WO2025219104A1 - Control device for a transmission, with driven coupling - Google Patents

Control device for a transmission, with driven coupling

Info

Publication number
WO2025219104A1
WO2025219104A1 PCT/EP2025/059221 EP2025059221W WO2025219104A1 WO 2025219104 A1 WO2025219104 A1 WO 2025219104A1 EP 2025059221 W EP2025059221 W EP 2025059221W WO 2025219104 A1 WO2025219104 A1 WO 2025219104A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transmission
coupling
shaft
piloted
rotation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/EP2025/059221
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Stephane Venturi
Gregory DRONCHAT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Original Assignee
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN filed Critical IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Publication of WO2025219104A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025219104A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/10—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with one or more one-way clutches as an essential feature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/0021—Transmissions for multiple ratios specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0034—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising two forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/089—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears all of the meshing gears being supported by a pair of parallel shafts, one being the input shaft and the other the output shaft, there being no countershaft involved
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/36—Inputs being a function of speed
    • F16H59/38—Inputs being a function of speed of gearing elements
    • F16H59/40—Output shaft speed

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of transmission, in particular for systems (e.g. vehicles) driven by an electric machine.
  • the present invention aims to control a transmission connected to an electric machine, in a simple manner, with good performance during energy recovery and by means of a compact transmission.
  • the present invention relates to a device for controlling a transmission, which comprises two gear trains, one with a one-way coupling and one with a piloted coupling.
  • the control device controls the piloted coupling in the open position according to the rotation speed of the secondary shaft of the transmission, and its relative direction of rotation between pinion (toothed wheel) and shaft linked by the one-way coupling (relative to the drive direction of the one-way coupling).
  • control device controls the piloted coupling in the closed position when the relative direction of rotation of the shaft is in the opposite direction to the drive of the one-way coupling, so as to promote the performance of the transmission for energy recovery by the electric machine.
  • control is simple, because only one component is controlled: the piloted coupling.
  • the transmission used is compact, as it only requires two shafts and two gear trains.
  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a transmission, and to an electric vehicle comprising such a control device.
  • the invention relates to a device for controlling a speed transmission, said transmission comprising a first transmission shaft connected to an electrical machine and carrying two primary toothed wheels cooperating with at least two secondary toothed wheels carried by a secondary transmission shaft, forming two movement transmission paths with different transmission ratios, one of said motion transmission paths comprising a one-way coupling, and the other of said motion transmission paths comprising a toothed wheel mounted loosely in rotation on said secondary shaft or on said first transmission shaft and being connected to said shaft through a piloted coupling.
  • Said control device is configured to control said piloted coupling in the open position when the rotational speed of the secondary shaft is lower than a speed threshold in the driving direction of said one-way coupling, and in that said control device is configured to control said piloted coupling in the closed position when the relative direction of rotation is in the opposite direction to the driving direction of said one-way coupling.
  • control device is configured to control said piloted coupling in the open position further when the torque demand of said secondary shaft is greater than a torque threshold.
  • said one-way coupling comprises a freewheel.
  • said one-way coupling is arranged on one of said secondary gears of the motion transmission path having the shortest transmission ratio of said transmission.
  • said controlled coupling is arranged on one of said toothed wheels of the movement transmission path having the longest transmission ratio of said transmission.
  • said piloted coupling is controlled in the closed position when the rotation speed of the secondary transmission shaft is greater than said speed threshold, or when the relative direction of rotation of the shaft on which said one-way coupling is mounted is in the opposite direction to the driving direction of said one-way coupling.
  • each motion transmission path is formed by a gear train.
  • the transmission comprises a self-closed band connecting the toothed wheels of each motion transmission path, preferably said self-closed band is a chain or a belt.
  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a speed transmission, said transmission comprising a first transmission shaft connected to an electric machine and carrying two first toothed wheels cooperating with at least two toothed wheels secondary shafts carried by a secondary transmission shaft forming two motion transmission paths with different transmission ratios, one of said motion transmission paths comprising a one-way coupling, and the other of said motion transmission paths comprising a toothed wheel mounted loosely in rotation on said secondary shaft or on said first transmission shaft and being connected to said shaft through a piloted coupling.
  • the following steps are implemented: a. When the rotational speed of the secondary shaft is lower than a speed threshold in the driving direction of said one-way coupling, said piloted coupling is opened; b. When the relative direction of rotation is in the opposite direction of rotation to the driving direction of said one-way coupling, said piloted coupling is closed.
  • said controlled coupling is further opened when the requested torque of said secondary shaft is greater than a torque threshold.
  • said controlled coupling is closed when the rotational speed of the output shaft is greater than said speed threshold in the driving direction of said unidirectional coupling.
  • the invention relates to an electric vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, comprising a transmission, said transmission comprising a first transmission shaft connected to an electric machine and carrying two primary toothed wheels cooperating with at least two secondary toothed wheels carried by a secondary transmission shaft forming two gear trains with different transmission ratios, one of said gear trains comprising a unidirectional coupling, and the other of said gear trains comprising a toothed wheel mounted to rotate freely on the secondary shaft or on said first transmission shaft and being connected to said shaft through a controlled coupling.
  • Said vehicle comprises a control device according to one of the preceding characteristics.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a transmission adapted for the control device according to a first variant embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a transmission adapted for the control device according to a second variant embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the different control phases as a function of the torque and rotation speed according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the different control phases as a function of the torque and rotation speed according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the present application relates to a device and a method for controlling a transmission connected to an electric machine which can operate in electric motor mode or in energy generator mode, the electric machine being powered by an electric battery.
  • the transmission also called a gearbox, comprises:
  • each primary gear wheel cooperates with a secondary gear wheel, so as to form a motion transmission path.
  • the transmission comprises two motion transmission paths.
  • the two motion transmission paths have different transmission ratios.
  • the transmission ratio is the ratio of the rotational speed of the secondary transmission shaft to the rotational speed of the first transmission shaft.
  • This transmission ratio is proportional to the ratio of the number of teeth on the primary gear wheel to the number of teeth on the secondary gear wheel. (If we take pulley and belt type drive means, the ratio can be adjusted by choosing, in particular, different diameters of the input and output pulleys).
  • each movement transmission path may be formed by a gear train; in other words two toothed wheels cooperating directly.
  • each transmission path may comprise a self-closed band connecting the toothed wheels of each movement transmission path, preferably said self-closed band may be a chain or a belt.
  • the transmission may comprise only two shafts: the first transmission shaft and the second transmission shaft, and may comprise only two transmission ratios.
  • the transmission remains compact and simple to control, while allowing control of the speed and torque of the output shaft adapted to the desired applications (e.g., motor vehicle).
  • one of the gear trains includes a one-way coupling, also called a one-way clutch.
  • one of the gear wheels is connected to its shaft (first transmission shaft or second transmission shaft) by a one-way coupling.
  • a coupling makes it possible to secure the gear wheel and its shaft in one direction of relative rotation, and in the other direction of rotation the gear wheel and the shaft are separated and can rotate relative to each other.
  • Such a one-way coupling is not controllable: the securing and the disengagement are carried out automatically.
  • the one-way coupling can be a freewheel arranged between the bearing of the gear wheel and the shaft.
  • the one-way coupling (the freewheel) is disengaged when there is a speed differential between the shaft and the gear wheel.
  • the other gear train comprises a toothed wheel mounted loosely in rotation on its shaft (first transmission shaft or second transmission shaft), this wheel being connected to its shaft by means of a piloted coupling, also called a piloted disengageable coupling.
  • a piloted coupling allows simple control of the transmission: the closing of the piloted coupling ensures the drive of the toothed wheel, and its opening allows a relative rotation between the toothed wheel and its shaft.
  • the piloting of the piloted coupling can in particular be electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic.
  • the piloted coupling can be a single-disc or multi-disc clutch.
  • the first gear train is the gear train which includes the one-way coupling
  • the second gear train is the gear train which includes the piloted coupling
  • control device controls the piloted clutch in the open position or in the closed position, in particular:
  • the first gear train corresponds to the shortest transmission ratio of the transmission, and the second gear train to the longest transmission ratio of the transmission.
  • the shortest transmission ratio is the one with the lowest transmission ratio, and conversely the longest transmission ratio is the one with the highest transmission ratio.
  • the longest ratio is implemented in particular for energy recovery, and the short ratio is implemented for low rotation speeds.
  • the ratio between the second ratio and the first ratio may be between 0.1 and 0.9, in particular between 0.3 and 0.8.
  • the rotational speed threshold corresponds to the maximum speed of the electric machine in the first gear ratio.
  • the threshold depends on the design of the electric machine and the transmission ratio.
  • the control device can further control the piloted coupling in the open position when the torque demand of the second transmission shaft is greater than a torque threshold, which may correspond to the maximum torque available on the second gear train, preferably with the long ratio (highest transmission ratio) or a predefined torque lower than the maximum torque available on the second gear train, preferably with the long ratio.
  • a torque threshold which may correspond to the maximum torque available on the second gear train, preferably with the long ratio (highest transmission ratio) or a predefined torque lower than the maximum torque available on the second gear train, preferably with the long ratio.
  • control device can control the piloted coupling in the closed position when the rotational speed of the secondary transmission shaft is greater than the speed threshold.
  • the second gear train is engaged when the rotational speed is greater than the speed threshold.
  • the one-way coupling device can be arranged on the secondary gear wheel of the first gear train.
  • the one-way coupling device can be arranged on the primary gear wheel of the first gear train.
  • the piloted coupling can be arranged on the primary gear wheel of the second gear train.
  • the piloted coupling can be arranged on the secondary gear wheel of the second gear train.
  • the output shaft of the transmission can be connected, directly or indirectly, to the axle shaft of an electric vehicle.
  • the transmission may be provided with a rotational speed sensor for the second transmission shaft, the sensor indicating the rotational speed of the second transmission shaft for the control device.
  • the control system may comprise means for estimating the rotational speed of the second transmission shaft, in particular an observer. This configuration limits the instrumentation of the transmission.
  • the invention relates to a method of controlling a speed transmission.
  • the controlled speed transmission is in accordance with any of the variants or combinations of variants described above.
  • control device can implement the control method according to the invention.
  • control device can comprise a unit control which controls the piloted coupling by implementing the steps of the method according to the invention.
  • the first gear train corresponds to the shortest transmission ratio of the transmission
  • the second gear train to the longest transmission ratio of the transmission.
  • the shortest transmission ratio is the one with the lowest transmission ratio
  • the longest transmission ratio is the one with the highest transmission ratio.
  • the longest ratio is used for energy recovery, reverse gear and high rotational speeds
  • the shortest ratio is used for low rotational speeds.
  • the rotation speed threshold corresponds to a speed close (for example 90, 95, 98%) to the maximum speed of the electric machine on the ratio of the first gear train.
  • the control method can furthermore control the piloted coupling in the open position when the torque requested on the second transmission shaft is greater than a torque threshold which can correspond to the maximum torque available on the second gear train (preferably corresponding to the long ratio), or to a predefined torque lower than the maximum torque available on the second gear train (preferably corresponding to the long ratio).
  • a torque threshold which can correspond to the maximum torque available on the second gear train (preferably corresponding to the long ratio), or to a predefined torque lower than the maximum torque available on the second gear train (preferably corresponding to the long ratio).
  • the piloted coupling is controlled in the open position when the following two conditions are satisfied: torque request greater than a torque threshold and rotation speed less than a speed threshold.
  • a "boost" additional torque request
  • the piloted coupling can be controlled in the closed position when the rotational speed of the secondary transmission shaft is greater than the speed threshold.
  • the second gear train is engaged when the rotational speed is greater than the speed threshold.
  • the method may comprise a step of measuring the rotation speed of the second transmission shaft, in particular by means of a rotation speed sensor, in order to determine its rotation speed to compare it with the corresponding threshold.
  • the method may comprise a step of estimating the rotation speed of the second transmission shaft. This configuration limits the instrumentation of the transmission.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates, schematically and in a non-limiting manner, a device for controlling a transmission according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the control device comprises an electrical machine 1 connected to a transmission 2.
  • the electrical machine 1 is connected to the first transmission shaft 3 of the transmission 2.
  • the first transmission shaft 3 carries two primary gear wheels 4 and 5.
  • the transmission 2 further comprises a second transmission shaft 8 carrying two secondary gear wheels 6 and 7.
  • the second transmission shaft is the output of the transmission 2.
  • the primary gear wheel 5 cooperates with the secondary gear wheel 6 to form a first gear train TR1, forming a short ratio (lowest transmission ratio).
  • the primary gear wheel 4 cooperates with the secondary gear wheel 7 to form a second gear train TR2, forming a long ratio (highest transmission ratio).
  • the first gear train TR1 comprises a one-way coupling.
  • this one-way coupling is formed by a freewheel 10 arranged between the bearing 9 of the secondary gear wheel 6 and the secondary transmission shaft 8.
  • the second gear train TR2 comprises a controlled coupling 12.
  • the controlled coupling is arranged between the secondary transmission shaft 8 and the secondary gear wheel 7. Closing the controlled coupling 12 makes it possible to secure the secondary gear wheel 7 and the secondary transmission shaft 8.
  • the control device further comprises a control unit 13 controlling the opening and closing of the piloted coupling 12.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates, schematically and in a non-limiting manner, a device for controlling a transmission according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the control device comprises an electrical machine 1 connected to a transmission 2.
  • the Electric machine 1 is connected to the first transmission shaft 3 of the transmission 2.
  • the first transmission shaft 3 carries two primary gears 4 and 5.
  • the transmission 2 further comprises a second transmission shaft 8 carrying two secondary gears 6 and 7.
  • the second transmission shaft is the output of the transmission 2.
  • the primary gear 5 cooperates with the secondary gear 6 to form a first gear train TR1, forming a short ratio (lowest transmission ratio).
  • the primary gear 4 cooperates with the secondary gear 7 to form a second gear train TR2, forming a long ratio (highest transmission ratio).
  • the first gear train TR1 comprises a one-way coupling.
  • this one-way coupling is formed by a freewheel 10 arranged between the bearing 9 of the secondary gear wheel 6 and the secondary transmission shaft 8.
  • the one-way coupling is formed by a freewheel arranged between the bearing of the first gear wheel 5.
  • the second gear train TR2 comprises a controlled coupling 12.
  • the controlled coupling is arranged between the first transmission shaft 3 and the first gear wheel 4. Closing the controlled coupling 12 makes it possible to secure the first gear wheel 4 and the first transmission shaft 3.
  • the control device further comprises a control unit 13 controlling the opening and closing of the piloted coupling 12.
  • Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the control according to two variants of the invention.
  • Figures 3 and 4 are graphs of the torque C of the output shaft as a function of the rotation speed V of the output shaft.
  • the torque is represented as a relative value compared to the maximum torque of the speed considered.
  • several control zones of the electric machine are represented with different commands.
  • the device and the method according to the invention control the opening of the piloted coupling, the transmission is then ensured by the first gear train with a short ratio
  • the device and the method according to the invention control the closing of the piloted coupling, the transmission is then ensured by the second gear train with a long ratio
  • the device and method according to the invention control the closing of the controlled coupling for reverse gear and the recovery of energy by the electric machine, the transmission then being ensured by the second gear train with a long ratio.
  • the device and the method according to the invention control the opening of the piloted coupling, the transmission is then ensured by the first gear train with a short ratio
  • the device and the method according to the invention control the closing of the controlled coupling, the transmission is then ensured by the second gear train with a long ratio
  • the device and the method according to the invention control the closing of the controlled coupling for reverse gear and energy recovery by the electric machine, the transmission then being ensured by the second gear train with a long ratio.
  • the invention relates to an electric vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle (which may in particular comprise two, three or four wheels), which comprises an electric machine, a speed transmission according to any one of the variants or combinations of variants described above, as well as a control device according to any one of the variants or combinations of variants described above.
  • the control device and method are particularly suitable for use within an electric vehicle, in particular a small urban vehicle, for example a vehicle two-seater automobile, which can be driven without a driving license.
  • the device and the control method according to the invention allow the vehicle to be moved either forward or reverse over the entire range of use of the electric machine, and allow the recovery of electrical energy to be maximized during deceleration and/or braking phases.
  • the invention allows optimal use of the electric machine, without generating high current draws, particularly for vehicles with a high weight/power ratio.
  • control device and method are also suitable for stationary applications requiring an electric drive, for example for household appliances, industrial machines, etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a control device for a transmission, which comprises two motion transmission paths (TR1, TR2), one with a one-way coupling (10) and one with a driven coupling (12). The control device controls the driven coupling (12) to move into the open position depending on the speed of rotation of the secondary shaft of the transmission and its relative direction of rotation between the pinion (toothed wheel) and shaft which are connected by the one-way coupling (with respect to the direction of drive of the one-way coupling). In addition, the control device controls the driven coupling (12) to move into the closed position when the relative direction of rotation of the shaft is in the reverse direction to the direction of drive of the one-way coupling, so as to assist the performance of the transmission for recovering energy via the electric machine.

