Budgetary Control

A lack of prudence and mismanagement of school funds by the principals could give rise to poor student performance since it might slow down the acquisition of essential materials for teaching and learning. This study analyzes the relationship between principals' fund management strategies and school administrative effectiveness. It assessed principals' budgetary practices, the perceived level of administrative effectiveness, and the relationship between fund management on secondary schools' effectiveness. Two research questions and one hypothesis were generated for the study. The research design was the descriptive survey type. The population of the study comprised all the one hundred and thirty-two (132) secondary schools. The total number of respondents included forty (40) principals representing 30% of the population, who were selected using the stratified random sampling technique. A self-designed questionnaire titled "Principals' Fund Management Strategies and School Administrative Effectiveness in Secondary Schools Questionnaire (PFMSSAEQ)" was used for data collection, and Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r) yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.76. The results showed that principals kept accurate records of expenditure, had an average level of effectiveness, and had a significant influence on fund management in secondary schools. It was recommended that principals be strictly monitored by the Ministry of Education to ensure that they continue to maintain accurate record-keeping because of its role in effective fund management in secondary schools.

The relationship between the Last Planner System (LPS), budgetary controls, and client satisfaction within Uganda's construction industry occupies the central position of this paper. Persistent challenges such as cost overruns, project delays, and inconsistent client satisfaction underscore the need for effective project management strategies. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, and data were collected from 315 employees across 56 construction firms registered with the Uganda National Association of Building and Civil Engineering Contractors. Quantitative analysis using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression revealed that LPS implementation significantly reduces waste and improves process reliability. However, LPS's direct emphasis on budgeting exhibited a modest negative correlation, highlighting the necessity for integrated planning and financial control approaches. Notably, robust budgetary controls aligned with LPS principles were found to positively influence clients' satisfaction by ensuring timely and quality project delivery. The findings emphasise the need to harmonise production planning systems with financial controls to optimise performance and client outcomes in construction projects. This research contributes to the discourse on lean construction management by demonstrating the synergistic benefits of combining LPS with effective budgetary practices in emerging economies, client satisfaction and timely project delivery.

According to the findings of the majority of past studies, it was clear that one of the problems that modern businesses were currently facing was financial performance and therefore, a budgetary control system was used to handle this issue. This study had two variables: an independent variable (the budgetary control system) and a dependent variable (financial success).

Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a relação entre estrutura de capital e ciclo de vida empresarial, fundamentado no modelo proposto por Dickinson (2011), que diferencia as fases do ciclo de vida com base no comportamento dos fluxos de caixa. Desse modo, foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva quanto aos objetivos, documental utilizando demonstrações financeiras do período de 2008 a 2015, disponíveis no banco de dados da Economática®. A amostra, não probabilística intencional, é formada por 210 companhias com ações negociadas na B3. Para responder ao problema de pesquisa foram utilizados testes de diferença de médias (ANOVA) e análise de regressão múltipla com dados em painel não balanceados, tendo por variável dependente o nível de endividamento e, por variável de interesse, a classificação do ciclo de vida. Os resultados indicam um padrão de comportamento de maior endividamento das empresas em fases iniciais (Introdutória e Crescimento) de seu ciclo de vida. As anál...

Purpose-While scholars agree on the complexity of knowledge management processes (KMPs), achieving a comprehensive understanding of these processes and how they integrate into the core organizational processes still proves challenging. In response to this research gap, this study presents a pioneering, inductive exploration into the views of chief knowledge officers (CKOs). Design/methodology/approach-We employed an interpretative multiple-case study methodology, conducting semi-structured interviews with 28 CKOs across diverse industry sectors. Thematic analysis was utilized to analyze the data. Findings-The CKOs' insights reveal that the degree of "superposition and overlap" between KMPs and business processes is pivotal to the effectiveness of both knowledge management (KM) and business operations. The study introduces the concept of "transparent KM," where KM becomes an imperceptible yet indispensable element of the organizational structure. This challenges the conventional notion of KM as an isolated discipline and highlights the dangers of artificially segregating KMPs from core business processes, which can result in employee disengagement and managerial doubts about the value of KM. Originality/value-This research contributes to a novel vision of KM, advocating for the seamless integration of KMPs into organizational processes. It suggests that KM should be considered a ubiquitous force that naturally enhances organizational workflows. Scholars, practitioners and company leaders, in designing business processes, should take into consideration their KM implications and, in turn, potentially reshaping the strategic role of KM in organizations.

Resource allocation practices on strategy implementation are a critical aspect of organizational success, yet they remain underexplored in the context of religious organizations. The study analyzed resource allocation practices and how they affect strategy implementation in the churches within the Catholic Diocese of Nyahururu, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design incorporating qualitative and quantitative data collection methods, that is, stratified sampling approach was used to gather data from the target population, the parish priests, local church administrators, heads of various institutions, employees in strategic leadership positions, and bishops. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data on resource allocation practices, strategy implementation outcomes, and other relevant variables. The data was analyzed using statistical techniques to identify patterns, correlations, and trends. Findings will contribute to the existing body of knowledge by offering insights into the relationship between resource allocation practices and strategy implementation in the diocese. The study highlighted the importance of effective resource allocation practices and their impact on achieving strategic goals.

