Coriolis effect

This paper examines the role of potential vorticity (PV) balance in source- and sink-driven flows between two basins. As shown in previous studies, PV advection into a basin, say a positive PV advection, requires a negative frictional torque to maintain a steady PV balance. This sense of torque may be provided by a cyclonic boundary current within the basin. The PV advection through a channel is due almost entirely to advection of planetary PV, f/H, where f is the Coriolis parameter and H is the column thickness. Therefore a localized change of depth, and thus H in the channel, directly affects the PV transport and will result in a basinwide change of the circulation pattern. For example, if the channel depth is made shallower while holding the transport fixed, the PV advection is then increased and the result may be a strong recirculation within the basin, as much as two orders of magnitude greater than the transport through the channel. When the basins are connected by two channel...

The teaching of abstract physics concepts can be enhanced by incorporating visual and haptic sensory modalities in the classroom, using the correct perspectives. We have developed virtual reality simulations to assist students in learning the Coriolis effect, an apparent deflection on an object in motion when observed from within a rotating frame of reference. Twenty four undergraduate physics students participated in this study. Students were able to feel the forces through feedback on a Novint Falcon device. The assessment results show an improvement in the learning experience and better content retention as compared with traditional instruction methods. We prove that large scale deployment of visuo-haptic reconfigurable applications is now possible and feasible in a science laboratory setup.

A nonlinear stability analysis is performed for the Darcy equations of thermal convection in a fluid-saturated porous medium when the medium is rotating about an axis orthogonal to the layer in the direction of gravity. A best possible result is established in that we show that the global nonlinear stability Rayleigh number is exactly the same as that for linear instability. It is important to realize that the nonlinear stability boundary holds unconditionally, i.e. for all initial data, and thus for the rotating porous convection problem governed by the Darcy equations, subcritical instabilities are not possible.

The long-term behavior of tropical cyclones in the prototype problem for cyclone intensification on an f plane is examined using a nonhydrostatic, three-dimensional numerical model. After reaching a mature intensity, the model storms progressively decay while both the inner-core size, characterized by the radius of the eyewall, and the size of the outer circulation—measured, for example, by the radius of the gale-force winds—progressively increase. This behavior is explained in terms of a boundary layer control mechanism in which the expansion of the swirling wind in the lower troposphere leads through boundary layer dynamics to an increase in the radii of forced eyewall ascent as well as to a reduction in the maximum tangential wind speed in the layer. These changes are accompanied by changes in the radial and vertical distribution of diabatic heating. As long as the aggregate effects of inner-core convection, characterized by the distribution of diabatic heating, are able to draw ...

Atmospheric blockings are persistent large-scale climate patterns with duration between days and weeks. In principle, blockings might involve a large number of modes interacting non-linearly, and a conclusive description for their onset and duration is still elusive. In this paper we introduce a simplified account for this phenomena by means of a single-triad of Rossby-Hawritz waves perturbed by one topography mode. It is shown that the dynamical features of persistent atmospheric patterns have zero measure in the phase space of an unperturbed triad, but such measure becomes finite for the perturbed dynamics. By this account we suggest that static inhomogeneities in the twodimensional atmospheric layer are required for locking flow patterns in real space.

The long-term behavior of tropical cyclones in the prototype problem for cyclone intensification on an f plane is examined using a nonhydrostatic, three-dimensional numerical model. After reaching a mature intensity, the model storms progressively decay while both the inner-core size, characterized by the radius of the eyewall, and the size of the outer circulation—measured, for example, by the radius of the gale-force winds—progressively increase. This behavior is explained in terms of a boundary layer control mechanism in which the expansion of the swirling wind in the lower troposphere leads through boundary layer dynamics to an increase in the radii of forced eyewall ascent as well as to a reduction in the maximum tangential wind speed in the layer. These changes are accompanied by changes in the radial and vertical distribution of diabatic heating. As long as the aggregate effects of inner-core convection, characterized by the distribution of diabatic heating, are able to draw ...

