opened new opportunities but also complex challenges. We live in an era where messages can spread within seconds, yet truth is often overlooked. Digital communication has become both a tool for empowerment and an arena for conflict, a bridge for connection and a source of polarization. This book aims to provide critical reflection as well as practical guidance for understanding and managing digital communication phenomena. By integrating theory, real-world case studies, and interdisciplinary analysis, it addresses the needs of academics, students, practitioners, and the general public seeking a deeper understanding of communication dynamics in the digital era. I extend my gratitude to fellow academics, students, researchers, and communication practitioners who have provided input, inspiration, and constructive discussion during the writing process. It is hoped that this work will not remain solely theoretical but will encourage readers to approach digital communication critically, reflectively, and responsibly.

Muchas de las dificultades de acceso de las periodistas argentinas a las gerencias, en las empresas mediaticas actuales, es consecuencia directa de estereotipos socioculturales de genero. Las aspiraciones, la exigencia y el reconocimiento a sus capacidades estan limitados por su condicion femenina. Informa que a nivel mundial hay un estancamiento de los progresos de las mujeres en algunas areas importantes de los medios. Si bien mas mujeres estan trabajando en la profesion, estan sub-representadas en los altos niveles de administracion.

Introducción. La irrupción de las nuevas tecnologías, la progresiva implantación de Internet, el masivo uso de las redes sociales y la actual crisis económica y financiera han provocado, junto a otros factores, el descenso en ventas de la prensa escrita en los países occidentales del planeta. El presente estudio analiza la evolución de la calidad de las noticias en cinco periódicos europeos de referencia (Financial Times, Corriere della Sera, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Le Monde y El País) durante el período comprendido entre 2001 y 2012. Metodología. La metodología utilizada se fundamenta en el concepto de media performance desarrollado por Denis McQuail (1992), el cual permite la utilización de parámetros transversales para evaluar la calidad de las noticias. Resultados. Los resultados (n=1.137) muestran que el índice calidad obtenido por la prensa europea de referencia supera muy ajustadamente los mínimos exigidos (5,39 puntos sobre 10). El índice medio manifiesta además una ...

RESUMO: Constitui-se como objeto de análise do presente artigo a representação do migrante nordestino, na figura da personagem masculina Francisco da Silva, protagonista do conto "Liberdade", de Ruth Laus, enquanto personagem ficcional que vive "em um espaço interrogatório, intersticial, entre o ato da representação [...] e a própria presença" (BHABHA, 1998, p. 22) na comunidade em que vem a se inserir e a se estabelecer. Chico, como é conhecido, embarca em um caminhão lotado, e o seu destino, como o de muitos outros migrantes, é a região Sudeste do Brasil, em que, entre São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, escolhe o mar. Na mesma medida, além do(s) conceito(s) de cultura(s), e da necessidade de (re)pensar o conceito de comunidade humana [cultural]aqui acrescentando-se o termo cultural à proposta de Bhabha (1998) -como forma de pensar o papel do indivíduo -, são retomados e analisados, também, os conceitos de identidade cultural baseados na própria diferença. Pensa-se de que forma, então, e através de que caráter impositivo, a riqueza e os valores do Nordeste que, embora tenham conseguido se difundir em solo nacional, ainda assim, não primaram pela garantia de permanência de seus habitantes em sua terra natal.

Gün geçmiyor ki dijital teknolojiler karşımıza yeni bir şey çıkartmasın! Bu gelişim ya da değişim, artık ne derseniz deyin, ortalama bir profesyonelin yetişemeyeceği bir ivme ile hareket ediyor. Eksponansiyel oranda yani artarak hızlanan bir karakter sergiliyor. Bunun Türkçe ifadesi ise kişi ne kadar çaba sarf ederse etsin değişene yetişme olanağından her geçen gün uzaklaşıyor!

Kebebasan berpendapat merupakan hak dasar yang dijamin UUD 1945, namun penerapan UU ITE sering menimbulkan pembatasan dan rasa takut untuk menyampaikan kritik. Penelitian ini menganalisis dampak UU ITE terhadap ruang demokrasi dan pentingnya peran warga negara dalam menjaga kebebasan berekspresi. Dengan metode wawancara, observasi, dan kajian pustaka, ditemukan bahwa kurangnya literasi digital dan hukum menjadi penyebab utama kesalahpahaman batas berpendapat. Diperlukan upaya edukasi dan advokasi agar masyarakat mampu menggunakan kebebasan berpendapat secara bijak dan bertanggung jawab sesuai prinsip demokrasi dan keadilan sosial.

