CP Violation

To study fundamental questions of hadron and nuclear physics in interactions of antiprotons with nucleons and nuclei, the universal PANDA detector will be built. Gluonic excitations, the physics of strange and charm quarks and nucleon structure studies will be performed with unprecedented accuracy thereby allowing high-precision tests of the strong interaction. The proposed PANDA detector is a state-of-the art internal target detector at the HESR at FAIR allowing the detection and identification of neutral and charged particles generated within the relevant angular and energy range. This report presents a summary of the physics accessible at PANDA and what performance can be expected.

In this work, the muon neutrino mass is derived within the M o framework using the relation m νµ = M o (2πm P) 2 , where M o is the minimum mass parameter and m P is the Planck mass. The calculated value is compared to the Particle Data Group (PDG) reported experimental limit. The result coincides with the current upper bound from direct laboratory measurements, yielding a percent error of zero relative to the PDG value.

This report presents a derivation of the muon mass using the Mo framework, incorporating the electron mass and the muon neutrino mass. The formula used is µ = M o (15π 2 m P) 2-m e-m νµ. The predicted mass is then compared to the Particle Data Group (PDG) value, and the percent error is calculated. Detailed computations in both MeV and kilograms are provided. This work demonstrates the predictive capability of the Mo framework for fundamental particle masses.

It has been suggested to realize a factory for 10 9 Z 0 through a linear e + e -collider with polarized beams. Very likely the relevant CP studies for B mesons will already have been performed at the B factories by that time, hence GIGA-Z will be a third generation b physics experiment. Yet such a facility would provide us with unique opportunities in the domain of beauty physics that would be of essential significance even in 2010: (1) Production and decay of polarized beauty baryons; (2) searching for and probing transitions driven by b → qν ν; (3) detailed and comprehensive studies of inclusive semileptonic B s decays.

We propose a new theoretical framework, the Composite Model with Axial Interaction (CMIA), wherein gravity is not a fundamental force but an emergent phenomenon arising from the dynamics of a primordial spacetime lattice. The model is based on a new spin-1 gauge interaction, U (1) 5 , which couples to an axial-vector charge. We rigorously demonstrate, starting from the model's Lagrangian, how the collective excitations of the lattice give rise to a physically consistent spin-2 mode, whose free dynamics is described by a propagator that is mathematically equivalent to the Fierz-Pauli propagator. This single fundamental interaction provides a unified framework for several open problems in physics. The stability of exotic hadronic states-the primary phenomenological motivation for the model-emerges as a binding effect of the axialvector potential. Neutrinos are described as composite particles, whose theoretical consistency (via anomaly cancellation) necessitates the existence of new fundamental fermions (NFE/AFE). These same fermions serve as natural candidates for dark matter, while the lattice dynamics provides a physical mechanism for dark energy. The model offers a rich and testable phenomenology, connecting low-energy nuclear physics with cosmology and quantum gravity. This work presents the complete coherence proof of the emergent gravity mechanism (Phase 2 of our program), a mathematically solid and self-contained result. The derivation of the full non-linear dynamics and its reconciliation with General Relativity (Phase 3) will be presented in a subsequent paper.

Multi Megawatt accelerators are today requested for different use. In particular the experiment DAEδALUS, recently proposed by MIT scientists to search for CP violation in the neutrino sector, needs three accelerators with energy of about 800 MeV, average power of some MW and duty cycle of 20%. To reduce the cost of the accelerators, a cyclotron complex consisting of an injector and of a booster ring cyclotron has been proposed. The main characteristics of the cyclotron injector able to accelerate a H2 + molecule beam up to 50 MeV/n is here presented. Due to the low duty cycle, the peak current is 6 mA. The problem related to the injection of a H2 + beam, delivered by a compact ion source, and to the space charge effects are shortly discussed. The main parameters of the magnet, RF cavities, the isochronous magnetic field and the beam dynamics along the acceleration and extraction path are presented.