The study sought to research the impact of budgetary control on the economic overall financial performance of the industrial
parastatals in Kenya from the year 2013 to 2023. This was accomplished by specifically analyzing the influence of budgetary
planning on the financial performance of the industrial parastatals in Kenya. The study used a descriptive research design and
targeted the chosen 10 industrial parastatals in Kenya from the listed 46 business parastatals in Kenya. The study utilized
primary data collected through structured questionnaires from commercial parastatals. The gathered data was coded and
cleaned using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics provided an overview of the sample, including demographic details of the
respondents, as well as measures such as central tendencies, standard deviation, range, and variance. The results were
presented using tables, charts, themes, and graphs. Causal relationships were evaluated using R², F values, and beta
coefficients, with a significance level set at 0.05, and coefficients were tested accordingly. The findings indicate that budgetary
planning (β=0.277, p=0.000), have a significant and positive effect on the financial performance of industrial parastatals in
Kenya. The moderation analysis revealed that budgetary planning has a positive but marginally non-significant effect when
moderated by treasury mechanisms. Thus, the study provides a clear direction for improving financial performance through
several key budgetary practices. Strengthening budgetary planning by developing guidelines, investing in training, and using
advanced tools will create a more strategic approach to financial management.

Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a relação entre estrutura de capital e ciclo de vida empresarial, fundamentado no modelo proposto por Dickinson (2011), que diferencia as fases do ciclo de vida com base no comportamento dos fluxos de caixa. Desse modo, foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva quanto aos objetivos, documental utilizando demonstrações financeiras do período de 2008 a 2015, disponíveis no banco de dados da Economática®. A amostra, não probabilística intencional, é formada por 210 companhias com ações negociadas na B3. Para responder ao problema de pesquisa foram utilizados testes de diferença de médias (ANOVA) e análise de regressão múltipla com dados em painel não balanceados, tendo por variável dependente o nível de endividamento e, por variável de interesse, a classificação do ciclo de vida. Os resultados indicam um padrão de comportamento de maior endividamento das empresas em fases iniciais (Introdutória e Crescimento) de seu ciclo de vida. As anál...

Transformations taking place in China are of crucial importance in the development of the world economy. The international community is turning its attention to China's move towards a market economy and assessing the likely impact on the years ahead. This paper aims to plot the evolution of administrative reforms in China with particular reference to the state (and therefore public sector), because the modernization of the state is an issue that will persist into the future, and because the state itself has been driving the country's transformation towards a market economy in a deliberate way. Within this framework, the paper revisits the debate on administrative reforms at different levels; i.e., fiscal, budgeting, government organizations, and Public Sector Units (PSUs). In addition to reconstructing the evolution of norms and procedures as part of deliberate strategies by the centre, the paper also investigates how actual practices at the micro level have followed this process of reform, with reference to the administration of cultural heritage at the municipal level, based on a field research project. We find that a lack of relation with the role played by actual accounting transformation seems to characterize the current debate on policies. Serious discrepancies can be found between expectations and actual changes, and between macro and micro policies, and micro practices.

Isletmeler ulkelerin sosyo-ekonomik kalkinmalarinin ana unsuru olup ulke yonetimleri isletmelerin kuresel rekabet ortaminda one gecebilmesini teminen cesitli politikalar ve destekler ile isletmeler icin yatirim ortamini iyilestirirken diger taraftan isletmelerin katma degerli urunleri uretip ve pazarlamasi noktasinda yatirim yapmasi beklenilmektedir. Bu calismada Turkiye’deki isletmelerin 2006-2016 yillari arasindaki net satislari ile Ar-Ge, Pazarlama Satis Dagitim (PSD) ve Genel Yonetim (GY) harcamalarinin olceksel bazda yillar itibariyle karsilastirilmasi ve bu giderlerin birbirleri ile iliskileri analiz edilmistir. Olcekler arasinda faaliyet giderlerine yapilan harcamalarin farklilastigi, Ar-Ge’ye ayrilan pay ile PSD’ye ayrilan pay arasinda pozitif yonlu ve guclu bir iliski oldugu, Ar-Ge ve PSD ile GY’ye ayrilan pay arasinda negatif yonlu ve guclu bir iliski bulundugu gorulmustur. Isletme basina dusen net satislarin goreceli olarak dusuk kaldigi bir diger bulgudur. Bu calismada G...

The Budget, An Instrument For Planning. Author info | Abstract | Publisher info | Download info | Related research | Statistics. Author Info. Todea Nicolae () (Univ. "1 Decembrie", Alba Iulia, Stiinte Economice) Calin Anca () (Univ. Valahia, Targoviste, Stiinte Economice) Abstract. ...

