Domestic Violence

Introduction Intimate partner violence is increasingly gaining attention as the leading form of violence against women globally, particularly sub-Saharan Africa. Given that substance abuse, especially alcohol consumption has long been associated with aggressive behaviour, emotional abuse, and sexual misconduct, it is surprising that studies on the potential association between partner’s alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence are scarce. The current study seeks to fill this gap in the literature by examining the association between partner’s alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence among women in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods Cross-sectional survey data of 89,229 women aged 15 to 49 in sexual unions from 21 sub-Saharan African countries were pooled from the Demographic and Health Surveys. Percentages with their corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were used to present the results of the prevalence of partner’s alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence. M...

This paper aims to examine the severity of psychological violence against women in rural and urban areas of Muzaffarabad. A quantitative research design was employed, and a cross-sectional research method was used. A sample of 600 households was determined through the Taro Yamane formula, in which 300 respondents were selected from each rural and urban area on the household level by using a non-probability, convenient sampling technique. For the target population, married women aged 19-61 and above were interviewed through a well-structured quantitative questionnaire designed on a Likert scale. The study concluded that psychological violence against women is found in urban and rural areas in terms of mild and moderate psychological violence, while a high and higher ratio of psychological violence is less likely to be found. Hence, it is argued that psychological violence against women exists in society.

Victims/survivors of domestic violence often rely on social security payments for financial support when trying to leave a violent relationship and when trying to establish an independent life for themselves and their dependents (Evans, 2007; Purvin, 2007). Indeed, social security payment is important for increasing the resilience of low-income families. In the context of domestic violence, it provides material means of escape and alleviates poverty for many women ending a violent relationship (Cortis & Bullen, 2015, p. 17). However, Cortis and Bullen (2016, p. 32) report that women who have been affected by domestic violence are twice as likely to experience difficulty accessing welfare services compared to women who had not experienced violence. In Australia, access to social security payment is determined by a couple’s joint income and assets. In the context of domestic violence, a victim/survivor, if married or considered a member of a couple, will have her income and assets ass...

Şiddetin, ortaya çıkmasında önemli bir yeri olan öğrenme olgusu, aile içindeki ilişki ağlarını ve davranışları ön plana çıkarmakta, pek çok bilimsel kuramın da bunlar üzerinde durmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu kuramlardan biri de Sosyal Öğrenme Kuramı'dır. Albert Bandura tarafından geliştirilen Sosyal Öğrenme Kuramı, aile içi şiddeti "çocukluktan yetişkinliğe geçiş sürecinde aile içerisinde ya da önemli rol modellerinin gözlenmesi yoluyla dolaylı ya da doğrudan öğrenilen bir şey olduğunu" (Sallan Gül,2013:25) ileri sürmektedir. Dolayısıyla aile içi şiddetin çözümü konusunda, aile içindeki ilişkileri ve davranışları yeniden gözden geçirmek ve kurgulamak gerekmektedir. Kuramsal olan bu çalışmanın amacı da, belgesel gözlem tekniğine başvurarak, Sosyal Öğrenme Kuramı çerçevesinde aile içi şiddetin neden ve sonuçlarını ortaya koymaktır.

The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the challenges African-American women in abusive relationships face when they consider seeking-help from their informal networks. Data are reported from interviews with 15 African-American women who were self-identified as having survived physical intimate partner violence. A 13-item, semi-structured interview guide was developed in order to elicit information from participants. All of the interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded for analysis. This analysis revealed emergent themes from these interviews concerning the social factors and perceptions that influence help-seeking behavior. Participants perceived their informal networks as willing to offer instrumental support. However, informal networks were not emotionally supportive. Participants also noted that the African-American community at-large believes victims of violence to be “stupid” for remaining in violent relationships. Additional results are also di...

Deb Smith and Liz Little. Each of you, in your own unique way, has made a significant contribution to my journey. Thank you, each and every one of you. My thanks also to Colleen Wegman both for her assistance with the presentation of the thesis and her good humour and Jane Emery for her editing assistance. Undertaking a PhD is not only a professional journey that your colleagues share with you but also a personal one that your friends and loved ones travel too. I want to thank all my family and friends who have travelled with me on this journey and remained interested, supportive and encouraging over many years, particularly my partner, Tony and my children Sian, Simone and Adrian. * This was a multiple response question, so percentages do not add up to 100, calculated on a base figure of 166. Source: Kelly et al. 1999: 16 Kanuha, V. 1996, 'Domestic violence, racism and the battered women's movement in the United States', in Future Interventions with Battered Women and Their Families, eds J. Edleson & Z.C. Eisikovits, Sage, Thousand Oaks, California.