The scientific international community in recent years has focused an increasing interest on the neutrino properties. The aim of the IsoDAR (Isotope Decay At Rest) experiment is to look for the existence of sterile neutrinos. To perform this experiment, a cyclotron able to deliver proton beam current up to 10 mA is proposed. This cyclotron is very similar to the DAE�/ ALUS injector cyclotron (DIC), but, due to the required higher average beam current and the experimental underground site, it poses a new ambitious goal in terms of technical solutions.

A four sector compact superconducting cyclotron for light ion beams with a maximum energy of 250 MeV/amu has been studied. This cyclotron is mainly designed to accelerate H 2 + ions to be extracted by stripping. Ions like C, O or Ne can also be accelerated and extracted by stripping. Extraction by stripping allows to overcome many problems, especially if a certain beam intensity is requested. The preliminary design model of the magnet circuit has been accomplished with the 3D electromagnetic code OPERA . The design of the main coils and of the cryostat has been investigated, too. The features of beam dynamics of this cyclotron, including extraction trajectories, will be presented. Several fields of application have been envisaged for this cyclotron, namely nuclear physics, therapy treatment, interdisciplinary research and radioisotope production using low or medium intensity beams.

The Qi-Spin-Torsion (QST) E 8 framework represents the latest formulation of the unified field hypothesis proposed within the Quantum Spin Torsion (QST) theory family. In QST E 8 , the Standard Model gauge group SU(3) C × SU(2) L × U(1) Y is embedded as a lowenergy shadow projection of a higher-symmetry E 8 principal bundle, whose curvature and connection fields are defined over a discrete-scale-invariant (DSI) fractal manifold. A single fundamental field Φ undergoes spontaneous self-organization, generating four coherent subfieldsψ CQF , ψ SE , D(x), V eth-which interact through three tunable "spin-torsion couplers" (κ, g s , σ). The resulting effective theory reproduces the Standard Model particle spectrum, flavor hierarchies, and gauge couplings as emergent geometrical effects of DSI quantization. A defining feature of QST E 8 is its zero-calibration principle: all Yukawa hierarchies and CKM/PMNS mixings originate from discrete integer charges on the E 8 lattice and a single geometrical scaling constant ε = ϕ-3 = 0.2360679. . ., where ϕ is the golden ratio. This report documents the computational verification of that claim by constructing explicit Yukawa textures from integer charge assignments, performing a large-scale grid search, and subsequently optimizing order-one prefactors. The optimized configurations reproduce the full quark mass spectrum and CKM matrix within experimental precisionwithout introducing any continuous fine-tuning parameters.

These lectures give an introduction and the current status of flavour physics in the quark sector, with special attention to the CKM matrix and CP violation. We describe the measurements which contribute to the determination of the CKM matrix elements and how, together with important theoretical developments, they have significantly improved our knowledge on the flavour sector of the Standard Model. These lectures are complemented by the seminar of U. Mallik (see these proceedings) which describes in more details the most recent CP-violating related measurements by the B-factories. The results presented are up-to-date till winter 2004.

Recent improvements to the limit of ∆M Bs imply that pure superweak theories, while not excluded, no longer provide a good fit to the data. A class of general superweak theories is introduced in which all flavor changing interactions are governed by an approximate flavor symmetry which gives a "3 mechanism". These theories are in good agreement with data, and predict low values for |V td |, |V ub /V cb |, B(K + → π + νν), ǫ ′ /ǫ and CP asymmetries in B decays, and high values for ∆M Bs and f B √ B B . An important example of such a theory is provided by weak scale supersymmetric theories with soft CP violation. The CP violation originates in the squark mass matrix, and, with phases of order unity, flavor symmetries can yield a correct prediction for the order of magnitude of ǫ K .