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports,

One hypothesis currently under active study is that solar magnetic fields are generated by dynamo action at the bottom of the convection zone, and then rise through the zone to the photosphere due to magnetic buoyancy. In order to study the effect of the Coriolis force due to solar rotation on the rising magnetic flux, we consider a flux ring, azimuthally symmetric around the rotation axis, starting from rest at the bottom of the convection zone, and then we follow the trajectory of the flux ring as it rises. If we assume the flux ring remains azimuthally symmetric during its ascent, then the problem can be described essentially in terms of two parameters: the value of the initial magnetic field in the ring when it starts, and the effective drag experienced by it (which is related to the radius of cross section of the ring). For field strengths at the bottom of the convection zone of order 10 5 G or less, we find that the Coriolis force plays a dominant role and flux rings starting from low latitudes at the bottom are deflected and emerge at latitudes significantly poleward of sunspot zones. We discuss implications of this result for the Sun and for other stars.

It is shown from simple physical arguments that the material equations of a gas should have fr~e~e~ndent terms of the kind appeasing in the Burnett equations. This indicates severe ~~~tjons of the range of validity of the Principle of Material Frame-Indifference.

In this paper, the dynamic behavior of a pipe conveying fluid, with a sprung mass moving on it is studied. The governing equation is obtained in the transverse and longitudinal directions based on the nonlinear Von-Karman sense, by which large displacements may be taken into account. The effect of rotary inertia is also considered. Using the Galerkin method with appropriate shape functions, the dynamic equations are discretized spatially. In developing the equations of motion, a nonsymmetric damping matrix emerges due to the Coriolis effect. As a result, the eigen-values (damped natural frequencies) and eigenvectors (mode shapes) are to be obtained by the state-space method. First, only the effect of fluid flow is considered, and the results obtained show good agreement with analytical ones under different fluid velocities. After validation of the results, the effect of a moving sprung mass with damping is added to the system, and using the Newmark-b integration scheme, the response of the system is obtained for different moving load and fluid velocities. The results show that moving mass changes the dynamic properties of the system on the one hand, and acts as an external source of force in the vibration the system on the other.

The motion of a liquid in an open cylindrical tank rotating at a constant rate around its vertical axis of symmetry, a configuration called Newton’s bucket, is investigated using a linear stability approach. This flow is shown to be affected by several families of waves, all weakly damped by viscosity. The wave families encountered correspond to: surface waves which can be driven either by gravity or centrifugal acceleration, inertial waves due to Coriolis acceleration which are singular in the inviscid limit, and Rossby waves due to height variations of the fluid layer. These waves are described in the inviscid and viscous cases by means of mathematical considerations, global stability analysis and various asymptotic methods; and their properties are investigated over a large range of parameters$(a,Fr)$, with$a$the aspect ratio and$Fr$the Froude number.

A technique for calculating ballistic density from Satellite Infrared Spectrometer (SIRS) radiance data has been developed and evaluated. The experiments with both simulated radiances and real-time radiances show the technique has considerable skill in computing ballistic density.

Earth rotation effects on the internal wave field in a stratified small lake: Numerical simulations The Princeton Ocean Model was applied to the Sau Reservoir, a medium-sized Mediterranean reservoir (5.7 km 2) located in Catalonia, Spain, during the summer season, when the water column is continuously stratified and forced by a breeze regime with velocities of up to 3-4 m/s. Based on our simulations, the internal wave field has been analysed and the numerical results compared with the field data previously analysed by other authors. The model adequately reproduces all the significant modes observed. The simulations show the importance of rotational modes on the internal wave field. The Burger number S for all rotating internal waves is on the order of 10 −1 , and the internal Rossby radius R is on the order of 10 2 m, that is, smaller than the width of the lacustrine area of the reservoir (10 3 m). Specifically, two rotating third vertical modes were found during the analysed period: the first, a 24-hour period, was forced by the wind and the phase rotated clockwise; and the second, a 12-hour period, can be interpreted as a second azimuthal horizontal mode of a Poincaré wave. A second vertical mode of 8 hours was observed to rotate counter clockwise, although in this case the Earth's rotation appears not to have been of importance because the same results could be obtained without taking into account the Coriolis force. Finally, two first vertical modes, one of 6 hours and the other of 5 hours, were observed, although with no rotational behaviour. These modes correspond, respectively, to the first and second horizontal stationary modes. Further analysis of the simulated velocities shows the existence of a net clockwise flow along the shore as a consequence of the dominant mode of 24 hours, with a mean velocity of 0.5 m/s that reverses at a distance of about 300 m from the coast. Preliminary results based on the simulated velocity field predict horizontal trajectories of passive particles of up to 1 km per day and vertical displacements of up to 5 m across the entire water column.

