Drugs And Addiction

Current cognitive-motivational addiction theories propose that prioritizing appetitive, reward-related information (attentional bias) plays a vital role in substance abuse behavior. Previous cross-sectional research has shown that adolescent substance use is related to reward-related attentional biases. The present study was designed to extend these findings by testing whether these reward biases have predictive value for adolescent substance use at three-year follow-up. Participants (N = 657, mean age = 16.2 yrs at baseline) were a sub-sample of Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS), a large longitudinal community cohort study. We used a spatial orienting task as a behavioral index of appetitive-related attentional processes at baseline and a substance use questionnaire at both baseline and three years follow-up. Bivariate correlational analyses showed that enhanced attentional engagement with cues that predicted potential reward and nonpunishment was positively associated with substance use (alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis) three years later. However, reward bias was not predictive of changes in substance use. A post-hoc analysis in a selection of adolescents who started using illicit drugs (other than cannabis) in the follow-up period demonstrated that stronger baseline attentional engagement toward cues of nonpunishment was related to a higher level of illicit drug use three years later. The finding that reward bias was not predictive for the increase in substance use in adolescents who already started using substances at baseline, but did show prognostic value in adolescents who initiated drug use in between baseline and follow-up suggests that appetitive bias might be especially important in the initiation stages of adolescent substance use.

Previous findings indicate a relation between mindfulness and control of alcohol use. • We examined whether action identification (AI) of alcohol use explains this relation. • Results showed that more mindful individuals reported greater control of alcohol. • Mindful individuals reported less high-level AI (instrumental drinking). • High-level AI partly mediated the relation between mindfulness and alcohol control.

Addiction is a craved feeling that originates within a person regarding a certain object. It encompasses behavioural and cognitive characteristics of the individual. The addict is always willing to sacrifice, invest anything to be attached with the addictive object. This research focuses on how the alcoholism can be traced using spiritual care of the person. The process is making the individual aware of the cognitive functioning and to understand the mentality and then avoiding the addictive behaviour through a positive spiritual care. Spirituality is carried out by constructs such as personality, cognition, culture etc. Addiction therapists tend to explore the ways and means of spirituality in addiction assessment and treatment. Spirituality can be used from the very beginning of the addiction therapeutic process. Mixed methodology issued in this research. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Therefore, this involves the secondary data collection along with an analytic approach in the discussion. A randomly selected five persons were selected in the case studies. A spirituality based therapeutic center was selected to do the case studies. The participants stayed residentially for three months. The observations and interviews were carried for six months. In the case studies it could find that spirituality-based practices such as meditation, dhamma preaching, dhamma chanting, determination pooja can be considered effective means of reducing the addictive behaviour and changes the person in a positive way. Therefore, the spiritual care can be recommended as a successful method of behavioural and cognitive changes in addictions in long term therapeutic process.

As publicações do Ipea estão disponíveis para download gratuito nos formatos PDF (todas) e EPUB (livros e periódicos). Acesse: http://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/publicacoes As opiniões emitidas nesta publicação são de exclusiva e inteira responsabilidade dos autores, não exprimindo, necessariamente, o ponto de vista do Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada ou do Ministério da Economia. É permitida a reprodução deste texto e dos dados nele contidos, desde que citada a fonte. Reproduções para fins comerciais são proibidas. Título do capítulo CAPÍTULO 5 CENTROS DE ESCUCHA EN COLOMBIA: POLÍTICAS Y ESCENARIOS PARA LA REDUCCIÓN DE DAÑOS EN COMUNIDADES LOCALES

IntroductionThe ongoing opioid overdose crisis, which has killed over 30,000 people in Canada since 2016, is driven by the volatility of an unregulated opioid drug supply comprised primarily of fentanyl. The Canadian government has recently funded safer opioid supply (SOS) programs, which include off‐label prescriptions of pharmaceutical‐grade opioids to high risk individuals with the goal of reducing overdose deaths.MethodsIn 2021, we examined the implementation and adaption of four SOS programs in Ontario. These programs use a primary care model and serve communities experiencing marginalisation. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with program clients. We present the results of a thematic analysis with the aim of describing clients' self‐reported impact of these programs on their health and well‐being.ResultsWe interviewed 52 clients between June and October 2021 (mean age 47 years, 56% men, 17% self‐identified Indigenous, 14% living with HIV). Our results indicate multif...

Background: In countries experiencing elevated rates of adolescent methamphetamine-related problems, addiction-treatment records have served as a sentinel source of data for understanding the scope and spread of methamphetamine use. In an attempt to obtain such data in a Canadian setting, we studied the 5-year trends in primary drug use among patients at the only adolescent inpatient substance-abuse treatment facility in northern British Columbia. Methods: All adolescents admitted to the hospital-based study site during the study period (N=520) completed an extensive assessment package for inclusion in their medical charts. Patients then participated in a 28-day program including cognitive-behavioral therapy, family systems therapy, and narrative ther-apy. Using the information abstracted from the medical charts after patients were discharged, we then conducted a review of all consecutive admissions (N=671) from March 2001 to December 2005. Results: The medical chart data indicated that primary methamphetaminerelated admissions to inpatient treatment increased significantly in 2003 to approximately 35% of all admissions, and that this elevated admissions rate remained relatively steady throughout 2004 and 2005. Conclusions: Primary methamphetamine use has had a significant impact on inpatient youth addiction treatment in northern British Columbia. Addiction-treatment records can serve as an important component in the surveillance of adolescent druguse trends.