We present evidence for D 0 -D 0 mixing in D 0 → K + π -decays from 384 fb -1 of e + e -collidingbeam data recorded near √ s = 10.6 GeV with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II storage rings at SLAC. We find the mixing parameters x 2 = [-0.22 ± 0.30 (stat.) ± 0.21 (syst.)] × 10 -3 and y = [9.7 ± 4.4 (stat.) ± 3.1 (syst.)] × 10 -3 , and a correlation between them of -0.94. This result is inconsistent with the no-mixing hypothesis with a significance of 3.9 standard deviations. We

We present updated measurements of CP-violating asymmetries in the decays B 0 ! D D and B 0 ! D D ÿ using 383 4 10 6 B B pairs collected by the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II B factory. We determine the time-integrated CP asymmetry A D D 0:12 0:06 0:02, and the time-dependent asymmetry parameters to be C D D ÿ 0:18 0:15 0:04, S D D ÿ ÿ0:79 0:21 0:06, C D ÿ D 0:23 0:15 0:04, S D ÿ D ÿ0:44 0:22 0:06, C D D ÿ 0:11 0:22 0:07, and S D D ÿ ÿ0:54 0:34 0:06, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.

We present measurements of B-meson decays to the final states 0 , 0 f 0 , and 0 K Ã , where K Ã stands for a vector, scalar, or tensor strange meson. We observe a significant signal or evidence for 0 þ and all the 0 K Ã channels. We also measure, where applicable, the charge asymmetries, finding results consistent with no direct CP violation in all cases. The measurements are performed on a data sample consisting of 467 Â 10 6 B " B pairs, collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e þ e À collider at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. Our results favor the theoretical predictions from perturbative QCD and QCD

We present measurements of the branching fraction and time-dependent CP asymmetries in B 0 → J/ψ π 0 decays based on (231.8 ± 2.6) × 10 6 Υ (4S) → BB decays collected with the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory. We obtain a branching fraction B(B 0 → J/ψ π 0 ) = (1.94 ± 0.22 (stat) ± 0.17 (syst))× 10 -5 . We also measure the CP asymmetry parameters C = -0.21 ± 0.26 (stat) ± 0.06 (syst) and S = -0.68 ± 0.30 (stat) ± 0.04 (syst).

We present the status of the Unitarity Triangle Analysis (UTA), within the Standard Model (SM) and beyond, with experimental and theoretical inputs updated for the ICHEP 2010 conference . Within the SM, we find that the general consistency among all the constraints leaves space only to some tension (between the UTA prediction and the experimental measurement) in BR(B → τν), sin 2β and ε K . In the UTA beyond the SM, we allow for New Physics (NP) effects in ∆F = 2 processes. The hint of NP at the 2.9σ level in the B s -Bs mixing turns out to be confirmed by the present update, which includes the new D0 result on the dimuon charge asymmetry but not the new CDF measurement of φ s , being the likelihood not yet released.

We summarize the physics case of a high-luminosity e + e -flavour factory collecting an integrated luminosity of 50-75 ab -1 . Many New Physics sensitive measurements involving B and D mesons and τ leptons, unique to a Super Flavour Factory, can be performed with excellent sensitivity to new particles with masses up to ∼ 100 (or even ∼ 1000) TeV. Flavour-and CP -violating couplings of new particles that may be discovered at the LHC can be measured in most scenarios, even in unfavourable cases assuming minimal flavour violation. Together with the LHC, a Super Flavour Factory, following either the SuperKEKB or the SuperB proposal, could be soon starting the project of reconstructing the New Physics Lagrangian.

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An analysis of B ± → DK ± and B ± → Dπ ± decays is presented where the D meson is reconstructed in the two-body final states: K ± π ∓ , K + K -, π + π -and π ± K ∓ . Using 1.0 fb -1 of LHCb data, measurements of several observables are made including the first observation of the suppressed mode B ± → [π ± K ∓ ]DK ± . CP violation in B ± → DK ± decays is observed with 5.8 σ significance.