Aim/Purpose: The study aims to elucidate the intricate relationship between Organizational Learning (OL) and Knowledge Management (KM), two pivotal organizational capabilities whose interplay remains enigmatic. This study ventures into the depths of this relationship, seeking to demystify the interplay between the structured, strategic management of knowledge and the more fluid, organic process of learning within an organization. Background: Organizational knowledge dynamics pivot on the axis of individual and collective learning processes. KM refers to a multidisciplinary approach to achieving organizational objectives by making the best use of knowledge. The collaborative knowledge culture forms the bedrock of effective OL, which, alongside KM, constitutes essential organizational competencies. As such, KM is inherently intertwined with OL, as both aim to harness intellectual capital and foster an environment conducive to continuous improvement and innovation. Yet, the nexus between OL and KM is shrouded in ambiguity, posing a conundrum that this research seeks to unravel, especially as emerging technologies reshape the landscape of knowledge sharing. Methodology: Employing interpretive and inductive qualitative approaches, this study gathered insights through 13 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with Human Capital Management (HCM) experts. Content analysis emerged as the principal analytical tool, processing the rich qualitative data to distill meaningful patterns and themes. Contribution: This research contributes to the theoretical and practical understanding of OL and KM affinities. It underscores the necessity of recognizing the complementary nature of these fields within organizational structures. Findings: Since the advent of the concept “learning in the flow of work,” the domain of OL has increasingly integrated key aspects from the KM discipline. The study reveals that while OL and KM are distinct domains, they are also symbiotic, thriving on each other's strengths. This interdependence is underscored by their shared focus on knowledge resource creation and intellectual capital cultivation. Often, a singular corporate entity oversees both OL and KM, indicating a convergence within organizational development paradigms. Notably, the overlapping activities between OL and KM, such as discussion forums and knowledge exchanges, underscore the challenge of demarcating disciplinary boundaries in practice. The integration of sophisticated technologies such as AI-driven analytics, cloud computing, and collaborative software has been instrumental in facilitating this convergence. Recommendations for Practitioners: Practitioners are encouraged to cultivate environments where OL and KM merge effortlessly, leveraging their synergies to bolster organizational effectiveness and the richness of intellectual resources. Recommendations for Researchers: Future research should delve into the nuanced distinctions and commonalities between the roles of learning and knowledge managers across industries, aiming to refine the theoretical frameworks that underpin these roles. Researchers should also explore the transformative potential of technology in defining these roles and in the execution of OL and KM strategies. Impact on Society: By clarifying the OL and KM interrelationship, this study paves the way for more informed organizational practices that can contribute to societal advancement through improved knowledge dissemination and learning methodologies. Future Research: Subsequent inquiries may investigate the modalities of training content accessibility at the point of need, aligning with the imperatives of real-time, on-demand learning models that resonate with contemporary work dynamics.

Aim/Purpose Given the widely acknowledged significance of intellectual capital (IC) for organizational success, managing knowledge assets remains a multifaceted challenge. This study investigates the role of human and social factors in intellectual capital management (ICM) within businesses. Background. A company’s IC is the collective embodiment of knowledge resources that provide a strategic advantage. The literature often blurs the lines between ICM and knowledge management (KM) due to their shared focus on knowledge and processes, leading to a conflation of the terms within certain discourse communities. Methodology. The study utilized grounded theory methodology, conducting semi-structured in-depth interviews and organizing two focus groups with 52 industry KM professionals. Additionally, cyber-ethnography included a compilation of 20,349 posts and comments from two Facebook communities dedicated to this domain practitioners. Contribution This study expands the current understanding by positing that a conducive organizational culture, characterized by a supportive environment for knowledge exchange, is instrumental in the successful implementation of ICM. In light of the emphasis on the human and social elements, the findings also contribute to and enrich the discipline of change management. Findings. The incorporation of tangible technological tools within corporate settings for the purposes of ICM often garners significant attention. Nonetheless, a consistent theme emerging from the study’s results is the affirmation by participants that the pivotal entity in organizational KM is the human individual. It is recognized that the seamless flow of knowledge among employees, teams, and divisions is predicated on the capacity to unearth the latent knowledge possessed by knowledge workers. Concurrently, the act of sharing knowledge among peers is encumbered by substantial emotional and behavioral challenges. Consequently, it is becoming increasingly acknowledged that in a knowledge-centric society, the efficacy of ICM is profoundly shaped by an organizational culture that is fosters to knowledge. Recommendations for Practitioners. As part of building a learning organization, it is necessary to adopt a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to ICM. Practitioners must recognize the importance of organizational culture for the successful assimilation of processes of creation, preservation, exchange, accessibility, reuse, and leveraging of knowledge. Considering that these may also exist in informal social interaction, it would be prudent to promote intra-organizational initiatives that foster relationships of trust and commitment between employees. Recommendations for Researchers In consideration of the intricate interplay between the ‘knowledge is power’ adage and individual motivations, this research advocates for interdisciplinary inquiry that integrates behavioral and social science theories. The proposed research will delve into the psychological underpinnings, encompassing both aversion and incentive mechanisms, that steer knowledge sharing behaviors within organizational settings. The ultimate aim of this inquiry is to devise strategies or interventions that bolster a culture of positive and cooperative knowledge exchange. Impact on Society. The research findings enhance societal comprehension of the human and social dynamics that may either facilitate or impede the pursuit of excellence in KM. Future Research. In the evolving landscape of the knowledge economy, the adoption of ICM practices is pivotal for enhancing organizational competencies, driving business performance, and fostering innovation. Future research should concentrate on exploring robust change management strategies that engage employees effectively and mitigate resistance to KM initiatives.

Introduction: The study examined the relationship between budgeting/budgetary control system and institutional effectiveness in Universities in Kwara State, Nigeria. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of budget committee, budget implementation, value for money check and internal audit check on institutional effectiveness in universities in Kwara State. Methodology: Two researchers' questionnaires were designed to collect data from sampled respondents; they were 'Budgeting/Budgetary control System Questionnaire (BBCSQ)' and 'Institutional Effectiveness Questionnaire (IEQ)'. The instruments were validated by two experts to ascertain the content validity while the reliability of the instruments was determined using Cronbach Alpha statistics, thus, the reliability coefficients were found to be 0.83 and 0.76 respectively. Four universities were randomly sampled out of the six accredited universities in Kwara State. The selection represented 67% of the total population. The respondents were the staff of the bursary department of the sampled universities and 110 respondents were determined out of the 290 targeted population using proportional sampling technique. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 at 0.05 level of significant using PPMC while descriptive statistics of means and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions raised in the study. Results: The result of the study revealed that there was a significant relationship between budgeting/budgetary control system and institutional effectiveness in Universities in Kwara State (r. value=.578> t. value=.000). Recommendations: It was recommended among others that budget committee should be composed of experienced and well versatile members in the field of accounting and finance to enhance their performance and overall effectiveness in the system.