Life as a couple, and their ability to solve problems or not, can result in the relationship being satisfactory and functional or unsatisfactory and dysfunctional, which increases the risk of violence with serious implications. For that reason, it is important to isolate the risk factors to prevent and treat unsatisfactory and dysfunctional relationships. The qualitative interpretive exploratory method was used, analysing 50 sessions of group psychotherapy with patients from a reproductive health institution whose relationships faced violent problems. The identified factors were the lack of autonomy in one of the partners, unresolved internal factors, a combination of external factors and factors caused by their interaction; symmetrical and asymmetrical violence, subjugation of one before the other, intergenerational violence, family violence during childhood and normalisation of violence. Isolating factors to understand relationship problems at risk of manifesting violence opens th...

Stalking behaviour may find its roots in an individual's psychological development and culture-related factors that facilitate it. Psychiatric disorders may underlie some stalking cases, but no reports exist of the relationship of actual psychiatric status with the expression of stalking behaviour. A 22-year-old adoptive woman perpetrated stalking towards her gynaecologist, who took legal action to protect herself. She was admitted to a general hospital psychiatric department and diagnosed with bipolar disorder-I, manic phase, and personality disorder, not otherwise specified. She was prescribed lithium and valproate combination and followed-up as an outpatient. She underwent cognitive-behavioural therapy incorporating Bowlby's concepts. Stalking behaviour did not reemerge. Exacerbations of psychiatric episodes may trigger stalking behaviour. Drug treatment may prevent its clinical expression, but underlying ideation and affect may need long-term psychotherapy focusing on at...

This epilogue concludes this thematic issue on sexual abuse in religious contexts, highlighting the work of the Religion & Sexual Abuse Project (R&SAP). It provides reflections on the complexities, difficulties, and dangers for survivors and scholars engaging with this topic. Drawing on ideas that were presented at a scholarly roundtable, entitled 'Where Do We Go from Here?' at the American Academy of Religions (AAR) Annual Conference in 2023, this reflection encourages future research in microhistories, namely, further attention to small details that end up telling big stories. It also notes that while the focus of much of the research on sexual abuse in religious contexts engages on religious professionals who abuse, there are also widespread and everyday domestic abuses that are justified and supported by religious doctrine that are also deserving of attention. Combining these two factors-attention to the micro and to the domestic-this thematic issue concludes with a poem co-authored by Latina mothers and daughters and the Voces Valientes Project, which with the support of R&SAP, hosts workshops that aim to strengthen the bonds between mothers and daughters as a preventative measure against sexual abuse. It is in such everyday details that both catastrophe and hope reside.

This research aims to reveal the moderating role of the generation gap between gender role attitudes (GRA) and cyber dating abuse (CDA) in Turkey. The study was conducted via a survey of 3607 people. Grounded in Giddens' theory of structuration, the study reveals how gender-based societal norms and associated behavioral and social factors may increase the risk of CDA, and how gender norms in Turkey comprise an aspect of Turkish social structure. It also indicated a moderating role of the generation gap (Gen X, Y, Z) on the relationship between GRA and CDA, whereas the Baby Boomer generation had no moderating role. Lastly, there is a statistical difference between total gender role attitude, violence perpetration values, and violence victimization values according to daily Internet usage frequency.

Background Intimate partner violence is a typical phenomenon in Nigerian families. About 86% of women accepted that a man is legitimized in beating or being violent again his wife. Around 35–65% of families were affected by their intimates. Women always suffer sexual, physical, economic and emotional, social violence from their intimate partners. It always remains either for family secrecy, cultural norms, or, because of dread, stigma and the community's hesitance on the domestic affair and social shame. The objective of this research is to examine the relationship and association between intimate partner violence against pregnant women and unfavourable birth results. Methods A clinical-based and unparalleled case-control study was conducted in four government hospitals in Ekiti State, Nigeria. An aggregate of 644 (284 cases and 360 controls) research participants were taken. In the main, systematic sampling was utilized to choose the cases and controls. Ethical clearance was ac...

The literature corroborates that certain individuals can integrate or adjust to a positive and normative form in the societies in which they live, despite highly adverse experiences occurred at an early age potentiate a significantly different route. This study, of a qualitative character, has as a main purpose to analyze and characterize the way of life of adults who experienced early forms of victimization in the family context, trying to identify the factors that contributed to their psychosocial adjustment. To do this, we used a semi-structured interview, designed to that end, which was administered to 10 participants aged between 19 and 41 years (M = 26.1, SD = 8) selected from privileged informants that identified them as being resilient. The content of the interviews was analyzed through grounded analysis. The results showed that participants during the course of the victimization process developed similar behavioral characteristics (e.g., isolation, low self-esteem, anger, a...