The idea of building a space station has been quite a topic since the early 20th century. The early ideas of building a space station are mainly for space exploration and research on the space environment which has many unknowns to us. However, some design ideas have been proposed by physicists, researchers, and professors with a purpose for humans permanently able to build colonies in space. Some of the famous ideas are the design of Stanford Torus and Bernal Sphere whose research ideas have been studied until these days as the basis and reference to construct a permanently habitable space station. In this project, I will be proposing my own idea of an alternative design of a space station for human habitability. Throughout the report of this project, I will mostly call it a space habitat instead of a space station for the design of this project. Before I can propose an alternate design of the space habitat, I will first be studying the fundamental terms and knowledge related to it so that I can come to a solution for the design. The challenges of living in a space environment will be studied and presented in this report. Some of the famous existing space station designs for human colonization such as Stanford Torus and Bernal Sphere will be studied to know the principal requirement to build a space station for human habitability and some of the space stations from famous science-fiction movies will also be studied to gain ideas on structuring the design of the space habitat of this project. After studying is done, the design for the space habitat will be presented in the project that is done using Siemens NX12 PLM Software. The key characteristic of the space habitat will also be presented in this report such as how artificial gravity is generated inside the space habitat, the estimation of the population that can be accommodated inside the space habitat, the Coriolis effect experienced inside the habitat, the power source, lighting system and the thermal control system of the space habitat. As a conclusion of this project, the design that has been made will be compared to the other space stations for human habitability that have been studied. Finally, suggestions for improvement will be given in the case of any further studies or research on this project.

In this work, we present a numerical method based on a sparse grid approximation to compute the loss distribution of the balance sheet of a financial or an insurance company. We first describe, in a stylised way, the assets and liabilities dynamics that are used for the numerical estimation of the balance sheet distribution. For the pricing and hedging model, we chose a classical Black & choles model with a stochastic interest rate following a Hull & White model. The risk management model describing the evolution of the parameters of the pricing and hedging model is a Gaussian model. The new numerical method is compared with the traditional nested simulation approach. We review the convergence of both methods to estimate the risk indicators under consideration. Finally, we provide numerical results showing that the sparse grid approach is extremely competitive for models with moderate dimension.

An experimental setup is described which permits to rotate a bladed disk in vacuum and to measure its dynamic response to excitations provided by some embedded piezoelectric actuators. A particular spatial placement of actuators associated with phase-shifting electronic circuits is set for simulating travelling wave excitations with respect to the rotating frame. The system is demonstrated on an actual high-pressure compressor (HCP) integrally bladed disk. The dynamic response of the blisk is analyzed experimentally and results are correlated with those obtained from a simplified finite elements model taking into account Coriolis effect. The paper focuses on the influence of the latter which is most of the time neglected and its implication on the forced response levels is studied into two situations without or with mistuning.

We consider a discretization of quasilinear elliptic boundary value problems by the mortar version of finite element method. We show that the error estimate is of the same order as in the standard conforming finite element method. We propose a method of solving the discrete problem and prove its convergence. The method combines the Schwarz preconditioning technique with the Richardson-Newton method.

We propose a method to explain the behavior of the Godunov finite volume scheme applied to the linear wave equation with Coriolis source term at low Froude number. In particular, we use the Hodge decomposition and we study the properties of the modified equation associated to the Godunov scheme. Based on the structure of the discrete kernel of the linear operator discretized by using the Godunov scheme, we clearly explain the inaccuracy of the classical Godunov scheme at low Froude number and we introduce the way to modify it to recover a good accuracy.

Mesoscale anticyclonic eddies occasionally propagate westward across the Dongsha atoll situated on the continental slope in the northern South China Sea (SCS). Satellite observations of this phenomenon are used to identify eddy weakening and deforming. Stronger anticyclonic eddies are weakening within a distance of 30-120 km from the atoll. A weaker anticyclone with an eddy diameter of 120 km, a sea-level slope of 8.3 × 10 −8 , a Reynolds number of 17, and a slow moving speed (2.5 km/d) in the SCS can be split into two smaller eddies.

