Early Medieval Period

The origins of the early medieval Magyars who appeared in the Carpathian Basin by the end of the 9th century CE remain incompletely understood. Previous archaeogenetic research identified the newcomers as migrants from the Eurasian steppe. However, genome-wide ancient DNA from putative source populations has not been available to test alternative theories of their precise source. We generated genome-wide ancient DNA data for 131 individuals from archaeological sites in the Ural region in northern Eurasia, which are candidates for the source based on historical, linguistic, and archaeological evidence. Our results tightly link the Magyars to people of the early medieval Karayakupovo archaeological horizon on both the European and Asian sides of the southern Urals. The ancestors of the people of the Karayakupovo archaeological horizon were established in the broader Urals by the Late Iron Age, and their descendants persisted in the VolgaKama region until at least the 14th century.

Archaeological research, which has been conducted intensively in the former Czechoslovakia since the mid 20 th century, has produced a large amount of analog data. Contemporary archaeology aims to connect this data with the up-to-date documentation and post-processing methods. Poster presents our methodology of merging older documentations with recent excavations of the sites Mikulčice-Valy and Bernolákovo-Šakoň.

Arkaeologi og naturvidenskab -fremmede, bekendte, flirtende, aegtefaeller, skilt….eller lidt af det hele Jeanette Varberg* Står arkaeologien i skyggen af naturvidenskaben? Anmeldelse Ole Thirup Kastholm Trods skriveborde og eksperimenter -spørgsmålet om jernalderens udspaendte både er stadig ubesvaret *Fagfaellebedømt artikel Foreningen af Fagarkaeologer

Comprehensive archaeological assessment of an early mediaeval location in Lahovice-Prague 5 included revision and paleopathological analysis of skeletal material yielded by initial research carried out under the guidance of B. Soudský and Z. Krumphanzlová in 1954–1960. Although the majority of the remains were badly preserved, a series of skeletons representing an early mediaeval village population consisting of 400 individuals has provided important morphometric, demographic and paleopathological data suitable for comparison with other contemporaneous burial grounds in Bohemia, Moravia and the rest of Europe. Interesting pathological finds include some inbred anomalies, artificial interference with skulls and slashed skulls. The low occurrence of fractures may not correspond with reality; figures could be distorted by the bad condition of the skeletal remains.

Abstract. Female dress of the 1st–5th centuries in the Southeastern Baltic is an important source for studying the region’s material culture. According to the burials of the Kaliningrad (Sambian) Peninsula, Western Lithuania and Northern Poland, it was represented by on of variants of European barbarian dress. The formation of local identity was significantly influenced by items of mass import (glass beads) and objects of prestige culture.

Работа посвящена анализу культурного слоя и материалов, полученных в ходе работ, проведенных в Зарайске за пределами укреплений кирпичного кремля и деревянного острога в 2024 г.
Рассмотрена история освоения Новой Ильинской слободки от момента ее появления в 1612 г. до пожара 1774 г., после которого застройка города была изменена.

Theban tomb no. 84 was originally built for Iamunedjeh, first royal herald under the reign of Thutmose III, but already one generation later, it was appropriated by Mery, high priest of Amun under Amenhotep II and owner of TT 95. The change in the tomb owner’s identity is reflected in the inscriptions of TT 84: Iamunedjeh’s and his wife’s names and titles were often substituted by Mery’s and his mother’s. The decoration of the tomb reveals a complex picture with several stages and patterns of intervention. This paper, which was originally published in English in the Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale in 2024, gives an overview of the different scenarios and investigates the rationale behind their distribution in the given spatial context. With the help of a detailed analysis of the available epigraphic data, the study aims at bringing us closer to some of the intentions and priorities of the actors who—as either decision makers or executors—were involved in the process of adapting the textual program of the tomb to its new owner’s identity.

mości bibliograficzne i sygnatury archiwalne pozostałych znanych odcisków, ułatwiające prowadzenie dalszych badań. Korpus średniowiecznych pieczęci francuskich, czerpiąc z dziewiętnastowiecznego, a nieraz i starszego dorobku, pokazuje, jak ważną i ciągle aktualną potrzebą jest edycja źródeł historycznych w nowoczesnym wydaniu. Przewijającym się gdzieniegdzie życzeniem Wydawców była wysoka estetyka wydawnictwa i przyjemność, płynąca dla czytelnika z zapoznawania się za jego pośrednictwem ze średniowiecznymi pieczęciami. Mimo że życzenie to padło ofiarą kpin recenzenta, kończąc rozważania, trzeba przyznać bez cienia ironii, że cel ten jak najbardziej udało się osiągnąć.