Description

DISPOSITIF DE CONTROLE D’UNE TRANSMISSION AVEC ACCOUPLEMENT PILOTE TRANSMISSION CONTROL DEVICE WITH PILOT COUPLING

Domaine technique Technical field

La présente invention concerne le domaine de la transmission, en particulier pour les systèmes (par exemple les véhicules) entraînés par une machine électrique. The present invention relates to the field of transmission, in particular for systems (e.g. vehicles) driven by an electric machine.

Au sein d’un véhicule électrique, une vitesse de rotation et un couple générés par une machine électrique sont transmis aux roues motrices du véhicule. De plus, lors des phases de décélération ou de freinage du véhicule, il est possible de récupérer de l’énergie au moyen de la machine électrique qui fonctionne alors en générateur (conversion de l’énergie mécanique en énergie électrique pouvant être stockée dans une batterie). In an electric vehicle, rotational speed and torque generated by an electric machine are transmitted to the vehicle's drive wheels. In addition, during vehicle deceleration or braking phases, it is possible to recover energy using the electric machine, which then functions as a generator (conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy that can be stored in a battery).

Aujourd’hui les transmissions de véhicules électriques n’utilisent qu’un réducteur entre le moteur et la ou les roues du véhicule. Cette solution très simple limite l’utilisation optimale de la machine électrique, et peut générer des appels de courants élevés, notamment pour le véhicule où le rapport poids / puissance est élevé. Dans cette catégorie de véhicule, on trouve par exemple les petits véhicules urbains limités par la législation à 45 km/h (par exemple, les véhicules deux places pouvant être conduites sans permis de conduire). La puissance autorisée étant très faible, les prestations dynamiques du véhicule sont modestes.Today, electric vehicle transmissions only use a reduction gear between the motor and the vehicle's wheel(s). This very simple solution limits the optimal use of the electric machine, and can generate high current draws, particularly for vehicles with a high weight/power ratio. This vehicle category includes, for example, small urban vehicles limited by law to 45 km/h (for example, two-seater vehicles that can be driven without a driving license). Since the authorized power is very low, the vehicle's dynamic performance is modest.

Les mêmes problématiques se retrouvent également pour les applications stationnaires des machines électriques, pour lesquelles les transmissions simples avec un seul réducteur ne sont pas toujours adaptées à des variations dynamiques de la vitesse et du couple. The same problems also arise in stationary applications of electrical machines, for which simple transmissions with a single reducer are not always suitable for dynamic variations in speed and torque.