We derive fully nonlinear, weakly dispersive model equations for propagation of surface gravity waves in a shallow, homogeneous ocean of variable depth on the surface of a rotating sphere. A numerical model is developed for the weakly nonlinear version of the model based on a combined finite-volume and finitedifference method with a fourth-order MUSCL-TVD scheme in space and a third-order SSP Runge-Kutta scheme in time. In the context of tsunami generation and propagation over trans-oceanic distances, a scaling analysis reveals that the importance of frequency dispersion increases with a decrease of the source width, while the effect of the Coriolis force increases with an increase of the source width. A sensitivity analysis to dispersive and Coriolis effects is carried out using the numerical model in a series of numerical experiments in an idealized ocean using Gaussian and di-polar sources with different source sizes. A simulation of the Tohoku 2011 tsunami is used to illustrate the effects of dispersive and Coriolis effects at large distances from the source region.

The dynamics of axisymmetric slender liquid bridges in isorotation under /ig conditions is studied. Slendernesses of the bridge very cióse to the static stability limit for cylindrical bridges are considered. The inviscid three-dimensional problem is solved in the neighborhood of that stability limit following a regular perturbation approach. A nonlinear model where the pressure and velocity fields are coupled with the free-surface deformation is obtained. The free-surface deformation in the case of stable configurations is analyzed. The effect of Coriolis forces in the dynamics of the bridge turns out to be very important: for large valúes of the rotation speed the movement of the free surface is very irregular, and its amplitude is much smaller than that in the case of small rotation.

The idea of building a space station has been quite a topic since the early 20th century. The early ideas of building a space station are mainly for space exploration and research on the space environment which has many unknowns to us. However, some design ideas have been proposed by physicists, researchers, and professors with a purpose for humans permanently able to build colonies in space. Some of the famous ideas are the design of Stanford Torus and Bernal Sphere whose research ideas have been studied until these days as the basis and reference to construct a permanently habitable space station. In this project, I will be proposing my own idea of an alternative design of a space station for human habitability. Throughout the report of this project, I will mostly call it a space habitat instead of a space station for the design of this project. Before I can propose an alternate design of the space habitat, I will first be studying the fundamental terms and knowledge related to it so that I can come to a solution for the design. The challenges of living in a space environment will be studied and presented in this report. Some of the famous existing space station designs for human colonization such as Stanford Torus and Bernal Sphere will be studied to know the principal requirement to build a space station for human habitability and some of the space stations from famous science-fiction movies will also be studied to gain ideas on structuring the design of the space habitat of this project. After studying is done, the design for the space habitat will be presented in the project that is done using Siemens NX12 PLM Software. The key characteristic of the space habitat will also be presented in this report such as how artificial gravity is generated inside the space habitat, the estimation of the population that can be accommodated inside the space habitat, the Coriolis effect experienced inside the habitat, the power source, lighting system and the thermal control system of the space habitat. As a conclusion of this project, the design that has been made will be compared to the other space stations for human habitability that have been studied. Finally, suggestions for improvement will be given in the case of any further studies or research on this project.

