Employment Equity Policies

Tax administration faces challenges in collecting tax debts, a vital resource for meeting public needs. This is partly due to disputes during the collection process. Algerian legislation has attempted to address this issue by regulating procedures and maintaining a balance between the rights of the public treasury and taxpayers. Taxpayers are allowed to request a halt to compulsory collection through the judiciary to prevent abuse in this process.

Female labor force participation (FLFP) is a key indicator of gender equality and economic development. Sri Lanka has made significant progress in gender equality, with high female literacy rates and educational attainment levels. However, FLFP in Sri Lanka remains low, at around 30-35% for the past two decades. This is significantly lower than the global average of 49.6%. The low FLFP in Sri Lanka is a significant economic and social challenge. It limits women's economic opportunities and potential and deprives the economy of a valuable labor pool. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to identify the factors affecting FLFP in Sri Lanka. This study will also examine the impact of these factors on FLFP and provide recommendations for increasing FLFP in Sri Lanka. This study is significant because it will provide valuable insights into the factors that are preventing women from participating in the labor market in Sri Lanka. This information can be used to develop policies and programs to increase FLFP and promote gender equality in Sri Lanka. Looking at the methodology, this research is a mixed method of mixing qualitative and quantitative data and content analysis carried out using secondary data. The key finding of this study is the main factors affecting FLFP in Sri Lanka. According to sociocultural norms and attitudes, lack of affordable and accessible childcare, discrimination in the workplace, and limited job opportunities in female-dominated sectors are the significant findings. This research concludes that the low FLFP in Sri Lanka is a complex issue influenced by various factors. To increase FLFP, it is essential to address all of these factors, including sociocultural norms and attitudes, the lack of affordable and accessible childcare, discrimination in the workplace, and limited job opportunities in female-dominated sectors.

Female labor force participation (FLFP) is a key indicator of gender equality and economic development. Sri Lanka has made significant progress in gender equality, with high female literacy rates and educational attainment levels. However, FLFP in Sri Lanka remains low, at around 30-35% for the past two decades. This is significantly lower than the global average of 49.6%. The low FLFP in Sri Lanka is a significant economic and social challenge. It limits women's economic opportunities and potential and deprives the economy of a valuable labor pool. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to identify the factors affecting FLFP in Sri Lanka. This study will also examine the impact of these factors on FLFP and provide recommendations for increasing FLFP in Sri Lanka. This study is significant because it will provide valuable insights into the factors that are preventing women from participating in the labor market in Sri Lanka. This information can be used to develop policies and programs to increase FLFP and promote gender equality in Sri Lanka. Looking at the methodology, this research is a mixed method of mixing qualitative and quantitative data and content analysis carried out using secondary data. The key finding of this study is the main factors affecting FLFP in Sri Lanka. According to sociocultural norms and attitudes, lack of affordable and accessible childcare, discrimination in the workplace, and limited job opportunities in female-dominated sectors are the significant findings. This research concludes that the low FLFP in Sri Lanka is a complex issue influenced by various factors. To increase FLFP, it is essential to address all of these factors, including sociocultural norms and attitudes, the lack of affordable and accessible childcare, discrimination in the workplace, and limited job opportunities in female-dominated sectors.

Türkiye'de eğitim politikaları, yalnızca bireylerin kişisel gelişimlerini değil, aynı zamanda bölgesel kalkınma ve ekonomik büyüme hedeflerini de etkilemektedir Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi; yüksek genç nüfus oranına rağmen, işsizlik, göç, düşük sanayileşme oranı ve dijital dönüşümdeki yetersizlikler nedeniyle kalkınmada dezavantajlı konumda yer almaktadır (OECD, 2022). Bu nedenle, yetişkin eğitimi kurumları olan Halk Eğitim Merkezleri (HEM) ve Olgunlaşma Enstitüleri, yalnızca bireysel eğitim fırsatları sunan kuruluşlar değil, aynı zamanda işsizliği azaltan, girişimciliği teşvik eden ve inovasyon odaklı kalkınmayı destekleyen stratejik aktörler olarak öne çıkmaktadır.