On behalf of the ePact consortium, Universalia Management Group is pleased to submit this revised report on the midterm evaluation (MTE) of the CLEAR initiative. The evaluation team thanks CLEAR Board members, the Secretariat, staff of Regional Centres, representatives of host institutions, and other CLEAR stakeholders who shared their time and views with us during the course of the evaluation. This revised report reflects feedback from the CLEAR MTE Task Force and Regional Centres between June and September 2014. This report has been prepared by the Universalia Management Group Ltd (UMG) on behalf of the ePact consortium for the named client, for services specified in the Terms of Reference and contract of engagement. The information contained in this report shall not be disclosed to any other party, or used or disclosed in whole or in part without agreement from the ePact consortium. For reports that are formally put into the public domain, any use of the information in this report should include a citation that acknowledges the ePact consortium as the author of the report. This confidentiality clause applies to all pages and information included in this report. CLEAR Midterm Evaluation e-Pact i CLEAR's governance structure encompasses the Board, the Secretariat, and Regional Advisory Committees (RAC) established by each of the Regional Centres. The Secretariat is housed in the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) of the World Bank in Washington DC. CLEAR is financially supported by 11 partners. 1 It also benefits from oversight functions of World Bank departments in the areas of financial management, procurement, and legal agreements and assessments. Requirements for a midterm and final evaluation were built into the funding agreements and expectations of funders and CLEAR Centres since the inception of the initiative. The midterm evaluation also reflects a demand by the CLEAR Board to have an independent assessment of CLEAR progress at the mid-point in its lifecycle for the following purposes: Learning for improvements in the rationale, design, management, implementation and governance of the CLEAR global Initiative  Accountability to the current funders of CLEAR for funds invested in CLEAR 1 The African Development Bank (AfDB), the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAid), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), Belgian Development Cooperation, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the Rockefeller Foundation, the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA), the Swiss Agency for Development Cooperation (SDC), the UK Department for International Development (DFID), the World Bank (WB), and the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) To contribute to stakeholders in the target regions using evidence in making decisions for improved development results Level Outcome Strengthened context-specific M&E systems and practices CLEAR's immediate intended outcomes Improved enabling environments and strengthened demand for M&E Strengthened organisational capacity to produce and use evidence Critical mass of professional expertise Innovations in M&E Source: CLEAR Strategy 2013-2018 CLEAR Midterm Evaluation e-Pact ii  As a public good contributing knowledge on approaches to strengthening evaluation capacity in developing countries, designing and managing global initiatives.  The evaluation objectives as articulated in the evaluation Terms of Reference emphasise the formative nature of the evaluation:  Highlight achievements, challenges and lessons to date as a basis for accountability to the funders and hosting institutions  Make recommendations for improvements in the design, management, governance and implementation of the CLEAR Initiative for the remaining period of implementation, with a view to Initiative sustainability. This includes identifying the most promising strategies and/or alternatives approaches for CLEAR's success.  Produce public good knowledge (lessons, approaches) following the evaluation to inform the fields of development evaluation, regional capacity building, institution building, and global initiatives. The intended users of the evaluation include: the Board of CLEAR, the Secretariat, the five operational Regional Centres, and CLEAR clients and collaborators including governments and voluntary organisations of professional evaluators (VOPEs). The evaluation covers the period from CLEAR inception in 2010 to December 2013 and, where relevant, considers developments in the five operational centres up until the time of finalising the evaluation report (September 2014). The evaluation considered the effectiveness of the CLEAR Board, Secretariat, Regional Centres and their affiliates and Regional Advisory Committees that were operational at the time of the evaluation. The evaluation was commissioned by DfID and managed by the Evaluation Task Force (ETF) composed of representatives from the CLEAR Board. The evaluation was guided by a framework of questions and a data collection matrix that were used to assess the performance of CLEAR at global, regional and national levels and to ensure consistent collection of data and allow for triangulation of data from different sources. Data collection included a literature review and extensive review of CLEAR documents and reports; interviews with 270 stakeholders, in person and by email and Skype; site visits to five Regional Centres (Anglophone Africa, Francophone Africa, East Asia, South Asia, Latin America) and affiliate centres in Ghana, Kenya, and Burkina Faso; and visits to the Secretariat in Washington DC. The CLEAR Theory of Change and Results Framework were the agreed basis for the assessment. The evaluation team used descriptive analysis, content analysis, quantitative/statistical analysis, comparative analysis, and network analysis to inform findings. Following data collection, the evaluation team presented emerging findings to the Evaluation Task Force (ETF) and

ObjectivesWe studied the proportion of women who have ever been screened (ES) for intimate partner violence (IPV) in a healthcare setting, received information (RI) about relevant services, or both, and explored disparities in screening and information provision by ethnicity and other characteristics.DesignIn 2014–2015, we undertook a cross-sectional study, conducting interviews using a structured questionnaire among a stratified sample of 1401 Arab and Jewish women in Israel.SettingA sample of 63 maternal and child health clinics (MCH) clinics in four geographical districts.ParticipantsWomen aged 16–48 years, pregnant or up to 6 months after childbirth.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe used multivariable generalised estimating equation analysis to determine characteristics of women who were ES (Has anyone at the healthcare services (HCS) ever asked you whether you have experienced IPV?); RI (Have you ever received information about what to do if you experience IPV?); and bot...

