Avoidant attachment

mother-infant interaction. Contrary to expectations, temperament did not distinguish between emotion regulation styles. The link between over-regulation and lower quality of mother-infant emotional interaction and avoidant attachment was demonstrated. There is empirical support to the claim that it is possible to identify emotion overregulation in infancy and that it is a maladaptive style of emotion regulation.

The impact of adult attachment on psychological adjustment among bereaved parents and the mediating effect of relationship satisfaction were examined among a sample of 219 couples of parents. Data collection took place 6, 13, and 20 months after loss. Use of the actor partner interdependence model in multilevel regression analysis enabled exploration of both individual as well as partner attachment as predictors of grief and depression. Results indicated that the more insecurely attached parents were (on both avoidance and anxiety attachment), the higher the symptoms of grief and depression. Neither the attachment pattern of the partner nor similarity of attachment within the couple had any influence on psychological adjustment of the parent. Marital satisfaction partially mediated the association of anxious attachment with symptomatology. Contrary to previous research findings, avoidant attachment was associated with high grief intensity. These findings challenge the notion that th...

mother-infant interaction. Contrary to expectations, temperament did not distinguish between emotion regulation styles. The link between over-regulation and lower quality of mother-infant emotional interaction and avoidant attachment was demonstrated. There is empirical support to the claim that it is possible to identify emotion overregulation in infancy and that it is a maladaptive style of emotion regulation.

mother-infant interaction. Contrary to expectations, temperament did not distinguish between emotion regulation styles. The link between over-regulation and lower quality of mother-infant emotional interaction and avoidant attachment was demonstrated. There is empirical support to the claim that it is possible to identify emotion overregulation in infancy and that it is a maladaptive style of emotion regulation.

The Annual Mary Lou Fulton Mentored Research Conference showcases some of the best student research from the College of Family, Home, and Social Sciences. The mentored learning program encourages undergraduate students to participate in hands-on and practical research under the direction of a faculty member. Students create these posters as an aide in presenting the results of their research to the public, faculty, and their peers.

mother-infant interaction. Contrary to expectations, temperament did not distinguish between emotion regulation styles. The link between over-regulation and lower quality of mother-infant emotional interaction and avoidant attachment was demonstrated. There is empirical support to the claim that it is possible to identify emotion overregulation in infancy and that it is a maladaptive style of emotion regulation.

Identifying factors behind sexual disorders is of paramount importance. Knowing how these variables work and impinge on each other can improve the quality of couple's sexual life, and reduce the psychological and sociological costs of prevention and treatment of sexual disorders. The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties and their impact on the relationship between attachment pathologies and sexual disorders. A total of 450 individuals with sexual disorders (227 females, 223 males) participated in this study. Participants completed the Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS). The results indicated that attachment pathologies had a significantly positive association with sexual disorders and emotion regulation difficulties. Emotion regulation difficulties also showed a significantly positive association with sexual disorders. The res...

The impact of adult attachment on psychological adjustment among bereaved parents and the mediating effect of relationship satisfaction were examined among a sample of 219 couples of parents. Data collection took place 6, 13, and 20 months after loss. Use of the actor partner interdependence model in multilevel regression analysis enabled exploration of both individual as well as partner attachment as predictors of grief and depression. Results indicated that the more insecurely attached parents were (on both avoidance and anxiety attachment), the higher the symptoms of grief and depression. Neither the attachment pattern of the partner nor similarity of attachment within the couple had any influence on psychological adjustment of the parent. Marital satisfaction partially mediated the association of anxious attachment with symptomatology. Contrary to previous research findings, avoidant attachment was associated with high grief intensity. These findings challenge the notion that th...

Recent research investigated the role of the emotion dysregulation in the development and maintenance of anxiety symptoms. The purpose of the present study was to examine the mediating role of emotion dysregulation strategies on the relationship between negative emotion intensity and safety motivation system with anxiety symptoms. A total of 621 students (392 females, 229 males) from the universities in Tehran participated in the study. Participants completed the Farsi version of Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire-short form (MASQ-SF), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Affect Intensity Measure (AIM), Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ), Attentional Control Scale (ACS), Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ), Experiences Questionnaire (EQ), and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). The results demonstrated that negative emotion intensity had a positive significant association with safety motivation. Moreover, among the emotio...