The growth of a nation's economy is significantly influenced by its financial sector. While the banks dominate Pakistan's financial sector, there is less focus on the area that non-banking finance sector and businesses hold.  India's financial sector is a combination of the banking and non-banking sectors. Businesses that deal in loans and advances, in addition to the acquisition of shares, stocks, bonds, debentures, and other marketable securities issued by national and local bodies, continue to be largely disregarded, and the regulatory framework of Pakistan still has considerable gaps in it.
Asset management companies, investment and securities advisors, insurance companies, investment banks, securities brokerage firms, venture capitalists, currency exchanges, some microloan organizations, and even pawn shops are examples of non-banking financial institutions. Even though many of the services that these organizations offer aren't strictly appropriate for the banks, they nonetheless compete with the banks in some way, making them the underdogs of the banking lobby-dominated financial services sector.
The Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP).has the challenging task of overseeing the Pakistan’s corporate sector and transforming it into a modern and effective capital market. There are still some noticeable gaps in the country's regulatory architecture when compared to India, particularly when it comes to enforcement measures, even though the supervisory body has specified a sizable number of laws and guidelines that administer the sector.

Introduction: The study examined the relationship between budgeting/budgetary control system and institutional effectiveness in Universities in Kwara State, Nigeria. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of budget committee, budget implementation, value for money check and internal audit check on institutional effectiveness in universities in Kwara State. Methodology: Two researchers' questionnaires were designed to collect data from sampled respondents; they were 'Budgeting/Budgetary control System Questionnaire (BBCSQ)' and 'Institutional Effectiveness Questionnaire (IEQ)'. The instruments were validated by two experts to ascertain the content validity while the reliability of the instruments was determined using Cronbach Alpha statistics, thus, the reliability coefficients were found to be 0.83 and 0.76 respectively. Four universities were randomly sampled out of the six accredited universities in Kwara State. The selection represented 67% of the total population. The respondents were the staff of the bursary department of the sampled universities and 110 respondents were determined out of the 290 targeted population using proportional sampling technique. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 at 0.05 level of significant using PPMC while descriptive statistics of means and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions raised in the study. Results: The result of the study revealed that there was a significant relationship between budgeting/budgetary control system and institutional effectiveness in Universities in Kwara State (r. value=.578> t. value=.000). Recommendations: It was recommended among others that budget committee should be composed of experienced and well versatile members in the field of accounting and finance to enhance their performance and overall effectiveness in the system.

Non-performing Assets (NPA’s) plays a crucial role in the assessment of financial performance of a bank. In simple terms, NPA is the pivotal term for banks by which one can the fitness can be assessed very easily. NPA’s means the portion of money not received by the banks towards they disbursed or sanctioned loans. Therefore, banks must be more cautious while sanctioning the loans because it not only affects the bank but also the overall financial system. Today, banks performance is highly dependent on the basis of volume of deposits, number of branches and quality of services along with the quality of assets it possesses. In presentscenario, recognition of revenue, obtaining funds for banking institutions, reduction in presence of Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) and to classify the assets providing international standards etc., are the key challenges in banking sector. Non-Performing Assets affect profitability, liquidity and solvency positions of financial institutions. Non-Performing Assets influence the fund establishment as well as the complete budgetary framework. In this way, a detailed research has been done on public sector banks in India to assess the impact of NPA’s on the productivity of banks. Banks today are not made a decision about just based on number of branches and volume of stores yet additionally based on standard of benefits. NPAs adversely impact on the gainfulness, liquidity and dissolvability of the banks. This paper concentrates on the conditions of NPAs in chosen banks. Specifically, Seven Public Sector Banks has been chosen for the research i.e. State Bank of India (SBI), Bank of India (BOI), United Bank of India (UBI), Bank of Baroda (BOB), Indian Overseas Bank (IOB), Punjab National Bank (PNB) and Central Bank India (CBI). Simultaneously, this research also focused on the strategies to be followed by the banks to handle the NPAs and proposes a multi-pronged system for fast recuperation of NPAs in banking area. The connection between Gross NPA and Net Profit of seven banks has been examined in this paper. The outcome shows that aside from SBI and PNB the wide

premesse a mo' di indice delle tematiche oggetto di analisi.-2. Stato pluralista e di democrazia partecipativa, (crisi dello) Stato di partiti.-3. Democrazia sotto assedio, fra crisi dei partiti politici e populismi.-4. La formazione del Governo Conte fra razionalizzazione costituzionale (debole), sregolatezza dei partiti politici e ruolo (cangiante) del Presidente della Repubblica nella forma di Governo.-5. Crisi della sovranità, democrazia rappresentativa e sfida populista: 'transito indolore' verso una politica senza sovranità?

The Pakistan Microfinance Network (PMN) partnered with CGAP to write this note. The PMN is the microfinance industry association whose membership includes microfinance banks and non-bank microfinance companies. Since COVID-19 began, the PMN has been very active in working with microfinance providers and regulators to respond to the changing situation.