This thesis tracks the cultural, epigraphical, and artistic traces left by the Scandinavians, who were ascendant within the Byzantine world between the 9th and the 12th centuries, and their military action. Whereas the Scandinavians in the Empire had been typically mentioned simply as Byzantine imperial bodyguards within the historiography of Byzantium, the Scandinavians, within the present work, are analyzed within the context of personal searches for memory and group demonstrations for collective consciousness. Thesis examines how the Scandinavians expressed their presence within Byzantium with various sources, including runic graffiti at Hagia Sophia, graffiti of ships, iconographic scenes, and epichoric discoveries of weapons. The study depicts how the graffiti are not merely spatial leftovers, but signs of personal memory as well. Scandinavian warriors in the frescoes reflect how Byzantine society regarded the soldiers, and arms are signs of identity and status. In this context, the thesis not only studies the Byzantine-Scandinavian relations but inter-boundary-society relations, the diffusion of culture, and the interrelation between the historical memory and space. The Scandinavians' imprint upon Byzantium is an echo not only of the military presence but also of the desire to inscribe their cultural signs in a lasting way.

This article presents the fifth copperplate inscription explicitly mentioning Sasaoka, who was king of Gauda in the first quarter of the seventh century Ce. Formulated in Sanskrit prose, this document belongs to the class of land-sale grants, and concerns the purchase and donation of a village called Kumudavillika in year 8 of Sasaoka's reign. Among points of interest are the occurrence of the otherwise unknown term naumahattara and the use of the karxapapa as a currency unit.

This article summarises the results of excavations at the Kalai Hissor site, located in the Baysuntau piedmonts of Surxondaryo Province, southern Uzbekistan. A stratigraphic section was excavated, establishing the site's chronology. Two primary occupation phases were identified: the Early Medieval period (6th-8th century CE, designated as Phase III) and the High Medieval period (11th-early 13th century CE, designated as Phase II). Between these phases, the site remained uninhabited-a timeline corroborated by radiocarbon dating. During the Early Medieval occupation, the settlement was fortified with substantial defensive structures. Excavations yielded a variety of artifacts from both phases, including a notable assemblage of red-painted pottery and other ceramic types. Ceramic typologies for each Medieval phase were established based on these materials.

The idea of the Nordic nations as champions of gender equality is firmly rooted in today’s perceptions of society. But how does such a modern comprehension influence our views of history? Does our understanding of gender impact on how we see the past? And do the ways in which we gender the past have an effect on our present identities?

From the Stone Age to the Early Modern period, and from warriors and queens to households and burials, this groundbreaking volume draws together research conducted as part of the project Gendering the Nordic Past, an inter-Nordic collaboration aimed at (re)evaluating and revitalizing the field of gender studies in the region. The chapters gathered in this volume, contributed by archaeologists and historians, theologians, art historians, and specialists in gender studies, aim to offer novel perspectives on the ways in which we gender the past. While many of the chapters focus explicitly on the Nordic countries, comparisons are also drawn with other regions in order to provide both internal and external views on the role of the collective past in present Nordic identities. The result, presented here, is an essential dialogue into the importance of gender in creating and maintaining past identities, as well as a new understanding of how the identities that we construct for the past can relate to heritage narratives.

The article discusses the potential in moving from ”being
a town” to ”doing a town”, introducing some theoretical concepts and
arguments from social practice theory. The last part of the article looks
into the analytical possibilities which can be gained from this approach
by using the medieval urban harbours in Trondheim and Oslo as an
example of a social practice, a place where people, material, competence
and meaning met and entangled into complex practice patterns which
in its turn made an impact, directly and/or indirectly, on the medieval
”urban way of life”.