ARTICLE INFORMATION Background and aim: Depression as the most common psychiatric and mood disorder affects many people in all parts of the world. Depression is associated with long periods, variety of symptoms, high rate of recurrence and many physical and mental disorders. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of treatment focused on emotion and strategic treatment focused on emotional, cognitive, motivational and biological symptoms of major depressive disorder. Methods: The current research was applied in terms of the purpose of the research. The design of the quasi-experimental research was pre-test-post-test with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research included all women and men who referred to the counseling and psychological center of the beautiful mind of Bojnord city in 2019-20, who referred to psychiatrists, psychologists and mental health specialists, and the specialists of the center gave them a diagnosis of major depressive disorder. The sample of this research includes 45 people from the mentioned society who, using simple randomization method, were divided into three groups of emotion-focused couple therapy (n=15), solution-oriented couple therapy (n=15) and control group (n=15) were assigned. The data was obtained using a depression questionnaire (made by the researcher). Mean and standard deviation were used in the descriptive statistics section, and variance analysis method with repeated measures was used in the inferential statistics section. Results: The results showed that emotion-focused therapy has a greater effect on the emotional, motivational and biological (vegetative) symptoms of major depressive disorder than solution-oriented strategy therapy (P < 0.01) and solution-oriented strategy therapy has more impact than focused therapy. Emotion has a greater effect on the cognitive symptoms of major depressive disorder (P<0.01). The results of this research were also permanent in the follow-up phase. Conclusion: It can be concluded that emotion-focused therapy and solution-oriented strategic therapy focused on emotional, cognitive, motivational symptoms and biological symptoms of major depressive disorder were effective, and these treatments can be used to reduce the problems of people with major depression.

Recent research investigated the role of the emotion dysregulation in the development and maintenance of anxiety symptoms. The purpose of the present study was to examine the mediating role of emotion dysregulation strategies on the relationship between negative emotion intensity and safety motivation system with anxiety symptoms. A total of 621 students (392 females, 229 males) from the universities in Tehran participated in the study. Participants completed the Farsi version of Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire-short form (MASQ-SF), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Affect Intensity Measure (AIM), Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ), Attentional Control Scale (ACS), Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ), Experiences Questionnaire (EQ), and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). The results demonstrated that negative emotion intensity had a positive significant association with safety motivation. Moreover, among the emotio...

Objective: Although the Internet is used effectively in many areas of life, some users experience problems because of over-use due to a lack of control. The diagnostic criteria for Internet addiction include disruptions in family relationships, but adequate data on the attachment styles and family functioning associated with this condition are limited. This study aimed to investigate the attachment styles and family functioning of patients with Internet addiction. Method: The sample included 30 male patients consecutively admitted to the Bakırköy Mental Health and Research Hospital Internet Addiction Outpatient Clinic, who were diagnosed in clinical interviews as having Internet addiction according to Young's (1998) criteria. Thirty healthy males who were matched with the experimental group in terms of sociodemographic characteristics were included as control subjects. Both groups provided sociodemographic data and completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire-r (ECR-r) and the Family Assessment Device (FAD). Results: Patients with Internet addiction had higher BDI scores (Pb.001) and higher attachment anxiety subscores on ECR-r (Pb .001) compared with those in the control group. Patients with Internet addiction evaluated their family functioning as more negative and reported problems in every aspect addressed by the FAD. Scores on the FAD behaviour control, affective responsiveness, and problem-solving subscales (Pb .05) and on the FAD communication, roles, and general functioning subscales (Pb.001) were significantly higher in the patient compared with the control group. Conclusion: Patients with Internet addiction have more anxious attachment styles as well as prominent disruptions in family functioning. Thus, it may be important to evaluate the attachment styles and family functioning of patients with Internet addiction. Indeed, comprehensive treatment approaches including other family members may make important contributions to treatment success.

