Phänomenologie und Ethik. Perspektivische Erkundungen / Phaenomenology and Ethics. Perspective explorations, 2022
The aim of the paper is to show that truth can only be adequately interpreted through an intersub... more The aim of the paper is to show that truth can only be adequately interpreted through an intersubjective framework. The authors have chosen such an approach because both of the prominent approaches of truth i.e. the correspondence theories of truth and the deflationary approaches, are plagued with many difficulties, as will be shown in the first two parts of the paper. The motivation for the theory is found in both Husserl’s and late Wittgenstein’s philosophy, taken in broad terms. This means that the idea of intersubjective agreement is borrowed from the respective outlooks of the mentioned philosophers. However, we do not claim that either Husserl or Wittgenstein understood truth in such terms. One other starting point is Davidson’s approach to truth, as outlined in Davidson (1990 and 1996). We have decided for such an approach because we believe that it encompasses the ordinary nonreflective notion of truth better than both groups of theories mentioned before and because it is a more down to earth approach to truth, which means that it can be applied to a broader framework of phenomena.
Ovim se člankom nastoji baciti novo svjetlo na osobu i djelo Ludwiga Wittgensteina, poznatoga aus... more Ovim se člankom nastoji baciti novo svjetlo na osobu i djelo Ludwiga Wittgensteina, poznatoga austrijskog mislitelja, po mnogima jednoga od najvećih suvremenih filozofa. U znanstvenome svijetu njega se obično percipira kao prethodnika logičkoga pozitivizma, odnosno jednoga od osnivača analitičke filozofije pa se pretpostavlja kako je on, poput većine filozofa spomenutoga pravca, religiju smatrao besmislenom ili o njoj uopće nije govorio. Nasuprot takvoj predodžbi u ovome se radu argumentirano pokazuje kako je čitav njegov život bio prožet religioznim impulsom i bitno mu zacrtavao smjer. Iako nije bio pripadnik nijedne religijske zajednice, Wittgenstein je svim problemima pristupao s vjerskoga zrenika. O tome se govori u članku koji je podijeljen u tri tematske cjeline. U prvoj se predočuje religiozna pozadina Wittgensteinova života, u drugoj se iznose njegovi stavovi o religiji, a u trećoj se razmatraju mišljenja nekih priznatih filozofa vezanih za ovu problematiku.This article stem...
It is said that great men live forever. This most certainly applies to professor Hintikka, who wa... more It is said that great men live forever. This most certainly applies to professor Hintikka, who was indeed a man of such kind. That is why it could be said that August th , marked the end of an era. On that day, after a shorter illness, Jaakko Hintikka, a world renowned Finish philosopher, died at the age of . He was best known for his contributions to philosophical disciplines such as logic, philosophy of science, philosophy of language, epistemology, philosophy of mathematics and some other related areas. Specifically, his contributions include tree methods, possible-world semantics of modal logic, epistemic logic, IF-logic, game-theoretical semantics, interrogative model of inquiry and much more. He also wrote extensively about philosophers such as Aristotle, Descartes, Kant, Peirce, Frege and Wittgenstein. His works include over books, some of which are Knowledge and Belief (), Models for Modalities (), Investigating Wittgenstein (, co-authored with Merrill B. Hintikka), The Principles of Mathematics Revisited () and Socratic Epistemology (). Besides this, he wrote several hundred scientific articles dealing with almost every philosophical discipline. He studied philosophy at the University of Helsinki, where he earned a doctoral degree in .
Prilozi za istraživanje hrvatske filozofske baštine
Cilj rada je prikazati Pivčevićevu teoriju istine i dati osvrt na njenu izvornost. U tu svrhu će ... more Cilj rada je prikazati Pivčevićevu teoriju istine i dati osvrt na njenu izvornost. U tu svrhu će se ponajprije iznijeti pozadina Pivčevićeve teorije istine te onda Pivčevićevi stavovi o drugim teorijama istine i glavni Pivčevićevi stavovi vezani za istinu. Osvrt na Pivčevićevu teoriju uključit će njegov rani osvrt na ovaj problem u članku »Truth as Structure« iz 1974. te zreliju verziju njegove teorije istine predstavljenu u knjizi What is Truth? iz 1997. godine. Pivčevićev nazor o istini napredovat će od stava da se narav istine ogleda kroz strukturu istinitosnih tvrdnji do stava da je istina događaj koji opstaje onoliko dugo koliko postoje uvjeti za njegovo događanje i ne postoji dok se ne dogodi. Kako bi se Pivčevićevu teoriju kontekstualiziralo, usporedit će ju se s minimalističkim shvaćanjem istine i sa stavovima Donalda Davidsona o navedenom problemu.