The Weimar Republic (1918-1933) was an important turning point in German history, especially in terms of women's suffrage. Although this was a period of significant progress towards gender equality, at the same time, traditional role models that prevented women's full equality persisted. The transition from monarchy to republic brought significant social changes, including women's suffrage. This article sheds light on the development of women's suffrage in the Weimar Republic, its progress and setbacks, and takes a look at prominent women's rights activists, such as Clara Zetkin, who made significant contributions to the emancipation movement. In a way, it is in the nature of things that the women's movement has always been closely linked to progressive-liberal ideas and left-wing ideologies, and the struggle for and advocacy of women's rights in Germany is particularly associated with the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and other social democratic and socialist parties.
Like the Weimar Republic, the founding of the Republic of Türkiye, also a transition from monarchy to republic, has similar aspects, and the most important milestones regarding women's issues should be briefly mentioned here. For example: The abolition of the caliphate on March 3, 1924, the new constitution on April 20, 1924, the hat reform in 1925, the enactment of a civil code modeled on the Swiss Civil Code in 1926, or the granting of active and passive suffrage to women at the local level on April 3, 1930 in preparation for universal suffrage for women in 1934.
Keywords: The Weimar Republic, Republic of Türkiye, Women's Suffrage, Clara Zetkin

Ce document est la reponse francaise a un " questionnaire " d'enquete internationale menee par le Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training (Tokyo) " Non-Regular Employment in Europe and the United States ". Il a donc ete redige a l'intention d'un lectorat peu familier de la problematique francaise des Formes Particulieres d'Emploi. Nous avons conserve dans ce document les principaux en-tetes du questionnaire original.

Maison des Sciences Économiques, 106-112 boulevard de L'Hôpital, 75647 Paris Cedex 13 http://centredeconomiesorbonne.univ-paris1.fr/bandeau-haut/documents-de-travail/ ISSN : 1955-611X ... Les formes particulières d'emploi en France : un état des lieux

RESUMEN Las construcciones de tierra que se utilizaron en la región y en el área rural mendocina que analizamos, fueron también herencia de la tradición española. Sus usos fueron predominantemente rurales, pero han evidencias de que la ciudad de Mendoza también tuvo su cielo recortado por las curvas de los techos abovedados. Las más abundantes se hallaron en las haciendas vitivinícolas y cerealeras. La casa de las bóvedas del San Martín en El Barreal, fue una construcción notable provista de voluntad formal y estética. También, tras el antecedente de los chozos españoles, se construyeron las Casuchas del Rey en el camino a Chile, y las bóvedas de las minas de Uspallata. Estas formas que se sumaron al paisaje mendocino demuestran la pericia técnica y la estética de la cultura criolla del siglo XVIII. ABSTRACT The earth´s constructions that were used in the country of Mendoza are our subject of work. They were part of the heritage of the hispanish tradition. There uses were commons in...

Las construcciones de tierra que se utilizaron en la región y en el área rural mendocina que analizamos, fueron también herencia de la tradición española. Sus usos fueron predominantemente rurales, pero han evidencias de que la ciudad de Mendoza también tuvo su cielo recortado por las curvas de los techos abovedados. Las más abundantes se hallaron en las haciendas vitivinícolas y cerealeras. La casa de las bóvedas del San Martín en El Barreal, fue una construcción notable provista de voluntad formal y estética. También, tras el antecedente de los chozos españoles, se construyeron las Casuchas del Rey en el camino a Chile, y las bóvedas de las minas de Uspallata. Estas formas que se sumaron al paisaje mendocino demuestran la pericia técnica y la estética de la cultura criolla del siglo XVIII. Palabras claves: arquitectura de tierra; techos curvos; construcciones rurales; cultura colonial; bóvedas y cúpulas.

This qualitative study investigates persistent gender inequality in Japan's technology sector, highlighting gaps between corporate policies and employees' lived experiences. Based on 24 semi-structured interviews with employees and human resource staff at international IT firms, the research examines parental leave, promotion and career development, diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), unconscious bias, and harassment. While government reforms and corporate policies-such as expanded parental leave, targets for women in management, and DEI programs-aim to promote equality, daily realities often diverge. Parental leave is widely available, yet cultural expectations and operational pressures constrain use, particularly for men. Women face structural and cultural barriers to advancement, while some men feel disadvantaged by diversity initiatives. Bias, stereotypes, and subtle harassment persist despite formal safeguards, and foreign employees sometimes lack awareness of benefits. The study concludes that genuine gender equality requires not only robust policies but also cultural change and inclusive practices responsive to both men's and women's perspectives.

Turizm sektöründe kadın çalışanların ve özellikle tesettürlü kadınların karşılaştığı görünmeyen engeller üzerine odaklanan bu çalışma, sektördeki yapısal eşitsizlikleri ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Cinsiyet rolleri, dini semboller ve iş hayatındaki ayrımcılık ilişkisi tartışılmıştır. Yorum ve katkılarınızı beklerim.


This study focuses on the invisible barriers faced by women—particularly hijabi women—in Turkey’s tourism industry, highlighting the structural inequalities in the sector. It explores the intersection of gender roles, religious symbols, and workplace discrimination. Feedback and insights are welcome.