Kata Kunci: kebebasan berpendapat, UU ITE, warga negara, demokrasi digital

Imprensa, história, censura, liberdade, opinião «A censura em Portugal foi a mais rigorosa de todas as cen-as censuras inquisitoriais» Jacinto do Prado Coelho «Pois sabeis que gente é a portuguesa e quanto folga de re-de reprehender» Cardeal Infante D. Henrique em carta a Damião de Góis Pode dizer -se que em cinco séculos de história da tipografia, do livro e da imprensa em Portugal, poucos e raros foram os perío-

Neste início da era digital estão a emergir novos e complexos problemas para o sistema de media, e muito em particular para o jornalismo. As plataformas on-line - os novos intermediários digitais - estão a introduzir sistemas automatizados para distribuição de conteúdo e informação através de tecnologias que controlam o acesso às notícias on-line, através de motores de busca, agregadores de notícias e redes sociais. Estes são novos sistemas algorítmicos de gestão de informação que se tornam também autênticos “gatekeepers” de notícias. Este “algorithmic turn” é assim um grande desafio para o futuro do jornalismo cujos problemas e consequências abordamos mais detalhadamente neste artigo.

In this article, we expose how Marti attributed a crucial function to literary work, and above all to journalism, diametrically opposed to the formalistic conceptions of artistic creation, but with an aesthetic concern that brought him close to certain movements of the time. We also assess the Cuban writer’s career in journalism and show how the style of his writings is linked to his ideology. Given the close relationship that he established between literature and justice, we will see how it was nourished by the movements or writers that linked art to the civic or moral world, especially the pre-Raphaelites and Emerson’s philosophical production.

Es interesante comprobar cómo en los artículos periodísticos de Onetti, a pesar de que su tono nada tiene que ver con el de sus futuras novelas y cuentos, ya se dan las características y la visión de su mundo de ficción. Es posible por tanto trazar una línea paralela entre sus primeros artículos periodísticos, sus novelas y sus primeros cuentos (en concreto, el primero, "Avenida de Mayo-Diagonal Norte-Avenida de Mayo") por cuanto de ellos podemos extraer unas constantes que van a darse a lo largo de toda su vida y obra y que tienen que ver con las técnicas narrativas (utilización del tiempo), la forma de ver el mundo (la ficción nos salva de lo real), el tema (la ciudad, la urbe) y un enfoque estilístico que tiene como centro la búsqueda de un nuevo lenguaje. Onetti fue de una coherencia sorprendente a lo largo de toda su vida. Él mismo comentaría en un artículo periodístico titulado "Retórica literaria" que el éxito literario estriba en durar, esto es, durar frente a un tema, frente a la vida, sosteniendo un estado del espíritu que nada tenga que ver con lo vago, con las modas, con la hojarasca, con las peñas literarias, con los elogios; durar en el sentido de permanecer fiel a la esencia de uno mismo, "como se acepta el destino" (Onetti, 1975: 22). 27 3.ª Época -N.º 14. 2009 -Págs. 27-40 RESUMEN: El presente ensayo analiza y verifica como en los artículos periodísticos de Onetti, escritos en su primera época, ya se dan las características y la visión de su posterior mundo de ficción. Se traza una línea paralela entre sus crónicas periodísticas y sus novelas o primeros cuentos para llegar a la Poética del autor.

This study investigated the level of implementation on the inclusiveness of Child-Friendly School System (CFSS) of Barobo National High School, Barobo, Surigao del Sur Philippines. It utilized the descriptive method where 150 respondents consisting of administrators, teachers and students were asked about their evaluation of the program through a survey questionnaire. Results revealed that the program implementation of the public secondary school has strengths and weaknesses. The strengths include the presence of a school mission and/or vision statement and existence of policies about inclusive, child-friendly education; convenient, affordable, and safe mode of transport is  available from home to school for all children; monitoring mechanisms exist to  identify students prone of dropping out; all children have equal opportunities to participate in all school and classroom activities; the school has links with existing health authorities who provide periodic health examinations for ...