Monteiro defende que o desenho de políticas públicas racionais, baseadas em avaliações consistentes do que funciona ou não funciona, é o caminho para a melhora dos serviços públicos no Brasil -exigida nas ruas nas manifestações de junho. Formada na UFRJ, com mestrado e doutorado na PUC-Rio, ela passou três anos na Harvard Kennedy School of Government, em Harvard, onde mergulhou profundamente no ambiente de pesquisas sobre desenvolvimento, em que a questão da avaliação das políticas públicas é fundamental. De volta ao Brasil, Joana, de 34 anos, tem se dedicado aos temas de juventude em risco (exposta ao envolvimento no crime e na violência) e de incentivos à eficiência do funcionalismo público. Ela vem articulando pesquisas com diversas secretarias estaduais e municipais, em áreas como educação e segurança. A seguir, a entrevista. "É preciso entender o que funciona e o que não funciona na política pública" Fernando Dantas, do Rio de Janeiro CONJUNTURA Social 46 S e te m b ro d e 2013 • Co n j u n t u r a E co n ô m i c a Foto: Elza Fiúza /ABr

Kush is killing our youth. It is a mixture that combines synthetic opioids, cannabinoids, and even human bones shaved off from some bodies. It is cheap. It is lethal. And it is everywhere. Families in Susan's Bay, Aberdeen, in Waterloo and other places watch their children slip away into addiction. Young men drop dead in the streets. Women resort to transactional sex. Bright students drop out. Communities break. Futures die. The Human Cost * A 17-year-old boy in Freetown overdosed after smoking kush that was laced with tramadol. His mother holds his school uniform and is unable to speak his name without crying. * A teenage girl at Waterloo was driven to homelessness when her parents abandoned her. Once a bright student, she now loiters the streets. * Young addicts are held in makeshift shelters by volunteers in the middle of Susan's Bay. Some are chained so that they cannot escape. Just to keep them alive, families utilize their last resources.

This chapter reviews the literature on substance abuse and prevention efforts in Native communities. The first section describes demographic characteristics of America's indigenous people, including tribal and government definitions, interaction and validation styles, and rural-urban differences. It concludes by warning that use of broad ethnic glosses to describe any ethnic group in a research venture is poor science, and that research involving American Indians must consider the cultural variations and numerous subgroups that have distinct lifeways. The second section presents an overview of the substance use and misuse field, noting that the research on prevention is very limited. Topics covered include setting, rates and patterns of substance use, etiology and correlates of use, prevention, social skills, peers, family, school-based programs, policy, community-wide efforts, community readiness, and cultural sensitivity. Conclusions drawn include: the family is central in American Indian culture and must be involved in prevention approaches; peer influence is significant, but to a lesser degree than among non-Natives; cultural identification is not directly related to substance abuse prevention, although it may be critical in treatment; many factors affecting youth in general also impact drug use among American Indian youth; much more is known about risk than about resiliency factors for American Indian youth; and evidence of the effectiveness of school-based programs is very limited. Seven recommendations are given for the advancement of prevention strategies, themes, and research among American Indians and Alaska Natives. (Contains 72 references.) (TD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.

France Info public radio reviewed a new book by Matthieu Verboud and Christophe Bouquet titled Narcotrafic, le poison de l’Europe, or Narcotraffic, the Poison in Europe.

While youngsters hooked into drug trafficking increasingly kill each other in most French cities, the book “reminds us what we sometimes forget: drug trafficking did not develop in Europe, despite individual states; it was established by a state, in this case, the Netherlands,” writes France Info.

more inclined to go away and think about it. Introverts' in-session speech may be less predictive of outcome, at least in an initial session. On the other hand, one might predict that commitment language coming from an introvert would more confidently predict subsequent behavior. An extravert may just be trying out commitment language. Falling at the monastic end of the E-I continuum, I am inclined to think things through rather thoroughly before I write something. Even more than speech, writing holds a daunting kind of finality for me. Before I put it in print, I want to consider the possible flaws and biases, how those who disagree could perceive it and reply. This makes scientific peer review an appealing, albeit annoying process. Peer review is one more chance to get

RÉSUMÉ: L’automédication est un traitement pharmaceutique par un patient de sa propre initiative sans prescription médicale. Le but de cette étude était de déterminer la prévalence de l’automédication chez des patients devant subir un traitement endodontique pour pathologies pulpaires et périapicales. L’enquête a été réalisée dans le service d’Odonto-stomatologie et de chirurgie maxillo-faciale de l’hôpital national Donka. La population cible était composée de tous les adolescents et adultes qui ont eu recours à l’automédication avant ou pendant le traitement endodontique et qui ont identifié les médicaments pris en automédication. La douleur a été le principal motif de l’automédication avec 60,38%de cas, les médicaments pris en automédication étaient les antalgiques utilisés dans 46,2% de cas, les anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens dans 35,9% de cas et les antibiotiques dans 17,9% cas. Les principales sources d’approvisionnement étaient de 39,62% dans une officine et 29,25% dans u...

Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn Skoða/Opna(view/open) Markmið endurhæfingar á geðsviði er að hjálpa þeim sem hafa átt við langvarandi og alvarlega geðsjúkdóma að stríða að ná betri færni í félagslegum, tilfinningalegum og hugrænum þáttum sem nauðsynlegir eru í lífinu til náms- og atvinnuþátttöku í samfélaginu með lágmarksstuðningi frá fagfólki. Þegar fólk fer á bráðasjúkrahús vegna skurðaðgerðar eða til annarskonar meðferðar er fólk vant því að heilbrigðisstarfsmenn beri aðallega ábyrgð á meðferðinni og segi þeim hvað þeir eiga að gera. Í endurhæfingu er hins vegar mikið lagt upp úr þátttöku og ábyrgð þeirra sem þiggja þjónustuna og lögð áhersla á að fólk taki þátt í því að setja sér endurhæfingarmarkmið. L eitast er við að horfa á einstaklinginn á heildrænan hátt í stað þess að einblínt sé á sjúkdómsgreiningar. Áhersla er lögð á að skoða hvernig virkni einstaklingsins er og hvað takmarkar getu hans og virkni, í stað þess að sko...

This paper compares the security paradigms for combating terrorism, drugs and irregular migration and argues that while these have largely failed on their own terms, they have also proven rather successful for the actors shaping them. Through a spatial political economy analysis of systems of intervention, the paper shows how vested interests have helped perpetuate counterproductive approaches, while risks (including that of human suffering) have routinely been 'exported' into geographical 'buffer zones'. In analysing the stakes in such systems, we deploy the metaphor of games. This term allows us to highlight divergences between 'official' goals, such as 'winning the war,' and unstated aims, such as perpetuating security investments, relocating risk or stoking fear for political gain. Equally important, game terminology helps us highlight the spatial and social dynamics of collaboration, conflict and rule-manipulation within the system. In exploring these dynamics, the paper puts focus empirically on the complex collaborations between Western states instigating intervention and poorer 'partner states,' showing how a skewed geopolitical distribution of risk may tilt security interventions in the instigators' favour while maintaining 'skin in the game' for less powerful actors.

Introduction: The term “adolescent” is an adjective describing a young person in the process of developing from a child into an adult. It is derived from the Latin verb “adolescere” which means “to grow up.” Alcohol is the world’s third-largest risk factor for disease and contributes to 4% of the global burden of disease. It is estimated that ∼2.5 million deaths each year are directly attributable to alcohol, with 9% of deaths in the 15–29 years age group. Adolescence is the critical period when the first initiation of substance use takes place. Encouragement by peer being groups, the lure of popularity, and early availability of many such substances make an adolescent an easy prey. Early identification of adolescent risk factors may be helpful in preventing the risks. Thus, this study was taken up with the following objectives: (1) To estimate the prevalence of substance abuse among adolescents in professional college and (2) to identify the risk factors responsible for substance a...

Narratives and frames have shaped the overdose crisis since its early stages. Efforts to control knowledge about the role of opioids in chronic pain have influenced clinical guidelines and prescribing behaviour. Dominant narratives shape policy by influencing how problems are defined, and which solutions are considered appropriate. A more nuanced understanding of how framing shapes interactions among stakeholders, including patients, clinicians, advocacy groups, industry, educators, and regulators, can clarify these dynamics. Engaging multiple perspectives, rather than relying on a single dominant narrative, offers a more effective path for addressing complex public health emergencies such as the overdose crisis.

The research concerning intellectual functioning in addict populations has not addressed basic questions concerning why and how intelligence quotients (IQ) might be related to drug addiction. A study was undertaken to estimate intellectual functioning based upon a demographic profile for Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scala-Revised (WAIS-R) Full Scale IQ in order to determine its relationship with variables representing initiation, continuation, relapse, and cessation of daily opioid use. Estimated IQs were used to describe a large former opioid addict sample (N486) from the 12-year follow-up study of the Drug Abuse Reportin, Program (DARP). Results were compared with those from previous studies of various drug users and non-users, and a correlational analysis was performed. The results indicated that the average estimated IQs for the DARP sample were comparable to mean IQs f.:,r both the WAIS-R standardization sample (Nl,880) and previous studies. IQ was significantly related to length of addiction career; the higher the IQ, the shorter the career. Other more complex relationships were found for variables used to represent intraindividual factors such as satisfaction with self or family, interpersonal factors such as family or pear influence, and other variables of interest. (NRB)

