WO2025082093A1 - 电池模组及电池包 - Google Patents

电池模组及电池包 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025082093A1
WO2025082093A1 PCT/CN2024/117365 CN2024117365W WO2025082093A1 WO 2025082093 A1 WO2025082093 A1 WO 2025082093A1 CN 2024117365 W CN2024117365 W CN 2024117365W WO 2025082093 A1 WO2025082093 A1 WO 2025082093A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
box plate
battery
upper box
battery module
lower box
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/117365
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘强
王海旭
陈新峰
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eve Energy Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Eve Energy Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eve Energy Co Ltd filed Critical Eve Energy Co Ltd
Priority to EP24875617.3A priority Critical patent/EP4589748A1/en
Priority to US19/089,304 priority patent/US20250233235A1/en
Publication of WO2025082093A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025082093A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/643—Cylindrical cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery module and a battery pack.
  • the battery generates heat during the charging and discharging process, which is mainly removed by the coolant flowing in the liquid cooling plate.
  • Traditional battery modules mostly use liquid cooling plates in the form of serpentine tubes to dissipate heat from the battery cells.
  • the single battery cells are first placed vertically in the tray in sequence, and then serpentine tubes are placed between two adjacent rows of battery cells to form a battery module.
  • the structure of this type of battery module is relatively complex.
  • a battery pack can be formed by assembling multiple battery modules in a PACK box.
  • a crossbeam is usually provided inside the box.
  • the crossbeam divides the interior of the box into multiple cavities, and the assembled battery modules are accommodated in the cavities.
  • the provision of the crossbeam will make the internal structure of the box complex, the manufacturing cost is high, and the crossbeam also occupies the internal space of the box, thereby reducing the utilization rate of the box space by the battery module.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery module, including a liquid cooling structure and a plurality of battery cells, wherein the liquid cooling structure includes:
  • An upper box plate and a lower box plate, the upper box plate and the lower box plate are arranged opposite to each other to form a receiving space, the surfaces of the upper box plate and the lower box plate close to each other are cooling surfaces, the cooling surfaces are provided with grooves, the grooves are adapted to the circumferential side surfaces of the battery cells, the battery cells are located in the receiving space and the circumferential side surfaces of the battery cells are in contact with the grooves;
  • the support member extends along the length direction of the upper box plate and is vertically connected between the upper box plate and the lower box plate.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery pack, comprising a box and a plurality of battery modules as described in any one of the above items, wherein the plurality of battery modules are arranged in the box.
  • the battery module provided by the present application can use the liquid cooling structure as a bracket for installing the battery cell, so that the battery cell can be directly integrated on the liquid cooling structure, simplifying the structure of the battery module.
  • the single battery cells are directly placed horizontally in the accommodation space in sequence, and the circumferential side of the battery cell is fitted with the groove to achieve better heat conduction, thereby assembling into a battery module.
  • the battery cell grouping process is simple and the grouping efficiency is high.
  • the liquid cooling structure and the battery cell are modularly designed, and the weight and size of the entire battery module are relatively small, which is convenient for transportation and lifting.
  • the upper box plate can be used as a crossbeam at the top of the inner side of the box, and the lower box plate can be used as a crossbeam at the bottom of the inner side of the box, which enhances the structural strength of the box. Therefore, there is no need to set a crossbeam separately on the upper cover and the lower cover of the box, which reduces the complexity of the box structure design and saves costs.
  • the box can be made into a flat box without crossbeams. After the battery module is boxed, the structure of the whole box is compact and the space utilization rate is good.
  • the battery pack provided in the present application simplifies the structure of the box and improves the space utilization of the box by disposing the above-mentioned battery module.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a partial sectional view of the axial side of the liquid cooling structure provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module provided in an embodiment of the present application from a first viewing angle after the CCS component is hidden;
  • FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module provided in an embodiment of the present application with the CCS component hidden from view at a second viewing angle;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the box provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements.
  • a first feature being “above” or “below” a second feature may include the first feature being in direct contact with the second feature, or may include the first feature being in contact with the second feature through another feature between them instead of being in direct contact.