This paper reports the first measurement of the effective B 0 s → J/ψ K 0 S lifetime and an updated measurement of its time-integrated branching fraction. Both measurements are performed with a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb -1 of pp collisions, recorded by the LHCb experiment in 2011 at a centreof-mass energy of 7 TeV. The results are: τ eff J/ψ K 0 S = 1.75 ± 0.12 (stat) ± 0.07 (syst) ps and B(B 0 s → J/ψ K 0 S ) = (1.97 ± 0.23) × 10 -5 . For the latter measurement, the uncertainty includes both statistical and systematic sources.

Malgré les nombreux succès du Modèle Standard de la physique des particules, plusieurs éléments montrent qu'il ne s'agit que d'une théorie effective à basse énergie. En effet, la masse des neutrinos et la matière noire ne sont pas expliqués dans ce modèle, qui ne prend pas en compte non plus la gravitation dont la version quantique n'a toujours pas été établie. De plus, les divergences quadratiques des corrections à la masse du boson de Higgs dans ce modèle pose un problème de naturalité. Tous ces problèmes indiquent la nécessité de trouver une nouvelle physique, qui doit être décrite par une extension du Modèle Standard. Une des possibilités est d'ajouter une nouvelle symétrie de l'espace-temps, la Supersymétrie, reliant les bosons et le fermions. Dans son extension miminale, la Supersymétrie permet déjà de résoudre le problème de la matière noire en proposant un candidat naturel, le neutralino, et de supprimer les dangereuses corrections quadratiques à la m...

Being studied in EUROν WP2 (beam), LAGUNA (far site) and MEMPHYS (detector) Both superimposed * higher numu flux * also higher energy less antinu PRELIMINARY! 140 cm 220 cm 80 cm No fine tuning tried * much less antinumu! -> CPV : ) * higher flux (+10cm for reflector, forward "plug") * to be studied at level of sensitivity (in progress) 600 kA 300 kA Original horn test horn

Protons are the basic particles that make up the star. Since Ernest Rutherford discovered protons in 1919, great progress has been made in the study of protons in particle physics. Protons are composed of quarks and gluons, and quarks are divided into valence quarks and sea quarks. At present, particle physics has not paid attention to the study of the mass relationship between three valence quarks in protons. Because :(1)Quarks are confined in protons, the mass of quarks cannot be obtained directly from experiments, so there is a lack of experimental basis for research. (2) The mass obtained by quarks through Higgs mechanism and vacuum condensation of QCD is not accurate, so there is a lack of theoretical data. So ,Is there any way to find the relationship between the three valence quarks in protons? In this paper, a new research method is found. By finding the exact ratio of the mass of the up quark and the down quark, the relationship among the three valence quarks can be found. Based on the experimental results of seaquest carried out by Fermilab in 2021,

The LHCb detector is a forward spectrometer at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. The experiment is designed for precision measurements of CP violation and rare decays of beauty and charm hadrons. In this paper the performance of the various LHCb sub-detectors and the trigger system are described, using data taken from 2010 to 2012. It is shown that the design criteria of the experiment have been met. The excellent performance of the detector has allowed the LHCb collaboration to publish a wide range of physics results, demonstrating LHCb's unique role, both as a heavy flavour experiment and as a general purpose detector in the forward region.

Though the predictions of the Standard Model (SM) are in excellent agreement with experiments there are still several theoretical problems associated with the Higgs sector of the SM, where it is widely believed that some "new physics" will take over at the TeV scale. One beyond the SM theory which resolves these problems is the Little Higgs (LH) model. In this work we have investigated the effects of the LH model on γγ → γγ scattering 1 .