Technique antérieure Prior art

Afin de répondre à ces problématiques, il peut être considéré d’employer des transmissions envisagées pour des groupes de motopropulsion hybride (avec une machine électrique et un moteur thermique). Par exemple, la demande de brevet FR 2962379 (US 2012-0031229) décrit un dispositif de transmission de vitesse pour véhicule automobile, avec deux rapports, un rapport long et un rapport court. Bien que cette transmission soit bien adaptée pour une motorisation hybride, cette conception n’est pas adaptée pour l’utilisation uniquement d’une machine électrique. En effet, pour ce dispositif de transmission, la machine électrique est reliée directement à l’arbre d’essieu du moteur. Par conséquent, aucune transmission n’est prévue pour adapter la vitesse et le couple en sortie de la machine électrique. De plus, en fonction du train d’engrenages utilisé, la récupération d’énergie par la machine électrique n’est pas toujours optimale : par exemple, lorsque l’embrayage à commande centrifuge est fermé, la récupération d’énergie est diminuée du frein moteur du moteur thermique. En outre, la transmission et son contrôle sont complexes avec deux embrayages : un embrayage piloté et un embrayage centrifuge. In order to address these issues, it may be considered to use transmissions designed for hybrid powertrains (with an electric machine and a thermal engine). For example, patent application FR 2962379 (US 2012-0031229) describes a speed transmission device for a motor vehicle, with two ratios, a high ratio and a low ratio. Although this transmission is well suited for a hybrid engine, this design is not suitable for the use of only an electric machine. Indeed, for this transmission device, the electric machine is connected directly to the engine axle shaft. Consequently, no transmission is provided to adapt the speed and torque output of the electric machine. In addition, depending on the gear train used, energy recovery by the electric machine is not always optimal: for example, when the centrifugal clutch is closed, energy recovery is reduced from the engine brake of the thermal engine. In addition, the transmission and its control are complex with two clutches: a piloted clutch and a centrifugal clutch.

Des transmissions ont été également développées pour des applications électriques seules. Par exemple, le brevet US 11 ,384,817 décrit une transmission pour un véhicule électrique. Cette transmission nécessite trois arbres de transmission et trois trains d’engrenages, un système de crabot et un embrayage. L’utilisation de trois arbres de transmission et de trois trains d’engrenages impose un encombrement important. De plus, l’utilisation d’un système de crabots et d’un embrayage rend la transmission et son contrôle complexes. Transmissions have also been developed for electric-only applications. For example, US Patent 11,384,817 describes a transmission for an electric vehicle. This transmission requires three drive shafts and three gear trains, a dog clutch system, and a clutch. The use of three drive shafts and three gear trains requires significant space. In addition, the use of a dog clutch system and a clutch makes the transmission and its control complex.

Résumé de l’invention Summary of the invention

La présente invention a pour but de contrôler une transmission reliée à une machine électrique, de manière simple, avec de bonnes performances lors de récupération d’énergie et au moyen d’une transmission compacte. Pour cela, la présente invention concerne un dispositif de contrôle d’une transmission, qui comporte deux trains d’engrenages, un avec un accouplement unidirectionnel et un avec un accouplement piloté. Le dispositif de contrôle commande l’accouplement piloté en position ouverte en fonction de la vitesse de rotation de l’arbre secondaire de la transmission, et de son sens de rotation relatif entre pignon (roue dentée) et arbre liés par l’accouplement unidirectionnel (par rapport au sens d’entraînement de l’accouplement unidirectionnel). De plus, le dispositif de contrôle commande l’accouplement piloté en position fermée lorsque le sens de rotation relatif de l’arbre est dans le sens inverse de l’entraînement de l’accouplement unidirectionnel, de manière à favoriser les performances de la transmission pour la récupération d’énergie par la machine électrique. Un tel contrôle est simple, car un seul composant est commandé : l’accouplement piloté. De plus, la transmission utilisée est compacte, car elle ne nécessite que deux arbres et deux trains d’engrenages. The present invention aims to control a transmission connected to an electric machine, in a simple manner, with good performance during energy recovery and by means of a compact transmission. For this, the present invention relates to a device for controlling a transmission, which comprises two gear trains, one with a one-way coupling and one with a piloted coupling. The control device controls the piloted coupling in the open position according to the rotation speed of the secondary shaft of the transmission, and its relative direction of rotation between pinion (toothed wheel) and shaft linked by the one-way coupling (relative to the drive direction of the one-way coupling). In addition, the control device controls the piloted coupling in the closed position when the relative direction of rotation of the shaft is in the opposite direction to the drive of the one-way coupling, so as to promote the performance of the transmission for energy recovery by the electric machine. Such control is simple, because only one component is controlled: the piloted coupling. In addition, the transmission used is compact, as it only requires two shafts and two gear trains.

En outre, l’invention concerne un procédé de contrôle d’une transmission, et un véhicule électrique comprenant un tel dispositif de contrôle. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for controlling a transmission, and to an electric vehicle comprising such a control device.

L’invention concerne un dispositif de contrôle d’une transmission de vitesse, ladite transmission comprenant un premier arbre de transmission relié à une machine électrique et portant deux roues dentées premières coopérant avec au moins deux roues dentées secondaires portées par un arbre secondaire de transmission, formant deux voies de transmission de mouvement avec des rapports de transmissions différents, l’une desdites voies de transmission de mouvement comprenant un accouplement unidirectionnel, et l’autre desdites voies de transmission de mouvement comprenant une roue dentée montée folle en rotation sur ledit arbre secondaire ou sur ledit premier arbre de transmission et étant relié audit arbre au travers d’un accouplement piloté. Ledit dispositif de contrôle est configuré pour commander ledit accouplement piloté en position ouverte lorsque la vitesse de rotation de l’arbre secondaire est inférieure à un seuil de vitesse dans le sens d’entraînement dudit accouplement unidirectionnel, et en ce que ledit dispositif de contrôle est configuré pour commander ledit accouplement piloté en position fermée lorsque le sens de rotation relatif est dans le sens inverse du sens de l’entraînement dudit accouplement unidirectionnel.The invention relates to a device for controlling a speed transmission, said transmission comprising a first transmission shaft connected to an electrical machine and carrying two primary toothed wheels cooperating with at least two secondary toothed wheels carried by a secondary transmission shaft, forming two movement transmission paths with different transmission ratios, one of said motion transmission paths comprising a one-way coupling, and the other of said motion transmission paths comprising a toothed wheel mounted loosely in rotation on said secondary shaft or on said first transmission shaft and being connected to said shaft through a piloted coupling. Said control device is configured to control said piloted coupling in the open position when the rotational speed of the secondary shaft is lower than a speed threshold in the driving direction of said one-way coupling, and in that said control device is configured to control said piloted coupling in the closed position when the relative direction of rotation is in the opposite direction to the driving direction of said one-way coupling.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif de contrôle est configuré pour commander ledit accouplement pilotée en position ouverte en outre lorsque la demande de couple dudit arbre secondaire est supérieure à un seuil de couple. According to one embodiment, the control device is configured to control said piloted coupling in the open position further when the torque demand of said secondary shaft is greater than a torque threshold.

Conformément à une mise en œuvre, ledit accouplement unidirectionnel comprend une roue libre. According to one implementation, said one-way coupling comprises a freewheel.

Selon un aspect, ledit accouplement unidirectionnel est agencé sur une desdites roues dentées secondaires de la voie de transmission de mouvement ayant le rapport de transmission le plus court de ladite transmission. According to one aspect, said one-way coupling is arranged on one of said secondary gears of the motion transmission path having the shortest transmission ratio of said transmission.

Avantageusement, ledit accouplement piloté est agencé sur une desdites roues dentées de la voie de transmission de mouvement ayant le rapport de transmission le plus long de ladite transmission. Advantageously, said controlled coupling is arranged on one of said toothed wheels of the movement transmission path having the longest transmission ratio of said transmission.

Selon une option de réalisation, ledit accouplement piloté est commandé en position fermée lorsque la vitesse de rotation de l’arbre de transmission secondaire est supérieure audit seuil de vitesse, ou lorsque le sens de rotation relatif de l’arbre sur lequel est monté ledit accouplement unidirectionnel est dans le sens inverse du sens d’entraînement dudit l’accouplement unidirectionnel. According to one embodiment option, said piloted coupling is controlled in the closed position when the rotation speed of the secondary transmission shaft is greater than said speed threshold, or when the relative direction of rotation of the shaft on which said one-way coupling is mounted is in the opposite direction to the driving direction of said one-way coupling.

Conformément à un mode de réalisation, chaque voie de transmission de mouvement est formé par un train d’engrenages. According to one embodiment, each motion transmission path is formed by a gear train.

Alternativement, la transmission comprend une bande fermée sur elle-même reliant les roues dentées de chaque voie de transmission de mouvement, de préférence ladite bande fermée sur elle-même est une chaîne ou une courroie. Alternatively, the transmission comprises a self-closed band connecting the toothed wheels of each motion transmission path, preferably said self-closed band is a chain or a belt.

De plus, l’invention concerne un procédé de contrôle d’une transmission de vitesse, ladite transmission comprenant un premier arbre de transmission relié à une machine électrique et portant deux roues dentées premières coopérant avec au moins deux roues dentées secondaires portées par un arbre secondaire de transmission formant deux voies de transmission de mouvement avec des rapports de transmissions différents, l’une desdites voies de transmission de mouvement comprenant un accouplement unidirectionnel, et l’autre desdites voies de transmission de mouvement comprenant une roue dentée montée folle en rotation sur ledit arbre secondaire ou sur ledit premier arbre de transmission et étant relié audit arbre au travers d’un accouplement piloté. Pour ce procédé, on met en œuvre les étapes suivantes : a. Lorsque la vitesse de rotation de l’arbre secondaire est inférieure à un seuil de vitesse dans le sens d’entraînement dudit accouplement unidirectionnel, on ouvre ledit accouplement piloté ; b. Lorsque le sens de rotation relatif est dans le sens de rotation inverse du sens d’entraînement dudit accouplement unidirectionnel, on ferme ledit accouplement piloté. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for controlling a speed transmission, said transmission comprising a first transmission shaft connected to an electric machine and carrying two first toothed wheels cooperating with at least two toothed wheels secondary shafts carried by a secondary transmission shaft forming two motion transmission paths with different transmission ratios, one of said motion transmission paths comprising a one-way coupling, and the other of said motion transmission paths comprising a toothed wheel mounted loosely in rotation on said secondary shaft or on said first transmission shaft and being connected to said shaft through a piloted coupling. For this method, the following steps are implemented: a. When the rotational speed of the secondary shaft is lower than a speed threshold in the driving direction of said one-way coupling, said piloted coupling is opened; b. When the relative direction of rotation is in the opposite direction of rotation to the driving direction of said one-way coupling, said piloted coupling is closed.