  • a first feature being “above”, “above”, and “above” a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • a first feature being “below”, “below”, and “below” a second feature includes the first feature being directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.
  • the terms “upper”, “lower”, “left”, “right” and other directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.
  • the terms “first” and “second” are used to distinguish in the description and have no special meaning.
  • the present embodiment provides a battery pack, which includes a box body 100 and a plurality of battery modules, and the plurality of battery modules are arranged in the box body 100.
  • the battery module may be one or more.
  • the battery module provided in the present embodiment includes a liquid cooling structure 10 and a plurality of battery cells 20, the liquid cooling structure 10 includes an upper box plate 11, a lower box plate 12 and a support member 13, the upper box plate 11 and the lower box plate 12 are both liquid cooling plates, the upper box plate 11 and the lower box plate 12 are arranged parallel and opposite to each other to form a receiving space 14, the surfaces close to the upper box plate 11 and the lower box plate 12 are both cooling surfaces 111, and a groove 112 is provided on the cooling surface 111, the groove 112 is adapted to the circumferential side of the battery cell 20, the battery cell 20 is located in the receiving space 14 and the circumferential side of the battery cell 20 is in contact with the groove 112, and the support member 13 extends along the length direction of the upper box plate 11
  • the battery module provided in this embodiment can use the liquid cooling structure 10 as a bracket for installing the battery cell 20, so that the battery cell 20 can be directly integrated on the liquid cooling structure 10, simplifying the structure of the battery module.
  • the single battery cells 20 are directly placed horizontally in the accommodating space 14 in sequence, and one end of the battery cell 20 is placed in the corresponding accommodating groove 131 for positioning, and the circumferential side of the battery cell 20 is in contact with the groove 112 on the cooling surface 111 to achieve better heat conduction, thereby assembling into a battery module.
  • the grouping process of the battery cell 20 is simple and the grouping efficiency is higher.
  • the liquid cooling structure 10 and the battery cell 20 are modularly designed, and the weight and size of the entire battery module are relatively small, which is convenient for transportation and lifting.
  • the battery module can be directly placed horizontally in the box of the battery pack, and multiple battery modules can be arranged along the length and width of the box, and can be adaptively selected according to capacity requirements.
  • the upper box plate 11 and the lower box plate 12 are used as liquid cooling plates, and the upper box plate 11 can also be used as a crossbeam at the top of the inner side of the box body, and the lower box plate 12 can also be used as a crossbeam at the bottom of the inner side of the box body, thereby enhancing the structural strength of the box body.
  • the box body can be made into a flat box body without crossbeams. After the battery modules are assembled in the box, the structure of the whole box is compact and the space utilization rate is good.
  • the length direction of the upper box plate 11 is the X direction
  • the width direction of the upper box plate 11 is the Y direction
  • the support member 13 is connected to the middle position of the upper box plate 11 and the lower box plate 12, so that the liquid cooling structure 10 is constructed as an I-shaped structure, and two accommodating spaces 14 are formed between the upper box plate 11 and the lower box plate 12.
  • the support member 13 blocks the two accommodating spaces 14.
  • Two rows of cells 20 stacked up and down are arranged in each accommodating space 14. The cells 20 in each row are arranged along the X direction.
  • the circumferential side of the upper row of cells 20 fits in the groove 112 of the upper box plate 11, and the circumferential side of the lower row of cells 20 fits in the groove 112 of the lower box plate 12. That is to say, four rows of battery cells 20 can be placed in each liquid cooling structure 10. Under the premise of simplifying the grouping process, the space in the liquid cooling structure 10 is efficiently utilized, the space utilization rate is improved, and the energy density of the battery module is increased. In addition, the I-shaped liquid cooling structure 10 increases the structural strength and is relatively stable.
  • the battery module further includes an integrated busbar (Cells Contact System, CCS) assembly 30, the CCS assembly 30 is electrically connected to one end of the plurality of cells 20 away from the support 13, and the CCS assembly 30 is configured to realize electrical connection or signal detection of the cells 20, and realize voltage output.