Objective: Although the Internet is used effectively in many areas of life, some users experience problems because of over-use due to a lack of control. The diagnostic criteria for Internet addiction include disruptions in family relationships, but adequate data on the attachment styles and family functioning associated with this condition are limited. This study aimed to investigate the attachment styles and family functioning of patients with Internet addiction. Method: The sample included 30 male patients consecutively admitted to the Bakırköy Mental Health and Research Hospital Internet Addiction Outpatient Clinic, who were diagnosed in clinical interviews as having Internet addiction according to Young's (1998) criteria. Thirty healthy males who were matched with the experimental group in terms of sociodemographic characteristics were included as control subjects. Both groups provided sociodemographic data and completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire-r (ECR-r) and the Family Assessment Device (FAD). Results: Patients with Internet addiction had higher BDI scores (Pb.001) and higher attachment anxiety subscores on ECR-r (Pb .001) compared with those in the control group. Patients with Internet addiction evaluated their family functioning as more negative and reported problems in every aspect addressed by the FAD. Scores on the FAD behaviour control, affective responsiveness, and problem-solving subscales (Pb .05) and on the FAD communication, roles, and general functioning subscales (Pb.001) were significantly higher in the patient compared with the control group. Conclusion: Patients with Internet addiction have more anxious attachment styles as well as prominent disruptions in family functioning. Thus, it may be important to evaluate the attachment styles and family functioning of patients with Internet addiction. Indeed, comprehensive treatment approaches including other family members may make important contributions to treatment success.

The perception of spouse has changed with respect to the level of illusion and disillusion, and according to these changes, four states included of optimistic, confusion, realism and devastation are achieved. The aim of this phenomenology research was to identify dynamics of Interaction with spouse in married women in four states. 65 women were selected through purposeful sampling from those who gain the highest score in each of the quadruple states in the researcher-made questionnaire of illusion and disillusion, and in the form of 4 groups participated in this study. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection and with thematic analysis findings were analyzed. Findings of four groups included 41 sub themes which were classified into three main themes of cognitive, emotional and behavioral dynamics according to similarities, differences and comparing the contents of themes in four study groups. The results of the research showed that identifying each of the four states...

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is one of the most common and debilitating psychological disorders. Numerous studies have examined the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapies and third generation on the improvement of obsessive-compulsive disorder, But the main issue is that if new therapies such as imagery Rescripting and reprocessing therapy affect women's obsessive-compulsive disorder? Aims: This study was implemented to study the effectiveness of imagery Rescripting and reprocessing therapy on cognitive abilities, distress tolerance and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder in women. Method: The present study is a quasi-experimental. The quasi-experimental design of the present study was pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all women aged 20 to 45 years in Kermanshah in 1397. The research sample was 40 women aged 20 to 45 years in Kermanshah who were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Structured clinical interview, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Goodman et al., 1986), Nejati cognitive ability questionnaire (2013) and Simmons et al. (2005) Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) were used to collect data. The experimental group received 12 sessions of 90 minutes imagery Rescripting and reprocessing therapy (IRRT) based on the approach of O’Shea and Moran (2019) once a week and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using mixed variance analysis with repeated measuring. Results: The results of mixed variance analysis with repeated measuring showed that imagery rescripting and reprocessing therapy (IRRT) is effective in reducing cognitive problems and the symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder and increasing distress tolerance (P≤0/001). Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study and considering that the pattern of imagery Rescripting and reprocessing therapy Focuses on images, feeling, disturbing memories, and cognitive reconstruction, it can be considered as an effective intervention along with other therapeutic interventions for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder Practically used.

Background and Aim: This study was aimed to design software for attention bias modification and its effectiveness on students' emotion regulation. Methods: The method of this research was a quasiexperimental method in the form of a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The software was designed and built by the researchers. The statistical population consisted of all students of the Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences of Iran University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 1996-97. Randomized to four experimental groups, each consisting of 15 subjects and a control group of 15 individuals. The experimental groups were divided into four groups: the first group played a positive face selection game among other facial emotions. The second group played the game of choosing positive images from other images in the field of animated and inanimate nature. The third group had to choose a word with a positive meaning from neutral words. The fourth group played a combination of all three groups above. Gross and John's (2003) emotion regulation questionnaire was used for data collection. The data were analyzed by SPSS software using mixed analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that the designed software had sufficient content and differential validity and the results suggest that the use of facial expressions, words, combined group and animated and inanimate images on emotion regulation was more than the control group. This difference was also significant at the follow-up stage. Conclusion: the largest increase in emotion regulation was related to the use of facial expression images.

Recent research investigated the role of the emotion dysregulation in the development and maintenance of anxiety symptoms. The purpose of the present study was to examine the mediating role of emotion dysregulation strategies on the relationship between negative emotion intensity and safety motivation system with anxiety symptoms. A total of 621 students (392 females, 229 males) from the universities in Tehran participated in the study. Participants completed the Farsi version of Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire-short form (MASQ-SF), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Affect Intensity Measure (AIM), Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ), Attentional Control Scale (ACS), Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ), Experiences Questionnaire (EQ), and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). The results demonstrated that negative emotion intensity had a positive significant association with safety motivation. Moreover, among the emotio...