Selon une mise en œuvre, on ouvre ledit accouplement piloté en outre lorsque le couple demandé dudit arbre secondaire est supérieur à un seuil de couple. According to one implementation, said controlled coupling is further opened when the requested torque of said secondary shaft is greater than a torque threshold.

Selon un mode de réalisation, on ferme ledit accouplement piloté lorsque la vitesse de rotation de l’arbre de sortie est supérieure audit seuil de vitesse dans le sens d’entraînement dudit accouplement unidirectionnel. According to one embodiment, said controlled coupling is closed when the rotational speed of the output shaft is greater than said speed threshold in the driving direction of said unidirectional coupling.

En outre l’invention concerne un véhicule électrique, notamment véhicule automobile, comprenant une transmission, ladite transmission comprenant un premier arbre de transmission relié à une machine électrique et portant deux roues dentées premières coopérant avec au moins deux roues dentées secondaires portées par un arbre secondaire de transmission formant deux trains d’engrenages avec des rapports de transmission différents, l’un desdits trains d’engrenage comprenant un accouplement unidirectionnel, et l’autre desdites trains d’engrenage comprenant une roue dentée montée folle en rotation sur l’arbre secondaire ou sur ledit premier arbre de transmission et étant relié audit arbre au travers d’un accouplement piloté. Ledit véhicule comprend un dispositif de contrôle selon l’une des caractéristiques précédentes. Furthermore, the invention relates to an electric vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, comprising a transmission, said transmission comprising a first transmission shaft connected to an electric machine and carrying two primary toothed wheels cooperating with at least two secondary toothed wheels carried by a secondary transmission shaft forming two gear trains with different transmission ratios, one of said gear trains comprising a unidirectional coupling, and the other of said gear trains comprising a toothed wheel mounted to rotate freely on the secondary shaft or on said first transmission shaft and being connected to said shaft through a controlled coupling. Said vehicle comprises a control device according to one of the preceding characteristics.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages du dispositif et du procédé selon l'invention, apparaîtront à la lecture de la description ci-après d'exemples non limitatifs de réalisations, en se référant aux figures annexées et décrites ci-après. Liste des figures Other characteristics and advantages of the device and method according to the invention will appear on reading the following description of non-limiting examples of embodiments, with reference to the figures appended and described below. List of figures

La figure 1 illustre une transmission adaptée pour le dispositif de contrôle selon une première variante de réalisation de l’invention. Figure 1 illustrates a transmission adapted for the control device according to a first variant embodiment of the invention.

La figure 2 illustre une transmission adaptée pour le dispositif de contrôle selon une deuxième variante de réalisation de l’invention. Figure 2 illustrates a transmission adapted for the control device according to a second variant embodiment of the invention.

La figure 3 illustre les différentes phases de contrôle en fonction du couple et de la vitesse de rotation selon un premier mode de réalisation de l’invention. Figure 3 illustrates the different control phases as a function of the torque and rotation speed according to a first embodiment of the invention.

La figure 4 illustre les différentes phases de contrôle en fonction du couple et de la vitesse de rotation selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l’invention. Figure 4 illustrates the different control phases as a function of the torque and rotation speed according to a second embodiment of the invention.

Description des modes de réalisation Description of the embodiments

La présente demande concerne un dispositif et un procédé de contrôle d’une transmission reliée à une machine électrique pouvant fonctionner en mode moteur électrique ou en mode générateur d’énergie, la machine électrique étant alimentée par une batterie électrique. La transmission, également appelée boite de vitesses, comprend : The present application relates to a device and a method for controlling a transmission connected to an electric machine which can operate in electric motor mode or in energy generator mode, the electric machine being powered by an electric battery. The transmission, also called a gearbox, comprises:

Un premier arbre de transmission relié à la machine électrique, le premier arbre de transmission porte deux roues dentées, appelées roues dentées premières, et Un deuxième arbre de transmission, appelé également arbre secondaire de transmission ou arbre de sortie, le deuxième arbre de transmission porte deux roues dentées, appelées roues dentées secondaires. A first transmission shaft connected to the electric machine, the first transmission shaft carries two gear wheels, called primary gear wheels, and A second transmission shaft, also called secondary transmission shaft or output shaft, the second transmission shaft carries two gear wheels, called secondary gear wheels.

Chaque roue dentée première coopère avec une roue dentée secondaire, de manière à former une voie de transmission de mouvement. Ainsi, la transmission comprend deux voies de transmission de mouvement. Les deux voies de transmission de mouvement ont des rapports de transmission différents. On rappelle que le rapport de transmission est le rapport de la vitesse de rotation de l’arbre secondaire de transmission sur la vitesse de rotation du premier arbre de transmission. Ce rapport de transmission est proportionnel au rapport du nombre de dents de la roue dentée première sur le nombre de dents de la roue dentée secondaire. (Si l’on prend des moyens d’entraînement de type poulies et courroie, le rapport peut être ajusté par le choix, notamment, des diamètres différents des poulies d’entrée et de sortie). De manière avantageuse, chaque voie de transmission de mouvement peut être formée par un train d’engrenages ; en d’autres termes deux roues dentées coopérant directement. En variante, chaque voie de transmission peut comprendre une bande fermée sur elle-même reliant les roues dentées de chaque voie de transmission de mouvement, de préférence ladite bande fermée sur elle-même peut être une chaîne ou une courroie. Each primary gear wheel cooperates with a secondary gear wheel, so as to form a motion transmission path. Thus, the transmission comprises two motion transmission paths. The two motion transmission paths have different transmission ratios. It is recalled that the transmission ratio is the ratio of the rotational speed of the secondary transmission shaft to the rotational speed of the first transmission shaft. This transmission ratio is proportional to the ratio of the number of teeth on the primary gear wheel to the number of teeth on the secondary gear wheel. (If we take pulley and belt type drive means, the ratio can be adjusted by choosing, in particular, different diameters of the input and output pulleys). Advantageously, each movement transmission path may be formed by a gear train; in other words two toothed wheels cooperating directly. Alternatively, each transmission path may comprise a self-closed band connecting the toothed wheels of each movement transmission path, preferably said self-closed band may be a chain or a belt.

Dans la suite de la demande, on décrit uniquement des trains d’engrenage. Toutefois, tous les modes de réalisation sont compatibles avec la bande fermée sur elle-même de type courroie ou chaîne reliant les roues dentées. In the remainder of the application, only gear trains are described. However, all embodiments are compatible with the self-enclosed belt or chain type band connecting the toothed wheels.

De préférence, la transmission peut comprendre uniquement deux arbres : le premier arbre de transmission et le deuxième arbre de transmission, et peut comprendre uniquement deux rapports de transmission. Ainsi, la transmission reste compacte et simple à piloter, tout en permettant un contrôle de la vitesse et du couple de l’arbre de sortie adapté aux applications souhaitées (par exemple véhicule automobile). Preferably, the transmission may comprise only two shafts: the first transmission shaft and the second transmission shaft, and may comprise only two transmission ratios. Thus, the transmission remains compact and simple to control, while allowing control of the speed and torque of the output shaft adapted to the desired applications (e.g., motor vehicle).

De plus, l’un des trains d’engrenages comprend un accouplement unidirectionnel, également appelé embrayage unidirectionnel. Ainsi, une des roues dentées est reliée à son arbre (premier arbre de transmission ou deuxième arbre de transmission) par un accouplement unidirectionnel. Un tel accouplement permet de solidariser la roue dentée et son arbre dans un sens de rotation relatif, et dans l’autre sens de rotation la roue dentée et l’arbre sont désolidarisés et peuvent tourner l’un par rapport à l’autre. Un tel accouplement unidirectionnel est non pilotable : la solidarisation, et la désolidarisation sont réalisées automatiquement. Selon un exemple de réalisation, l’accouplement unidirectionnel peut être une roue libre agencée entre le palier de la roue dentée et l’arbre. De plus, l’accouplement unidirectionnel (la roue libre) est désengagé lorsqu’il existe un différentiel de vitesse entre l’arbre et la roue dentée. In addition, one of the gear trains includes a one-way coupling, also called a one-way clutch. Thus, one of the gear wheels is connected to its shaft (first transmission shaft or second transmission shaft) by a one-way coupling. Such a coupling makes it possible to secure the gear wheel and its shaft in one direction of relative rotation, and in the other direction of rotation the gear wheel and the shaft are separated and can rotate relative to each other. Such a one-way coupling is not controllable: the securing and the disengagement are carried out automatically. According to an exemplary embodiment, the one-way coupling can be a freewheel arranged between the bearing of the gear wheel and the shaft. In addition, the one-way coupling (the freewheel) is disengaged when there is a speed differential between the shaft and the gear wheel.