  • CCS assembly 30 is a related technology, and its specific structure and working principle are not described in detail here.
  • the cooling surface 111 is wavy to form a plurality of grooves 112, and the circumferential side surface of each battery cell 20 can fit with the corresponding groove 112, and the upper and lower rows of battery cells 20 are staggered.
  • the battery cell 20 is cylindrical, and the corresponding groove 112 is arc-shaped, so that the inner wall of the arc-shaped groove 112 can fit with the circumferential side surface of the battery cell 20, the contact area is large, the effect of fixing the battery cell 20 is stable, and the heat exchange rate is high, so that the battery cell 20 can be well cooled and the heat dissipation effect is improved.
  • Thermally conductive glue is filled between each groove 112 and the circumferential side of the corresponding battery cell 20.
  • the thermally conductive glue reduces the contact thermal resistance between the box plate and the battery cell 20, and the heat conduction effect is better.
  • the thermally conductive glue can fix multiple battery cells 20 in the corresponding grooves 112 to form a modular structure with stable and reliable structure. During operation, you can first apply glue on the side wall of the groove 112, and then place the battery cell 20 in the groove 112, or you can first put the battery cell 20 into the groove 112, and after all the battery cells 20 are assembled, fill the entire battery module with glue.
  • the support member 13 is provided with a plurality of accommodating grooves 131, and one end of the battery cell 20 is placed in a corresponding accommodating groove 131.
  • the accommodating groove 131 is configured to locate the position of the battery cell 20, and the effect of fixing the battery cell 20 is stable.
  • the grouping process of the battery module can be as follows: the liquid cooling structure 10 is cleaned to wash away impurities on the surface of the liquid cooling structure 10 .
  • the liquid cooling structure 10 is divided into a first side and a second side with the support member 13 as the interface, and the side walls of the groove 112 of the upper box plate 11 and the lower box plate 12 located on the first side are respectively applied with glue to form a thermally conductive glue, and a plurality of battery cells 20 are sequentially placed horizontally in the accommodation space 14 of the first side, and one end of the battery cell 20 is placed in the corresponding accommodation groove 131 for positioning, and the circumferential side of the battery cell 20 is in contact with the thermally conductive glue, and after the battery cells 20 on the first side are stacked, the groove 112 on the second side is applied with glue, and the battery cells 20 on the second side are stacked, thereby integrating all the plurality of battery cells 20 on the liquid cooling structure 10 .
  • the liquid cooling structure 10 is cleaned to wash away impurities on the surface of the
  • a liquid inlet channel 113 is provided inside one of the upper box plate 11 and the lower box plate 12, and a liquid outlet channel 121 is provided inside the other one; a liquid inlet joint 114 is provided at one end of one of the upper box plate 11 and the lower box plate 12, and a liquid outlet joint 122 is provided at the same end of the other of the upper box plate 11 and the lower box plate 12, the liquid inlet joint 114 is connected to the liquid inlet channel 113, and the liquid outlet joint 122 is connected to the liquid outlet channel 121, and a connecting pipe 15 is also provided between the other ends of the upper box plate 11 and the lower box plate 12, and the connecting pipe 15 connects the liquid inlet channel 113 and the liquid outlet channel 121.
  • the upper box plate 11 is provided with a liquid inlet channel 113
  • the lower box plate 12 is provided with a liquid outlet channel 121.
  • a liquid inlet joint 114 is provided at one end of the upper box plate 11, and a liquid outlet joint 122 is provided at the same end of the lower box plate 12.
  • the liquid inlet joint 114 is connected to the liquid inlet channel 113
  • the liquid outlet joint 122 is connected to the liquid outlet channel 121.
  • a connecting pipe 15 is also provided between the other ends of the upper box plate 11 and the lower box plate 12, and the connecting pipe 15 connects the liquid inlet channel 113 and the liquid outlet channel 121.