Violations of labor rights have been constant in the United States, and millions of laborers in multiple industries especially the low wage earners, immigrants, and gig economy workers are affected by various forms of violations. Wage theft, workplace discrimination, working under unsafe conditions, and union retaliation are still common practices faced by the vast majority of workers even though the country has comprehensive labor laws, such as the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), and Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA). The present article is a reflection on the origin of these persistent abuses and underlines the importance of legal education in alleviating these wrong doings. The article cancels out the most crucial tendencies in labor law infringement based on the recent data provided by federal and state labor agencies, advocacy groups, and scholarly works. The article also reveals the most impacted industries, and demographical categories. It also evaluates the efficiency of legislation systems and laws enforcement. The main thesis is that the legal literacy and education, be it formal (in schools and law courses) or informal (through unions, non-governmental institutions, local workshops, etc.), play a significant role in empowering workers, enhancing reports, and reinforcing enforcement. In addition, the paper addresses the issue of access to legal education through cost, language, fear of reprisal, and a small reach, especially among disadvantaged populations. It suggests policy recommendations to enable policy to be carried out in terms of integrating legal learning in state institutions, trade occupations, and employment training programs. In the final analysis, this paper should make the case that legal literacy should not only be employed as a means of individual empowerment but should be positioned as another prescription to the fulfillment of labor justice in the U.S. on a broader sense.

This study investigates the work-life balance (WLB) challenges Western female flexipatriates face in the UAE, extending border theory beyond its traditional Western contexts. Compared to traditional expatriates, flexpatriates undertake short-term international assignments without permanent relocation. The UAE's unique socio-cultural and professional environment presents opportunities and challenges for these women to achieve satisfactory WLB. Through qualitative research, the study examines the strategies these women employ to balance professional responsibilities and personal lives, emphasizing the impact of cultural differences. The findings contribute to international business, transnational management, and global human resource management domains, offering insights for practitioners and academics on the importance of adapting to diverse cultural norms for success in international business.

Despite the growing body of research on gender representation, there has been relatively little attention paid to why women are underrepresented in management roles in African governments. This article focuses on Ethiopia to demonstrate that glass ceiling and glass walls are critical factors in government. The study examines impediments to gender representation through two distinct methods. First, quantitative analysis is used to empirically verify whether existing theories of the glass ceiling apply to the Ethiopian context, revealing that a lack of networking and work-life conflicts are significant barriers to women's representation at both high and low management levels. Second, qualitative analysis uncovers new variables concerning barriers to gender representation, including inconsistent affirmative action implementation, lack of political commitment and accountability, and a lack of desire for managerial roles among women. This research contributes to our empirical knowledge of the barriers to women's representation in developing countries.

In this paper, we introduce a unique dataset derived from a survey conducted among 450 Syrian refugee workers and the owners/managers of the firms in which they are employed in Istanbul, Turkey. We utilise this data to investigate the connection between the wage-productivity gap and perceived economic and social discrimination. The findings of the study indicate that individuals facing a wider wage-productivity gap tend to report higher levels of economic and social discrimination. These results remain consistent even after incorporating various variables at both the worker and firm levels into the analysis. These findings imply potential policy recommendations that policymakers should take into account.

In realtà, tale termine viene utilizzato quando si parla in francese. Nella lingua sonrhaï non esiste un termine equivalente a "casta" e tutti gli intervistati, quando chiedevo come si dice casta? Rispondevano indicando i vari gruppi. (3) A. DUPUIS-YAKOUBA, Note sur la population de Tombouctou (Castes et associations), in "Revue des études ethnographiques et sociologiques ", 1910, pp. 233-234.

Productivity plays a central role in shaping the welfare of societies and the competitiveness of countries. Productivity differences, for instance, explain a large share of the differences in income per capita across countries. This paper investigates the role of productivity heterogeneity across 18 countries over the period 2001-2012. In particular, it analyses the evidence that emerges from the distributed micro-data approach carried out in the OECD MultiProd project. The main outcome of the project is a unique dataset of harmonised crosscountry moments that are representative for the population of firms and comparable across countries even at a detailed industry level. We look at the 90-10 percentile ratio of LP and MFP and show that: i) productivity dispersion is high in both manufacturing and nonfinancial market services; ii) it has increased over time, especially in services; iii) a substantial part of this dispersion comes from differences among firms within the same sector o...

Our paper analyzes two models of economic development: Sweden and Turkey. The main objective of this analysis is to highlight in which way two countries with different development strategies, economic geography, mentality and culture have managed to maintain growth before and during the global economic crisis, becoming gradually genuine models of welfare state. The analysis undertaken in this paper is, consequently, divided into two parts. The first shows the Swedish model of welfare state, that was an inspirational one in the '70 and '80, and its specific strengths and vulnerabilities. The second part summarizes Turkey's economic development over the past decade, emphasizing comparative advantages that have made it the 16 th largest economy of the world and its strategy in terms of managing the international economic crisis. The final part of our comparative approach aims to respond to the following question: may those two economic models be considered proper economic lessons for the other states that are confronted with economic vulnerabilities?