доцент, Ўзбекистон жаҳон тиллари университети Сагдуллаев Анатолий Сагдуллаевич тарих фанлари доктори, профессор, академик, Ўзбекистон Миллий университети Бобожонова Дилором Бобожонова тарих фанлари доктори, профессор, Ўзбекистон жаҳон тиллари университети Юнусова Хуршида Эркиновна тарих фанлари доктори, профессор, Ўзбекистон Миллий университети Аширов Адҳам Азимбаевич тарих фанлари доктори, профессор, ЎзР ФА Тарих институти Агзамова Гулчеҳра Азизовна тарих фанлари доктори, профессор, ЎзР ФА Тарих институти Бурдиашвили Майя тарих фанлари доктори, Телави давлат университети Кожакеева Ляззат Темировна тарих фанлари доктори, доцент, Хотин-қизлар давлат педагогика университети Аминова Азиза Марксовна тарих фанлари доктори, доцент, Навоий давлат педагогика институти Ульжаева Шохистахон Мамажоновна тарих фанлари доктори, Тошкент ирригация ва кишлок хужалигини механизациялаш мухандислари институти Миллий тадкикот университети Худайқулов Тулқин Дўстбобоевич Тарих фанлари доктори (DSc) Шаҳрисабз далат педагогика институти Ғоффоров Шокир Сафарович тарих фанлари доктори, профессор Самарқанд давлат университети Эргашева Юлдуз Алимовна Тарих фанлари доктори, профессор, Қарши муҳандислик-иқтисодиёт институти Халикова Раҳбар Эргашевна тарих фанлари доктори, профессор, Тошкент давлат техника университети Ишанходжаева Замира Райимовна тарих фанлари доктори, профессор, Ўзбекистон Миллий университети Эшов Боходир Жўраевич тарих фанлари доктори, профессор Қарши давлат университети Маҳкамова Надира Рахмановна тарих фанлари доктори, профессор, Тошкент ахборот технологиялари университети Кебадзе Мадонна тарих фанлари доктори, Телави давлат университети Абдуллаева Яхшибека Атамуратовна тарих фанлари доктори, доцент, Нукус давлат педагогика институти Мустафаева Нодира Абдуллаевна тарих фанлари доктори Ўзбекистон Фанлар академияси Ерметов Аваз Абдуллаевич тарих фанлари доктори, профессор, Ўзбекистон Миллий университети Хайдаров Ғайратбек Мирзапўлатович тарих фанлари доктори, профессор, Андижон давлат университети Расулов Абдуллажон Нуриддинович тарих фанлари доктори, профессор Наманган давлат университети Ковалев Борис Николаевич тарих фанлари доктори, профессор Санкт-Петербург Тарих институти Кобзева Ольга Петровна тарих фанлари доктори, профессор, Ўзбекистон Миллий университети Ауанасова Алима Мусировна тарих фанлари доктори, профессор, Қозоғистон давлат тарихи институти Бегалинова Калимаш Капсамаровна фалсафа фанлари доктори, профессор, Қозоғистон Миллий университети Хайдаров Муродилла Махмуталиевич тарих фанлари доктори, профессор, Ўзбекистон Миллий университети Тожибоев Музаффар Турдибоевич тарих фанлари доктори, профессор, ИИВ Академияси Алиева Лале тарих фанлари доктори, Озарбайжон давлат университети Саипова Камола Давляталиевна тарих фанлари доктори, доцент, Ўзбекистон Миллий университети Исмаилова Алмаз тарих фанлари доктори, Доғистон мустақил университети Иноятова Диларам Маниглиевна Тарих фанлари доктори (DSc), профессор Ўзбекистон Миллий университети Таниева Гулдона Мамановна тарих фанлари доктори, в.б.профессор, Низомий номидаги Ўзбекистон Миллий педагогока университети

En los últimos años del s. XIX y principios del XX el estudio de la interacción entre la materia y las ondas electromagnéticas llevó a la formulación de importantes problemas cuya resolución condujo a una concepción nueva de la física que rige el comportamiento de los átomos: la Física Cuántica. Los tres fenómenos que dieron las pistas para la formulación de la Física Cuántica tenían relación con la absorción y/o emisión de ondas electromagnéticas por los átomos que constituyen la materia:  Análisis del espectro de emisión de un cuerpo negro.

I samband med en omläggning av kyrkogårdsmuren runt Estuna kyrka, Uppland,
2024 påträffades ett runstensfragment (Figur 1). Fragmentet saknar runor, men av
ornamentiken och huggningen framgår att det har utgjort en del av en runsten eller
ett tidigkristet gravmonument.