The impact of adult attachment on psychological adjustment among bereaved parents and the mediating effect of relationship satisfaction were examined among a sample of 219 couples of parents. Data collection took place 6, 13, and 20 months after loss. Use of the actor partner interdependence model in multilevel regression analysis enabled exploration of both individual as well as partner attachment as predictors of grief and depression. Results indicated that the more insecurely attached parents were (on both avoidance and anxiety attachment), the higher the symptoms of grief and depression. Neither the attachment pattern of the partner nor similarity of attachment within the couple had any influence on psychological adjustment of the parent. Marital satisfaction partially mediated the association of anxious attachment with symptomatology. Contrary to previous research findings, avoidant attachment was associated with high grief intensity. These findings challenge the notion that th...

Introduction: Today, drug abuse as a multifaceted phenomenon has become one of the main problems in societies and has taken different forms. Aim: The present study aims to examine the relationship between the duration and the rate of drug use and explicit/ implicit memory bias among opium and stimulant addicts. Method: The study design was a casual-comparative study. The statistical population included all opium and stimulant addicts in Takab city in 2018, that 30 opium addicts and 30 stimulant (methamphetamine) addicts were selected by available sampling and were homogenized in terms of some demographic variables. The research instruments included a computerized explicit memory, a computerized word base completion test, an unstructured clinical interview, and a demographic information questionnaire. Statistical data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, t -test and SPSS-17 software. Results: The results showed that there is a relationship between...

The Effect of Attachment on the Therapeutic Alliance in Couples Therapy Shawn A. Bills School of Family Life, BYU Master of Science There is substantial evidence that the strength of the therapeutic alliance in couples therapy is predictive of successful treatment outcome. However, little research has examined the factors that predict a strong therapeutic alliance in couples therapy. With evidence indicating that attachment styles play an important role in the development of healthy adult relationships, it was hypothesized that the attachment styles of partners in couples therapy would predict the development of a strong therapeutic alliance. Data from 115 heterosexual couples seen at a university-based MFT clinic in the southeastern region of the U.S. were used to test this hypothesis. Using multiple regression, results generally found that attachment styles generally predicted the therapeutic alliance among women, but there was only limited support among men. The results of the st...

Background and Aim Attention Control Training is a new cognitive intervention that improves emotion regulation by reducing attentional bias towards negative information. Given the significant association between death anxiety and emotion dysregulation and death-related attentional bias, this study aimed to assess attention control training as an intervention for reducing death anxiety. Methods & Materials In this clinical trial, the Convenience Sampling Method sampled 50 university students in Tehran and was randomly assigned to 2 experimental and 1 control groups. Attention control training was delivered using death-related stimuli for the 1st experimental group and negative stimuli unrelated to death for the 2nd experimental group. The control group didn't receive any interventions. In 3 measurements of pretest, posttest, and 3 months follow-up, death-related attentional bias, death anxiety, and sensitivity to mortality salience were assessed, respectively, using the Modified Stroop Test, Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale (MFODS), and Propensity to Moral Disengagement Scale (PMDS) after inducing Mortality Salience condition. Ethical Considerations This study was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (Code: IRCT20190406043181N1) and was approved by the research ethics committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.SBMU.MSP.REC.1398.539). Results The study showed that after completing attention control training, the 1st experimental group's death-related attentional bias, death anxiety, and sensitivity to mortality salience were significantly reduced (P<0.05), and this reduction was maintained at 3 months of follow-up. No significant changes were observed in the other two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that attention control training is capable of significantly reducing death-related attentional bias, and this reduction in attentional bias leads to decreased death anxiety and sensitivity to mortality salience

Parental personality is a main contributor to parenting outcomes. However, research on parental personality and parenting or coparenting behaviour is scarce. These few studies showed that disagreeableness and neuroticism are consequently related to negative parenting outcomes. Machiavellianism is an antagonistic and socially aversive personality trait. Machiavellianism has been linked to unfavourable outcomes in several different types of relationships (e.g., romantic relationships, workplace relationships). Using self-report measures, I investigated the association between parental Machiavellianism, adolescents’ perceptions of parenting behaviour, and parent reported coparenting in a sample of 98 families raising adolescents. According to the results, Machiavellianism was positively related to adolescents’ perceptions of rejecting and overprotective parenting behaviour in mothers. With regard to coparenting, fathers’ Machiavellianism had a negative effect both on their own and on t...