De certo modo, o título do livro sugere uma contradição. Dado que a igualdade de tratamento talvez seja o maior símbolo da ideia de cidadania no ocidente, como explicá-la ou equacioná-la à luz de padrões normativos que induzem práticas em direção oposta? Aqui parece estar o cerne do dilema brasileiro, em que práticas de tratamento desigual dirigidas à cidadania, ou nas interações entre cidadãos no âmbito do mundo cívico , não indicam anomalias ou contradição aos olhos dos atores. Ainda que, em muitas circunstâncias, sinalizem arbitrariedades e suscitem questionamentos. Pois, o livro procura contribuir para a melhor compreensão deste dilema, significativamente agravado, à luz da indissociabilidade entre as ideias de justiça e de igualdade na contemporaneidade.

Many efforts to reduce family violence are documented in the published literature. We conducted a systematic review of interventions intended to prevent family violence in Aboriginal communities. We retrieved studies published up to October 2009; 506 papers included one systematic review, two randomized controlled trials, and fourteen nonrandomized studies or reviews. Two reviews discussed interventions relevant to primary prevention (reducing the risk factors for family violence), including parenting, role modelling, and active participation. More studies addressed secondary prevention (where risk factors exist, reducing outbreaks of violence) such as restriction on the trading hours for take away alcohol and home visiting programs for high risk families. Examples of tertiary prevention (preventing recurrence) include traditional healing circles and group counselling. Most studies contributed a low level of evidence.

We explore the determinants of domestic violence in two rural areas of Bangladesh. We found increased education, higher socioeconomic status, non-Muslim religion, and extended family residence to be associated with lower risks of violence. The effects of women’s status on violence was found to be highly context-specific. In the more culturally conservative area, higher individual-level women’s autonomy and short-term membership in savings and credit groups were both associated with significantly elevated risks of violence, and community-level variables were unrelated to violence. In the less culturally conservative area, in contrast, individual-level women’s status indicators were unrelated to the risk of violence, and community-level measures of women’s status were associated with significantly lower risks of violence, presumably by reinforcing nascent normative changes in gender relations.

Violence on women has been present in our society since times immemorial. The ethics, the values, the morals, the culture of the society has been framed in such a way or we can say structured in such a way so as to promote exploitation of this segment which is in reality the root of the society. The concept of STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE was introduced by Johan Galtung in 1969. It refers to a form of violence wherein some social institution may harm people by preventing them from meeting their basic needs. Violence against women has taken the form of a global epidemic which has taken its toll on the physical, psychological, sexual and economic life of the female. Johan Galtung in "Violence, Peace and Peace Studies", 1969 has rightly remarked "when one husband beats his wife, there is a clear case of personal violence, but when one million husbands keep one million wives in ignorance, there is structural violence". India has been slow in its pace for action against violence on women, but the brutal gang-rape of a 23 year old Delhi girl on December 2012 aroused the Indians from their deep slumber on this issue. Structural violence is a demon against women that is devouring the society. The combined efforts of Government NGO's and most important, the sufferers of this violence, the women have to take a major step to fight this dragon.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a widespread problem affecting all cultures and socioeconomic groups. This study explored the trends in prevalence and risk factors associated with IPV among Zimbabwean women of reproductive age (15-49 years) from 2005 to 2015.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women and poor nutritional status are growing health problems in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Moreover, violence against women has been shown to be associated with poor nutrition. This study investigated the relationship between IPV and nutritional status (i.e., underweight, overweight, and obesity) among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in Zimbabwe.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women and poor nutritional status are growing health problems in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Moreover, violence against women has been shown to be associated with poor nutrition. This study investigated the relationship between IPV and nutritional status (i.e., underweight, overweight, and obesity) among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in Zimbabwe. Methods: Pooled data from the 2005/2006, 2010/2011, and 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic Health Surveys (ZDHS) on 13,008 married/cohabiting women were analysed. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between the various forms of IPV and the nutritional status of women. We further estimated the prevalence of BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 (overweight and obesity) by intimate partner violence type.Results: The mean BMI of women was 24.3 kg/m2, more than one-fifth (24%) were overweight and about 12% were obese. Forty-three percent (43%) of women reporte...