Apollinaris, bishop of Valence, was the brother of the famous Avitus of Vienne, but his biography is practically limited by that. Apollinaris was canonized in Merovingian times, and the only source that can expand our knowledge is the Life of Apollinaris. This hagiographical text about the last years of the life of Apollinaris reached our time. The Life was first published in the 17 th century and was considered a reliable Merovingian text, but in the 19 th century, the German researcher B. Krusch suggested that it was a Carolingian forgery. In this connection it is necessary to analyse the authenticity of the Life and the relevance of the information it contains about the bishop's own personal history and cult.  A critical analysis of the Life, along with verification of its dating and the reliability of the data concerning the time of the saint's lifetime, has enabled the refutation of B. Krusch's arguments, which asserted that the text was a Carolingian forgery. The author compiled the text in the first person and adequately reflected the realities of the early sixth century. The Life was written by a contemporary who personally accompanied the saint on his journey to Arles and Marseilles. This trip was made after the Burgundian king Sigismund was overthrown in 523, when the Gallic prefecture of the Ostrogothic kingdom took over Provence up to the Isere River. Since, according to the Life, Apollinaris died soon after this journey, it is possible to assume that the death of the saint himself occurred around 524-525. The Life of Apollinaris is a reliable source and is an example of Merovingian hagiography of the mid-6th century. This text allows us to reconstruct the last years of Apollinaris' life and to determine the time of his bishopric as 490/491-524/525. In addition, the Life demonstrates that the cult of St. Apollinaris began to develop immediately after the saint's death.

This paper deals with the history of the study of early medieval sculptures of Altai, which dates back more than two hundred years. They conditionally distinguish three periods in their study: 1 – the beginning of the XVIII – 60-s of the XIX century; 2 – 1860s – 1920s; 3 – 1920s – up to the present. If in the first period the participants of ore-prospecting parties and the first natural-scientific expeditions simply recorded stone sculptures, the second period is marked by the first archaeological excavations of memorial enclosures, sketches and publications of sculptures. The third, modern stage is characterized by large-scale and systematic archaeological works, their state funding, foundation of research organizations. It was during this period that the largest amount of statues was discovered, the number of which today is 320. Despite the long history of the study of Altai statues, it is necessary to keep working on various aspects in the interpretation of early medieval sculptures and memorial sites: their semantics, the costume of Turkic-speaking nomads, the identification of female statues, the tradition of placing votive, non-functional things in memorial enclosures etc.

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Este trabajo presenta una reconstrucción histórica y conceptual del proceso de descubrimiento del electrón, desde los primeros experimentos con la electrólisis hasta las determinaciones cuantitativas de su carga y masa. A través del análisis de las investigaciones de científicos como Faraday, Stoney, Perrin, Thomson y Millikan, se expone cómo la física experimental y la química convergieron en el reconocimiento del electrón como partícula elemental de la materia.

Кремация является наиболее распространенным погребальным обрядом в индуизме. В его общей структуре прослеживается преемственность с ведийских времен до современности. Вместе с тем отдельные элементы ритуала имеют очень большую локальную, этнокастовую и конфессиональную вариативность. Статья посвящена описанию и анализу элементов обряда кремации, совершаемого индуистским населением г. Агра в кремационном центре Таджганж. В процессе подготовки тела к кремации его омывают водой из р. Ямуны, смазывают топленым сливочным маслом и посыпают хаван самагри (смесь трав для проведения ритуалов). В ходе сжигания тела участники обряда и работники крематория минимально вмешиваются в процесс, лишь поддерживая огонь. На следующий день после кремации проводится обряд, во время которого собирают кости и предлагают душе усопшего воду, благовония, пищу и напитки. Следует отметить, что работники крематория вовлечены в проведение погребального обряда на всех его этапах, начиная со складывания костра и подготовки тела и заканчивая предложением духу усопшего пищи. Ритуалы кремации, проводимые индуистским населением Агры, демонстрируют упрощение обрядовой составляющей, связанной с чтением мантр. Основной акцент в ритуальных действиях сделан на манипуляции с останками и костром. Наиболее детализированы элементы церемонии, направленные на обеспечение усопшему посмертного благополучия. Наблюдаемый нами в Агре современный погребальный обряд в значительной степени имеет утилитарный характер.