This thesis describes and interprets Black African students' educational experiences at BYU. The researcher conducted repeated interviews and observations to understand and portray the perceptions, feelings, and activities of African students, and several professors and administrators involved with the education of African students. Using naturalistic inquiry methods, this study discovered challenges and frustrations African students experience in addition to several reasons these students continue to come to BYU. The three major challenges identified were associated with the admission process, conflicting expectations, and social interactions. Recommendations are given for improving the educational experiences of African students. COMMITTEE APPROVAL: David D. Williams, Committee Chair Russell T. Osguthorpe, Committee Member Paul Merrill, Department Chair

Η μελέτη διερευνά πώς η ψηφιακή τεχνολογία μετέβαλε το τρίπτυχο παραγωγή-κατανάλωση-prosumption, οδηγώντας στη γέννηση της διαδικτυακής κατανάλωσης και, ταυτόχρονα, της διαδικτυακής πειρατείας. Αφού χαρτογραφεί ιστορικά την εξάπλωση της καταναλωτικής κοινωνίας, εισάγει την έννοια του «prosumer» ως σύντηξης παραγωγού-καταναλωτή και αναλύει τον ρόλο των πλατφορμών Web 2.0 στη συνεχή δημιουργία και διάδοση πολιτιστικού περιεχομένου. Στο εμπειρικό μέρος εξετάζονται τα κίνητρα των χρηστών που προσφεύγουν στην πειρατεία, εστιάζοντας σε παράγοντες όπως η τιμολόγηση, η αντιλαμβανόμενη ποιότητα, ο ψυχολογικός σκεπτικισμός και η επιθυμία για ελεύθερη πρόσβαση. Παρουσιάζονται επίσης οι οικονομικές συνέπειες για τη βιομηχανία της μουσικής και του οπτικοακουστικού υλικού, καθώς και τα όρια των ποινικών μέτρων. Η εργασία καταλήγει ότι μόνο πολυεπίπεδες παρεμβάσεις—συνδυασμός δίκαιης τιμολόγησης, εκπαίδευσης χρηστών και καινοτόμων επιχειρηματικών μοντέλων—μπορούν να περιορίσουν αποτελεσματικά το φαινόμενο, διατηρώντας παράλληλα την πολιτιστική ποικιλομορφία και τη διαδικτυακή ελευθερία.

Despite legal sanctions and political pressure from women's organizations to facilitate the advancement of women in management, there has been little evaluation of specific initiatives designed to recruit, encourage, assist, or improve the performance of women in management positions. A broad array of recommendations regarding what should be done to facilitate the advancement of women in organizations has been offered. Although the variety of programs and policies recommended is extensive, there has been little empirical investigation of their effectiveness or validity. While it is clear that most firms have established some programs to deal with issues of affirmative action, it is less certain that existing programs are effective. Organizational resources may well be being spent on irrelevant activities and diverted from activities that could better contribute to organizational effectiveness. Organizations need to assess how today's women view the firms they work for. What do business women perceive that their organizations are doing to help or hinder their career opportunities? What organizational policies do they feel should be employed to better meet women's needs and to better utilize female managerial talent? This study seeks to answer some of these questions by assessing what policies and programs currently exist and how women in managerial positions evaluate these programs. To assess the effectiveness of programs designed to facilitate the movement of women into management, data were gathered from three similar professional women's organizations: the San Francisco Network, the Bay Area Women's Forum, and the Peninsula Women's Network. Recognizing that trends often begin on the coasts of the United States and are then 148

This paper aims at identifying various industry specific determinants of labour productivity using a panel data analysis across 21 major industries in the organized sector of India over the period 2001-02 to 2019-20. While it is widely accepted that human capital is one of the major factors affecting productivity of labour, many findings focused on the elements of skill, education and wage of human capital as the key drivers of labour productivity. However, increasing flexibility in labour market regulations has led to paradigm shift in the employment pattern with growing influx of contractualization of workforce as well as changes in the production process with increasing digitalization of work in the industrial sector. Thus, this paper explores the effect of certain industry specific determinants on the workers' productivity in the selected organized industries of India. Panel regression has been used and the results show that capital intensiveness of the industry, industry size, wage per worker, profit and welfare benefits have statistically significant positive impact on workers' productivity while trade union activity, contractualization of workforce and digitalization have negative impact on workers' productivity.

