Intangible assets measurement

The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors that make universities gain Competitive Advantage in Kenya. Design/methodology/approach – This is an exploratory qualitative research. A total of 378 respondents from 17 universities participated in the research. A questionnaire comprising of two open ended research questions was distributed to both students and faculty. Thereafter data was analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings – Regarding how universities enhanced quality, five themes emerged namely: research, staff focus, student focus and governance and planning. As to the sources of competitive advantage four themes emerged; strong brand name, research, methodology of teaching and learning environment. Research limitations/implications – The study has been carried out only among universities operating in Kenya. Furthermore, the study has been only in service industry. This limits applicability to universities operating outside Kenya and other non-service industry. Practi...

The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors that make universities gain Competitive Advantage in Kenya. Design/methodology/approach – This is an exploratory qualitative research. A total of 378 respondents from 17 universities participated in the research. A questionnaire comprising of two open ended research questions was distributed to both students and faculty. Thereafter data was analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings – Regarding how universities enhanced quality, five themes emerged namely: research, staff focus, student focus and governance and planning. As to the sources of competitive advantage four themes emerged; strong brand name, research, methodology of teaching and learning environment. Research limitations/implications – The study has been carried out only among universities operating in Kenya. Furthermore, the study has been only in service industry. This limits applicability to universities operating outside Kenya and other non-service industry. Practi...

The purpose of this study is to reveal whether the location is a sustainable competitive advantage to attract the students or not. This study consists of a literature review about location in higher education area, research about a sample Turkish foundation university enrollment records and a survey on students attending a sample foundation university in Istanbul. The questionnaire method has been chosen in order to show the importance of location for a university. The students had been admitted to a foundation university in the 2013-2014 period when within the same universities various departments almost the same score in exam were included in the study. The results of study indicate the location affects the students' university choice decision and so it is a kind of sustainable competitive advantage for this sample university. This paper proposes the location has an important effect to attract the students to universities. This will help the university manager's decision-making on the strategic planning. This study has revealed one important competitive advantage criteria for foundation universities.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the entire world experienced a catastrophic health crisis. And early response of many governments was a lockdown "stay at home" policy aimed at preventing people from moving because the virus was thought to spread through contact with an infected person. This study is aimed at understanding the perceptions and practices of teacher's torwards School Feeding Programmes during COVID-19. The study participants who took part in the study were from 4 different regions namely; Khomas region, Otjozondjupa region, Kavango East region and Oshana region. The study design for this thesis is a cross sectional study design which falls under descriptive studies. The sample size was 24 participants from 7 different schools in Namibia. The sampling method that was used was purposive sampling. This study used a mixed method of both quantitative and qualitative method as a form of data collection. The findings indicated that out of the 24 respondents, 25% felt like the School Feeding Programmes were "very effective" during COVID-19, 54.1% of them felt like "slightly effective" and 20.8% of them thought that the SFP's were "not effective". The findings also indicated that only 2 out of the seven schools had vegetable gardens which support School Feeding Programmes. Majority of the teachers agreed that schools that have gardens had a better advantage during COVID-19 as they did not solely rely on the government to supply them with food but they could rather grow their own food and use it as a substitute for when the government cannot supply the schools with food. Majority of the teachers believed that the government and the SFPs did enough to ensure that the SFPs were effective during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is because despite the pandemic, some of the schools were still able to work around it. Teachers also aired their perceptions on the importance of adapting vegetable gardens. Most of the practices put in place by some of the schools included giving the learners or the parents of the learners a dry ration to take home. Some schools also allowed children to go to school at least 1 to 2 times a week to receive food.

This article attempts to answer the management company intangible assets governance in pharmaceutical industry. In this study, we use pure literature survey and conclusions are drawn from theoretical analysis and discussion results. This research will add depper insight intangible assets governance in pharmaceutical industry. The right intangible assets are considered as the root of the company's value creation, helping the company to achieve success. In addition, intangible assets are one of the main sources of competitive advantage.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors that make universities gain Competitive Advantage in Kenya. Design/methodology/approach – This is an exploratory qualitative research. A total of 378 respondents from 17 universities participated in the research. A questionnaire comprising of two open ended research questions was distributed to both students and faculty. Thereafter data was analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings – Regarding how universities enhanced quality, five themes emerged namely: research, staff focus, student focus and governance and planning. As to the sources of competitive advantage four themes emerged; strong brand name, research, methodology of teaching and learning environment. Research limitations/implications – The study has been carried out only among universities operating in Kenya. Furthermore, the study has been only in service industry. This limits applicability to universities operating outside Kenya and other non-service industry. Practi...

The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors that make universities gain Competitive Advantage in Kenya. Design/methodology/approach – This is an exploratory qualitative research. A total of 378 respondents from 17 universities participated in the research. A questionnaire comprising of two open ended research questions was distributed to both students and faculty. Thereafter data was analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings – Regarding how universities enhanced quality, five themes emerged namely: research, staff focus, student focus and governance and planning. As to the sources of competitive advantage four themes emerged; strong brand name, research, methodology of teaching and learning environment. Research limitations/implications – The study has been carried out only among universities operating in Kenya. Furthermore, the study has been only in service industry. This limits applicability to universities operating outside Kenya and other non-service industry. Practi...