Fensalarna ("sumpsalarna") som enligt Snorre har varit "mycket förnämligt", har jämförts med gudinnan Nerthus ö. Det är troligt att från dem har menats Lidingö (Lady's/ledarinnans ö, gudinnans ö) och Stockholms skärgård. Enligt forskarna var Fensalarna ("träskhusen, träskhallarna") i nordisk mytologi gudinnan Friggs ("den älskades") boning i Asgård. Trots att läget inte verkar vara det mest hemtrevliga kallar Snorre huset för "mycket förnämligt". Det skulle kunna tyda på en källkult, men det är mer troligt att namnet går tillbaka till den tid då vattnets makter mottog offer i heliga sjöar. Friggs hem kan jämföras med Urds brunn och Saga i Sökkvabäck eller kulten av Nerthus.

Despite its importance for the history of the colonia of Lugdunum, the battle
of 197 and the sacking of the city have never benefited from an in-depth
archaeological analysis devoted to the remains they may have left in the
ground. This contribution focuses in particular on the militaria found in context, which has hitherto been largely neglected in discussions of the battle, even though it can sometimes be directly correlated with the confrontation, its premises or its immediate aftermath. The small items of furniture that have been preserved are also put into perspective with other discoveries mentioned in earlier publications, which have now disappeared, as well as with other usable data and sources (coins, bones, etc.). The aim is to review the sequence of events, as described in ancient texts, as well as the various hypotheses for the location of the battle that have been put forward to date. Particular attention will be paid to the Plateau de la Duchère, to the northwest of Lyon.

Knjiga predstavlja izvirno in doslej še neobjavljeno delo z jasno in celostno osvetlitvijo politične, pravne, literarne, zgodovinske in kulturne vloge kralja Sama. Združuje pet poglobljenih in najrelevantnejših sodobnih znanstvenih razprav z interdisciplinarnim pristopom o času, življenju in delovanju kralja Sama, njegovem slovanskem kraljestvu in slovanski zmagi nad frankovskim kraljem Dagobertom I. pri Wogastiburgu leta 631/632. Glede na to, da je o kralju Samu znanega malo (zgodovinarji so doslej o njem našli zgolj en relevantni zgodovinski vir, tj. Fredegarjevo kroniko), kar se rezultira v številnih interpretacijah in domnevah (ter povečani simbolni moči njegove vladavine), so razprave avtorjev v današnjem času izjemnega pomena.

Ob minuli 1400. obletnici začetka njegove vladavine se knjiga z izbranimi poglavji vrača k odgovorom (ali ponekod deloma vsaj njihovim poskusom) na številna in raznovrstna temeljna vprašanja: Kdo je bil kralj Samo? Kje je bilo središče njegovega kraljestva, kako obsežno je bilo in kakšno notranjo strukturo je imelo? Kje je bil Wogastiburg? V kakšnem prostoru in času je deloval? So bili vanj vključeni tudi Slovani vzhodnoalpskega prostora? Kako so v tedanjem slovanskem jeziku naslavljali kralja Sama, od kod izvira njegovo ime in ali je bilo ime Samo resnično slovanskega izvora? Kakšne so bile novoveške in sodobne predstave polihistorjev (in njihovih zgodovinskih del) o vladarju Samu med 15. in 18. stoletjem? Kako se projicira slika Samovega imperija v češki in deloma slovaški sodobni znanstveni in drugi (poljudni) literaturi? Kakšen pomen ima njegovo vladanje za današnji čas?

Avtorji poglavij so ugledni, priznani in vrhunski slovenski in tuji strokovnjaki iz različnih institucij: dr. Peter Štih, dr. Nad'a Profantová, dr. Marko Snoj, dr. Darja Mihelič in dr. Jakub Izdný. Vsebino knjige je uredil dr. Daniel Siter, recenzirala sta jo dr. Aleš Maver in dr. Janez Mlinar. Najrelevantnejše razprave in spoznanja s svežimi uvidi (temelječimi na interdisciplinarnih pristopih) bodo koristili tako akademskemu in strokovnemu okolju (profesorjem, raziskovalcem, dijakom in študentom zlasti starejše zgodovine, arheologije ter literarne in kulturne zgodovine) kot širši javnosti in občinstvu. Študije presegajo okvirje: v kontekstu posameznih znanstvenih ved in jezikovnih, nacionalnih in institucionalnih okvirjev. Ne osvetljujejo namreč samo poznano in deloma znano, temveč nosijo temeljno spodbudo in dragocena izhodišča k nadaljnjemu iskanju virov, raziskovanju in pisanju o Samu in njegovem kraljestvu.