Background. Alcohol dependence is unequally distributed across gender (1/3 women versus 2/3 men), though the percentage of women with alcohol dependence seems to be growing. Little is known whether alcohol affects men and women differently. Methods. A first step to assess gender-related differences of alcohol dependence is to compare structural differences as well as neurocognitive function in alcohol-dependent women and men. Results. Though women start to develop an alcohol disorder later in life (Escribano & Parra, 2007), they move more rapidly from abuse to dependence (Walter, 2003) and suffer from the same detrimental effects of alcohol on cognitive, neurologic and internal function as men (Nixon et al., 1995).On a structural level, several studies have reported gender differences in alcohol-related brain atrophy. Mann et al. (1992) found an enlarged size of the ventricles in alcohol-dependent women compared to alcohol dependent men. Other groups found a more pronounced loss of hippocampus volume in women (Agartz et al., 1999), or gender-associated size of the corpus callosum (Hommer et al., 1996). However, another study only found differences of brain volume when comparing alcohol dependent men to healthy controls (Pfefferbaum et al., 2001). Conclusions. Future studies will have to assess whether there are functional correlates of these structural differences between men and women, using e.g. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or connectivity analyses. One could address the question why women progress much faster from abuse to dependence, or whether there are profound gender differences in response to alcohol stimuli or suffering a relapse.

A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATES STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER DEGREE IN LAW DEPARTMENT OF ISLAMIC LAW, FACULTY OF LAW, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA

This article is about a case study of a pornography addict who is still in the process of selfrehabilitation. Pornography is a bad and unacceptable act because it is not only prohibited in terms of moral ethics but also in religion aspects. Pornography is also one of the trafficked forms of sexual exploitation. Other than that, law enforcement and internet filtering software seem to be not an absolute solution to the pornography issue. A module or intervention is needed to be built to guide a pornography addict rehabilitating independently on their own with the help of professionals. The methodology and the research design in this study is a case study and qualitative respectively in which the interviewee is an ex client of researcher's previous counselling session. This study forms several themes which are the causes, effects and interventions of pornography addiction. The analysis of the study also found that there are still effects of pornography addiction that disrupt the respondent's thoughts in her daily life. These factors can assist counselors in formulating effective Islamic approach to tackle the issue, whether at the level of protection, prevention or rehabilitation. The future researchers are ought to focus more on finding an intervention that relates to the conventional counselling and the perspectives of Islam which is called Islamic Cognitive Behavioral Theory.

RESUMO PURPOSE: Abdominal pain of uncertain etiology is the commonest reason for surgical admission. In this report, we retrospectively evaluate the effect of a laparoscopic approach in the diagnosis and treatment of acute abdominal pain in female patients. METHODS: We evaluated the clinical records of female patients admitted to our institution between January 2002 and July 2005 with the diagnosis of acute abdomen who underwent laparoscopic intervention, considering age, intraoperative findings, surgical time, conversion rate, complications and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: The laparoscopic procedure was performed in 60 patients with a mean age of 27.5 years, and diagnosis was established by laparoscopy in all cases. Most frequent operative findings were acute appendicitis (31.7%), ruptured ovarian cyst (31.7%) and pelvic inflammatory disease (13%). In this series, 36 (60%) of the cases were successfully treated by emergent laparoscopy, 10 (16.7%) required conversion to an open...

"Amaneció un muerto”. Ésta es la expresión que emplean los habitantes de Badiraguato para comunicar que alguien fue asesinado. Se trata de una formulación extraña que espera al día siguiente para hacer amanecer al muerto, dándole un rol activo, en lugar de atribuir el crimen a quienes lo cometieron. Es como si el alba fuera homicida. La vaguedad de la expresión distancia tanto al muerto como al asesino. Suena a una sentencia, cuyo destino trágico es el que enfrentan los badiraguatenses en su vida cotidiana, marcada por una condición de extrema vulnerabilidad. El amanecer de los muertos, día tras otro, enuncia la rutina en la que se ha convertido la violencia.

Buku ini merupakan kajian komprehensif mengenai Indonesia Emas 2045, menyatukan inovasi ekonomi, riset tanaman terapeutik, dan kemandirian nasional dalam sektor kesehatan, hukum, teknologi, dan budaya. Fokus utama adalah pengembangan tanaman terapeutik sebagai katalis perubahan dalam sistem kesehatan nasional sekaligus instrumen inovasi ekonomi yang berkelanjutan.

Buku terdiri dari 22 bab yang membahas berbagai topik: paradigma pembangunan nasional, bonus demografi, geopolitik Asia-Pasifik, legalisasi tanaman terapeutik, reformasi hukum dan harmonisasi regulasi internasional, potensi farmakologi tanaman, studi klinis global, dampak terhadap BPJS dan biaya kesehatan, strategi rehabilitasi dan harm reduction, industri hijau dan diversifikasi ekonomi, potensi ekspor, branding nasional, institusi tata kelola, peran universitas dan riset ilmiah, tokoh dunia dan jejak historis tanaman, industri kreatif dan seni Nusantara, budaya adat, pangan dan pertanian inovatif, infrastruktur dan teknologi, politik internasional dan diplomasi global, keamanan nasional, zoning provinsi, pariwisata medis, model ekonomi dan data statistik, hingga roadmap strategis menuju 2045.

