Hemispherical analyzers are scientific instruments used in surface analysis and spectroscopy to measure the energy distribution of charged particles, typically electrons. They operate by utilizing a hemispherical electric field to filter particles based on their kinetic energy, enabling detailed characterization of material surfaces and electronic properties.
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Hemispherical analyzers are scientific instruments used in surface analysis and spectroscopy to measure the energy distribution of charged particles, typically electrons. They operate by utilizing a hemispherical electric field to filter particles based on their kinetic energy, enabling detailed characterization of material surfaces and electronic properties.