  • the coolant flows into the liquid inlet channel 113 of the upper box plate 11 through the liquid inlet joint 114, flows along the liquid inlet channel 113, flows into the liquid outlet channel 121 of the lower box plate 12 through the connecting pipe 15, flows along the liquid outlet channel 121, and returns to the refrigeration device through the liquid outlet joint 122, thereby forming a liquid cooling circuit.
  • the coolant absorbs the heat generated by the battery cell 20, and discharges the heat as the coolant flows, so as to reduce the temperature of the battery cell 20.
  • liquid inlet channel 113 and the liquid inlet joint 114 can also be arranged on the lower box plate 12, and the liquid outlet channel 121 and the liquid outlet joint 122 can be arranged on the upper box plate 11, and the coolant can also be circulated through the coolant, so that the coolant absorbs the heat generated by the battery cell 20, and discharges the heat as the coolant flows, so as to reduce the temperature of the battery cell 20, which is not limited here.
  • the battery module also includes a serpentine tube, which is arranged between two rows of battery cells 20, and the circumferential side surfaces of the battery cells 20 located on both sides of the serpentine tube are in contact with the surface of the serpentine tube.
  • liquid cooling parts are in contact with both sides of each row of battery cells 20, thereby achieving double-sided liquid cooling of the battery cells 20, ensuring a sufficiently large heat dissipation area, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency, and for some battery cells 20 with large heat generation, efficient heat dissipation can be achieved, thereby ensuring the safety and service life of the battery module.
  • the support member 13 is provided with an exhaust channel 132, which extends along the length direction of the support member 13.
  • the support member 13 is provided with a plurality of accommodating grooves 131 on opposite sides, and the accommodating grooves 131 are connected with the exhaust channel 132.
  • the upper box plate 11, the lower box plate 12 and the support member 13 are an integrally formed structure, which not only facilitates the processing of the liquid cooling structure 10 and saves manufacturing costs, but also enhances the structural strength of the liquid cooling structure 10.