Analisis buku ini menggunakan metodologi multidisipliner: studi kebijakan, ekonomi, bioteknologi, antropologi sosial, benchmarking global, serta data empiris dan model supply-demand. Kutipan dari WHO, UNODC, dan jurnal ilmiah internasional memberikan fondasi ilmiah yang kredibel. Setiap rekomendasi didukung dengan proyeksi ekonomi, analisis cost-benefit, dan implikasi sosial, hukum, dan politik.

Buku ini ditujukan bagi pembuat kebijakan, akademisi, praktisi industri, dan masyarakat luas. Selain menjadi panduan strategis nasional, buku ini menegaskan Indonesia sebagai pemimpin global dalam tanaman terapeutik, inovasi ekonomi hijau, dan pembangunan berkelanjutan, serta mendemonstrasikan peran Indonesia di panggung global menuju Indonesia Emas 2045.

ABSTRAK: Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti faktor-faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi lepak dengan hubungan keibubapaan. Seramai 500 orang pelajar dari 18 buah sekolah menengah iaitu Johor, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan dan Selangor yang dipilih secara kelompok atas ...

TEZ11913Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2019.Kaynakça (s. 52-58) var.xii, 60 s. : res. (bzs. rnk.), tablo ; 29 cm.Tüm dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de yetişkinler ve gençler arasında sentetik kannabinoid kullanımında hızlı bir artış görülmektedir. Bu maddeler dünyada “Spice, K2, Super Nova, Yucatan Fire, Diamond ve Cloud 9?, ülkemizde de “Bonzai, Jamaica ve Jamaica Gold” gibi çeşitli adlarla internette satılmaktadır. Yasal düzenlemelerden kaçınmak için ambalaj paketleri üzerinde “Tütsü”, “insan kullanımı için değildir” veya “bitkisel terapi ürünleri” şeklinde ibareler bulunmaktadır. Sentetik kannabinoidler fonksiyonel olarak tetrahidrokannabinol (THC)’e benzemekte ve sigara gibi içildiğinde esrarın etkisini taklit etmektedir. Ancak, bu ürünlerin çoğu THC’den daha güçlüdür ve daha büyük bir sağlık riski oluşturmaktadır. Bu tez çalışmasında; Ege Üniversitesi Madde Bağımlılığı, Toksikoloji ve İlaç Bilimleri (BATI) Enstitüsü’nde analiz edilen ve analiz sonucu negati...

The opioid overdose epidemic continues to claim lives across the country with a record 47,600 overdose deaths in 2017. (This number represents 67.8% of the 70,237 overdose deaths from all drugs) [CDC 2018a]. More Americans now die every year from drug overdoses than in motor vehicle crashes [CDC 2016]. The crisis is taking an especially devastating toll on certain parts of the U.S. workforce. High rates of opioid overdose deaths have occurred in industries with high injury rates and physically demanding working conditions such as construction, mining, or fishing [Massachusetts Department of Public Health 2018; CDC 2018b]. Certain job factors such as high job demands, job insecurity, and lack of control over tasks have also been linked to opioid use [Kowalski-McGraw et al. 2017]. Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) (also known as medicationbased treatment*) has been shown to be effective for many people with opioid use disorder [SAMHSA 2015b; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2019]. In addition to providing general information about MAT, this document provides information for employers wishing to assist or support workers with opioid use disorder. Employers can take the following steps to contribute to prevention and treatment of OUD [

Dit literatuurgedeelte bestaat uit een overzicht van de correlaten van depressie die mogelijks samenhangen met cognitieve inhibitie: een executieve functie waarbij men in staat is tot het onderdrukken van irrelevante informatie in het werkgeheugen De correlaten waarmee dit zou kunnen samenhangen zijn: depressieve stemming, werkgeheugen, autobiografisch geheugen, rumineren, gedachtesuppressie, repressieve coping en cognitieve reactiviteit. Bij elk correlaat wordt ten eerste uitgelegd wat het concept inhoudt, ten tweede wordt de relatie met cognitieve inhibitie besproken en ten derde wordt telkens de evidentie aangegeven voor een relatie tussen cognitieve inhibitie en het correlaat. De doelstelling van deze masterproef is immers nagaan in welke mate deze correlaten van depressie samenhangen met cognitieve inhibitie. Alvorens op de correlaten in te gaan, bespreken we eerst depressie en cognitieve inhibitie en daarmee samenhangend het werkgeheugen.

Desde hace aproximadamente cinco anos, el Centro de Analisis politico de la Universidad EAFIT, en alianza con diversas entidades publicas y privadas, viene desarrollando una linea de investigacion en torno a las economias criminales y las formas de captacion de rentas desde la ilegalidad. Este trabajo tiene como centro la politica. La mala ventura del termino “economias criminales”, es que oculta el papel crucial que el poder politico juega en su configuracion y permanencia. Los vasos comunicantes entre poder politico y crimen son variados e intrincados, y que tienes mayor profundidad que la que se les atribuye.