A SABRE, ITS ORIGIN AND TECHNICAL PRINCIPLE (A CONSULTATIVE NOTE BY VSEVOLOD ARENDT)

Vsevolod Arendt (1887–1937) is considered
one of the founders of the Russian weapons science. Having
been educated in France and in the Russian Empire, the
scientist wrote his dissertation “Russian cold weapon".
In the same year he found himself at the front of the First
World War. Dismissed from the army due to injury and
shell shock in 1917, Vsevolod Arendt continued to train
cavalrymen of the Red Army in 1919–1921. Subsequently
he held many positions in various commissions, leading
positions in the structures of the Rumyantsev Library, the
State Historical Museum and other institutions of Moscow.
In 1934 the researcher moved to Leningrad, where he
worked as a manager of the Arsenal of the State Hermitage
and as scientific secretary of the Artillery Museum. Vsevolod
Arendt was arrested in Leningrad on October 2nd 1937 on
December 14th, he was executed. He was rehabilitated 25
years later, on December 25th 1962.
Not many documents related to the scientist’s work are
known. His private archive was seized during the arrest,
its location remains unknown. It is quite likely that it
has not survived to this day. Family documents were lost
during the Siege, under which also the fate of Arendt's wife
E.I.Kozhevnikova remained unknown.
For many years the collection of the Historical Museum
holds a draft of a small note named “Saber, its origin and
technical principle (consultation note by Vsevolod Arendt).”
The date of writing preserved notes: August 1931. Most
likely, the text was created during the preparations of a 1931
exhibition at the Historical Museum named “History of
military equipment development." Below is the note and the
accompanying drawings which never saw the publication
during the tragic events of the second half of the 1930s.

www.universitypress.dk Udgivet med støtte fra Farumgaard-Fonden, Letterstedska föreningen og Lillian og Dan Finks Fond. Tab. 1. The pottery of Gyllenkrok 3, 4, 5. The number and percentages of sherds are divided by phase. Keramiken från Gyllenkrok 3, 4, 5. Skärvornas antal och procent är fördelade per fas.

According to archaeological data, starting already from prehistory the Upper Tisa Basin connected the north-eastern periphery of the Carpathian Basin to the territories situated beyond the north-eastern Carpathians. During the middle or the last third of the 6 th century, a new habitation horizon emerged in the entire region (situated in the immediate vicinity of the Gepid Kingdom and later of the Early Avar Khaganate). This habitation followed a new model, diverging from the environments specific to the Late Imperial Roman and the Early Migration Periods, and is commonly attributed to the first Slavs who reached the north-eastern extremity of the Carpathian Basin. The dwellings in the settlements stand out through the presence of stone or clay ovens, whose primary function was to heat dwellings in the cold season. Clay ovens, but also similar stone installations, are known since prehistoric times, spanning distinctive geographical areas and multiple populations. The answer to the question posed in the title is not straightforward, as there are no convincing local precedents. The drastic cooling of the climate during the middle of the 6 th century -a change which affected the entire northern hemisphere -could have led to a pragmatic solution to heat dwellings during the cold season, especially in colder regions. Precisely from this date, heated dwellings with such ovens emerge over wide areas of East-Central and Eastern Europe, from the Lower Danube to current day Belarus. Often, the late environment of the Chernyakhov (and post-Chernyakhov) culture is pinpointed as the one in which stone or clay ovens appeared inside sunken dwellings. However, this conclusion was often drawn from sites only partially published or documented, sometimes with disputable chronologies, and thus, the evidence regarding ovens needs to be tested.

Im Zuge der Neuerrichtung der Friedhofskapelle waren im Nahbereich der Pfarrkirche Hl. Georg in Neustift im Stubaital vom 2. Mai bis zum 2. Juni 2022 archäologische Untersuchungen notwendig. Dabei wurde die Umfassungsmauer des Friedhofsareals ausführlich dokumentiert und vermessen, da sie im Zuge der Bauarbeiten abgebrochen werden sollte. Im Bereich zwischen der Mauer und der letzten aktuellen Gräberreihe fanden sich in den Sondageschnitten sowie im Fundamentgraben für das projektierte Streifenfundament alte, nicht mehr markierte Bestattungen. Hier wurden insgesamt 32, zum Teil gestörte, Gräber gefunden.