En outre, l’autre train d’engrenages comprend une roue dentée montée folle en rotation sur son arbre (premier arbre de transmission ou deuxième arbre de transmission), cette roue étant reliée à son arbre au moyen d’un accouplement piloté, également appelé accouplement débrayable piloté. Un tel accouplement piloté permet un contrôle simple de la transmission : la fermeture de l’accouplement piloté assurant l’entraînement de roue dentée, et son ouverture laissant une rotation relative entre la roue dentée et son arbre. Le pilotage de l’accouplement piloté peut notamment être électrique, hydraulique ou pneumatique. A titre d’exemple non limitatif, l’accouplement piloté peut être un embrayage mono-disque ou multidisques. Lorsque l’accouplement piloté est fermé, il existe un différentiel de vitesse au niveau de l’accouplement unidirectionnel (différence de vitesse de rotation entre la roue dentée et la vitesse de rotation de l’arbre lié par l’accouplement unidirectionnel), qui est alors désengagé. In addition, the other gear train comprises a toothed wheel mounted loosely in rotation on its shaft (first transmission shaft or second transmission shaft), this wheel being connected to its shaft by means of a piloted coupling, also called a piloted disengageable coupling. Such a piloted coupling allows simple control of the transmission: the closing of the piloted coupling ensures the drive of the toothed wheel, and its opening allows a relative rotation between the toothed wheel and its shaft. The piloting of the piloted coupling can in particular be electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic. By way of non-limiting example, the piloted coupling can be a single-disc or multi-disc clutch. When the piloted coupling is closed, there is a speed differential at the one-way coupling (difference in rotation speed between the wheel toothed and the rotational speed of the shaft connected by the one-way coupling), which is then disengaged.

Dans la suite de la description, on appelle premier train d’engrenages, le train d’engrenages qui comprend l’accouplement unidirectionnel, et on appelle deuxième train d’engrenages, le train d’engrenages qui comprend l’accouplement piloté. In the remainder of the description, the first gear train is the gear train which includes the one-way coupling, and the second gear train is the gear train which includes the piloted coupling.

Selon l’invention, le dispositif de contrôle commande l’embrayage piloté en position ouverte ou en position fermée, notamment : According to the invention, the control device controls the piloted clutch in the open position or in the closed position, in particular:

En position ouverte, lorsque la vitesse de rotation de l’arbre de sortie est inférieure à un seuil de vitesse, et lorsque le sens de rotation de l’arbre sur lequel est monté l’accouplement unidirectionnel est dans le sens d’entraînement de l’accouplement unidirectionnel, ainsi à faible vitesse de rotation le mouvement est transmis entre le premier arbre de transmission et le deuxième arbre de transmission par le premier train d’engrenages, In the open position, when the rotational speed of the output shaft is lower than a speed threshold, and when the direction of rotation of the shaft on which the one-way coupling is mounted is in the driving direction of the one-way coupling, thus at low rotational speed the movement is transmitted between the first transmission shaft and the second transmission shaft by the first gear train,

En position fermée, lorsque le sens de rotation relatif de l’arbre sur lequel est monté l’accouplement unidirectionnel est dans le sens inverse du sens d’entraînement de l’accouplement unidirectionnel, ainsi le mouvement est transmis entre le deuxième arbre de transmission et le premier arbre de transmission par le deuxième train d’engrenages pour la récupération d’énergie (au moyen de la machine électrique en mode générateur, par exemple lors d’un freinage ou une décélération) ou pour la marche arrière ou pour les vitesses élevées de l’arbre secondaire. In the closed position, when the relative direction of rotation of the shaft on which the one-way coupling is mounted is in the opposite direction to the drive direction of the one-way coupling, thus the movement is transmitted between the second transmission shaft and the first transmission shaft by the second gear train for energy recovery (by means of the electric machine in generator mode, for example during braking or deceleration) or for reverse gear or for high speeds of the secondary shaft.

Avantageusement, le premier train d’engrenages correspond au rapport de transmission le plus court de la transmission, et le deuxième train d’engrenages au rapport de transmission le plus long de la transmission. On appelle rapport de transmission le plus court, celui ayant le rapport de transmission le plus faible, et inversement on appelle rapport de transmission le plus long, celui qui a le rapport de transmission le plus élevé. Ainsi, le rapport le plus long est mis en œuvre notamment pour la récupération d’énergie, et le rapport court est mis en œuvre pour les faibles vitesses de rotation. De préférence, le ratio entre le deuxième rapport et le premier rapport peut être compris entre 0,1 et 0,9, notamment entre 0,3 et 0,8. Advantageously, the first gear train corresponds to the shortest transmission ratio of the transmission, and the second gear train to the longest transmission ratio of the transmission. The shortest transmission ratio is the one with the lowest transmission ratio, and conversely the longest transmission ratio is the one with the highest transmission ratio. Thus, the longest ratio is implemented in particular for energy recovery, and the short ratio is implemented for low rotation speeds. Preferably, the ratio between the second ratio and the first ratio may be between 0.1 and 0.9, in particular between 0.3 and 0.8.

Le seuil de vitesse de rotation correspond au régime maximal de la machine électrique sur le rapport du premier train d’engrenages. Ainsi, le seuil dépend de la conception de la machine électrique et du rapport de transmission. The rotational speed threshold corresponds to the maximum speed of the electric machine in the first gear ratio. Thus, the threshold depends on the design of the electric machine and the transmission ratio.

Selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention, le dispositif de contrôle peut commander en outre l’accouplement piloté en position ouverte lorsque la demande de couple du deuxième arbre de transmission est supérieure un seuil de couple, pouvant correspondre au couple maximal disponible sur le deuxième train d’engrenages, de préférence avec le rapport long (rapport de la transmission le plus élevé) ou un couple prédéfini inférieur au couple maximal disponible sur le deuxième train d’engrenages, de préférence avec le rapport long. Ainsi, pour le dispositif de contrôle commande l’accouplement piloté en position ouverte lorsque les deux conditions suivantes sont vérifiées : le couple est supérieur à un seuil de couple et la vitesse de rotation est inférieure à un seuil de vitesse. De cette manière, un « boost » (demande de couple supplémentaire) est disponible pour l’application concernée. According to one embodiment of the invention, the control device can further control the piloted coupling in the open position when the torque demand of the second transmission shaft is greater than a torque threshold, which may correspond to the maximum torque available on the second gear train, preferably with the long ratio (highest transmission ratio) or a predefined torque lower than the maximum torque available on the second gear train, preferably with the long ratio. Thus, for the control device commands the piloted coupling in the open position when the following two conditions are met: the torque is greater than a torque threshold and the rotation speed is lower than a speed threshold. In this way, a "boost" (additional torque request) is available for the application concerned.

Conformément à une mise en œuvre de l’invention, le dispositif de contrôle peut commander l’accouplement piloté en position fermée lorsque la vitesse de rotation de l’arbre de transmission secondaire est supérieure au seuil de vitesse. Ainsi, le deuxième train d’engrenages est engagé lorsque la vitesse de rotation est supérieure au seuil de vitesse.According to one implementation of the invention, the control device can control the piloted coupling in the closed position when the rotational speed of the secondary transmission shaft is greater than the speed threshold. Thus, the second gear train is engaged when the rotational speed is greater than the speed threshold.

De manière avantageuse, le dispositif d’accouplement unidirectionnel peut être agencé sur la roue dentée secondaire du premier train d’engrenages. Alternativement, le dispositif d’accouplement unidirectionnel peut être agencé sur la roue dentée primaire du premier train d’engrenage. Advantageously, the one-way coupling device can be arranged on the secondary gear wheel of the first gear train. Alternatively, the one-way coupling device can be arranged on the primary gear wheel of the first gear train.

Selon un aspect de l’invention, l’accouplement piloté peut être agencé sur la roue dentée première du deuxième train d’engrenages. En variante, l’accouplement piloté peut être agencé sur la roue dentée secondaire du deuxième train d’engrenage. According to one aspect of the invention, the piloted coupling can be arranged on the primary gear wheel of the second gear train. Alternatively, the piloted coupling can be arranged on the secondary gear wheel of the second gear train.

Selon une option de réalisation, l’arbre de sortie de la transmission peut être relié, directement ou indirectement, à l’arbre essieu d’un véhicule électrique. According to one embodiment, the output shaft of the transmission can be connected, directly or indirectly, to the axle shaft of an electric vehicle.

De manière avantageuse, la transmission peut être pourvue d’un capteur de vitesse de rotation du deuxième arbre de transmission, le capteur indiquant la vitesse de rotation du deuxième arbre de transmission pour le dispositif de contrôle. Cette configuration est simple à mettre en œuvre. En variante, le système de contrôle peut comprendre des moyens d’estimation de la vitesse de rotation du deuxième arbre de transmission, notamment un observateur. Cette configuration limite l’instrumentation de la transmission. Advantageously, the transmission may be provided with a rotational speed sensor for the second transmission shaft, the sensor indicating the rotational speed of the second transmission shaft for the control device. This configuration is simple to implement. Alternatively, the control system may comprise means for estimating the rotational speed of the second transmission shaft, in particular an observer. This configuration limits the instrumentation of the transmission.

De plus, l’invention concerne un procédé de contrôle de transmission de vitesse. La transmission de vitesse contrôlée est conforme à l’une quelconque des variantes ou des combinaisons de variantes décrites précédemment. In addition, the invention relates to a method of controlling a speed transmission. The controlled speed transmission is in accordance with any of the variants or combinations of variants described above.

Avantageusement, le dispositif de contrôle selon l’invention peut mettre en œuvre le procédé de contrôle selon l’invention. Par exemple, le dispositif de contrôle peut comporter une unité de contrôle qui commande l’accouplement piloté en mettant en œuvre les étapes du procédé selon l’invention. Advantageously, the control device according to the invention can implement the control method according to the invention. For example, the control device can comprise a unit control which controls the piloted coupling by implementing the steps of the method according to the invention.