The aim of this study is to describe and analyze the parenting skills of fathers and mothers attending a prevention program on drug use and other risk behaviours, to fi nd out whether there are diff erences between mothers and fathers in relation to the parental role and fi nally, to determine whether there are diff erences between the parental role and the children' s level of education. Method: The sample consisted of 89 participants (22 fathers and 67 mothers). The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire of 54 Likert scale items divided into three scales to measure behaviours, attitudes and resources that parents may require to prevent risk behaviours. Results: The results show that fathers and mothers act in such a way as to promote prevention of risk behaviours, hold beliefs that associate risk behaviours with feelings of distress and communication diffi culties in the family and display the need for tools to increase their parenting skills. There are signifi cant diff erences between mothers and fathers when it comes to exercising their parental skills. Finally, a signifi cant interaction has been found between the parental role and the children' s level of education. These fi ndings undoubtedly have educational and training implications on the development of prevention and intervention programs that focus on parental educational qualifi cations.

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A range of commentators associated drug use with decadence in the late nineteenth century. 1 According to Fraser Harrison in his study of decadent male artists associated with the Yellow Book in the 1890s, "The threats and demands represented by the ever accelerating movement towards female emancipation on all fronts, seem to have unnerved and unbalanced this group of men and driven them to seek comfort and oblivion in homosexuality, prostitution, addiction to alcohol and opiates, sterile relationships with children, and, in some cases, forlorn celibacy." 2 Max Nordau famously linked drug use with degeneration, and degeneration with decadence, pointing to Oscar Wilde as evidence that decadence led to racial degeneration. 3 Both Harrison and Nordau focused exclusively, as was typical in the late nineteenth century, on the relationship between decadence and nonnormative masculinity generally, or in relation to specific male individuals, and Harrison's statement in particular demonstrates that at least some male decadents felt threatened by the suffrage movement. Harrison therefore positions decadence as a male style or approach to life that was inextricably tied to the perception of certain women as threatening to gendered norms. I open with a discussion of decadence and drugs, because one of the artists discussed in this chapter, Orly Cogan, has produced textile artworks depicting women consuming cocaine. I also want to underscore the fact that decadence was historically associated with male artists who represented (and felt threatened by) women. Radical Decadence departs from this vision of decadence in focusing primarily on women artists who are themselves transgressing various gendered, sexed, and raced norms. 4 This chapter explores intersections between current fiber art practices and social practices, as well as the concomitant desire for community. Through the case studies of Israel-born, New York-based artist Orly Cogan's work, and Belgian artist Shane Waltener's participatory workshops involving both knitting and cake decorating, I want to suggest that

Kertas ini bertujuan membentangkan hasil kajian yang meninjau penglibatan bapa dalam asuhan anak-anak remaja dan hubungannya dengan perkembangan remaja. Tinjauan dibuat terhadap 468 sampel pelajar dengan menggunakan soal selidik tentang beberapa aspek asuhan bapa. Analisis korelasi antara tahap penglibatan bapa dengan perkembangan pembelajaran dan perkembangan konsep kendiri anak-anak remaja telah dilakukan. Analisis kekerapan, peratus, min juga dijalankan. Antara dapatan yang penting ialah anak-anak mendapati penglibatan bapa agak baik, iaitu bertanggungjawab dari segi menyediakan kemudahan fizikal serta sokongan kepada ibu. Bagaimanapun, responden merasakan bapa mereka tidak mesra dan tidak banyak berkomunikasi dengan mereka. Mereka juga beranggapan bapa tidak banyak terlibat dalam proses pembelajaran, khususnya dalam hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan sekolah. Tahap penglibatan bapa juga tidak mempunyai hubungan dengan prestasi akademik remaja. Manakala korelasi antara penglibatan bapa dalam asuhan dengan konsep kendiri pelajar lelaki adalah rendah . Implikasi kajian dapat dilihat daripada peranan bapa dalam konteks keluarga dan nilai kekeluargaan Islam. Oleh kerana lebih daripada 75 peratus sampel datang daripada latar belakang ekonomi rendah (<RM 1000), pendidikan ibu bapa yang rendah dan sampel Melayu, maka dengan itu dapatan ini lebih menggambarkan sikap bapa Melayu dari kumpulan yang disebutkan. Dengan itu, kajian yang menggunakan sampel yang lebih representatif adakah sangat penting untuk mengukuhkan dapatan ini.