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between budgetary control and financial performance of Vaishno Enterprises, Satna while presenting the real scenario of the organization. Therefore, to test the practice of budgetary control and financial performance, a descriptive survey design, as a sample of the study, was used to gather data through structured questionnaire distributed to 25 respondents from Account, Finance, and Administration Department.
It also set out the measure of performance on the organizational and determined the inhibiting factors that affect the use of budgetary controls. In this project, International Breweries was chosen as a case study. The objective was to evaluate the impact of budgeting control in organizations performance, evaluate factors inhibiting effective budgetary control in an organization among others. Data used for the research was collected through well-structured questionnaire using simple random sampling for selecting respondents. Analysis of data was done using frequency percentage and chi-square. Findings from this study revealed that budgets and budgetary controls are factors that can influence the performance of an organization, as they have a very mutual relationship. Concerning how budgets are linked to performance, budgets and budgetary controls mainly form and give every organization the structural support to achieve its goals and objectives, and maximizing performance, through resource allocation and control. Recommendations were then made that all organization must prepare budget and put in place budget control since it has a great impact on organization performance. Also budget control should be made mechanism for resource and control and it should be linked at all times to overall corporate strategies and goals.

Social safety nets are essential to help those most in need and fight poverty. This fight has slowed down due to recent challenges, but we need to step up our efforts to get back on track. Pakistan is committed to helping its poor citizens, but more needs to be done to address the long-term impact of disasters and ensure everyone has the resources they need to thrive.

İşletme yöneticileri, faaliyetlerini sürdürürken ve karşılaştıkları sorunları çözerken çok sayıda seçenek arasında bir tercihte bulunmak durumundadırlar. Karar vermek olarak adlandırılan bu konuda başarılı olabilmek için seçenekler hakkında yeterli ve doğru bilgiye sahip olunması gerekir. Bilgi, işletme içinden ve dışından çeşitli kaynaklardan sağlanabilir. Finansal nitelikli bilgilerin sağlandığı yer ise muhasebedir. Muhasebe bölümünden sağlanan bilgilerin niceliği ve niteliği büyük oranda yönetimin muhasebeden beklentileri ile muhasebe bölümünün yeterliliğine bağlıdır. Bu çalışmada, muhasebe bilgilerinin işletmelerin başarısındaki önemi vurgulanmıştır. Adıyaman'da faaliyet gösteren imalat işletmelerinin yöneticilerinin, muhasebe bilgilerini ne tür yönetsel kararların alınmasında kullandıkları araştırılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre; işletme yöneticilerinin sahip-yönetici veya profesyonel yönetici olması ve eğitim durumları ile muhasebe bilgilerini kullanım amaçları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık gözlenmemiştir. Yöneticiler, muhasebe bilgilerini yasal bir sürecin çıktıları olduğu kadar işletme ve yönetim için de gerekli görmektedirler. Ancak muhasebe bilgilerinin daha çok rutin kararların alınmasında kullanıldığı, stratejik nitelikli uzun vadeli kararların alınmasında ise kullanımın yetersiz kaldığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

İşletmelerin mevcudiyetlerini sürdürebilmeleri ve amaçlarına ulaşabilmeleri için, satışlarını artırmanın yanında maliyetlerini de kontrol altında tutmaları gerekmektedir. Turizmin sektörünün önemli bir kısmını teşkil eden konaklama işletmelerinin, hedeflenen seviyede kar edebilmeleri ayrıca sundukları hizmet kalitesinde rakiplerine kıyasla avantaj sağlayabilmeleri için yiyecek-içecek bölümlerine ayrı bir önem vermelerini gerekli kılmaktadır. Ayrıca etkin bir yiyecek-içecek maliyet kontrolünün yapılması da önem arz etmektedir. Bu açıdan konaklama işletmeleri basit, ayrıntılı, standart veya potansiyel maliyet yöntemlerinden birini seçerek etkili bir yiyecek-içecek maliyet kontrolü yapma çabasını göstermektedirler. Bu çalışmada, Ege bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren dört yıldızlı bir konaklama işletmesinde yiyecek-içecek maliyetlerinin tespitine yönelik bir uygulama ile işletmenin kontrol gücünün artırılması için yiyecek-içecek ünitelerindeki kaçakların tespit edilmesine yönelik bir uygulama gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada satış fiyatı kontrol yöntemi kullanılarak yiyecek-içecek ünitelerindeki kaçak tespitine yönelik bir uygulama gerçekleştirilmiştir. Uygulama sonucu elde dilen bulgular değerlendirilmiş ve işletmenin bu alandaki kontrol gücünü artıracak önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Uygulamanın konusu ile ilgili araştırma verilerine nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden görüşme tekniği ile ulaşılmıştır. İşletmede yiyecek içecek ünitelerinde kaçak tespitine ilişkin olarak uygulanan maliyet yöntemi ile gelir ve giderler analiz edilerek, söz konusu ünitelerdeki gerçek durumunun görülmesi sağlanmıştır. Çalışma sonunda, uygulamanın gerçekleştirildiği işletmede net gelir beklentisi üzerinden %18,53'lük gelir kaybının içecek ünitelerindeki kaçaklardan kaynaklandığı tespit edilmiştir. Kaçak tespiti için uygulanan bu yöntemin işletmelerde bu tarz kayıpların en aza indirgenebilmesine yönelik etkili bir yöntem olduğu değerlendirilebilir. Bu da doğrudan kontrol sistemini güçlendirecek bir yaklaşım olması açısından önemlidir.