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188),

Symptoms after surgery and anaesthesia influence the patient´s ability to resume daily activities. If postoperative symptoms are controlled rehabilitation may be accelerated. The aims of this dissertation were to identify disturbing symptoms reported by patients after gynaecological surgery, to investigate what effect prohylactic treatment with antiemetics has on these symptoms and whether or not sensory simulation of the P6-acupressure has an effect on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and motion sickness. Methods: Total 1138 women participated in three clinical trials (Studies I, II, III) and one experimental study (Study IV). A questionnaire investigating postoperative symptoms was constructed and validated. The questionnaire was used in a prospective, consecutive, doubleblind, randomised, multicentre, and controlled study to identify incidence, and intensity of postoperative symptoms and the effect of common antiemetics (droperidol and granisetron) (Study III). The patients were followed for 24 h. In two studies (I, II) P6-acupressure was compared (prospective, double-blind, ransomised, controlled) with placebo acupressure and a reference group where the effect on PONV was followed over 24 h. The effect of P6acupressure and placebo acupressure on motion sickness induced by a nauseogenic motion challenge was studied (Study III). Results: A high incidence and severity of postoperative symptoms were found after gynaecological surgery in a group with a high risk (>30%) for PONV. Sixty-four per cent (107/165) of the patients experienced disturbing symptoms after surgery and 46 % (76/165) scored their symptoms as moderate to very severe. Fourty-eight per cent (79/165) had two or more symptoms. A higher incidence of symptoms were reported in the groups with prophylactic treatment, granisetron 74% (123/165) and droperidol 80% (133/165) compared to the control group 41% (69/165) (P <0.05). The relative risk reduction for PONV with granisetron or droperidol prophylaxis is 27% respective 22%. The relative risk increase for headache is 63% after granisetron, and 44% for difficulty with accommodation after droperidol. Less PONV was seen after P6-acupressure, 33% (44/135) compared to reference group 46% (63/136) (p = 0.019), number needed to treat (NNT) was 7 [95% confidence interval (CI) 4-6]. When comparing laparoscopic and vaginal surgery (subgroup analysis) the main effect was in the vaginal group (day-case surgery), 36% (27/75) in the reference group to 27% (23/86) in the placebo group and to 20% (17/84) in the P6-acupressure group, (P = 0.017), NNT for the vaginal group was 6 [95% CI 3-18]. P6-acupressure increased time to nausea after a laboratory motion challenge and reduced the total number of symptoms reported (p <0.009). Conclusions: There is no clinical efficacy in the form of reduced postoperative symptoms after prophylactic antiemetics (droperidol and granisetron) in females with a high risk (>30%) for PONV undergoing gynaecological surgery. P6-acupressure reduces the incidence of PONV after gynaecological surgery in females with a high (>30%) risk for PONV. The effect seems to be most prominent after vaginal surgery. P6-acupressure increased tolerance to experimental nausogenic stimuli and reduced the total number of symptoms reported in females with a history of motion sickness.

We develop a family of cut finite element methods of different orders based on the discontinuous Galerkin framework, for hyperbolic conservation laws with stationary interfaces in both one and two space dimensions, and for moving interfaces in one space dimension. Interface conditions are imposed weakly and so that both conservation and stability are ensured. A CutFEM with discontinuous elements in space is developed and coupled to standard explicit time stepping schemes for linear advection problems and the acoustic wave problem with stationary interfaces. In the case of moving interfaces, we propose a space-time CutFEM based on discontinuous elements both in space and time for linear advection problems. We show that the proposed CutFEM are conservative and energy stable. For the stationary interface case an a priori error estimate is proven. Numerical computations in both one and two space dimensions support the analysis, and in addition demonstrate that the proposed methods have ...

A novel canonical Hamiltonian formalism is developed for long internal waves in a rotating environment. This includes the effects of background vorticity and shear on the waves. By restricting consideration to flows in hydrostatic balance, superimposed on a horizontally uniform background of vertical shear and vorticity, a particularly simple Hamiltonian structure arises, which can be thought of as describing a nonlinearly coupled infinite collection of shallow water systems. The kinetic equation describing the time evolution of the spectral energy of internal waves is subsequently derived, and a stationary Kolmogorov solution is found in the high frequency limit. This is surprisingly close to the Garrett--Munk spectrum of oceanic internal waves.

The effect of Coriolis force on turbulent channel flow has been sought in a more general manner by taking into account the alignment between the rotation axis and the direction of mean pressure gradient and the rotation rate as well. Three different, but orthogonal rotation vectors coincident with the Cartesian coordinates have been imposed on a plane channel, in which homogeneity is presumed in the planes parallel to the wall. A series of DNS has been performed for each case starting from the non-rotating plane channel, while increasing the rotation number and keeping the Reynolds number based on the friction velocity at 150. Detailed statistics are obtained including mean quantities, turbulent intensities, vorticities, and higher-order moments. The budgets of transport equations of the quantities relevant to turbulence modeling are prepared for the three orthogonal cases in order to help assessing turbulence models. An attempt to investigate the near-wall structures has been tried.