The VINCY Cyclotron is the main part of the TESLA Accelerator Installation. The diameter of the pole of this machine is 2000 mm. Its bending constant is 145 MeV while its focusing constant is 75 MeV. The radiofrequency system of the machine consists of two λ/4-resonators with the eigenfrequency in the range from 17 to 31 MHz. Ions coming from a heavy ion source or a light ion source will be injected into the machine axially. They will be introduced into its median plane by a spiral inflector. Heavy ions accelerated in the machine will be extracted from it by a foil stripping system or by an electrostatic deflection system. Light ions will be extracted from it by the foil stripping system. The first programs of use of the VINCY Cyclotron are related to routine and experimental production of radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals, and to biomedical research with ion beams. The first beam extracted from the machine will be the proton beam of the energy of 22 MeV obtained from the H2+ b...

The CMS muon system has been aligned using cosmic-ray muons collected in 2008 and beam-halo muons from the 2008 LHC circulating beam tests. After alignment, the resolution of the most sensitive coordinate is 80 microns for the relative positions of superlayers in the same barrel chamber and 270 microns for the relative positions of endcap chambers in the same ring structure. The resolution on the position of the central barrel chambers relative to the tracker is comprised between two extreme estimates, 200 and 700 microns, provided by two complementary studies. With minor modifications, the alignment procedures can be applied using muons from LHC collisions, leading to additional significant improvements.

Using a sample of 14 million $\psip$ events collected with the BESII detector, branching fractions or upper limits on the branching fractions of $\psip$ decays into $\gamma\ppb$, $\gamma 2(\pip\pim)$, $\gamma \kskp$, $\gamma \kap\kam\pip\pim$, $\gamma\kstarz\kam\pip+c.c.$, $\gamma \kstarz \kstarzb$, $\gamma\pip\pim\ppb$, $\gamma2(\kap\kam)$, $\gamma3(\pip\pim)$ and $\gamma2(\pip\pim)\kap\kam$ with hadron invariant mass less than 2.9$\gev/c^2$ are reported. We also report branching fractions of $\psip$ decays into $\gamma\ppb\piz$, $\ppb\piz\piz$, $2(\pip\pim)\piz$, $\omega\pp$, $\omega f_2(1270)$, $b_1^\pm\pi^\mp$, $\piz\kskp$, $K^\pm\rho^\mp\ks$, $\piz2(\pip\pim)\kap\kam$ and $\gamma\piz2(\pip\pim)\kap\kam$.

The cross sections for D 0 D0 and D + D -production at 3.773 GeV have been measured with BES-II detector at BEPC. These measurements are made by analyzing a data sample of about 17.3 pb -1 collected at the center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV. Observed cross sections for the charm pair production are radiatively corrected to obtain the tree level cross section for D D production. A measurement of the total tree level hadronic cross section is obtained from the tree level D D cross section and an extrapolation of the R uds below the open charm threshold.

The absolute branching fractions for the decays D 0 → K -e + ν e and D 0 → π -e + ν e are determined using 7584 ± 198 ± 341 singly tagged D0 sample from the data collected around 3.773 GeV with the BES-II detector at the BEPC. In the system recoiling against the singly tagged D0 meson, 104.0 ± 10.9 events for D 0 → K -e + ν e and 9.0 ± 3.6 events for D 0 → π -e + ν e decays are observed. Those yield the absolute branching fractions to be BF(D 0 → K -e + ν e ) = (3.82 ± 0.40 ± 0.27)% and BF(D 0 → π -e + ν e ) = (0.33 ± 0.13 ± 0.03)%. The vector form factors are determined to be |f K + (0)| = 0.78 ± 0.04 ± 0.03 and |f π + (0)| = 0.73 ± 0.14 ± 0.06. The ratio of the two form factors is measured to be |f π + (0)/f K + (0)| = 0.93 ± 0.19 ± 0.07.  2004 Elsevier B.V.