Resumen
La transposición de la radiofonía hertziana a Internet ha incrementado las potencialidades de la radio con la incorporación de elementos inherentes al medio digital.
El proceso de mediamorfosis de la radio ha conllevado el desarrollo de nuevas fórmulas de participación basadas en la interactividad.
Con la adopción de las redes sociales la radiofonía en línea ganó proximidad con su comunidad de oyentes-usuarios. Una cercanía que ha supuesto una oportunidad para la radio, tanto desde la perspectiva de la participación como de la proyección del medio en Internet, con el traspaso de los contenidos radiofónicos de sus espacios institucionales (sitio web, aplicación) a las redes sociales de los usuarios. El presente estudio analiza el uso que las cadenas españolas de radio dan a las redes sociales para aprovechar el papel activo que asumen los oyentes-usuarios en Internet. Esta utilización puede suponer una mayor proyección del medio en la Red
y un mayor implicación de los usuarios.
Palabras clave
Radio - Radiomorfosis - Internet - Dispositivos móviles - Participación - Redes sociales

Geride kalan on yılda, yer kürenin her köşesinde patlak veren kendiliğinden kitle hareketleri, ütopyasızlaştırılan dünyanın yeni bir umuda ihtiyaç duyduğunu gösteriyor. Köklere sadık kalmak önemlidir önemli olmasına; ama yalnızca geçmiş deneyimlere bakarak çıkartılabilecek, bugün karşılaşılan sorunları çözmeye yönelik hazır bir reçete yoktur. Günümüzde, çok daha boğucu bir ideolojik ve siyasal iklimde, dünyanın dört bir yanındaki Xu Lizhi’ların çaresiz çığlığında saklı gizilgücün nasıl, hangi araçlarla açığa çıkartılabileceği ve seferber edilebileceği, farklı bir dünya isteyenlerin üzerinde durması gereken esas sorudur.

In the text I reflect on the contemporary public sphere, considering how the algorithmic curation of information has transformed the formation of public opinion. I consider the ongoing transformations of the public sphere, some of the normative implications of these processes, and connect them to the concept of 'algorithmic public opinion', as introduced by Gandini, Keeling and Reviglio in the journal Dialogues on Digital Society. Moving beyond neutral descriptions, I also draw attention to the deepening power asymmetries in these processes and highlight the growing influence of Big Tech, which will have to be incorporated into a genuinely critical framework.

Este artículo analiza cómo los factores sistémicos e institucionales influyen en las características de la publicidad política negativa, tomando como casos de estudio las elecciones presidenciales de México y Brasil en 2018. A través del análisis de 245 spots negativos y considerando variables como el tipo de ataque, el objetivo, la táctica, la apelación emocional o racional, el sujeto que ataca y el protagonista del spot, se demuestra que los factores institucionales condicionan significativamente estos mensajes. En México, los partidos emergentes predominan como emisores de publicidad negativa, mientras que en Brasil son los partidos tradicionales los principales generadores de estos mensajes. Los análisis de regresión y pruebas de chi cuadrado revelan que los partidos tradicionales tienden a usar narración en off, ataques directos y un enfoque en el desempeño previo de los adversarios. Además, el sistema pluralista amplio de Brasil favorece ataques directos y centrados en los candidatos, mientras que el pluralismo moderado de México fomenta un mayor uso de apelaciones emocionales. A pesar de estas diferencias, ambos países comparten altos niveles de personalización en sus mensajes negativos, priorizando los rasgos de los candidatos sobre sus propuestas. El estudio aporta claves para comprender las campañas negativas en democracias latinoamericanas y orientar investigaciones futuras.

O projeto de ensino, pesquisa e extensão Observatório da Mídia Paraibana foi criado em 2009 a partir de uma iniciativa estudantil. Nesta oportunidade, apresentamos a história da proposta, seus objetivos, a metodologia adotada e parte dos resultados. Buscaremos, sobretudo, discorrer sobre a atuação dessas ferramentas no fortalecimento da cidadania. Observatório da Mídia Paraibana é um instrumento para fortalecimento do Direito Humano à Comunicação na Paraíba.