Introduction: The study examined the relationship between budgeting/budgetary control system and institutional effectiveness in Universities in Kwara State, Nigeria. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of budget committee, budget implementation, value for money check and internal audit check on institutional effectiveness in universities in Kwara State. Methodology: Two researchers' questionnaires were designed to collect data from sampled respondents; they were 'Budgeting/Budgetary control System Questionnaire (BBCSQ)' and 'Institutional Effectiveness Questionnaire (IEQ)'. The instruments were validated by two experts to ascertain the content validity while the reliability of the instruments was determined using Cronbach Alpha statistics, thus, the reliability coefficients were found to be 0.83 and 0.76 respectively. Four universities were randomly sampled out of the six accredited universities in Kwara State. The selection represented 67% of the total population. The respondents were the staff of the bursary department of the sampled universities and 110 respondents were determined out of the 290 targeted population using proportional sampling technique. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 at 0.05 level of significant using PPMC while descriptive statistics of means and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions raised in the study. Results: The result of the study revealed that there was a significant relationship between budgeting/budgetary control system and institutional effectiveness in Universities in Kwara State (r. value=.578> t. value=.000). Recommendations: It was recommended among others that budget committee should be composed of experienced and well versatile members in the field of accounting and finance to enhance their performance and overall effectiveness in the system.

Purpose-This paper empirically demonstrates the major organizational events of a rolling forecasting process and the roles of controllers therein. In particular, this study aims to investigate how the understanding of a "realistic forecast" is translated and questioned by various mediators in the rolling forecasting process and how it affects the quality of planning as the ultimate accuracy of forecasts is seen as important. Design/methodology/approach-This study follows an actor-network theory (ANT) approach and maps the key points of translation in the rolling forecasting process by inspecting the roles of mediators. This qualitative case study is based on interviews with controllers and managers involved in the forecasting process in a single manufacturing company. Findings-The paper identified two episodes of translation in the forecasting process, in which the forecast partially stabilized to create room for managerial discussion and debate. The abilities of controllers to infiltrate various functional groups and calculative practices appeared to be one way to control the accuracy of forecasting, although this was built on a façade of neutrality. Originality/value-Prior literature identifies the aims of interactive planning processes as being to improve the quality of planning. The authors apply ANT to better understand the nature of mediators in constructing an entity called a "realistic rolling forecast".

Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre as características sociais de estudantes de contabilidade, lócus de controle e resiliência. Método: Pesquisa descritiva, quantitativa com coleta de dados por survey. O estudo foi realizado com 449 estudantes de contabilidade, de todas as regiões do Brasil, onde 31,63% eram homens e 68,37% mulheres. Resultados: Os resultados demonstram que existem diferenças entre homens e mulheres frente aos lócus de controle e resiliência. Mulheres possuem níveis mais baixos de lócus de controle interno em relação aos homens. As mulheres possuem maiores níveis de resiliência, comparativamente aos homens. Estudantes de contabilidade, de maneira geral, possuem altos níveis de resiliência, bem como de lócus de controle interno, o que faz com que tenham um perfil de pessoas determinadas, autoconfiantes e perseverantes frente às dificuldades oferecidas durante o processo de formação no curso de graduação em ciências contábeis. Contribuições: O estudo contribui com a li...

No decorrer da trajetória de vida de qualquer organização ocorre a fase de crescimento, desenvolvimento e envelhecimento como no ciclo de vida natural. Entender as fases do ciclo de vida organizacional e o reflexo que o comportamento dos gestores tem na empresa permite compreender o que leva uma empresa a ter sucesso ou fracasso. Com isso, o artigo tem como objetivo analisar o ciclo de vida organizacional de uma cachaçaria do Triângulo Mineiro na perspectiva do modelo do ciclo de vida de Adizes e a influência do perfil do gestor na transição desses estágios pelas ferramentas P.A.E.I de Adizes. Esses objetivos foram alcançados por meio de uma análise qualitativa descritiva, utilizando um roteiro de entrevista semi-estruturado com o atual gestor. Em relação ao ciclo de vida organizacional de Adizes, conclui-se que a empresa se encontra na fase de Plenitude. O perfil gerencial do Gestor atual é o (E)mpreendedor e (A)dministrador. Já o perfil dos gestores que geriram a empresa nos estág...

Mejstrik: Fangen wir mit Österreich an. Österreich wird als geopolitischer Raum vorgestellt. Die Einleitung wirft das Problem der Grenzen zuerst allgemein auf-,,Räume sind Konstrukte"-, dann konkret für Österreich: ,,Die dramatischen Änderungen des Inhalts und Umfangs des Österreichbegriffes erschweren und verkomplizieren eine langfristige Betrachtung in hohem Maße. Österreich war die längste Zeit seiner Geschichte ein höchst unbestimmter Raum, der nur aus der späteren Geschichte definiert ist." (9) Diese wichtigen Überlegungen werden aber nicht weiterverfolgt. Sie sollen bloß einen grundlegenden Anachronismus rechtfertigen: Im ganzen Buch ist mit Österreich der gegenwärtige natio-* Roman Sandgruber, Ökonomie und Politik. Österreichische Wirtschaftsgeschichte vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart , Wien 1995. D i s k u s s i o n • 535-553

The managing an account area being the foundation of the economy, social introduction of keeping money had been viewed as crucial for the arranged monetary advancement of India. It is with this recognized point that the Bank Nationalization was started in. 1969. The Indian managing an account framework, supplied with an extensive system of branches and extensive variety of money related instruments, has accomplished impressive advancement in the two decades after Nationalization. The idea of managing an account had experienced a dynamic change with regards to the need to accomplish quick financial advancement. As the conventional saving money hypothesis, a movement in the way to deal with loaning from security-introduction to reason introduction additionally turned into a prevalent idea amid the period. In spite of the general advancement made by the money related framework, poor capital base, wasteful authoritative structure, declining productivity and high and continually developi...