Considering the work of language-centered performance art, this paper draws upon practice-led research into durational writing activities in my performance practice. I will explore the task of live writing through graphic mark making and phonic mouthings using two performances, NAPE (2013) and SCAW (2014), that were presented in the context of contemporary performance art. I will develop an area of poetic practice that focuses on live unsighted writing and durational sound poetry as task-based actions that bring attention to the poetics of performance art. In NAPE, a 6 hour install-action, I worked with actions of unsighted, semi-automatic writing as a task-based activity that resulted in illegible and partly-legible visual writing. In SCAW, an 8 hour performance, I presented repetitive phonic explorations of single word utterances for 3 hours. The permutational nature of this live writing (graphic and phonic) investigates an unconventional approach to poetry where writing, reading, speaking and listening are located within a visual art context. Drawing upon the theories of and practices of Bob Cobbing, Craig Dworkin, Steve McCaffery, Johanna Drucker & Kristine Stiles, this paper will position language-centered performance art in parallel to contemporary poetry.

This study examines the barriers South African youth with disabilities face in moving from secondary school to higher education and employment. It highlights low matric pass rates and employment, caused by systemic issues like inaccessible infrastructure and stigma. The research recommends improved support services, inclusive education, and stronger partnerships to create better opportunities for disabled youth.

This study examines the main and comparative features, concerning different levels of national economic vulnerability of Latin American and the Caribbean nations. The period under revision is from 2000 to 2005. It contains a qualified approach based on cluster analysis, which in turn is founded on delimiting divisions by means of standard deviations. The main objective of this article is to establish to what degree Latin American and the Caribbean nations have margin of macroeconomic manoeuvre, within their short and medium term conditions. Results show the best positioned countries regarding this issue are those which have been able to combine, a wellorganized macroeconomic management, with high external revenues, either derived from financial services, tourism and investments (Bahamas) or tourism and oil exports (Trinidad and TobagoEl estudio reportado abordó lo que se consideran son las características principales y comparativas, concernientes a la vulnerabilidad de las economías...

Unemployment, particularly among India's youth, presents a persistent challenge, despite the country's demographic advantage as the world's largest young nation. This study explores the dynamics of unemployment, focusing on the mismatch between job creation and the rapidly growing workforce. The issue is particularly acute in rural areas, where a large portion of the population remains unemployed or underemployed, exacerbated by a lack of employable skills and limited educational opportunities. India's workforce, despite its size, faces significant skill gaps, limiting its ability to meet the demands of an evolving economy. This paper examines the root causes of unemployment in India, highlighting the role of education, skills, and entrepreneurial capabilities in determining employment outcomes. The study also assesses various government initiatives aimed at tackling unemployment, such as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), which guarantees 100 days of unskilled work to rural households, and other self-employment
programs that aim to promote entrepreneurship and skill development. The findings underscore the need for enhanced vocational training, better alignment between education and industry requirements, and increased awareness of government schemes that support employment. In particular, rural regions require targeted strategies to develop nonagricultural sectors and create sustainable job opportunities. Collaborative efforts between government, private sectors, and educational institutions are crucial to addressing the unemployment crisis. By investing in skill development, fostering entrepreneurship, and improving access to quality education, India can effectively utilize its demographic dividend, ensuring a more inclusive and sustainable economic future.

Drawing on a synthesis of scholarly literature, empirical research, and industry best practices, this article provides an analysis of the multifaceted approach required to achieve gender equity in engineering through talent management practices. The article, therefore, investigates innovative talent management strategies for fostering gender equity within engineering organisations. It also underscores the importance of organisational culture in enabling the effective implementation of talent management strategies. Consequently, fostering an atmosphere of inclusivity, equity, and respect is crucial to establishing a setting where women feel appreciated, encouraged, and equipped to achieve. Thus, by aligning talent management practices with organisational values and objectives, engineering organisations can foster a culture of gender equity that drives innovation, collaboration, and sustainable growth. The research followed a quantitative approach. Questionnaires were used to gather data, which were then analysed using one-way between-group MA-NOVAs and descriptive statistics. Moreover, by proactively identifying and developing high-potential female talent, organisations can cultivate a leadership cadre that reflects the gender diversity of their workforce. This do not only enhances organisational performance, but also delivers a powerful message regarding the organisation's commitment to gender equity and inclusion.