The effect of Coriolis force on turbulent channel flow has been sought in a more general manner by taking into account the alignment between the rotation axis and the direction of mean pressure gradient and the rotation rate as well. Three different, but orthogonal rotation vectors coincident with the Cartesian coordinates have been imposed on a plane channel, in which homogeneity is presumed in the planes parallel to the wall. A series of DNS has been performed for each case starting from the non-rotating plane channel, while increasing the rotation number and keeping the Reynolds number based on the friction velocity at 150. Detailed statistics are obtained including mean quantities, turbulent intensities, vorticities, and higher-order moments. The budgets of transport equations of the quantities relevant to turbulence modeling are prepared for the three orthogonal cases in order to help assessing turbulence models. An attempt to investigate the near-wall structures has been tried.

We construct a solution to a 2 × 2 strictly hyperbolic system of conservation laws, showing that the Godunov scheme [12] can produce an arbitrarily large amount of oscillations. This happens when the speed of a shock is close to rational, inducing a resonance with the grid. Differently from the Glimm scheme or the vanishing viscosity method, for systems of conservation laws our counterexample indicates that no a priori BV bounds or L1 stability estimates can in general be valid for finite difference schemes. 1

One hypothesis currently under active study is that solar magnetic fields are generated by dynamo action at the bottom of the convection zone, and then rise through the zone to the photosphere due to magnetic buoyancy. In order to study the effect of the Coriolis force due to solar rotation on the rising magnetic flux, we consider a flux ring, azimuthally symmetric around the rotation axis, starting from rest at the bottom of the convection zone, and then we follow the trajectory of the flux ring as it rises. If we assume the flux ring remains azimuthally symmetric during its ascent, then the problem can be described essentially in terms of two parameters: the value of the initial magnetic field in the ring when it starts, and the effective drag experienced by it (which is related to the radius of cross section of the ring). For field strengths at the bottom of the convection zone of order 10 5 G or less, we find that the Coriolis force plays a dominant role and flux rings starting from low latitudes at the bottom are deflected and emerge at latitudes significantly poleward of sunspot zones. We discuss implications of this result for the Sun and for other stars.

lb RESTRICTIVE MARKINGS 2a. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUIHUKII Y 3. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY OF REPORT Approved for public release; distribution is 2b. DECLASSIFICATION / DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE unlimited /04 4. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) S. MONITORING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) AFATL-TP-89-08. .6 a. NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 6b. OFFICE SYMBOL 7a. NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATION

lb RESTRICTIVE MARKINGS 2a. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUIHUKII Y 3. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY OF REPORT Approved for public release; distribution is 2b. DECLASSIFICATION / DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE unlimited /04 4. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) S. MONITORING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) AFATL-TP-89-08. .6 a. NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 6b. OFFICE SYMBOL 7a. NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATION

This paper gives a theory of spectral approximation for closed operators in Banach spaces. The perturbation theory developed in this paper is applied to the study of a finite element procedure for approximating the spectral properties of a differential system modeling a fluid in a rotating basin.

This paper gives a theory of spectral approximation for closed operators in Banach spaces. The perturbation theory developed in this paper is applied to the study of a finite element procedure for approximating the spectral properties of a differential system modeling a fluid in a rotating basin.

Wavebreaking turbulence induced by internal gravity waves which exist commonly in the planetary atmospheres plays an awntially important role in generation and maintenance of the homospheres. It is essumed from observations on the Earth that the scale height of vertikal distribution of the vertical wavenumber is 34/7 times as large as the density scale height If, and that the intrinsic frequency is given by thren timca the magnitude of an eflective Coriolis paramerter l/l. Then the number density at the homopause level is s*pressed by a universal function of a non-dimensional parameter hIf/lfl, where b is the collision parameter. Observed values of bH/I/I for many planets are rather similar, and the homopause levels are controlled at number densities N lo***' m-s on those planets.

The theory of the vibrational angular momentum terna ~t 2 in the effective molecular rotational Hamilton operator is briefly reviewed. Novel vibrational matrix elements of ~z, offdiagonal in the basis of the coupled linear oscillator basis functions, ate derived for asymmetric top molecules. These matrix elements contain two or three distinct vibrational quantum numbers, respectively. A group-theoretical scheme; the use of repeated Jahn's rules, is given for testing the existenoe of the proposed matrix elements. Finally suggestions are made for the application of the latter.