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a widespread problem affecting all cultures and socioeconomic groups. This study explored the trends in prevalence and risk factors associated with IPV among Zimbabwean women of reproductive age (15-49 years) from 2005-2015. Methods: Data from the 2005/2006, 2010/2011 and 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) on 13,409 women (survey year: 2005/2006; n=4,081), (survey year: 2010/2011; n=4,411) and (survey year: 2015; n=4,917) were analyzed. Multiple logistic regressions and hierarchical modelling techniques were applied to examine the associations between demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, media exposure and IPV against women. We further estimated the prevalence of IPV over time. Results: The prevalence of IPV decreased from 45.2% in 2005 to 40.9% in 2010, and then increased to 43.1% in 2015. Some of the risk factors associated with IPV were younger age, low economic status, cohabitation and rural residence. ...

Teen violence in dating and peer relationships has huge costs to society in numerous areas including health care, social services, the workforce and the justice system. Physical, psychological, and sexual abuse have long-lasting ramifications for the perpetrators as well as the victims, and for the families involved on both sides of that equation. An effective violence prevention program that is part of a school’s curriculum is beneficial not only for teaching teenagers what is appropriate behaviour in a relationship, but also for helping them break the cycle of violence which may have begun at home with their own maltreatment as children. The Fourth R program is an efficacious violence prevention program that was developed in Ontario and has been implemented in schools throughout Canada and the U.S. Covering relationship dynamics common to dating violence as well as substance abuse, peer violence and unsafe sex, the program can be adapted to different cultures and to same-sex relat...

d'antécédents judiciaires que les hommes auteurs d'un homicide extrafamilial. Le meurtre survenait majoritairement dans la soirée et lors d'une alcoolisation aiguë, plus souvent au domicile de la victime en cas d'uxoricide et d'homicide intrafamilial. L'uxoricide, qualifié plus souvent d'assassinat, s'accompagnait quatre fois moins souvent d'une autre infraction que l'homicide extrafamilial. Les auteurs d'uxoricide avaient davantage de symptômes dépressifs et d'idées suicidaires au moment du passage à l'acte et restaient sur les lieux du crime comparativement aux auteurs d'homicide extrafamilial qui prenaient plus souvent la fuite. Les auteurs d'uxoricide ou d'homicide intra-ou extrafamilial ont été reconnus pénalement responsable dans la moitié des cas. Les caractéristiques socio-démographiques, cliniques ou criminologiques des auteurs d'uxoricide ne différaient statistiquement pas de celles des auteurs d'un homicide intrafamilial en dehors d'une dispute pré-et per-délictuelle plus fréquente chez les premiers. Conclusion. -Identifier les spécificités de l'uxoricide participerait au repérage précoce des situations de violences conjugales à risque létal et à l'élaboration de stratégies de prévention.

Female circumcision or Female Genital Mutilation or has been practiced in Indonesia and considered as local wisdom and even obligatory, according to religion view. By using doctrinal legal research method written in this inscription, it is mentioned above that circumstance will be examined through a perspective of gender rights, describing genital mutilation as sexual violence and therefore, human rights violation. This paper will discuss two matters. First, explanation of female genital circumcision according to religion, culture, legal and gender views; Second, reasons for female genital mutilation that are considered as sexual violence against women and girls.

When we see democracy and women in Indian politics, we must liberate “politics” from its narrow sense, which is restricted merely to party politics and elections. The political is a space of freedom and public deliberation on the one hand and a space of power, conflict, and antagonism on the other. Even so, space is the ultimate location and medium of conflict, and hence a critical issue in politics.

In this article, we investigate how gender-based violence (GBV) affects the sexual and reproductive health of impoverished adolescents and young adults. We analyse data from a 2011 survey of 450 young women and 300 young men aged 15-29, living in poor neighbourhoods of three middle-sized cities in Minas Gerais, Brazil. In this survey we used a closed-ended questionnaire to collect data from 150 women and 100 men in each city. Our main goal was to explore the relationship between GBV and young women's autonomy in relation to their sexuality, using indicators appropriate to Brazil. Our results showed a decreased prevalence of condom use at first intercourse and an increased prevalence of teenage pregnancies among young women who were in a relationship with a controlling and violent partner. Lower condom use was observed mostly among young men who acknowledged being violent and controlling towards a partner and they also were more likely to have made a partner pregnant as teenagers themselves. We conclude that some variables utilized here as indicators of control and violence from a partner and of young women's autonomy can help us to understand how GBV inside relationships affects the reproductive and sexual health of young men and women, and how empowering them can reduce their susceptibility to unwanted pregnancies and HIV and other STI infections.