Measurement Value References How to use the attribute movements to compute mobility? • cardinal attribute: just aggregate the xs? • don't have to use natural cardinalisation to value the xs • could use a simple transformation to "revalue" the x s Alternative: use the distribution to revalue the income classes • for example use N 0 (x k ) := ∑ k h=1 n 0 h , k = 1, ..., K • number in or below class k using distribution at t 0 Suppose sizes n 0 1 , ..., n 0 K at t 0 change to n 1 1 , ..., n 1 K at t 1 • Revaluing the income classes: N 1 (S k ) := ∑ k h=1 n 1 h , k = 1, ..., K

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Abstract
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 is a groundbreaking federal statute prohibiting sex-based discrimination in federally supported educational programs and activities. This law has fundamentally reshaped the landscape of American educational and extracurricular programs, notably enhancing the accessibility and inclusivity of women and girls in athletic and academic pursuits. While Title IX has been pivotal in expanding opportunities and reducing gender disparities, it has also encountered criticism concerning its effects on certain men's sports programs. My analysis supports that Title IX has successfully increased female participation, especially in collegiate sports. Evidence from the American Association of University Women indicates a remarkable surge, over 600%, in female college sports participation since the enactment of Title IX. This remarkable growth has furthered gender equality by ensuring equitable access to training, competitive opportunities, and scholarships for women. To illustrate, the number of women participating in college sports rose from fewer than 30,000 in 1971-1972 to over 190,000 by 2010-2011. This increase highlights the effectiveness of Title IX in promoting gender parity within collegiate athletics.

Sosyal girisimciler, toplumsal sorunlarin cozumu konusunda inovasyoner ve oncu durumundadirlar. Ozellikle son donemlerde, sosyal girisimciler toplumsal sorunlara cozum olma noktasinda devlet ve ozel sektor disinda yeni bir sektor yaratmis bulunmaktadir. Bu realitenin dogal sonucu olarak sosyal girisimcilik konusunda dunyada akademik cevrelerce pek cok calisma yapilmaktadir. Ancak yapilan literatur taramasi neticesinde Turk literaturunde konuyla ilgili yeterli calismaya rastlanmamistir. Sosyal girisimciler saglik, cevre, insan haklari gibi konularda bir problemden yola cikarak sosyal etki, surdurulebilirlik ve inovasyon temelinde projeler gerceklestirerek sosyal donusum saglamaktadirlar. Sosyal girisimciler yerel donusumun lideri durumundadirlar ancak kuresellesme olgusunun her alanda kendini hissettirdigi gunumuz dunyasinda sosyal girisimcilik baglaminda da dunyaya eklemlenmek kacinilmaz gorunmektedir. Kuresel duzeyde faaliyet gosteren ilk sosyal girisimcilik ornegi Ashoka’dir. Asho...

This study aims to explore the background of the Sudanese crisis and its political and military developments, identify the prominent actors in it, and the methods and techniques of its media treatment through the program "Behind the News" on Al Jazeera channel. This is done by delving into the topics focused on and addressing them in different details in form and content, as well as analyzing the adopted journalistic templates and persuasive arts employed to attract the audience's interest towards the issue. Additionally, it presents the program's objectives, its positions towards the crisis, and the proposed solutions to solve it in order to reveal the extent of its commitment to neutrality, objectivity, and necessary inclusiveness towards the local, Arab, and global public opinion. Finally, the study compares the slogans adopted by Al Jazeera channel with its media agenda in handling the Sudanese crisis.

Weimar Cumhuriyeti (1918Cumhuriyeti ( -1933)), özellikle kadınların oy hakkı açısından Alman tarihinde önemli bir dönüm noktası olmuştur. Bu dönem, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğine yönelik önemli ilerlemelerin kaydedildiği bir dönem olmuşsa da, aynı zamanda, kadınların tam eşitliğini engelleyen geleneksel rol modelleri de varlığını sürdürmüştür. Monarşiden cumhuriyete geçiş, kadınlara oy hakkının tanınması da dahil olmak üzere önemli sosyal değişimleri beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu makale, Weimar Cumhuriyeti'nde kadınların oy hakkının gelişimine, bununla ilgili ilerleme ve aksaklıklara ışık tutmakta ve özgürleşme hareketine önemli katkılarda bulunan Clara Zetkin gibi önde gelen kadın hakları aktivistlerine bir göz atmaktadır. Bir bakıma, kadın hareketinin her zaman ilerici-liberal fikirler ve sol ideolojilerle yakından bağlantılı olması eşyanın tabiatında vardır ve Almanya'da kadın hakları için mücadele ve savunuculuk, özellikle Sosyal Demokrat Parti (SPD) ve başka sosyal demokrat ve sosyalist partilerle ilişkilidir. Weimar Cumhuriyeti gibi monarşiden cumhuriyete geçiş olan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin kuruluşunun da benzer yönleri var ve kadın konusuna dair en önemli dönüm noktalara da burada kısaca değinmek gerekmektedir. Örneğin: 3 Mart 1924'te halifeliğin kaldırılması, 20 Nisan 1924'te yeni anayasa, 1925'te şapka reformu, 1926'da İsviçre Medeni Kanunu'nu örnek alan bir medeni kanunun yürürlüğe girmesi veya 3 Nisan 1930'da, 1934'te kadınların genel oy hakkına hazırlık olarak yerel düzeyde kadınlara aktif ve pasif oy hakkı tanınması gibi.