  • the I-shaped liquid cooling structure 10 can also be applied to the square battery cell 20.
  • the battery cell 20 is a square battery cell
  • the box plates at the upper and lower ends can be replaced by support plates, and the middle support member 13 can be replaced by a box plate.
  • the square battery cell is vertically arranged between the upper and lower support plates, and the large surface of the square battery cell 20 is in contact with the box plate.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池模组及电池包。电池包包括电池模组，电池模组包括液冷结构（10）和多个电芯（20），液冷结构（10）包括上箱板（11）、下箱板（12）和支撑件（13），上箱板（11）和下箱板（12）相对设置以形成容纳空间（14），上箱板（11）和下箱板（12）相靠近的表面均为冷却表面（111），冷却表面（111）上设有凹槽（112），凹槽（112）与电芯（20）的周向侧面相适配；支撑件（13）沿上箱板（11）延伸且垂直连接于上箱板（11）和下箱板（12）之间。

Description

电池模组及电池包
本申请要求在2023年10月18日提交中国专利局、申请号为202322794156.9的中国专利申请的优先权，以上申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体涉及一种电池模组及电池包。
背景技术
电池在充放电过程中会产生热量，主要是通过在液冷板中流动的冷却液将热量带走。传统的电池模组多采用蛇形管形式的液冷板对电芯进行散热，在电芯成组的过程中，先将单个电芯依次竖直放置在托盘内，然后在相邻两排电芯之间放置蛇形管，以形成电池模组，这种形式的电池模组的结构较为复杂。
技术问题
多个电池模组装配于PACK箱体内可形成电池包，为了增强PACK箱体的结构强度，通常在箱体内部设置横梁，横梁将箱体的内部划分成多个腔体，组装后的电池模组容纳于腔体内。但是，设置横梁会导致箱体的内部结构复杂，制造成本较高，且横梁也占用了箱体的内部空间，从而降低了电池模组对于箱体空间的利用率。
技术解决方案
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池模组，包括液冷结构和多个电芯，所述液冷结构包括：
上箱板和下箱板，所述上箱板和所述下箱板相对设置以形成容纳空间，所述上箱板和所述下箱板相靠近的表面均为冷却表面，所述冷却表面上设有凹槽，所述凹槽与电芯的周向侧面相适配，所述电芯位于所述容纳空间内且所述电芯的周向侧面与所述凹槽相贴合；
支撑件，沿所述上箱板的长度方向延伸且垂直连接于所述上箱板和所述下箱板之间。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池包，包括箱体和多个上述任一项所述的电池模组，多个所述电池模组设置于所述箱体内。
有益效果
本申请的有益效果：
本申请提供的电池模组，可以将液冷结构作为安装电芯的支架使用，使得电芯可以直接集成在液冷结构上，简化了电池模组的结构。在电芯成组时，直接将单个电芯依次水平放置于容纳空间内，并使得电芯的周向侧面与凹槽相贴合，以实现较好的热传导，由此即可组装成电池模组，电芯的成组工艺简单，成组效率较高，同时使得液冷结构和电芯呈模块化设计，整个电池模组重量及尺寸相对较小，方便转运和吊装。在此基础上，将电池模组水平放入电池包的箱体内之后，上箱板可以作为箱体内侧顶部的横梁使用，下箱板可以作为箱体内侧底部的横梁使用，增强了箱体的结构强度。由此，无需在箱体的上盖和下盖上单独设置横梁，降低了箱体结构设计的复杂程度，节省成本，箱体可以做成平整无横梁的箱体，电池模组装箱后，整箱的结构紧凑，空间利用率较好。
本申请提供的一种电池包，通过设置上述的电池模组，简化了箱体的结构，提高了箱体的空间利用率。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的电池模组的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的液冷结构的轴侧局部剖切图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的电池模组隐去CCS组件后在第一视角下的结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的电池模组隐去CCS组件后在第二视角下的结构示意图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的箱体的结构示意图。
图中：
10、液冷结构；
11、上箱板；111、冷却表面；112、凹槽；113、进液流道；114、进液接头；12、下箱板；121、出液流道；122、出液接头；13、支撑件；131、容置槽；132、排气通道；14、容纳空间；15、连接管；