Generation of cyclonic vortices in the middle layer of flow around a large mountain like Tibet and Rocky was investigated by means of a 3-D nonhydrostatic meteorological prognostic model. Special attention was paid to the effects of the earth's rotation and stratification on the vortices detached successively from the slope of a high and large horizontal scale mountain. It was found the successive formation and detachment of such 'von Karman-like vortices' occurred in the flow regime at high Rossby numbers Ro and low Froude numbers Fr. It was successfully divided by the criterion of baroclinic instability. This means that if the condition is unstable baroclinically, a lee vortex is destabilized into a three-dimensional one, while under baroclinically stable conditions the lee vortex with vertical axis retains its standing structure and remains long lasting in the middle layer.

Generation of cyclonic vortices in the middle layer of flow around a large mountain like Tibet and Rocky was investigated by means of a 3-D nonhydrostatic meteorological prognostic model. Special attention was paid to the effects of the earth’s rotation and stratification on the vortices detached successively from the slope of a high and large horizontal scale mountain. It was

In this paper, we clarify several outstanding issues concerning the predominant mechanism of vorticity generation in mesoscale convective vortices (MCVs) in weak to modest baroclinic environments with nonzero Coriolis parameter. We examine also the corresponding diabatic heating profiles of the convective and stratiform components of the MCS and their effects on the concentration and dilution of PV substance.

The focus of this study is to promote relevant modeling survey on Land-Ocean coupling modeling approach applicable for the bay and estuary zone affected by river inflow and associated pollution from the Abukuma river basin in Japan. The modeling approach has been studied by combining hydrological model and ocean circulation model (MSSG model, JAMSTEC) which runs within supercomputer (ES2), and associated data manipulation techniques for boundary conditions of hydrological and oceanographic modeling. There were simulated 3 different cases, at first circulation of ocean itself induced by its own temperature and salinity data differences, at second response of the ocean circulation to inflow from the river outlet, and finally response of the ocean to river inflow with included rotation of the Earth as Coriolis effect.

The theory of the vibrational angular momentum terna ~t 2 in the effective molecular rotational Hamilton operator is briefly reviewed. Novel vibrational matrix elements of ~z, offdiagonal in the basis of the coupled linear oscillator basis functions, ate derived for asymmetric top molecules. These matrix elements contain two or three distinct vibrational quantum numbers, respectively. A group-theoretical scheme; the use of repeated Jahn's rules, is given for testing the existenoe of the proposed matrix elements. Finally suggestions are made for the application of the latter.

The focus of this study is to promote relevant modeling survey on Land-Ocean coupling modeling approach applicable for the bay and estuary zone affected by river inflow and associated pollution from the Abukuma river basin in Japan. The modeling approach has been studied by combining hydrological model and ocean circulation model (MSSG model, JAMSTEC) which runs within supercomputer (ES2), and associated data manipulation techniques for boundary conditions of hydrological and oceanographic modeling. There were simulated 3 different cases, at first circulation of ocean itself induced by its own temperature and salinity data differences, at second response of the ocean circulation to inflow from the river outlet, and finally response of the ocean to river inflow with included rotation of the Earth as Coriolis effect.

The dynamics of axisymmetric slender liquid bridges in isorotation under /ig conditions is studied. Slendernesses of the bridge very cióse to the static stability limit for cylindrical bridges are considered. The inviscid three-dimensional problem is solved in the neighborhood of that stability limit following a regular perturbation approach. A nonlinear model where the pressure and velocity fields are coupled with the free-surface deformation is obtained. The free-surface deformation in the case of stable configurations is analyzed. The effect of Coriolis forces in the dynamics of the bridge turns out to be very important: for large valúes of the rotation speed the movement of the free surface is very irregular, and its amplitude is much smaller than that in the case of small rotation.

The dynamics of axisymmetric slender liquid bridges in isorotation under /ig conditions is studied. Slendernesses of the bridge very cióse to the static stability limit for cylindrical bridges are considered. The inviscid three-dimensional problem is solved in the neighborhood of that stability limit following a regular perturbation approach. A nonlinear model where the pressure and velocity fields are coupled with the free-surface deformation is obtained. The free-surface deformation in the case of stable configurations is analyzed. The effect of Coriolis forces in the dynamics of the bridge turns out to be very important: for large valúes of the rotation speed the movement of the free surface is very irregular, and its amplitude is much smaller than that in the case of small rotation.