Purpose Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive public health problem. Existing research has focused on reports from victims and few studies have considered pre-marital factors. The main objective of this study was to identify pre-marital predictors of IPV in the current marriage using information obtained from husbands and wives. Methods Data from were obtained from married heterosexual couples in six countries. Potential predictors included demographic and relationship characteristics, adverse childhood experiences, dating violence, and psychiatric disorders. Reports of IPV and other characteristics from husbands and wives were considered independently and in relation to spousal reports. Results Overall, 14.4% of women were victims of IPV in the current marriage. Analyses identified ten significant variables including age at first marriage (husband), education, relative number of previous marriages (wife), history of one or more categories of childhood adversity (husband or wife), history of dating violence (husband or wife), early initiation of sexual intercourse (husband or wife), and four combinations of internalizing and externalizing disorders. The final model was moderately predictive of marital violence, with the 5% of women accounting for 18.6% of all cases of marital IPV. Conclusions Results from this study advance understanding of pre-marital predictors of IPV within current marriages, including the importance of considering differences in the experiences of partners prior to marriage and may provide a foundation for more targeted primary prevention efforts. Members of "The WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators" are listed in acknowledgement section.

Over the past decade a consensus has been growing that intimate partner violence contributes to women's vulnerability to HIV. The usual interpretation is that spousal violence increases the risk of HIV for women. Yet a direct effect on HIV status is unlikely, since there is no apparent direct causal pathway leading from most forms of spousal violence to the acquisition of HIV. We propose a gender-based conceptual framework in which the association between a woman's experience of spousal violence and her HIV status is mediated by two primary pathways: First, the HIV risk behaviors/factors of her husband and, second, her own behavioral and situational HIV risk factors. The study pools Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data across five sub-Saharan African countries and uses a sequence of logistic models to explore these pathways among married couples. The study finds a significant association between multiple forms of spousal violence and women's HIV status, after adjusti...

O projeto objetiva investigar construcoes de genero de mulheres que, vivendo em contextos de violencia contra a juventude negra, praticada pela Policia Militar, foram vitimadas pelas perdas de seus filhos. Tomando como sujeitos mulheres/maes moradoras das periferias, lugares sob constante intervencao do Estado, atraves da Policia Militar, o projeto propoe examinar as experiencias dessas mulheres considerando as representacoes sociais forjadas no racismo, sexismo e marginalizacao. A Bahia ocupa o terceiro lugar no ranking nacional de crimes praticados pela policia militar contra jovens negros. Ancorada no aporte construido pelas teoricas feministas, a pesquisa toma genero como categoria, principio organizador das relacoes sociais, buscando as suas articulacoes com os fatores como raca, classe, sexo e etc. A violencia contra a juventude forjada nas representacoes sociais se configura em opressao contra mulheres. Neste estudo tomo interseccionalidadecomo categoria de analise e proponho...

Violence against women is disturbing, and yet it remains endemic in all societies. The South African Government passed the Domestic Violence Act into law in 1998 (Act 116 of 1998) as part of the country's local and international commitment to protecting the rights of women. The Domestic Violence Act is, however, but one tool for combating gender-based violence. Although violence against women particularly affects women, it also affects society at large in many negative ways. Now it is up to us as a society to determine each member's role in the campaign to eradicate violence against women. The idea is that pastors, police, shelter workers, lawyers, therapists and counsellors should work together to prevent abuse. What is the role of the Church in preventing the abuse of women? What is the role of Scripture in this scenario? The main issue is: what drives men and women to strive for superior and subordinate roles and to be content with the situation? Could the answers to these questions be found in religion, our family structures or traditions? Culture shapes the roles of men and women in society -religion and traditions also play an important role. The Church has the responsibility to help believers understand their proper roles as men and women in marriage, and in society at large. We may not use Scripture to make women feel guilty for leaving an abusive relationship, nor to keep women in subordinate positions, or to encourage the view that men have power over women. Sermons that condemn abuse, won't prevent it as long as we persist in proclaiming that patriarchy is prescribed by God, and that men are superior to women in relationships.

Η Έκθεση παρουσιάζει τα ευρήματα που προέρχονται τόσο από πρωτογενή όσο και από δευτερογενή έρευνα για το φαινόμενο της ενδοοικογενειακής βίας, όπως αυτό διαμορφώνεται σε συνθήκες κρίσης, που –σύμφωνα με τη βιβλιογραφία– επιδεινώνουν την ευαλωτότητα των ατόμων που βιώνουν αποκλεισμούς και ανισότητες, εντείνοντας προϋπάρχοντα κοινωνικά προβλήματα. Εστιάζοντας στις πρόσφατες κρίσεις που καταγράφονται στο ελληνικό πλαίσιο, κύριο στόχο της ερευνητικής διαδικασίας αποτέλεσε η ανάδειξη πτυχών και διαστάσεων του φαινομένου, που προέκυψαν ως αποτέλεσμα ή εν μέσω συνθηκών κρίσης (2008-2022). Παράλληλα, έμφαση δίνεται στην εξέταση συγκεκριμένων παραμέτρων της ενδοοικογενειακής βίας που βιώνουν οι γυναίκες με αναπηρία, οι μετανάστριες και οι προσφύγισσες.