The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of emotion regulation training based on Gross&#39;s model on the reappraisal and emotional Suppression in the soldiers with opioid use disorder. The design of the study was semi-experimental and has performed in a pretest-posttest format with a control group. All the soldiers who were under the methadone maintenance treatment at the medical clinic of Kerman Air Force Base were the population of the study. Using random sampling Method, 40 soldiers were recruited as the sample members and then divided into experiment and control groups accidentally. After separating the groups, the experimental group members received 8 sessions of emotion regulation training (90 minutes per a session) based on Gross&#39;s model. And, at last, posttest conducted for both group members again. The analysis of Covariance test was employed for the data analyzing. The result of the study indicated that, the emotion regulation training has been e...

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different levels of anxiety on the selection of waiting conditions of female undergraduate students at the Islamic Azad University of Sari. Method: For this purpose, 129 subjects were selected through multistage random sampling method, then their homogeneity in terms of gender, age, level of anxiety, and educational level was assured. Before entering the independent variable to measure anxiety level, Spielberger's State- Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to control the intrusive variable, which data analysis through the Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant difference between the three groups (State scale: H = 0.562, df = 2, sig = 0.755, a= 0.05; and trait scale: H = 0.990, df = 2, sig = 0.610, a = 0.05). The instrument used in this research was a performance and measurement package that was applied according to the implementation instructions. Finally, the data were analyzed through nonparametric statistics of Fridman Two-Way Analysis of Variance by using SPSS software. Results: The results showed that different levels of anxiety had an impact on the choice of waiting conditions. Comparisons of average ranks has shown that participants preference for choice was 'cognitive clarity', 'emotional comparison', ‘crowd’ and 'being alone', respectively. Conclusion: Given the high frequency of cognitive clarity, it can be concluded that acquiring expert information (i.e., cognitive clarity) to adapt to critical situations has been more important than other variables that researchers have emphasized so far.

Introduction and purpose: Aging of the population and elderly is accompanied with several related problems. One of the prevalent problems among elderly is the insecure lifestyle which is also a key factor in mental disorders such as depression (a common mental disorder). Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the differ ence in attachment styles of elderly who are living at home in comparison with nursing home residents. Material and methods: This Causal-Comparative study was conducted among seniors in the province of Semnan. We included 40 elderly (with two equal groups from nursing resident and elderly who were living at home) using the convenience sampling method. Samples were matched in terms of their age and sex. Data were collected using the Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI) and were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Findings: The mean age of participants in this study was 68±16 years old. Our findings revealed that there are significant differen...

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the role of spontaneous or deliberate mind-wandering and dispositional mindfulness in predicting the obsession symptoms in college students. Methods In a descriptive, correlated and tentative research, 391 students of Tabriz University were chosen and included in the inquiry via the available sampling method. The data were gathered using the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), Mind Wandering Spontaneous (MW-S), Mind Wandering Deliberate (MW-D) self-report scales and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Pearson correlation-coefficient method and multiple regression were used to analyze the data simultaneously. Results Correlation results showed that the deliberate mind wandering (r=0.19, P=0.05) and spontaneous mind wandering (r=0.64, P=0.01) have positive and direct relationship with obsession symptoms, while the components of mindfulness, the components of observation (r=0.11, P=0.05 ،acting with awareness (r=-0.41, P=0.01), disrespect to inner experience(r=-0.50, P=0.01) and lack of reaction to inner experience(r=-0.61, P=0.01) have a negative and reverse relationship with obsession. The results from the concurrent regression analysis shows that from mind wandering components only spontaneous mind wandering variable (P<0.01, β=0.51)and from mindfulness components, only act with awareness, non-judgmental orientation to one's present experience and non-reactive orientation to one's present experience(β=-0.20, β=-0.22, β=-0.41)can predict obsession symptoms. Conclusion The findings of this research emphasized the role of spontaneous mind wandering and components of acting with awareness, non-judgmental orientation to one's present experience and non-reactive orientation to one's present experience in predicting obsession symptoms in the college students. These findings will be beneficial in explaining obsession symptoms and their etiology in the college students.