This study examines the problem of dichotomy between higher education and job opportunity in Kerala. Higher education is important for social and economic development and it contributes to selfsustaining growths. In Kerala performance in the field of education is widely recognized and reached at its bottom. But the quality of higher education in Kerala questioned many times. It is widely held that there has been a drastic decline in the quality of higher education to unacceptable levels, and such a poor quality education will not contribute to development. Another important issue noticed that, in Kerala the number of educated unemployment is very high, especially among women. According to the latest NSSO data (2011-12), the female working participation rate in Kerala is 24.8 percent and that of male is 57.8 percent. This study try to attempt to find out the problem of quality of higher education in Kerala and also try to investigate the problem of educated unemployment among women ,to accomplish this purpose, the researcher engaged both quantitative and qualitative methodology, with secondary source as an instrument of data collection. Based on the data analysis it was found that, in Kerala number of women were highly educated and qualified. But they are unemployed because of many reasons. And in Kerala the quantity of education is only increased but not the quality.

This paper provides an updated analysis of the factors influencing women's aspirations for executive roles, building on prior research that examined gender disparities in leadership. The dataset consists of responses from 600 female professionals collected over five years, now utilized for advanced AI-driven insights. By applying machine learning techniques, including Random Forest, Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, and Clustering, this study presents a refined understanding of the determinants of female participation in decisionmaking roles. The findings challenge prior assumptions that leadership charisma and employer branding are strong predictors of career advancement, revealing instead that workplace and socioeconomic factors have nuanced and varied effects. Additionally, the study identifies three distinct career aspiration clusters among female professionals, emphasizing the need for tailored policy interventions. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research, including AI-driven predictive career modeling and deeper sector-specific analyses.

Sciences inbjuder lärare och forskare att publicera resultat från forsknings-och utvecklingsarbeten. Bidrag välkomnas. Det kan handla om teoretiska frågeställningar som studier och utvärderingar av sociala förändringsprocesser, forskning om arbetslivet, om utbildning och lärande, relationer mellan välfärdsorganisationer och medborgare och om olika gruppers och individers situation. En mängd ämnesområden och olika perspektiv är således tänkbara. Skriftserien omfattar forskningsrapporter och arbetsrapporter. Manuskript lämnas till redaktören som lämnar vidare för granskning. För forskningsrapporter gäller ett granskningsförfarande som sköts av professorer och ämnesföreträdare vid MDH. Externa granskare kan tillkomma. För arbetsrapporter gäller seminariebehandling före publicering. Varje författare är själv ytterst ansvarig för skriftens vetenskapliga kvalitet.

The stagnant nature of economic development and rapid population growth of most of the developing countries makes effective and efficient service delivery difficult for governments, to satisfy the need of their residents. Housing is one of the basic necessities for human survival; despite it remains for long period as a critical problem of most of the cities of developing countries. This is the main feature of Addis Ababa, which is the capital city of Ethiopia. Housing supply of the last 30-40 years could not cope to the fast raise need. In addition the government tenure system drives more than 40% of the housing stock to non-reparable and inhabitable state. The availability of basic infrastructural facilities and amenities is also very limited. The paper deals with analysing the existing shelter situation of the city to identify and analyse the main causes of housing problem so as to develop action plan to implement the proposed strategies, that are believed, enable to bring about a change in the situation and living standard of the low income families. Accordingly, in addition to the ongoing actions taken by the city Administration, increasing the availability of financial resource, and reducing construction cost by motivating beneficiaries to participate in financial and labour contribution are some of the proposals recommended by the paper. For the purpose of this paper the concept "Poor or Low Income Households" is used to refer to those households that can not be embraced in the ongoing housing development program that is executed by the city administration and private sector. Here particular attention is given to households who need assistance to fill the gap that could not be covered by their income so as to build their shelter.

La letteratura ha segnalato i benefici fisici e psicologici dell’esercizio in acqua per gli anziani; tuttavia, pochissimi studi hanno analizzato come essi percepiscano questa attivita. Questo studio si e proposto di esplorare le percezioni dell’anziano, cosa lo porta a iscriversi a un corso di acquagym e a continuare a frequentarlo. Coerentemente con la finalita della ricerca, abbiamo optato per il metodo della Grounded Theory. Lo studio si e svolto in tre piscine dell’area urbana di Milano e comuni limitrofi. Sono state intervistate 40 donne (eta 72.4􀀀5.8, media􀀀SD), delle quali 30 partecipavano attivamente alle attivita e 10 le avevano interrotte. “Vivere l’esperienza della leggerezza” e risultata la core category emergente dalle prime 30. Questa percezione e stata associata a tre principali fattori: scoprire un corpo piu leggero durante l’esercizio in acqua, sperimentare benessere sociale e considerare l’insegnante come unico e insostituibile. Le donne hanno apprezzato l’esercizi...