Pour le procédé de contrôle, on met en œuvre les étapes suivantes : The following steps are implemented for the control process:

Lorsque la vitesse de rotation du deuxième arbre de transmission est inférieure à un seuil de vitesse, et lorsque le sens de rotation relatif de l’arbre sur lequel est agencé l’accouplement unidirectionnel est dans le sens d’entraînement de l’accouplement unidirectionnel, on ouvre l’accouplement piloté, ainsi, la transmission de mouvement entre le premier arbre de transmission et le deuxième arbre de transmission est mise en œuvre par le premier train d’engrenages, When the rotational speed of the second transmission shaft is lower than a speed threshold, and when the relative direction of rotation of the shaft on which the one-way coupling is arranged is in the driving direction of the one-way coupling, the controlled coupling is opened, thus, the transmission of movement between the first transmission shaft and the second transmission shaft is implemented by the first gear train,

Lorsque le sens de rotation relatif de l’arbre sur lequel est agencé l’accouplement unidirectionnel est dans le sens inverse du sens d’entraînement de l’accouplement unidirectionnel, on ferme l’accouplement piloté, ainsi la récupération d’énergie sur la machine électrique et la marche arrière est réalisée par le deuxième train d’engrenages, correspondant de préférence au rapport long.When the relative direction of rotation of the shaft on which the one-way coupling is arranged is in the opposite direction to the drive direction of the one-way coupling, the piloted coupling is closed, thus the energy recovery on the electric machine and the reverse gear is carried out by the second gear train, preferably corresponding to the long ratio.

Avantageusement, le premier train d’engrenages correspond au rapport de transmission le plus court de la transmission, et le deuxième train d’engrenages au rapport de transmission le plus long de la transmission. On appelle rapport de transmission le plus court, celui ayant le rapport de transmission le plus faible, et inversement on appelle rapport de transmission le plus long, celui qui a le rapport de transmission le plus élevé. Ainsi, le rapport le plus long est mis en œuvre pour la récupération d’énergie, la marche arrière et les vitesses de rotation élevées, et le rapport le plus court est mis en œuvre pour les faibles vitesses de rotation.Advantageously, the first gear train corresponds to the shortest transmission ratio of the transmission, and the second gear train to the longest transmission ratio of the transmission. The shortest transmission ratio is the one with the lowest transmission ratio, and conversely, the longest transmission ratio is the one with the highest transmission ratio. Thus, the longest ratio is used for energy recovery, reverse gear and high rotational speeds, and the shortest ratio is used for low rotational speeds.

Le seuil de vitesse de rotation correspond à un régime proche (par exemple 90, 95, 98%) du régime maximal de la machine électrique sur le rapport du premier train d’engrenage. The rotation speed threshold corresponds to a speed close (for example 90, 95, 98%) to the maximum speed of the electric machine on the ratio of the first gear train.

Selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention, le procédé de contrôle peut commander en outre l’accouplement piloté en position ouverte lorsque le couple demandé sur le deuxième arbre de transmission est supérieur à un seuil de couple pouvant correspondre au couple maximum disponible sur le deuxième train d’engrenages (correspondant de préférence au rapport long), ou à un couple prédéfini inférieur au couple maximum disponible sur le deuxième train d’engrenages (correspondant de préférence au rapport long). Ainsi, pour le procédé de contrôle, on commande l’accouplement piloté en position ouverte lorsque les deux conditions suivantes sont vérifiées : demande de couple supérieur à un seuil de couple et vitesse de rotation inférieur à un seuil de vitesse. De cette manière, un « boost » (demande de couple supplémentaire) est disponible pour l’application concernée. Conformément à une mise en œuvre de l’invention, pour le procédé de contrôle, on peut commander l’accouplement piloté en position fermée lorsque la vitesse de rotation de l’arbre de transmission secondaire est supérieure au seuil de vitesse. Ainsi, le deuxième train d’engrenages est engagé lorsque la vitesse de rotation est supérieure au seuil de vitesse.According to one embodiment of the invention, the control method can furthermore control the piloted coupling in the open position when the torque requested on the second transmission shaft is greater than a torque threshold which can correspond to the maximum torque available on the second gear train (preferably corresponding to the long ratio), or to a predefined torque lower than the maximum torque available on the second gear train (preferably corresponding to the long ratio). Thus, for the control method, the piloted coupling is controlled in the open position when the following two conditions are satisfied: torque request greater than a torque threshold and rotation speed less than a speed threshold. In this way, a "boost" (additional torque request) is available for the application concerned. According to one implementation of the invention, for the control method, the piloted coupling can be controlled in the closed position when the rotational speed of the secondary transmission shaft is greater than the speed threshold. Thus, the second gear train is engaged when the rotational speed is greater than the speed threshold.

Selon une mise en œuvre de l’invention, le procédé peut comprendre une étape de mesure de vitesse de rotation du deuxième arbre de transmission, notamment au moyen d’un capteur de vitesse de rotation, afin de déterminer sa vitesse de rotation pour le comparer au seuil correspondant. Cette solution est simple à mettre en œuvre. En variante, le procédé peut comprendre une étape d’estimation de la vitesse de rotation du deuxième arbre de transmission. Cette configuration limite l’instrumentation de la transmission. According to one implementation of the invention, the method may comprise a step of measuring the rotation speed of the second transmission shaft, in particular by means of a rotation speed sensor, in order to determine its rotation speed to compare it with the corresponding threshold. This solution is simple to implement. Alternatively, the method may comprise a step of estimating the rotation speed of the second transmission shaft. This configuration limits the instrumentation of the transmission.

La figure 1 illustre, schématiquement et de manière non limitative, un dispositif de contrôle d’une transmission selon un premier mode de réalisation de l’invention. Le dispositif de contrôle comprend une machine électrique 1 reliée à une transmission 2. En particulier, la machine électrique 1 est reliée au premier arbre de transmission 3 de la transmission 2. Le premier arbre de transmission 3 porte deux roues dentées premières 4 et 5. La transmission 2 comprend en outre un deuxième arbre de transmission 8 portant deux roues dentées secondaires 6 et 7. Le deuxième arbre de transmission est la sortie de la transmission 2. La roue dentée première 5 coopère avec la roue dentée secondaire 6 pour former un premier train d’engrenages TR1, formant un rapport court (rapport de transmission le plus faible). La roue dentée première 4 coopère avec la roue dentée secondaire 7 pour former un deuxième train d’engrenages TR2, formant un rapport long (rapport de transmission le plus élevé).Figure 1 illustrates, schematically and in a non-limiting manner, a device for controlling a transmission according to a first embodiment of the invention. The control device comprises an electrical machine 1 connected to a transmission 2. In particular, the electrical machine 1 is connected to the first transmission shaft 3 of the transmission 2. The first transmission shaft 3 carries two primary gear wheels 4 and 5. The transmission 2 further comprises a second transmission shaft 8 carrying two secondary gear wheels 6 and 7. The second transmission shaft is the output of the transmission 2. The primary gear wheel 5 cooperates with the secondary gear wheel 6 to form a first gear train TR1, forming a short ratio (lowest transmission ratio). The primary gear wheel 4 cooperates with the secondary gear wheel 7 to form a second gear train TR2, forming a long ratio (highest transmission ratio).

Le premier train d’engrenages TR1 comprend un accouplement unidirectionnel. Pour le mode de réalisation illustré, cet accouplement unidirectionnel est formé par une roue libre 10 agencée entre le palier 9 de la roue dentée secondaire 6 et l’arbre de transmission secondaire 8. The first gear train TR1 comprises a one-way coupling. For the illustrated embodiment, this one-way coupling is formed by a freewheel 10 arranged between the bearing 9 of the secondary gear wheel 6 and the secondary transmission shaft 8.

Le deuxième train d’engrenages TR2 comprend un accouplement piloté 12. Pour le mode de réalisation illustré, l’accouplement piloté est agencé entre l’arbre de transmission secondaire 8 et la roue dentée secondaire 7. La fermeture de l’accouplement piloté 12 permet de solidariser la roue dentée secondaire 7 et l’arbre de transmission secondaire 8. The second gear train TR2 comprises a controlled coupling 12. For the illustrated embodiment, the controlled coupling is arranged between the secondary transmission shaft 8 and the secondary gear wheel 7. Closing the controlled coupling 12 makes it possible to secure the secondary gear wheel 7 and the secondary transmission shaft 8.

Le dispositif de contrôle comporte en outre une unité de contrôle 13 commandant l’ouverture et la fermeture de l’accouplement piloté 12. The control device further comprises a control unit 13 controlling the opening and closing of the piloted coupling 12.

La figure 2 illustre, schématiquement et de manière non limitative, un dispositif de contrôle d’une transmission selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l’invention. Le dispositif de contrôle comprend une machine électrique 1 reliée à une transmission 2. En particulier, la machine électrique 1 est reliée au premier arbre de transmission 3 de la transmission 2. Le premier arbre de transmission 3 porte deux roues dentées premières 4 et 5. La transmission 2 comprend en outre un deuxième arbre de transmission 8 portant deux roues dentées secondaires 6 et 7. Le deuxième arbre de transmission est la sortie de la transmission 2. La roue dentée première 5 coopère avec la roue dentée secondaire 6 pour former un premier train d’engrenages TR1, formant un rapport court (rapport de transmission le plus faible). La roue dentée première 4 coopère avec la roue dentée secondaire 7 pour former un deuxième train d’engrenages TR2, formant un rapport long (rapport de transmission le plus élevé).Figure 2 illustrates, schematically and in a non-limiting manner, a device for controlling a transmission according to a second embodiment of the invention. The control device comprises an electrical machine 1 connected to a transmission 2. In particular, the Electric machine 1 is connected to the first transmission shaft 3 of the transmission 2. The first transmission shaft 3 carries two primary gears 4 and 5. The transmission 2 further comprises a second transmission shaft 8 carrying two secondary gears 6 and 7. The second transmission shaft is the output of the transmission 2. The primary gear 5 cooperates with the secondary gear 6 to form a first gear train TR1, forming a short ratio (lowest transmission ratio). The primary gear 4 cooperates with the secondary gear 7 to form a second gear train TR2, forming a long ratio (highest transmission ratio).

Le premier train d’engrenages TR1 comprend un accouplement unidirectionnel. Pour le mode de réalisation illustré, cet accouplement unidirectionnel est formé par une roue libre 10 agencée entre le palier 9 de la roue dentée secondaire 6 et l’arbre de transmission secondaire 8. Alternativement, l’accouplement unidirectionnel est formé par une roue libre agencée entre le palier de la roue dentée première 5. The first gear train TR1 comprises a one-way coupling. For the illustrated embodiment, this one-way coupling is formed by a freewheel 10 arranged between the bearing 9 of the secondary gear wheel 6 and the secondary transmission shaft 8. Alternatively, the one-way coupling is formed by a freewheel arranged between the bearing of the first gear wheel 5.