One of the biggest misconceptions of the modern age is the attitude that science is our only guid... more One of the biggest misconceptions of the modern age is the attitude that science is our only guide in true knowledge about the world. That which was the role of philosophy and religion in the "dark" ages is replaced by science in the age of enlightenment. This is seen as a sort of a Copernican revolution, because attitudes are no longer accepted solely on the basis of authority, but on the grounds of critical reflection. Rationality, and not dogmaticity, becomes the criterion. The enormous advance and high degree of applicability of science have only amplified this thesis. Contrary to the stated, the starting assumption of this research is that science doesn't talk about truth at all. The nature of science, as defined by Popper and Kuhn after him, shows that the goal which science is following is to find a solution which is sustainable at the moment, but subject to change when a better solution appears. Emphasis is not put on a correct description of the world, but on ...
One of the biggest misconceptions of the modern age is the attitude that science is our only guid... more One of the biggest misconceptions of the modern age is the attitude that science is our only guide in true knowledge about the world. That which was the role of philosophy and religion in the “dark” ages is replaced by science in the age of enlightenment. This is seen as a sort of a Copernican revolution, because attitudes are no longer accepted solely on the basis of authority, but on the grounds of critical reflection. Rationality, and not dogmaticity, becomes the criterion. The enormous advance and high degree of applicability of science have only amplified this thesis. Contrary to the stated, the starting assumption of this research is that science doesn’t talk about truth at all. The nature of science, as defined by Popper and Kuhn after him, shows that the goal which science is following is to find a solution which is sustainable at the moment, but subject to change when a better solution appears. Emphasis is not put on a correct description of the world, but on the descriptio...
The concept of knowledge has a long history inside philosophical tradition, but it was particular... more The concept of knowledge has a long history inside philosophical tradition, but it was particularly emphasized during the Enlightenment. Knowledge and reason were highlighted as being the only waymarks men needed. To emphasize the concept of knowledge, Enlightenment thinkers had contrasted it with concepts of authority and tradition. According to them, these concepts include non-critical and unexamined acceptance of worldviews, which is incommensurable with the concept of man, who needs to think critically about reality and adopt only those views, which are based on critical insight and not on tradition or authority. Hans Georg Gadamer gave a harsh criticism of this view of Enlightenment thinkers, stating that knowledge and authority are not exclusive concepts as authority is gained through knowledge, i.e. through realization that someone has a superior level of knowledge, and not through blind obedience. Gadamer also emphasized that knowledge is not possible without some pre-knowle...
One of the biggest misconceptions of the modern age is the attitude that science is our only guid... more One of the biggest misconceptions of the modern age is the attitude that science is our only guide in true knowledge about the world. That which was the role of philosophy and religion in the “dark” ages is replaced by science in the age of enlightenment. This is seen as a sort of a Copernican revolution, because attitudes are no longer accepted solely on the basis of authority, but on the grounds of critical reflection. Rationality, and not dogmaticity, becomes the criterion. The enormous advance and high degree of applicability of science have only amplified this thesis. Contrary to the stated, the starting assumption of this research is that science doesn’t talk about truth at all. The nature of science, as defined by Popper and Kuhn after him, shows that the goal which science is following is to find a solution which is sustainable at the moment, but subject to change when a better solution appears. Emphasis is not put on a correct description of the world, but on the descriptio...