20、电芯；
30、CCS组件；
100、箱体。
本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请进行说明。此处所描述的实施例用于解释本申请，而非对本申请的限定。为了便于描述，附图中仅示出了与本申请相关的部分而非全部结构。
在本申请的描述中，除非另有规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”、“固定”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。可以根据实际情况理解上述术语在本申请中的含义。
在本申请中，除非另有规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一特征和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一特征和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本实施例的描述中，术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述和简化操作，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”用于在描述上加以区分，并没有特殊的含义。
本实施例提供了一种电池包，电池包包括箱体100和多个电池模组，多个电池模组设置于箱体100内。电池模组可以为一个或多个。示例性地，如图1至图3所示，本实施例提供的电池模组包括液冷结构10和多个电芯20，液冷结构10包括上箱板11、下箱板12和支撑件13，上箱板11和下箱板12均为液冷板，上箱板11和下箱板12平行且相对设置以形成容纳空间14，上箱板11和下箱板12相靠近的表面均为冷却表面111，冷却表面111上设有凹槽112，凹槽112与电芯20的周向侧面相适配，电芯20位于容纳空间14内且电芯20的周向侧面与凹槽112相贴合，支撑件13沿上箱板11的长度方向延伸且垂直连接于上箱板11和下箱板12之间。
本实施例提供的电池模组，可以将液冷结构10作为安装电芯20的支架使用，使得电芯20可以直接集成在液冷结构10上，简化了电池模组的结构。在电芯20成组时，直接将单个电芯20依次水平放置于容纳空间14内，并使得电芯20的一端置于对应的容置槽131内进行定位，且电芯20的周向侧面与冷却表面111上的凹槽112相贴合，以实现较好的热传导，由此即可组装成电池模组，电芯20的成组工艺简单，成组效率更高，同时使得液冷结构10和电芯20呈模块化设计，整个电池模组重量及尺寸相对较小，方便转运和吊装。电池模组可以直接水平放入电池包的箱体内，在沿箱体的长度和宽度方向上均可以排列多个电池模组，根据容量需求适应性选择即可。在此基础上，上箱板11和下箱板12作为液冷板的同时，上箱板11还可以作为箱体内侧顶部的横梁使用，下箱板12还可以作为箱体内侧底部的横梁使用，增强了箱体的结构强度。由此，无需在箱体的上盖和下盖上单独设置横梁，降低了箱体结构设计的复杂程度，节省成本，箱体可以做成平整无横梁的箱体，电池模组装箱后，整箱的结构紧凑，空间利用率较好。
结合图2和图3，为了便于理解，将上箱板11的长度方向即为X方向，将上箱板11的宽度方向定位为Y方向。沿上箱板11的宽度方向，支撑件13连接在上箱板11和下箱板12的中间位置，以使液冷结构10构造为工字型结构，上箱板11和下箱板12之间形成有两个容纳空间14，支撑件13将两个容纳空间14阻隔开，每一个容纳空间14内设有上下叠置的两排电芯20，每一排的电芯20均沿X方向排列，位于上方的一排电芯20的周向侧面贴合于上箱板11的凹槽112内，位于下方的一排电芯20的周向侧面贴合于下箱板12的凹槽112内。也就是说，每个液冷结构10内可以放置四排电芯20，在简化成组工艺的前提下，高效利用了液冷结构10内的空间，提高了空间利用率，提升了电池模组的能量密度，且工字型的液冷结构10增加了结构强度，结构较为稳定。
如图1所示，该电池模组还包括集成母排（Cells Contact System，CCS）组件30，CCS组件30与多个电芯20远离支撑件13的一端电连接，CCS组件30设置为实现电芯20的电连接或信号检测，实现电压的输出。其中，CCS组件30为相关技术，其具体结构和工作原理在此不再赘述。
如图2和图3所示，冷却表面111呈波浪形以形成多个凹槽112，每个电芯20的周向侧面能与对应的凹槽112相贴合，且上下两排电芯20之间交错设置。本实施例中，电芯20为圆柱形，对应的凹槽112为弧形，以使弧形的凹槽112的内壁能与电芯20的周向侧面相贴合，接触面积较大，固定电芯20的效果稳定，热交换速率较高，从而能够对电芯20起到良好的降温作用，提高散热效果。
每个凹槽112与对应的电芯20的周向侧面之间填充有导热胶。一方面，导热胶降低了箱板和电芯20之间的接触热阻，导热效果更好。另一方面，导热胶能够将多个电芯20固定在对应的凹槽112内，以形成模块化结构，结构稳定可靠。在操作时，可以先在凹槽112的侧壁上涂胶，再将电芯20放置于凹槽112内，也可以先将电芯20放入凹槽112内，所有电芯20组装完成后，整个电池模组再灌胶。
如图2所示，支撑件13上设有多个容置槽131，电芯20的一端置于对应的容置槽131内。容置槽131设置为对电芯20的位置进行定位，固定电芯20的效果稳定。