Le deuxième train d’engrenages TR2 comprend un accouplement piloté 12. Pour le mode de réalisation illustré, l’accouplement piloté est agencé entre le premier arbre de transmission 3 et la roue dentée première 4. La fermeture de l’accouplement piloté 12 permet de solidariser la roue dentée première 4 et le premier arbre de transmission 3. The second gear train TR2 comprises a controlled coupling 12. For the illustrated embodiment, the controlled coupling is arranged between the first transmission shaft 3 and the first gear wheel 4. Closing the controlled coupling 12 makes it possible to secure the first gear wheel 4 and the first transmission shaft 3.

Le dispositif de contrôle comporte en outre une unité de contrôle 13 commandant l’ouverture et la fermeture de l’accouplement piloté 12. The control device further comprises a control unit 13 controlling the opening and closing of the piloted coupling 12.

Les figures 3 et 4, illustrent le contrôle selon deux variantes de l’invention. Les figures 3 et 4 sont des graphes du couple C de l’arbre de sortie en fonction de la vitesse de rotation V de l’arbre de sortie. Sur ce graphe, par convention, lorsque le couple est négatif, cela implique que le sens de rotation relatif de l’arbre sur lequel est agencé l’accouplement unidirectionnel est dans le sens inverse du sens d’entraînement de l’accouplement unidirectionnel (ce qui correspond à une marche arrière ou une récupération d’énergie par la machine électrique). De plus, le couple est représenté en valeur relative par rapport au couple maximum de la vitesse considérée. Sur ces graphes, on représente plusieurs zones de contrôle de la machine électrique avec des commandes différentes. Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the control according to two variants of the invention. Figures 3 and 4 are graphs of the torque C of the output shaft as a function of the rotation speed V of the output shaft. On this graph, by convention, when the torque is negative, this implies that the relative direction of rotation of the shaft on which the one-way coupling is arranged is in the opposite direction to the drive direction of the one-way coupling (which corresponds to reverse gear or energy recovery by the electric machine). In addition, the torque is represented as a relative value compared to the maximum torque of the speed considered. On these graphs, several control zones of the electric machine are represented with different commands.

Pour la première variante de la figure 3 : For the first variant of Figure 3:

Dans la zone de contrôle Z1 , pour lequel le couple est positif, et la vitesse de rotation de l’arbre de sortie est inférieure à un seuil de vitesse de rotation Vs, le dispositif et le procédé selon l’invention commandent l’ouverture de l’accouplement piloté, la transmission est alors assurée par le premier train d’engrenages avec un rapport court, Dans la zone de contrôle Z2, pour lequel le couple est positif, et la vitesse de rotation de l’arbre de sortie est supérieure au seuil de vitesse de rotation Vs, le dispositif et le procédé selon l’invention commandent la fermeture de l’accouplement piloté, la transmission est alors assurée par le deuxième train d’engrenages avec un rapport long, et In the control zone Z1, for which the torque is positive, and the rotation speed of the output shaft is lower than a rotation speed threshold Vs, the device and the method according to the invention control the opening of the piloted coupling, the transmission is then ensured by the first gear train with a short ratio, In the control zone Z2, for which the torque is positive, and the rotation speed of the output shaft is greater than the rotation speed threshold Vs, the device and the method according to the invention control the closing of the piloted coupling, the transmission is then ensured by the second gear train with a long ratio, and

Dans la zone de contrôle Z3, pour lequel le couple est négatif, le dispositif et le procédé selon l’invention commandent la fermeture de l’accouplement piloté pour la marche arrière et la récupération d’énergie par la machine électrique, la transmission étant alors assurée par le deuxième train d’engrenages avec un rapport long. In the control zone Z3, for which the torque is negative, the device and method according to the invention control the closing of the controlled coupling for reverse gear and the recovery of energy by the electric machine, the transmission then being ensured by the second gear train with a long ratio.

Pour la deuxième variante de la figure 4 : For the second variant of Figure 4:

Dans la zone de contrôle ZT, pour lequel le couple est positif, et la vitesse de rotation de l’arbre de sortie est inférieure à un seuil de vitesse de rotation Vs, et la demande de couple est supérieure à un seuil de couple Cs, le dispositif et le procédé selon l’invention commandent l’ouverture de l’accouplement piloté, la transmission est alors assurée par le premier train d’engrenages avec un rapport court, In the control zone ZT, for which the torque is positive, and the rotation speed of the output shaft is lower than a rotation speed threshold Vs, and the torque demand is higher than a torque threshold Cs, the device and the method according to the invention control the opening of the piloted coupling, the transmission is then ensured by the first gear train with a short ratio,

Dans la zone de contrôle Z2’, pour lequel le couple est positif, et la vitesse de rotation est inférieure au seuil de vitesse de rotation Vs et le couple est inférieur au seuil de couple Cs, ou la vitesse de rotation est supérieure au seuil de vitesse de rotation Vs quel que soit le couple demandé, le dispositif et le procédé selon l’invention commandent la fermeture de l’accouplement piloté, la transmission est alors assurée par le deuxième train d’engrenages avec un rapport long, et Dans la zone de contrôle Z3, pour lequel le couple est négatif, le dispositif et le procédé selon l’invention commandent la fermeture de l’accouplement piloté pour la marche arrière et la récupération d’énergie par la machine électrique, la transmission étant alors assurée par le deuxième train d’engrenages avec un rapport long. In the control zone Z2’, for which the torque is positive, and the rotation speed is lower than the rotation speed threshold Vs and the torque is lower than the torque threshold Cs, or the rotation speed is higher than the rotation speed threshold Vs regardless of the torque requested, the device and the method according to the invention control the closing of the controlled coupling, the transmission is then ensured by the second gear train with a long ratio, and In the control zone Z3, for which the torque is negative, the device and the method according to the invention control the closing of the controlled coupling for reverse gear and energy recovery by the electric machine, the transmission then being ensured by the second gear train with a long ratio.

En outre, l’invention concerne un véhicule électrique, notamment un véhicule automobile (pouvant notamment comprendre deux, trois ou quatre roues), qui comprend une machine électrique, une transmission de vitesse selon l’une quelconque des variantes ou des combinaisons de variantes décrites ci-dessus, ainsi qu’un dispositif de contrôle selon l’une quelconque des variantes ou des combinaisons de variantes décrites précédemment. Le dispositif et le procédé de contrôle sont particulièrement adaptés pour une utilisation au sein d’un véhicule électrique, en particulier un petit véhicule urbain, par exemple un véhicule automobile deux places, pouvant être conduit sans permis de conduire. En effet, le dispositif et le procédé de contrôle selon l’invention permettent de déplacer le véhicule soit en marche avant soit en marche arrière sur toute la plage d’utilisation de la machine électrique, et permettent de maximiser la récupération d’énergie électrique lors des phases de décélération et/ou de freinage. De plus, l’invention permet l’utilisation optimale de la machine électrique, sans générer des appels de courants élevés, notamment pour les véhicules où le rapport poids / puissance est élevé. Furthermore, the invention relates to an electric vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle (which may in particular comprise two, three or four wheels), which comprises an electric machine, a speed transmission according to any one of the variants or combinations of variants described above, as well as a control device according to any one of the variants or combinations of variants described above. The control device and method are particularly suitable for use within an electric vehicle, in particular a small urban vehicle, for example a vehicle two-seater automobile, which can be driven without a driving license. Indeed, the device and the control method according to the invention allow the vehicle to be moved either forward or reverse over the entire range of use of the electric machine, and allow the recovery of electrical energy to be maximized during deceleration and/or braking phases. In addition, the invention allows optimal use of the electric machine, without generating high current draws, particularly for vehicles with a high weight/power ratio.

En variante, le dispositif et le procédé de contrôle sont également adaptés à des applications stationnaires nécessitant un entraînement électrique, par exemple pour l’électroménager, les machines industrielles, etc. Alternatively, the control device and method are also suitable for stationary applications requiring an electric drive, for example for household appliances, industrial machines, etc.