Kertas ini bertujuan membentangkan hasil kajian yang meninjau penglibatan bapa dalam asuhan anak-anak remaja dan hubungannya dengan perkembangan remaja. Tinjauan dibuat terhadap 468 sampel pelajar dengan menggunakan soal selidik tentang beberapa aspek asuhan bapa. Analisis korelasi antara tahap penglibatan bapa dengan perkembangan pembelajaran dan perkembangan konsep kendiri anak-anak remaja telah dilakukan. Analisis kekerapan, peratus, min juga dijalankan. Antara dapatan yang penting ialah anak-anak mendapati penglibatan bapa agak baik, iaitu bertanggungjawab dari segi menyediakan kemudahan fizikal serta sokongan kepada ibu. Bagaimanapun, responden merasakan bapa mereka tidak mesra dan tidak banyak berkomunikasi dengan mereka. Mereka juga beranggapan bapa tidak banyak terlibat dalam proses pembelajaran, khususnya dalam hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan sekolah. Tahap penglibatan bapa juga tidak mempunyai hubungan dengan prestasi akademik remaja. Manakala korelasi antara penglibatan bapa dalam asuhan dengan konsep kendiri pelajar lelaki adalah rendah . Implikasi kajian dapat dilihat daripada peranan bapa dalam konteks keluarga dan nilai kekeluargaan Islam. Oleh kerana lebih daripada 75 peratus sampel datang daripada latar belakang ekonomi rendah (<RM 1000), pendidikan ibu bapa yang rendah dan sampel Melayu, maka dengan itu dapatan ini lebih menggambarkan sikap bapa Melayu dari kumpulan yang disebutkan. Dengan itu, kajian yang menggunakan sampel yang lebih representatif adakah sangat penting untuk mengukuhkan dapatan ini.

Kertas ini bertujuan membentangkan hasil kajian yang meninjau penglibatan bapa dalam asuhan anak-anak remaja dan hubungannya dengan perkembangan remaja. Tinjauan dibuat terhadap 468 sampel pelajar dengan menggunakan soal selidik tentang beberapa aspek asuhan bapa. Analisis korelasi antara tahap penglibatan bapa dengan perkembangan pembelajaran dan perkembangan konsep kendiri anak-anak remaja telah dilakukan. Analisis kekerapan, peratus, min juga dijalankan. Antara dapatan yang penting ialah anak-anak mendapati penglibatan bapa agak baik, iaitu bertanggungjawab dari segi menyediakan kemudahan fizikal serta sokongan kepada ibu. Bagaimanapun, responden merasakan bapa mereka tidak mesra dan tidak banyak berkomunikasi dengan mereka. Mereka juga beranggapan bapa tidak banyak terlibat dalam proses pembelajaran, khususnya dalam hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan sekolah. Tahap penglibatan bapa juga tidak mempunyai hubungan dengan prestasi akademik remaja. Manakala korelasi antara penglibatan bapa dalam asuhan dengan konsep kendiri pelajar lelaki adalah rendah . Implikasi kajian dapat dilihat daripada peranan bapa dalam konteks keluarga dan nilai kekeluargaan Islam. Oleh kerana lebih daripada 75 peratus sampel datang daripada latar belakang ekonomi rendah (<RM 1000), pendidikan ibu bapa yang rendah dan sampel Melayu, maka dengan itu dapatan ini lebih menggambarkan sikap bapa Melayu dari kumpulan yang disebutkan. Dengan itu, kajian yang menggunakan sampel yang lebih representatif adakah sangat penting untuk mengukuhkan dapatan ini.

Background and Aims: Epidemiological transition in the form of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) now becoming the main cause of mortality and morbidity is very much evident even in developing countries like India. Alcohol is an important risk factor for NCD. The use of alcohol is increasing especially in young people and women. This increased use can be attributed to aggressive and innovative marketing by alcohol, in spite of and due to restrictions on its marketing. Social media, in recent times, has been misused by alcohol companies for marketing their products legally, due to legal loophole. The present study examined the reach of alcohol companies on social media and the marketing strategies used by them. Design, Settings, Participants: Facebook, Twitter and YouTube were explored for accounts and content by alcohol companies for marketing their product. Policies of social media sites pertaining to alcohol marketing were also studied. Measurements: Alcohol marketing was measured in terms of content posted by alcohol companies, use of direct or surrogate advertisement and engagement with users. Findings: Alcohol companies have been conveniently using social media to target young urban population with direct and surrogate advertisements of their products. Current social media policies and laws are ineffective in controlling it. Conclusions: Amendment of laws pertaining to alcohol marketing to include social media also in its ambit is necessary. Social media sites should revise their policies to prevent alcohol marketing and promotion especially to underaged users.

Bu calismanin amaci 13-25 yas grubu genclerde madde kullanim yayginligi ile madde kullanimi bakimindan risk etkenlerini arastirmaktir. Arastirma verileri 2010-2011 egitim yilinda 1750 lise, 361 universite ogrencisine uygulanan Saglikli Yasam Bilinci Anketi ve ayni lise ogrencilerine uygulanan Temel Yasam Becerileri Envanteri (Botwin ve dig., 1995, Siyez ve Palabiyik, 2009) ile toplanmistir. Verilerin analizinde yuzdelik dagilimi, merkezi egilim olculeri, capraz tablo ve Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanilmistir. Bulgulara gore, genclerin tum madde kullanimina erken yaslarda baslama sayilarinin onceki yillara gore arttigi ve maddeyi ilk deneme yasinin dustugu, maddeyle tanisma ortamlarinin oncelikle aile ve arkadas cevresi oldugu gorulmustur. Ailelerinde ya da arkadaslariyla sorun yasayan, baba figurunun bunmadigi ailelerde yasayan, ailesinde herhangi bir madde kullanilan, okul devamsizlik orani yuksek olan genclerin onemli risk grubunu olusturdugu bulunmustur. Madde kullanimina yone...