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between budgetary control and financial performance of Nepal Oil Corporation (NOC) while presenting the real scenario of the organization. Therefore, to test the practice of budgetary control and financial performance, a descriptive survey design, as a sample of the study, was used to gather data through structured questionnaire distributed to 60 respondents from Account, Finance, Administration, Engineering and Project Department. The findings of this study emphasize that a practice of budgetary control leads to increased profitability but for that management commitment is indispensable. The study concludes that budgetary control process shows a significant positive bearing on the financial performance of NOC through the influences on financial objectives, allocation of funds as well as investment ventures. The study recommends a sensitization of management and employees of NOC along the lines of the importance of budget...

Today, budgets are considered by many as a powerful tool to conduct and control an organization's internal and external affairs. Budget, budgeting, and budgetary controls are the priority of every manufacturing and service entity. Top management in organizations uses budgets to monitor and control the financial and nonfinancial activities that occur within their organization. The current research method is empirical, which tests the feasibility of a solution using empirical evidence based on statistical applications. The study considered SENSEX 30 companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange. The statistical population comprised five top-level managers categories, including 150 respondents, eight mid-level managers, 240 respondents, and 12 lower-level supervisory cadres of 360 respondents. The total population is 750 respondents. "Simple Random Sampling Technique" used in the current study. Primary Data was collected using an Interview Schedule developed explicitly for the purpose and finalized after conducting the pilot survey. The collected primary data are validated, tabulated, and classified. Secondary data were collected from published articles, the Companies Act, the Accounting Standards Manual published by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, Websites, journals, and other validated material. The companies' annual reports were a significant secondary data source. Data analysis uses Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), and interpretations are made based on statistical tools. The results of the research indicated that most Indian companies set budgeting systems in accordance with accounting standards. The results of the current study also show some significant factors that need to be considered by the organization while setting budgets.

Purpose: Since the inception of devolution in Kenya, proper operationalization of devolved administrative structures ought to be in place. The problem lies in the operationalization of devolved administrative structures that has led to poor service delivery. This study intended to bridge the gap by investigating the effect of resources allocation practices on theidevolved administrative structures. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design with aniobjective to determineiwho, what, where, when, and howimuch.iItiwasiconsidered appropriate because itisoughttto generate accurate profiles for ifactors, events and circumstances. The study incorporated transformational leadership theory that was poled as the creation of positive changes within an organization. Findings: This study found that, an epitomized rise in strategic leadership practices leads to enhanced operationalization of the devolved administrative structures, and institutionalization that stood to be helpfu...

Purpose: Since the inception of devolution in Kenya, proper operationalization of devolved administrative structures ought to be in place. The problem lies in the operationalization of devolved administrative structures that has led to poor service delivery. This study intended to bridge the gap by investigating the effect of resources allocation practices on theidevolved administrative structures. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design with aniobjective to determineiwho, what, where, when, and howimuch.iItiwasiconsidered appropriate because itisoughttto generate accurate profiles for ifactors, events and circumstances. The study incorporated transformational leadership theory that was poled as the creation of positive changes within an organization. Findings: This study found that, an epitomized rise in strategic leadership practices leads to enhanced operationalization of the devolved administrative structures, and institutionalization that stood to be helpfu...

This paper refers to family business as a useful theme in order to explore some critical issues related to the firm seen as an organisational entity. It starts with a review of some consolidated defining approaches to family business, placing them within the widest currents of business management and social sciences branches, and then it adds some reflections in the light of the 'political' and new-institutionalist models. In the end, we here propose a research plan on family business that could be tested in the future in order to verify some research hypotheses based on the combination of the most significant political and new institutionalist assumptions.

Since the inception of devolution in Kenya, proper operationalization of devolved administrative structures ought to be in place. The problem lies in the operationalization of devolved administrative structures that has led to poor service delivery. This study intended to bridge the gap by investigating the effect of resources allocation practices on theidevolved administrative structures. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design with aniobjective to determineiwho, what, where, when, and howimuch.iItiwasiconsidered appropriate because itisoughttto generate accurate profiles for ifactors, events and circumstances. The study incorporated transformational leadership theory that was poled as the creation of positive changes within an organization. Findings: This study found that, an epitomized rise in strategic leadership practices leads to enhanced operationalization of the devolved administrative structures, and institutionalization that stood to be helpful on devolved administrative structures operations, ensuring information movement should be done continuously and efficiently. As such, significant effect of resources allocation practices on the devolved administrative structures were found to exist. Recommendation: The research recommends that top leadership in Counties must lucidify the stratagems that project ideas which are persuasive and create improvement of devolved administrative structures that give persuasive transformation.

Mejstrik: Fangen wir mit Österreich an. Österreich wird als geopolitischer Raum vorgestellt. Die Einleitung wirft das Problem der Grenzen zuerst allgemein auf-,,Räume sind Konstrukte"-, dann konkret für Österreich: ,,Die dramatischen Änderungen des Inhalts und Umfangs des Österreichbegriffes erschweren und verkomplizieren eine langfristige Betrachtung in hohem Maße. Österreich war die längste Zeit seiner Geschichte ein höchst unbestimmter Raum, der nur aus der späteren Geschichte definiert ist." (9) Diese wichtigen Überlegungen werden aber nicht weiterverfolgt. Sie sollen bloß einen grundlegenden Anachronismus rechtfertigen: Im ganzen Buch ist mit Österreich der gegenwärtige natio-* Roman Sandgruber, Ökonomie und Politik. Österreichische Wirtschaftsgeschichte vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart , Wien 1995. D i s k u s s i o n • 535-553

The Law on budget and the budgetary system that regulates budgetary accounting and reporting determines the manner of preparation and submission of financial reports of the local government treasury, as well as of direct and indirect users of budget funds. The content and format of the financial statements forms, as well as the deadlines and manner of submission to the competent institutions are defined. Budgetary beneficiaries, as the main subjects of the budgetary accounting system, have an obligation to report on their financial activities and bookkeeping operations and are closely linked to central (republic or local) accounting systems in order to ensure complete data consistency. The aim of the paper is to point out the importance and role of the development and implementation of information systems for public finance management at the local level, as an integrator of information that provides accounting transparency and quality of financial reporting.