Using the data of about 33 pb -1 collected at and around 3.773 GeV with the BES-II detector at the BEPC collider, we have studied the exclusive semileptonic decays The absolute branching fractions for the decays are measured to be BF (D + → K -π + e + νe) = (3.50 ± 0.75 ± 0.27)%, BF (D 0 → K 0 π -e + νe) = (2.61 ± 1.04 ± 0.28)%,

We report measurements of the observed cross sections for e + e -→ ωπ + π -, ωK + K -, ωpp, .773 and 3.650 GeV. Upper limits (90% C.L.) are given for observed cross sections and for ψ(3770) decay branching fractions for production of these final states. These measurements are made by analyzing the data sets of 17.3 pb -1 collected at √ s = 3.773 GeV and 6.5 pb -1 collected at √ s = 3.650 GeV with the BES-II detector at the BEPC collider.

Using 58 million J/ψ events accumulated with the BES II detector, branching fractions for the ηc → V V decays, ηc → ρρ, ηc → K * K * , ηc → ωω, and ηc → φφ, are measured. The branching fractions are Br(ηc → ρρ) = (1.25 ± 0.37 ± 0.51) × 10 -2 , Br(ηc → K * K * ) = (10.4 ± 2.6 ± 4.3) × 10 -3 , Br(ηc → ωω) < 6.3 × 10 -3 (90 % CL) , and Br(ηc → φφ) = (2.5 ± 0.5 ± 0.9) × 10 -3 . The process ηc → ωφ is also searched for, and the 90% CL upper limit Br(ηc → ωφ) < 1.3 × 10 -3 is obtained for this process.

The reconstructed kinematics of the isotropically emitted $K^0\overline{K}^0$ and their decay vertex following a $p\overline{p}$ annihilation at rest allows to select events with specific neutral kaon topology {\it and} energy. Thus, from the accumulated events with CPLEAR one can define high statistics subgroups of any gravitationally oriented neutral kaons with $\sim \pm 60$ cm maximum vertical displacement, in order to search for (anti)gravity effects. The suggested new data analysis allows to combine for the first time upward moving $K^0$&#x27;s with downward emitted $overline{K}^0$&#x27;s, and {\it vice versa}, in order to search for any directional dependence of the $CP$ parameters. The achieved limit for the relative $K^0-overline{K}^0$ mass difference ($\sim 10^{-18}$) may be indicative of a probably unique sensitivity for the proposed antigravity search. Existing anomalous energy dependent $CP$ results along with the used non-horizontal kaon beam (having in fact an equal ve...

Abstract: The implication of the fourth-generation quarks in the B-&gt; K^* l^+ l^-(l= mu, tau) decays, when K^* meson is longitudinally or transversely polarized, is presented. In this context, the dependence of the branching ratio with polarized K^* and the helicity fractions ...

The most general Two Higgs Doublet Model potential without explicit CP violation depends on 10 real independent parameters . Excluding spontaneous CP violation results in two 7 parameter models. Although both models give rise to 5 scalar particles and 2 mixing angles, the resulting phenomenology of the scalar sectors is different. If flavour changing neutral currents at tree level are to be avoided, one has four alternative ways of introducing the fermion couplings in both cases. In one of these models the mixing angle of the CP even sector can be chosen in such a way that the fermion couplings to the lightest scalar Higgs boson vanishes. At the same time it is possible to suppress the fermion couplings to the charged and pseudo-scalar Higgs boson by appropriately choosing the mixing angle of the CP odd sector. We investigate the phenomenology of both models in the fermiophobic limit and present the different branching ratios for the decays of the scalar particles. We use the present experimental results from the LEP collider to constrain the models.

Flavour changing neutral currents are absent at tree level in the Standard Model (SM) and are highly suppressed at higher orders due the Glashow-Iliopoulos-Maiani mechanism. Hence, any evidence of such currents related to the top quark will definitely signal new physics beyond the SM. In this work we will discuss how an electron-positron collider can contribute to the field after the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has collected at least 100 f b -1 of integrated luminosity operating at √ s = 14 T eV .