1 PhD Student, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran 2 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran * Corresponding author: Golamreza Manshaee, Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail: smanshaee@yahoo.com

Objective: Prosocial behavior is one of the structures that has been seriously considered in social psychology and can be influenced by various factors. Hence, the purpose of this study was develop a structural model to explain prosocial behaviors based on belonging motivation and sensitivity to rejection mediated by social trust. The research method was correlational and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study was all students of Bu Ali Sina University in the academic year 1399-1400, that 400 people was selected by random cluster sampling. The instruments used in this study was include scales of Caprara et al. (2005) prosocial behavior, Saffarinia & Sharif (2010) social trust, affiliation motivation of Cuadrado et al. (2016) and Danny and Foldman (1996) rejection sensitivity. The results showed that the conceptual model developed had a good fit with the data. The results of structural relationships of the model showed that affiliation motivation and rejection sensitivity have a direct and significant effect on social trust (p <0.01) and prosocial behavior (p <0.01). Also, social trust had a direct and significant effect on prosocial behavior (p <0.01). The results of indirect relationships showed that affiliation motivation and rejection sensitivity mediated by social trust have a significant effect on prosocial behavior (p <0.01). Based on the results, the affiliation motivation and the sensitivity to rejection affect social trust and prosocial behaviors. Therefore, by developing programs to educate and increase affiliation motivation and reduce sensitivity to rejection in individuals, we can expect improvement in their prosocial behaviors.

Introduction: Difficulty in emotion regulation causes employing unadjustment strategies to respond to emotions. The basic distinction between cognitive approach and other approaches is the emphasis on this approach to mental processes. The purpose of this research is studying the effect of attention biase modification on emotion regulation and its items in people with avoidant attachent syle. Method: Thus 60 persons of Semnan counselling centers clients in 2018-2019 were selected randomly as sample of the research. Difficulty in Emotion Regulation questionnaire, Experience in Close Relationship questionnaire and Superlab software were used for participates scores evaluating. The scores of emotional adjustment variables and its dimensions in both pre and post test phases were analyzed using repeated measure multivariate analysis of variance analysis. Results: The findings determined attention bias modification by dot probe could reduce difficulty in emotion regulation and make some significant effects on emotion regulation subscales. Conclusion: Results showed attention bias modification can make intervention in order to reduce emotion regulation problems. Also this way can be useful in treatment by emotional and attentional bias approach.
Keyword: Emotion regulation, Avoidant attachment, Attention bias, Dot prob

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) and Integration of Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Cognitive Therapy Based on Compassionate-mind on Reduction Mental Pain and Dificulty Emotion Regulation People attempted suicide.
Methods: The sample consisted of 48 suicide attempters and volunteers participated in the intervention, who were randomly selected from among 120 suicidal attempts and randomly assigned to two groups of experimental and control. The experimental groups received 14 mentioned treatment Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Cognitive Therapy Based on Compassionate-mind sessions. The subjects of the experimental and control groups in the pretest, posttest and follow-up stages completed the Orbach & Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale (OMMP) (2003) and Dificulty Emotion Regulation Scale Gratz and Roemer (2004). After collecting data and In order to follow the ethical considerations, for the group members of waiting list, 10 group counseling sessions were held.
Results: The results of multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) showed that the Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) and Integration of Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Cognitive Therapy Based on Compassionate-mind are effective on the Mental Pain, and Dificulty Emotion Regulation on those People attempted suicide (P ≤ 0.001).
Conclusion: According to the results obtained on effectiveness of the Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) and Integration of Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Cognitive Therapy Based on Compassionate-mind on reducing the components of mental pain and Dificulty Emotion Regulation, can be used along with the Medical treatment and other evidenced based treatments for people attempted suicide as a useful and complementary therapeutic method.

Objectives This study aims to investigate the effect of Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) on depression, anxiety, and Difficulty in Emotion Regulation (DER) in women with Binge Eating Disorder (BED). Methods This is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test/post-test/follow-up design using a control group. Study population consists of all women referred to the obesity clinics in Tehran in 2019. Of these, 40 were selected using a purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n=20) and control (n=20). The intervention group received 10 sessions of EFT, each session for 90 minutes. Data collection tools were the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Binge Eating Scale (BES), which were completed before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated measure ANIVA in SPSS v. 21 software. Results Group EFT significantly reduced the mean anxiety, depression, DER and severity of binge eating after intervention and over the 2-month follow-up period in BED women (P<0.05). Conclusion The EFT can reduce anxiety, depression, DER and binge eating severity in BED women, and its effect remains constant after two months. It can be useful in the treatment of BED.