Key words: Financial reporting, Budgetary accounting, Local public finances, Information system
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Cite as:
Tešić, B., Damnjanović, I., & Đoković, F. (2018). Finansijsko izveštavanje korisnika budžetskih sredstava primenom informacionih sistema Financial reporting of budgetary beneficiaries through application of information systems. Revizor, 21(82), 43-55. RSM Advisory, Beograd, ISSN 1450-7005, UDK 657(497.11), COBISS.SR-ID: 264641036.

В статье исследуется проблема понимания эффективности бюджетных расходов. Предлагается определение указанного понятия и дается рекомендация по его законодательному закреплению.
Задача об эффективном расходовании бюджетных средств ставится во множестве нормативных правовых актов и публичных выступлений высокопоставленных государственных чиновников. Эту задачу решают ученые и специалисты-практики. В Бюджетном кодексе Российской Федерации эффективность использования бюджетных средств установлена в форме нормы-принципа, заложенной в основу бюджетной системы Российской Федерации. Однако понятие эффективности бюджетных расходов ни федеральными законами, ни подзаконными актами не закреплено, что делает актуальным исследование этого понятия.

This paper refers to family business as a useful theme in order to explore some critical issues related to the firm seen as an organisational entity. It starts with a review of some consolidated defining approaches to family business, placing them within the widest currents of business management and social sciences branches, and then it adds some reflections in the light of the 'political' and new-institutionalist models. In the end, we here propose a research plan on family business that could be tested in the future in order to verify some research hypotheses based on the combination of the most significant political and new institutionalist assumptions.

The present article aims at identifying evidences of congruence among life cycle stages and people management policies. The empiric verification has been carried out through multiple case studies. The universe of the research has been comprised by six existent organizations in furniture and electro-electronic sector in Santiago city (five branch offices and one head office).The study was carried out in four of those due to restrictions of the others to give out the necessary information. The instruments of data collection used were two questionnaires applied to the managers of the companies.

Proper dissemination and utilization of statistics is a basic requirement for high transparency in financial policies and efficient operation of financial markets, which have long been advocated by international organizations and central bank watchers (Hanke and Morgenstern 2001; Hanke; 2002). State Bank of Pakistan is playing a vital role in disseminating useful and important information in the form of monetary and financial statistics. It is observed that the public/researchers face difficulties in understanding the proper utilization of monetary and financial statistics in the analyses of their country's economy. This paper introduces the application technique of Monetary and Financial Statistics (MFS) in Pakistan under a theoretically sound framework. Findings discover how public/researchers can easily access the information available at web-sites of Financial Institutions. This paper also attempts, to explain the unique linkages of the monetary sector to the real sector economy.

Pakistan is a party to the UN Habitat agenda which envisaged the goal of housing for all. Housing is one of the basic necessities of every human being but due to financial constraints it is beyond the financial resources of the Government of Pakistan to provide housing units to each and every citizen of Pakistan. Due to very limited capacity of the Government of Pakistan the leading role to provide housing units has been assigned to the private sector to provide housing units. The present Legal Frame Work instead of encouraging the private sector is undermining the role of the private sector to provide housing units, so, there is a need to introduce a new self-contained law for the registration of private housing companies at provincial level along with suitable amendments in the existing Legal Framework.

Among other housing developers, the major housing developers are private housing companies and cooperative housing societies, these housing developers can become very effective to achieve the goal of housing for all, but unfortunately, these two have been used to do massive corruption in the housing industry of Pakistan. The major reason is that the legal framework, which is meant to regulate the housing developers, has become an instrument at the hands of housing developers of the housing to commit corruption in the housing industry. These housing developers can become very effective to achieve the goal of housing for all if some suitable amendments are introduced, and the legal framework is strengthened.

Pakistan is a party to the UN Habitat agenda which envisaged the goal of housing for all. Housing is one of the basic necessities of every human being but due to financial constraints it is beyond the financial resources of the Government of Pakistan to provide housing units to each and every citizen of Pakistan. Due to very limited capacity of the Government of Pakistan the leading role to provide housing units has been assigned to the private sector to provide housing units. The present Legal Frame Work instead of encouraging the private sector is undermining the role of the private sector to provide housing units, so, there is a need to introduce a new self-contained law for the registration of private housing companies at provincial level along with suitable amendments in the existing Legal Framework.

Among other housing developers, the major housing developers are private housing companies and cooperative housing societies, these housing developers can become very effective to achieve the goal of housing for all, but unfortunately, these two have been used to do massive corruption in the housing industry of Pakistan. The major reason is that the legal framework, which is meant to regulate the housing developers, has become an instrument at the hands of housing developers of the housing to commit corruption in the housing industry. These housing developers can become very effective to achieve the goal of housing for all if some suitable amendments are introduced, and the legal framework is strengthened.