Dating mortar from the building phase of the church ruin in the Museum Garden
Dating the subterranean remnants of a medieval church in the garden of Sigtuna Museum has proved an elusive task since first excavated in 1915. Three hypothetical datings have been presented: c. 1080, c. 1150–1160, and c. 1220. New radiocarbon dates (Ua-84213 & Ua-84214) of charcoal in lime mortar from the church’s building phase have, after undergoing KDE plot in OxCal v4.4.4. (Bronk Ramsey 2017 & 2021), established the building period to between 1020 and 1120. Hence, the hypothetical dating c. 1080 stand firm as most plausible.

La commune d’Optevoz a été prospectée de longue
date, avant d’être prise sous le feu des recherches
d’archéologie préventive à partir de 1997. Se dévoile
depuis lors un habitat groupé antique très structuré,
localisé en territoire allobroge, aux confins nord de la
province de Narbonnaise.
Lors d’un décapage de diagnostic, trois fragments d’une
inscription sur tegula ont été recueillis au lieu-dit « les
Verchères », au n° 480 de la rue Philippe Tassier. Un
quatrième a été mis au jour au même endroit lors de la
fouille, cette fois en position de remploi, comme élément
de calage d’un poteau (Coquidé 2015). Ces fragments,
tous issus d’une même pièce, livrent l’amorce de 10
lignes d’un texte qui constitue la troisième inscription
découverte à Optevoz. Sa publication se place dans le
sillage des travaux concernant les deux précédentes et
est ici le motif d’une imitation formelle (en terme de
description) dans l’esprit de l’article de Jean-Claude
Béal (Béal, Carrara 1997)...

This paper aims to provide a translation and commentary of Constantine Rhodius' invective against Leo Choirosphaktes, dwelling on analogies which the present poem shows with the disruptive techniques generally occurring in Constantine's scommatic production, namely the invective against Theodore Paphlagon and the poetic duel with the latter. Furthermore, the paper intends to highlight how the satiric poet exploits some historical facts related to the public offices held by Leo in order to implicitly attack him.

Spazi, opere, scritture collana diretta da / series directed by Fabio Coden www.silvanaeditoriale.it a cura di / edited by FABIO CODEN collana diretta da / series directed by Fabio Coden SEPOLTURE MEDIEVALI (IV-XV SECOLO) Spazi, opere, scritture MEDIEVAL BURIALS (4 th -15 th CENTURIES) Spaces, Artworks, Writings TOMO I L'arredo liturgico fra Oriente e Occidente (V-XV secolo) Frammenti, opere e contesti Liturgical Furnishings between East and West (5 th -15 th Centuries) Fragments, Objects, and Contexts Sepolture medievali (IV-XV secolo) Spazi, opere, scritture Medieval Burials (4 th -15 th Centuries) Spaces, Artworks, Writings SEPOLTURE MEDIEVALI (IV-XV SECOLO) Spazi, opere, scritture MEDIEVAL BURIALS (4 th -15 th CENTURIES) Spaces, Artworks, Writings TOMO I a cura di / edited by FABIO CODEN MINIMA MEDIEVALIA Collana / Series "Minima medievalia" Collana sotto il patrocinio del / Series under the patronage of

The structure described here was discovered during a 2018 preventative excavation at the southwestern outskirts of the city of Satu Mare (Satu Mare county), in an area historically characterized by the marshy terrain typical of the inferior segment of the Someş river (which also traverses the north-eastern corner of Hungary before flows into the Tisa). This preliminary analysis examines an intriguing archaeological complex  (feature 041) and invites scholarly discussion. The dwelling, devastated by an intense fire, was subsequently converted into a lighter mixed-use
structure that was inhabited, but was primarily used for economic activity. All evidence, not least the site’s inventory, featuring exclusively handmade pottery, places this settlement within a horizon representing the Earliest Slavs presence at the northeastern periphery of the Carpathian Basin, both in the Lower Someş area and throughout the Upper Tisa area.