Human hair dated to Late Prehistory is exceedingly rare in the Western Mediterranean. Archaeological excavations in the Bronze Age burial and cult cave of Es Càrritx, in Menorca (Balearic Islands) provided some human hair strands involved in a singular funerary rite. This finding offered the opportunity to explore the possible use of drug plants by Late Bronze Age people. Here we show the results of the chemical analyses of a sample of such hair using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). The alkaloids ephedrine, atropine and scopolamine were detected, and their concentrations estimated. These results confirm the use of different alkaloid-bearing plants by local communities of this Western Mediterranean island by the beginning of the first millennium cal BCE.

Με το άρθρο γίνεται προσπάθεια στο πλαίσιο της σύγχρονης συζήτησης περί διακρίσεων και αποκλεισμών να προσδιοριστούν οι σημασίες που αποδίδονται στον όρο «ανάστροφος σεξισμός» (reverse sexism) σε σχέση με το ευρύτερο κοινωνικό φαινόμενο. Μέσα από την παράθεση της πορείας του κινήματος για τα δικαιώματα των ανδρών, εξετάζεται το πλαίσιο από το οποίο η ρητορική του ανάστροφου σεξισμού έχει εφορμήσει στον δημόσιο διάλογο. Επιπλέον, παρατίθεται η μοναδική ουσιαστικά θεωρητικά επεξεργασμένη επιστημονική συζήτηση γύρω από το θέμα που έλαβε χώρα υπό το πρίσμα της εννοιολόγησης του «δεύτερου σεξισμού». Τέλος, αναδεικνύεται η βασική προκείμενη της σημασιολογικής αξίας του ανάστροφου σεξισμού στην παρούσα φάση σε σχέση με τον λόγο του φεμινισμού. Σε αυτή τη βάση, προκρίνεται η απόρριψη του «ανάστροφου σεξισμού» ως τελικά ανεπαρκούς εννοιολόγησης για την περιγραφή των όποιων διακρίσεων σε βάρος των ανδρών και προτείνεται, για ορισμένες περιπτώσεις, η αντικατάστασή του με την έννοια του «σεξιστικού συμψηφισμού».

El proyecto también aprovecha los datos universitarios existentes (p. ej., del Registro Civil y de los Servicios de Salud). La recopilación remota de datos continúa cuando los participantes abandonan el campus. Los datos anónimos estarán disponibles para los investigadores a través de un portal seguro y los resultados se difundirán públicamente. La mala salud mental ya era común en los estudiantes universitarios antes de la pandemia de COVID19: aproximadamente uno de cada tres estudiantes universitarios reportaba tener un trastorno psiquiátrico [1]. Sin embargo, la prevalencia del malestar psicológico en estudiantes universitarios se disparó durante la pandemia y no ha regresado a los niveles previos. Estudios recientes muestran que casi el 60% de los estudiantes universitarios cumplen con los criterios de diagnóstico de un trastorno de salud mental [2-5]. El SLS generará nuevos conocimientos sobre la salud mental y el tratamiento universitario, así como también desarrollará protocolos para colaboraciones entre investigadores y administración que promuevan el bienestar de los estudiantes.

This Study investigate the Influence of Drug abuse on the academic performance of Students in tertiary institution with special reference to mathematics students in FCE Okene, Kogi state. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. Four research questions and a hypothesis were raised to guide the study. The population of this study comprise of all mathematics students in federal college of education Okene, Kogi State, with the total population of 53 students whose major course is mathematics. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 40 mathematics students used for the study. A structured questionnaire on a 4-point rating scale was used for data collection. Frequency count and mean was used to analyze the data collected. Chi-Square (X 2) test was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that mathematics students are aware of the causes of drug abuse but not fully aware about the dangers and side effects of drug abuse on the academic performance, there is correlation between mathematics students backgrounds with their drug use and academic performance, there is no significant relationship between the effects of drug abuse and academic performance among mathematics students in FCE Okene, Kogi State. The study recommended that there should be more awareness programs about the dangers of drug abused specifically targeting mathematics students, students should be offered workshops on stress management and coping skills which would reduce likelihood of Drug Abuse among mathematics students.

El dolor neuropático es un tipo de dolor de difícil manejo con una prevalencia próxima al 10% de la población. Actualmente, existen varios fármacos aprobados para su tratamiento agrupados en distintas líneas. Sin embargo, la eficacia farmacológica es limitada en un número significativo de pacientes, por lo que es necesario desarrollar nuevas estrategias terapéuticas. Varias moléculas se encuentran en fases iniciales de ensayos clínicos en humanos, muchas de las cuales están demostrando resultados esperanzadores. Por otra parte, el conocimiento cada vez más preciso de las distintas vías moleculares implicadas en el dolor neuropático está promoviendo el desarrollo de nuevas moléculas con acción sobre potenciales dianas terapéuticas. Algunos de estos agentes se están ensayando en modelos animales y muestran una significativa potencia analgésica. Por último, el papel del tratamiento no farmacológico en el dolor neuropático, mediante alternativas como la radiofrecuencia, la estimulación ...