U radu se daje opis Bakulinih kozmoloskih shvacanja u prvoj i drugoj knjizi njegova djela Pravo m... more U radu se daje opis Bakulinih kozmoloskih shvacanja u prvoj i drugoj knjizi njegova djela Pravo mudroznanje za svakog covika. Iako su ta pitanja povezana s ontoloskim, teoloskim i spoznajnim pitanjima naglasak je stavljen na pitanja o svijetu u svjetlu filozofskih i novijih znanstvenih spoznaja Bakulina doba. Govori se o Bakulinu objasn javanju u stihovima cjeline svijeta i njegove uređenosti, njegovoj promjeni, svojstvima tijela koja postoje u svijetum njihovim međudjelovanjima (gravitacijska sila), uzrocnosti i sl. Posebno se istice njegovo razaumijevanje nauka o elementima pa se navode neke tvrdnje o vatri, vodi, zraku i zemlji. Dosta je i pitanja vezanih uz ulogu Sunca za život na Zemlji. Utvrđuje se da je Bakulino djelo prosvjetiteljskog karaktera jer puku kojemu je djelo namijenjeno želi objasniti novija znanstvena postignuca na nacin kako bi ga svi mogli razumjeti, a to je narodni deseterac.
Abstract The main focal point of the paper will be the problem of communication. This problem wil... more Abstract The main focal point of the paper will be the problem of communication. This problem will be addressed from multiple angles, with the theorethical viewpoint typical for philosophy. General questions like the possibility of communication and its sources will be presented through some specific problems like the problem of following a rule, critique of essentialism and an adequate theory of communication or, more specifically, conversation. Authorities in this field, like Frege, Wittgenstein, Searle, Kripke and Grice will be consulted to provide a background for the theses of the paper. Key words: communication, linguistic community, following a rule, Wittgenstein.
Domovinski rat i njegovi društveno-ekonomski odrazi na razvoj hrvatskoga istoka, 2016
U radu će se suprotstaviti koncepti individualne i kolektivne moralne odgovornosti u posttraumati... more U radu će se suprotstaviti koncepti individualne i kolektivne moralne odgovornosti u posttraumatičnim društvima, odnosno onima koja su pretrpjela otvorene sukobe, teška nasilja i masovne zločine. Kolektivna je odgovornost obuhvatna i podrazumijeva odgovornost za suočavanje sa zločinima vlastitoga naroda, ponajprije radi vlastite moralne rekuperacije i ponovnoga uspostavljanja moralnih standarda, a zatim i radi iskrenoga pomirenja sa žrtvama. Nužno je međutim reći da je koncept kolektivne moralne odgovornosti kroz cijelu ljudsku povijest bio tek političko sredstvo za daljnje produbljivanje sukoba i nemogućnosti stvarnoga pomirenja. Čak i ako koncept kolektivne krivnje postoji, on se može pronaći tek u Jaseprsovoj dimenziji političke krivnje, tj. za svjesno ili nesvjesno prenošenje legitimacije na državni poredak koji je sustavno činio zločine. Ova dimenzija krivnje kao posljedicu povlači političku odgovornost te može biti nametnuta izvana. No naglasak je ponajprije na katarzičnosti i istinskoj želji za pomirenjem. Pomoću nje nije moguće imputirati zajednici genuinu zločinačku narav, trajno breme krvnika ili subjekta nedostojnoga participacije u novouspostavljenim političkim odnosima. Jaspers eksplicitno naglašava da moralna krivnja i posljedična odgovornost nikada ne mogu biti pripisane kolektivu, odnosno političkoj zajednici, ona je uvijek individualna, čak i ako su pokidani moralni standardi cjelokupnoga društva. Ne postoji kolektivna moralna osuda, niti kajanje, a nipošto otkupljenje.
Abstract
The main focal point of the paper will be the problem of communication.
This problem wil... more Abstract The main focal point of the paper will be the problem of communication. This problem will be addressed from multiple angles, with the theorethical viewpoint typical for philosophy. General questions like the possibility of communication and its sources will be presented through some specific problems like the problem of following a rule, critique of essentialism and an adequate theory of communication or, more specifically, conversation. Authorities in this field, like Frege, Wittgenstein, Searle, Kripke and Grice will be consulted to provide a background for the theses of the paper. Key words: communication, linguistic community, following a rule, Wittgenstein.
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Papers by Mate Penava
The main focal point of the paper will be the problem of communication.
This problem will be addressed from multiple angles, with the theorethical viewpoint typical for philosophy. General questions like the possibility
of communication and its sources will be presented through some specific
problems like the problem of following a rule, critique of essentialism and
an adequate theory of communication or, more specifically, conversation.
Authorities in this field, like Frege, Wittgenstein, Searle, Kripke and Grice
will be consulted to provide a background for the theses of the paper.
Key words: communication, linguistic community, following a rule,
Wittgenstein.