This paper highlights inception with immense importance of the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) policy to promote the concept of best practices benchmarking. The Benchmarking is an increasingly popular tool applied in particular area of Higher education and is used extensively by both Developers and Providers. Best practices are those which adds the value to human life and support main cause of an institution. It helps in development of an institution as source/means to perform and undertook social responsibility. Now a days, due to increasing competition, demands for accountability and higher volumes of available information are changing the methods of how institutions of higher education operate. For higher education to enact substantial and sustainable changes in efficiency and productivity a new way of thinking or paradigm that builds efficiency and a desire for continual learning must be integrated into institutional structures. Tools are also being developed that measure or benchmark the progress and success of these efforts. Among the improvement strategies and techniques, benchmarking has emerged as a useful, easily understood, and effective tool for staying competitive.

The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) has been set up to facilitate the volunteering institutions to assess their performance through introspection. NAAC is taking efforts for assessment and accreditation with an objective of continuous improvement of quality in higher education since two decade. It has made significant impact on improvement of quality in higher education. NAAC has revised its accreditation framework and made ICT enabled, objective, transparent, surmountable and robust. The self study report has been made qualitative and quantitative matrix oriented. AQAR is also proposed qualitative and quantitative matrix oriented from academic year 2020-21. This paper presents some points related to accreditation process of Indian higher education system with some of the revised accreditation framework of NAAC. This framework deals with various innovations and reforms brought in the accreditation process. The revised accreditation framework has introduced several concepts in quality assurance such as Student Satisfaction Survey (SSS), Data Validation and Verification (DVV), Quality bench-marking, Innovation, Ecosystem, Alumni Engagement, Institutional Values and Distinctiveness in the accreditation process. It is useful to all educational institutions for their quality management to create new policies of quality management and to inculcate innovation in the mind of stakeholders. It helps to improve the employing ability and new trends in the market of higher education for global competency.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of Quality Service Delivery dimensions on Competitive Advantage in universities operating in Kenya. This was an exploratory quantitative research. Method: This was a quantitative exploratory study. A total of 378 respondents from 17 universities participated in the research. A self-administered likert scale questionnaire was distributed to both students and faculty.
      Findings: The study found out that four dimensions of Quality Service Delivery namely Tangibles, Assurance, Responsiveness and Empathy had a strong positive significant relationship with Competitive Advantage. While Reliability had a positive relationship with Competitive Advantage, it was not significant factor. The findings are in line with several other studies and theories.
      Research limitations: The study is limited because it was only carried among universities operating in Kenya. Furthermore, the study had been done only in service industry. This limits applicability to universities operating outside Kenya and other non-service industry.
        Implications: The study supports developing and focusing on intangible competences in order to gain competitive advantage. The study implies that management need to work on crafting strategies that best combines resources in order to generate competitive advantage.

This study is an attempt to dissect the impact of online threats that affects on the usage of E-banking by retail customers. In general, it seeks to examine customer's perspective towards fear of various online threats. The data for this study are collected from retail customers. The sample consists of 240 retail customers from public and private sector banks. Data was collected through pre-tested questionnaires. All the retail customers were based in northern India. It has been found that after providing different security mechanisms, customers are still feared about online threats and hence hesitate to transact through online mediums. It is vital to provide robust security mechanisms while conducting transactions via electronic means.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors that make universities gain Competitive Advantage in Kenya.
Design/methodology/approach – This is an exploratory qualitative research. A total of 378 respondents from 17 universities participated in the research. A questionnaire comprising of two open ended research questions was distributed to both students and faculty. Thereafter data was analyzed through thematic analysis.
Findings – Regarding how universities enhanced quality, five themes emerged namely: research, staff focus, student focus and governance and planning. As to the sources of competitive advantage four themes emerged; strong brand name, research, methodology of teaching and learning environment.
Research limitations/implications – The study has been carried out only among universities operating in Kenya. Furthermore, the study has been only in service industry. This limits applicability to universities operating outside Kenya and other non-service industry.
Practical implications – The study supports developing and focusing on distinctive competences in order to gain competitive advantage. Management then need to work on crafting strategies that best combines resources in order to generate sustainable competitive advantage.
Originality/value – This is one of the first studies that focuses on competitive advantage of universities in Kenya and uses the resource based view to anchor the research.

The purpose of this study is to reveal whether the location is a sustainable competitive advantage to attract the students or not. This study consists of a literature review about location in higher education area, research about a sample Turkish foundation university enrollment records and a survey on students attending a sample foundation university in Istanbul. The questionnaire method has been chosen in order to show the importance of location for a university. The students had been admitted to a foundation university in the 2013-2014 period when within the same universities various departments almost the same score in exam were included in the study. The results of study indicate the location affects the students' university choice decision and so it is a kind of sustainable competitive advantage for this sample university. This paper proposes the location has an important effect to attract the students to universities. This will help the university manager's decision-making on the strategic planning. This study has revealed one important competitive advantage criteria for foundation universities.