This review examines twenty years of research (1985 to 2005) on African-American students in science education. This analysis identified three types of research studies on African-Americans. First, a series of studies provided status reports of African-American students' performance in science. Second, a series of studies highlighted cultural discontinuities that existed between African-American students and the culture of science classrooms. A third series of studies called for the identification of cultural continuities that exist between African-American students' culture and science. The results of this review implicated scholars' failure to thoroughly explore the relationship between students' language, identity, and their influence on science learning. This review concludes with an analysis of how scholarship on African-Americans in science would benefit from incorporating a theoretical perspective that values the influence of African-American students' language practices on science learning. Research on African-Americans in Science 3 "Ultimately, research on the discourse of science and African-American students suffers from the same oversight. that is accessible to all.

Interview for Norwegian paper Klassekampen about the key Ukraine's mobilization problem:

"A popular explanation is the inadequacy of weapons provided by the US and Europe. Another explanation highlights the fact that it is practically impossible to demobilize; if you are conscripted, you must serve until the end of the war or until you are injured or killed – or until you desert, explains Ishchenko.
“Many Ukrainians fear that indefinite service is tantamount to a one-way ticket to the front,” The New York Times wrote in October.
But Ishchenko and his team are promoting a different explanatory model. And the key words in their analysis are the state and class.
– Our research shows Ukraine as a post-Soviet state with low legitimacy among its citizens, a state that has provided less and less in terms of pensions, health and infrastructure for over 30 years – a state that is distancing itself from its people, a state that cannot be trusted, Ishchenko elaborates."

Le présent article s'interroge sur la possible contribution de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure à l'élaboration du nouveau modèle de développement. Grâce à sa vocation pédagogique, l'Ecole Normale peut jouer un rôle crucial dans l'adaptation de notre système pédagogique aux enjeux du nouveau modèle de développement. Et ce sur les deux axes de son activité : la formation des cadres pédagogiques et la recherche scientifique et pédagogique centrée sur l'économie du savoir et les questions de l'éducation et de la formation.

This study informs healthcare approaches to gender-based family violence through focus groups with Jordanian women. The authors conducted a thematic qualitative analysis of 12 focus groups among 70 married, divorced, or widowed women about their experiences and beliefs regarding family violence. Five themes relevant to healthcare providers were identified. Three of the themes addressed participant-perceived causes of gender-based family violence: 1) unmet gender role expectations, 2) stigma and social norms, and 3) extended family roles. The fourth theme reflects effects on victims. The fifth theme reflects protective qualities and help seeking behaviors. The themes identified in the analysis reveal multiple ways that gender-based family violence can contribute to health problems and that it can be kept secret by Jordanian women as patients. Potential clues are described for the violence which may not be typically explored in a medical encounter. Additional ways that Jordanian families may seek help from other family or clergy instead of police and family violence agencies are described. Implications of these results for healthcare providers who care both for Jordanians and Arab immigrants in Western cultures are discussed.

Managers are crucial for an organization to be able to operate effectively and on time. Senior manag
ers are critical because they handle other managers in the management hierarchy.
In this study, the concepts of manager and senior manager are explained and the number of manager
s working in the central organizations of various ministries is examined.
The total number of employees and managers in the central organizations of the three selectedminist
ries was determined. The number of employees in the central organization was calculated by propor
tioning the number of managers to the number of employees. The study aims to ascertain the
employee-to-manager ratio and compare the situations across various government departments.
Considering that the number of managers is not directly related to their authority, weights were
calculated for each management staff using the AHP method. Then, number of weighted managers
was divided by the number of employees. After than the number of employees per manager was
found. 
Based on the findings, it was observed that the authorities with more managers in the management
staff had more employees per person. In order to find out whether the high number of managers is
related to the number of employees per manager, pairwise correlations of these data were calculated.
The findings reveal that an increase in the number of managers within the senior management staff
corresponds to a rise in the number of employees per manager.

What are the predictors of rights guarantees at the level of individual countries? We examine this question within the context of what factors lead certain countries, but not others, to have legislation prohibiting sexual orientation discrimination in the workplace between 1972 and 2002. In the theoretical framework, a combination of domestic forces (past inclusion of minorities, culture, and democratic conditions) and global trends (regulation by supranational bodies and globalization) predict guarantees of rights. To test the theory, generalized estimating equation time-series cross-sectional analyses are performed on data from 161 countries. The results, which are robust to changes in model specification and alternative measurement schemes, confirm our key hypotheses. We conclude by discussing the implications of this research for the study of rights generally.