Aboriginal women in Canada are at significantly higher risk for spousal violence and spousal homicide than non-Aboriginal women. Although the majority of Aboriginal people in Canada live in urban settings, there is a dearth of literature focusing on the experiences and violence prevention efforts of urban Aboriginal peoples. In order to understand issues relevant to the prevention of domestic violence among this population, we employed Aboriginal community development principles to conduct a scoping review of the relevant literature to explore the meanings and definitions, risk and protective factors, and prevention/intervention strategies within urban Aboriginal communities. Our study underscores that a number of domestic violence risk and protective factors are present in both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal communities. However, the multifaceted impacts of colonization, including residential school trauma is a key factor in understanding domestic violence in urban Aboriginal contex...

La violencia filio-parental se define como aquellas conductas que conducen a una situación de humillación, acoso y desafío a la autoridad parental con la intención de dominar y lastimar a los padres. Esta violencia conlleva graves consecuencias negativas para padres e hijos (Alemany, 2019; Calvete et al., 2015; 2019; Contreras y Cano, 2016; Del-Hoyo et al., 2020; Ibabe y Jaureguizar, 2011; Ibabe, 2019, 2020) y su incidencia es creciente (Padilla-Falcón y Moreno-Manso, 2019). Sin embargo, no todos los casos son denunciados y se estima que hay un número muy elevado de situaciones de violencia filio-parental que no son denunciadas ni detectadas (Carrascosa et al., 2018; Loinaz y De Sousa, 2019). Para la detección temprana de estos casos y el desarrollo de intervenciones para su prevención son necesarios estudios amplios y completos, con muestras comunitarias de adolescentes. Por ello, esta Tesis Doctoral se planteó con el objetivo de elaborar un perfil psicosocial amplio de las caracte...

Background: The term ‘moral injury’ refers to ‘the lastingpsychological, biological, spiritual, behavioural, and socialimpact of perpetrating, failing to prevent, or bearing witnessto acts that transgress deeply held moral beliefs andexpectations’ (Litz et al., 2009). Although moral injury isnot observed as a psychiatric disorder, it may have greatimpact on mental health. In military populations, moralinjury is related to poor self-forgiveness, shame, guilt, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance use and suicidality (Drescher et al., 2011; Litz et al., 2009). Although itis assumed that moral injury also occurs in other populationssuch as refugees, research has not yet systematically studiedmoral injury in this group. Therefore, little is known aboutthe psychological consequences of moral injury in this population. Objective: The aim of this study is to explore theconcept of moral injury in refugees with PTSD by meansof a semi-structuredinterview and a self-report questionna...

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi serta menyelesaikan masalah di Dusun Wanujoyo Kidul dengan pendekatan Participatory Action Research (PAR). Dalam penggalian data yang dilakukan, salah satu masalah yang teridentifikasi adalah masalah dalam kepengurusan PKK. Masyarakat terlibat penuh secara aktif dalam mengidentifikasi masalah yang terjadi serta mendiskusikan teknik intervensi yang paling cocok untuk diaplikasikan. Psikoedukasi mengenai manajemen organisasi yang diberikan kepada pengurus dan beberapa anggota PKK dipilih untuk membantu menyelesaikan masalah ini. Hasilnya, sebagian anggota PKK menunjukkan minat untuk terlibat dalam kepengurusan PKK periode berikutnya. Selain itu, pengurus PKK merasa lebih memahami manajemen organisasi, terutama kaitannya dengan cara dan pola kaderisasi yang tepat. Kata Kunci: Psikoedukasi, manajemen organisasi, motivasi organisasi, PKK

Domestic violence perpetrated is a public health problem commonly for women in developing nation like Nepal.Major causes of domestic violence are unemployment, alcohol drink, lack of education, loneliness, crowded livingspaces, lack of privacy. These factors may be aggravated by pandemic such as COVID-19. Women experiencefrom domestic violence due to dominant patriarchal culture combined with a lack of self-awareness and educationamongst adult males. Domestic violence is mostly instigated by intimate partners and maybe intensified due to theunusual stress of pandemic stress and spending increased time with wives and families. Domestic violence usuallymanifested in the form of adverse physical, mental and social health. The COVID-19 pandemic may have increasedthat adverse health of women in Nepal. Preventive strategies of domestic violence could be self-awareness,counselling, create a job, stop living alone at home, sharing with all family members and strong governmentalrules. This p...

Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn Skoða/Opna(view/open) Markmið endurhæfingar á geðsviði er að hjálpa þeim sem hafa átt við langvarandi og alvarlega geðsjúkdóma að stríða að ná betri færni í félagslegum, tilfinningalegum og hugrænum þáttum sem nauðsynlegir eru í lífinu til náms- og atvinnuþátttöku í samfélaginu með lágmarksstuðningi frá fagfólki. Þegar fólk fer á bráðasjúkrahús vegna skurðaðgerðar eða til annarskonar meðferðar er fólk vant því að heilbrigðisstarfsmenn beri aðallega ábyrgð á meðferðinni og segi þeim hvað þeir eiga að gera. Í endurhæfingu er hins vegar mikið lagt upp úr þátttöku og ábyrgð þeirra sem þiggja þjónustuna og lögð áhersla á að fólk taki þátt í því að setja sér endurhæfingarmarkmið. L eitast er við að horfa á einstaklinginn á heildrænan hátt í stað þess að einblínt sé á sjúkdómsgreiningar. Áhersla er lögð á að skoða hvernig virkni einstaklingsins er og hvað takmarkar getu hans og virkni, í stað þess að sko...

The articles included in this book are a reflection of interdisciplinary, social and humanistic discourse to do with various controversies around the socialization of girls and women. The authors have used multilevel narration about educational sciences: socialization, education, upbringing and psychological and pedagogical help. The book is divided into two parts. The first one is to do with social, cultural and pedagogical context; the second one deals with behavioral and emotional problems od girls and woman. The book is written booth for students and researchers and practitioners who care about socialization, upbringing and psychological and pedagogical help. It is intended especially for readers who deal with learning about and passing patterns and values of social life.

The work analyses the interrelationship between the obligation to return the child in cases of international abduction, the protection of the best interests of the child, and the respect for family life protected by the European Convention on Human Rights. The absence of an explicit reference to the best interests of the child in the 1980 Hague Convention has posed some articulation problems with the ECHR following the assumption by the Strasbourg Court that the child’s interest prevails over others that may exist in the application of Article 8 of the ECHR. To solve the articulation problems between the instruments on international child abduction and the ECHR, it is proposed to grant the authorities of the state of the child’s residence before the relocation the competence to decide on their return; limiting the authorities of the state to which the child has been relocated to pronounce on the recognition of the decision made in the child’s state of origin.

Farmers in Banjarnegara Regency contribute to agricultural development and economic development, so it is very important to be given protection and empowerment through the making of local regulations made by the DPRD. Farming communities can participate in the formation of local regulations by giving their aspirations. However, there are obstacles in the implementation of duties and authority of DPRD in advocating the aspirations of farmers through the formation of local regulations.

BACKGROUND: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a worldwide epidemic that is often overlooked, ignored, and underreported. However, it greatly affects the health of women, especially in pregnancy. Healthcare providers and other staff may be in the optimal positions to screen and to identify victims of IPV. The objective of this project is to implement an evidencebased IPV screening tool and protocol for all pregnant and postpartum women, visiting the Women's Health Department at Waianae Coast Comprehensive Health Center (WCCHC). METHODS: Based on a literature review, the Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS), a five-item tool that assesses for physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, was implemented in the Women's Health department from August to November 2014. In addition, an updated IPV screening and intervention protocol was implemented. Data was collected prior to and after the implementation of the new screening tool and protocol. Descriptive statistics and trend analysis was completed. OUTCOMES: The AAS, used to screen pregnant women during initial OB visits, revealed an overall IPV rate of 14.6% (6% current IPV, 9% history of IPV), when screened by APRNs. The APRNs had an overall 90.2% screening rate. The perinatal case managers revealed a 6.7% current IPV rate and 10.8% history of IPV in pregnant women, with an overall 63.2% screening rate. Postpartum screening by APRNs revealed an overall 56.5% screening rate, with a 9.8% IPV rate. The most common interventions for women who screened positive for IPV were being counseled directly by the provider and being given a phone resource card, which includes the IPV shelter numbers and local IPV information line. A small percentage of women were referred to Behavioral Health. iii CONCLUSION: Routine IPV screening for all women seeking prenatal and postpartum care is critical in order to identify and help victims of IPV. Use of the AAS and the new screening and intervention protocol has increased the identification of victims of IPV. Providers should continue to screen for IPV and provide services to pregnant and postpartum women.

Background: Rising rates of childhood obesity have become a pressing issue in public health, threatening both the mental and physical well-being of children. Attempts to address this problem are multifaceted, and in England include the National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP) which assesses weight status in English primary school children in reception class (aged 4–5) and in year 6 (aged 10–11), with results being sent out to parents. However the effectiveness and impact of this routine parental feedback has yet to be fully understood. This paper reports one component of a mixed methods study undertaken in North East England, examining the impact of the feedback letters on parents’ understanding and feelings about their child’s weight status and whether or not this seemed likely to lead to behaviour change. Methods: One-to-one semi-structured interviews (n = 16) were conducted with a sample of parents/guardians after they had received their child’s weight results letter. Eight pa...