Essaghoolian, 2019 - Google Patents

Initial coin offerings: Emerging technology's fundraising innovation

Essaghoolian, 2019

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Document ID
5309016977066869374
Author
Essaghoolian N
Publication year
Publication venue
UCLA l. Rev.

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As Bitcoin becomes popular among the masses and blockchain technology is adopted among different industries, more people have been investing in new cryptocurrencies in hopes of making a fortune. A cryptocurrency is a digital currency that uses code to verify …
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