Claims

Revendications Claims 1. Dispositif de contrôle d’une transmission de vitesse (2), ladite transmission comprenant un premier arbre de transmission (3) relié à une machine électrique (1) et portant deux roues dentées premières (4 ; 5) coopérant avec au moins deux roues dentées secondaires (6 ; 7) portées par un arbre secondaire de transmission (8), formant deux voies de transmission de mouvement (TR1 , TR2) avec des rapports de transmissions différents, l’une desdites voies de transmission de mouvement (TR1, TR2) comprenant un accouplement unidirectionnel (10), et l’autre desdites voies de transmission de mouvement (TR1, TR2) comprenant une roue dentée montée folle en rotation sur ledit arbre secondaire (8) ou sur ledit premier arbre de transmission (3) et étant relié audit arbre au travers d’un accouplement piloté (12), caractérisé en ce que ledit dispositif de contrôle est configuré pour commander ledit accouplement piloté (12) en position ouverte lorsque la vitesse de rotation de l’arbre secondaire (8) est inférieure à un seuil de vitesse dans le sens d’entraînement dudit accouplement unidirectionnel (10), et en ce que ledit dispositif de contrôle est configuré pour commander ledit accouplement piloté (12) en position fermée lorsque le sens de rotation relatif est dans le sens inverse du sens de l’entraînement dudit accouplement unidirectionnel (10). 1. Device for controlling a speed transmission (2), said transmission comprising a first transmission shaft (3) connected to an electrical machine (1) and carrying two primary toothed wheels (4; 5) cooperating with at least two secondary toothed wheels (6; 7) carried by a secondary transmission shaft (8), forming two motion transmission paths (TR1, TR2) with different transmission ratios, one of said motion transmission paths (TR1, TR2) comprising a unidirectional coupling (10), and the other of said motion transmission paths (TR1, TR2) comprising a toothed wheel mounted freely in rotation on said secondary shaft (8) or on said first transmission shaft (3) and being connected to said shaft through a controlled coupling (12), characterized in that said control device is configured to control said controlled coupling (12) in the open position when the rotational speed of the secondary shaft (8) is lower than a speed threshold in the driving direction of said one-way coupling (10), and in that said control device is configured to control said piloted coupling (12) in the closed position when the relative direction of rotation is in the opposite direction to the direction of drive of said one-way coupling (10). 2. Dispositif de contrôle selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le dispositif de contrôle est configuré pour commander ledit accouplement pilotée (12) en position ouverte en outre lorsque la demande de couple dudit arbre secondaire est supérieure à un seuil de couple. 2. Control device according to claim 1, wherein the control device is configured to control said piloted coupling (12) in the open position further when the torque demand of said secondary shaft is greater than a torque threshold. 3. Dispositif de contrôle selon l’une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit accouplement unidirectionnel comprend une roue libre (10). 3. Control device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said one-way coupling comprises a freewheel (10). 4. Dispositif de contrôle selon l’une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit accouplement unidirectionnel (10) est agencé sur une desdites roues dentées secondaires (6, 7) de la voie de transmission de mouvement (TR1, TR2) ayant le rapport de transmission le plus court de ladite transmission. 4. Control device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said unidirectional coupling (10) is arranged on one of said secondary toothed wheels (6, 7) of the motion transmission path (TR1, TR2) having the shortest transmission ratio of said transmission. 5. Dispositif de contrôle selon l’une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit accouplement piloté (12) est agencé sur une desdites roues dentées de la voie de transmission de mouvement (TR1 , TR2) ayant le rapport de transmission le plus long de ladite transmission. 5. Control device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said piloted coupling (12) is arranged on one of said toothed wheels of the movement transmission path (TR1, TR2) having the longest transmission ratio of said transmission. 6. Dispositif selon l’une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit accouplement piloté (12) est commandé en position fermée lorsque la vitesse de rotation de l’arbre de transmission secondaire est supérieure audit seuil de vitesse, ou lorsque le sens de rotation relatif de l’arbre sur lequel est monté ledit accouplement unidirectionnel est dans le sens inverse du sens d’entraînement dudit l’accouplement unidirectionnel. 6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, in which said piloted coupling (12) is controlled in the closed position when the rotation speed of the secondary transmission shaft is greater than said speed threshold, or when the direction relative rotation of the shaft on which said one-way coupling is mounted is in the opposite direction to the driving direction of said one-way coupling. 7. Dispositif selon l’une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel chaque voie de transmission de mouvement (TR1, TR2) est formé par un train d’engrenages. 7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, in which each movement transmission path (TR1, TR2) is formed by a gear train. 8. Dispositif selon l’une des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel la transmission comprend une bande fermée sur elle-même reliant les roues dentées de chaque voie de transmission de mouvement (TR1, TR2), de préférence ladite bande fermée sur elle- même est une chaîne ou une courroie. 8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, in which the transmission comprises a band closed on itself connecting the toothed wheels of each movement transmission path (TR1, TR2), preferably said band closed on itself is a chain or a belt. 9. Dispositif selon l’une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que Le pilotage de l’accouplement piloté (12) est électrique, hydraulique ou pneumatique.9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control of the controlled coupling (12) is electric, hydraulic or pneumatic. 10. Dispositif selon l’une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l’accouplement piloté (12) est un embrayage mono-disque ou multidisques 10. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the controlled coupling (12) is a single-disc or multi-disc clutch. 11. Procédé de contrôle d’une transmission de vitesse, ladite transmission comprenant un premier arbre de transmission (3) relié à une machine électrique (1) et portant deux roues dentées premières (4, 5) coopérant avec au moins deux roues dentées secondaires (6, 7) portées par un arbre secondaire de transmission (8) formant deux voies de transmission de mouvement (TR1 , TR2) avec des rapports de transmissions différents, l’une desdites voies de transmission de mouvement (TR1, TR2) comprenant un accouplement unidirectionnel (10), et l’autre desdites voies de transmission de mouvement (TR1, TR2) comprenant une roue dentée montée folle en rotation sur ledit arbre secondaire (8) ou sur ledit premier arbre de transmission (3) et étant relié audit arbre au travers d’un accouplement piloté (12), caractérisé en ce qu’on met en œuvre les étapes suivantes : a. Lorsque la vitesse de rotation de l’arbre secondaire (8) est inférieure à un seuil de vitesse dans le sens d’entraînement dudit accouplement unidirectionnel (10), on ouvre ledit accouplement piloté (12) ; b. Lorsque le sens de rotation relatif est dans le sens de rotation inverse du sens d’entraînement dudit accouplement unidirectionnel (10), on ferme ledit accouplement piloté (12). 11. Method for controlling a speed transmission, said transmission comprising a first transmission shaft (3) connected to an electrical machine (1) and carrying two primary toothed wheels (4, 5) cooperating with at least two secondary toothed wheels (6, 7) carried by a secondary transmission shaft (8) forming two motion transmission paths (TR1, TR2) with different transmission ratios, one of said motion transmission paths (TR1, TR2) comprising a unidirectional coupling (10), and the other of said motion transmission paths (TR1, TR2) comprising a toothed wheel mounted freely in rotation on said secondary shaft (8) or on said first transmission shaft (3) and being connected to said shaft through a controlled coupling (12), characterized in that the following steps are implemented: a. When the rotational speed of the secondary shaft (8) is lower than a speed threshold in the driving direction of said one-way coupling (10), said piloted coupling (12) is opened; b. When the relative direction of rotation is in the opposite direction of rotation to the driving direction of said one-way coupling (10), said piloted coupling (12) is closed. 12. Procédé de contrôle selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel on ouvre ledit accouplement piloté (12) en outre lorsque le couple demandé dudit arbre secondaire (8) est supérieur à un seuil de couple. 12. Control method according to the preceding claim, in which said piloted coupling (12) is further opened when the requested torque of said secondary shaft (8) is greater than a torque threshold. 13. Procédé de contrôle selon l’une des revendications 11 ou 12, dans lequel on ferme ledit accouplement piloté (12) lorsque la vitesse de rotation de l’arbre de sortie est supérieure audit seuil de vitesse dans le sens d’entraînement dudit accouplement unidirectionnel (10). 13. Control method according to one of claims 11 or 12, in which said piloted coupling (12) is closed when the rotation speed of the output shaft is greater than said speed threshold in the driving direction of said one-way coupling (10). 14. Véhicule électrique, notamment véhicule automobile, comprenant une transmission14. Electric vehicle, in particular motor vehicle, comprising a transmission (2), ladite transmission comprenant un premier arbre de transmission (3) relié à une machine électrique (1) et portant deux roues dentées premières (4, 5) coopérant avec au moins deux roues dentées secondaires (6, 7) portées par un arbre secondaire de transmission (8) formant deux voies de transmission de mouvement (TR1, TR2) avec des rapports de transmission différents, l’une desdites voies de transmission de mouvement (TR1 , TR2) comprenant un accouplement unidirectionnel (10), et l’autre desdites voies de transmission de mouvement (TR1 , TR2) comprenant une roue dentée montée folle en rotation sur l’arbre secondaire (8) ou sur ledit premier arbre(2), said transmission comprising a first transmission shaft (3) connected to an electrical machine (1) and carrying two primary toothed wheels (4, 5) cooperating with at least two secondary toothed wheels (6, 7) carried by a secondary transmission shaft (8) forming two motion transmission paths (TR1, TR2) with different transmission ratios, one of said motion transmission paths (TR1, TR2) comprising a unidirectional coupling (10), and the other of said motion transmission paths (TR1, TR2) comprising a toothed wheel mounted loosely in rotation on the secondary shaft (8) or on said first shaft (3) de transmission et étant relié audit arbre au travers d’un accouplement piloté, caractérisé en ce que ledit véhicule comprend un dispositif de contrôle selon l’une des revendications 1 à 10. (3) transmission and being connected to said shaft through a controlled coupling, characterized in that said vehicle comprises a control device according to one of claims 1 to 10.
PCT/EP2025/059221 2024-04-19 2025-04-04 Control device for a transmission, with driven coupling Pending WO2025219104A1 (en)

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FRFR2404065 2024-04-19
FR2404065A FR3161396A1 (en) 2024-04-19 2024-04-19 Device for controlling a transmission with piloted coupling

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2962379A1 (en) 2010-07-08 2012-01-13 Inst Francais Du Petrole SPEED TRANSMISSION DEVICE FOR A HYBRID TYPE MOTOR VEHICLE
DE102019003004A1 (en) * 2019-04-25 2020-10-29 Borgwarner Inc. Transmission for the drive train of an electric or hybrid vehicle, drive train and method for operating such a drive train
DE102019118080A1 (en) * 2019-07-04 2021-01-07 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Drive arrangement
DE102019124783B3 (en) * 2019-09-16 2021-01-21 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Drive train for an electrically driven motor vehicle
US11384817B2 (en) 2020-05-25 2022-07-12 Hyundai Motor Company Powertrain for electric vehicle

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2962379A1 (en) 2010-07-08 2012-01-13 Inst Francais Du Petrole SPEED TRANSMISSION DEVICE FOR A HYBRID TYPE MOTOR VEHICLE
US20120031229A1 (en) 2010-07-08 2012-02-09 Venturi Stephane Speed transmission device for a hybrid type motor vehicle
DE102019003004A1 (en) * 2019-04-25 2020-10-29 Borgwarner Inc. Transmission for the drive train of an electric or hybrid vehicle, drive train and method for operating such a drive train
DE102019118080A1 (en) * 2019-07-04 2021-01-07 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Drive arrangement
DE102019124783B3 (en) * 2019-09-16 2021-01-21 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Drive train for an electrically driven motor vehicle
US11384817B2 (en) 2020-05-25 2022-07-12 Hyundai Motor Company Powertrain for electric vehicle

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