结合图2和图3，以先涂胶为例，电池模组的成组过程可以为：对液冷结构10进行清洗，以洗去液冷结构10表面的杂质。以支撑件13为分界面，将液冷结构10划分为第一侧和第二侧，分别对位于第一侧的上箱板11和下箱板12的凹槽112侧壁进行涂胶，以形成导热胶，将多个电芯20依次水平放置于第一侧的容纳空间14内，并使得电芯20的一端置于对应的容置槽131内进行定位，且电芯20的周向侧面与导热胶接触，堆叠完第一侧的电芯20后，对第二侧的凹槽112进行涂胶，并堆叠第二侧的电芯20，由此将多个电芯20全部集成在液冷结构10上。分别安装两侧的CCS组件30。第一侧可以是液冷结构10沿其宽度方向的任意一侧，第二侧为相对的另一侧即可。
上箱板11和下箱板12二者中的其中一个的内部设有进液流道113，另一个的内部设有出液流道121；上箱板11和下箱板12二者中的其中一个的一端设置有进液接头114，上箱板11和下箱板12二者中的另一个的同一端设置有出液接头122，进液接头114与进液流道113连通，出液接头122与出液流道121连通，上箱板11和下箱板12的另一端之间还设置有连接管15，连接管15连通进液流道113和出液流道121。
如图2和图4所示，在其中一种实施例中，上箱板11的内部设有进液流道113，下箱板12的内部设有出液流道121，同时，上箱板11的一端设置有进液接头114，下箱板12的同一端设置有出液接头122，进液接头114与进液流道113连通，出液接头122与出液流道121连通，上箱板11和下箱板12的另一端之间还设置有连接管15，连接管15连通进液流道113和出液流道121。冷却液通过进液接头114流入上箱板11的进液流道113中，并沿着进液流道113流动，通过连接管15流入下箱板12的出液流道121中，并沿着出液流道121流动，通过出液接头122回到制冷设备，从而形成液冷回路。通过冷却液的循环流动，冷却液吸收电芯20产生的热量，并随着冷却液的流动将热量排出，以降低电芯20的温度。在另一种实施例中，进液流道113和进液接头114也可以设置在下箱板12上，出液流道121和出液接头122设置在上箱板11上，同样能够通过冷却液的循环流动，冷却液吸收电芯20产生的热量，并随着冷却液的流动将热量排出，以降低电芯20的温度，在此不做限定。
电池模组还包括蛇形管，蛇形管设置在两排电芯20之间，位于蛇形管两侧的电芯20的周向侧面与蛇形管的表面相贴合。也就是说，每排电芯20的两侧均贴合设置有液冷件，由此实现了电芯20的双面液冷，保证足够大的散热面积，从而提高散热效率，对于一些发热量大的电芯20，能够实现高效散热，从而保证了电池模组的安全及使用寿命。
如图2所示，支撑件13上设有排气通道132，排气通道132沿支撑件13的长度方向延伸，支撑件13的相对两侧均设有多个容置槽131，容置槽131与排气通道132连通。通过设置排气通道132，当电芯20膨胀发生爆炸时，能够通过排气通道132实现泄压和散热，在此基础上，还能相应减少箱体底部的排气设计，减少了空间占用。
上箱板11、下箱板12和支撑件13三者为一体成型结构。这样设置，不仅使得液冷结构10方便加工，节省了制造成本，同时又可以增强液冷结构10的结构强度。
工字型的液冷结构10同样可以适用于方形的电芯20，当电芯20为方形电芯时，上下两端的箱板可以替换为支撑板，中间的支撑件13可以替换为箱板，方形电芯立设在上下两个支撑板之间，且方形电芯20的大面与箱板贴合接触即可。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电池模组，包括液冷结构（10）和多个电芯（20），所述液冷结构（10）包括：
    上箱板（11）和下箱板（12），所述上箱板（11）和所述下箱板（12）相对设置以形成容纳空间（14），所述上箱板（11）和所述下箱板（12）相靠近的表面均为冷却表面（111），所述冷却表面（111）上设有凹槽（112），所述凹槽（112）与所述电芯（20）的周向侧面相适配，所述电芯（20）位于所述容纳空间（14）内且所述电芯（20）的周向侧面与所述凹槽（112）相贴合；
    支撑件（13），沿所述上箱板（11）的长度方向延伸且垂直连接于所述上箱板（11）和所述下箱板（12）之间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其中，沿所述上箱板（11）的宽度方向，所述支撑件（13）连接在所述上箱板（11）和所述下箱板（12）的中间位置，所述上箱板（11）和所述下箱板（12）之间形成有两个所述容纳空间（14），每一个所述容纳空间（14）内设有上下叠置的两排所述电芯（20），其中一排所述电芯（20）的周向侧面贴合于所述上箱板（11）的所述凹槽（112）内，另一排所述电芯（20）的周向侧面贴合于所述下箱板（12）的所述凹槽（112）内。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池模组，其中，所述冷却表面（111）呈波浪形以形成多个所述凹槽（112），每个所述电芯（20）的周向侧面能与对应的所述凹槽（112）相贴合。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池模组，其中，每个所述凹槽（112）与对应的所述电芯（20）的周向侧面之间填充有导热胶。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的电池模组，其中，所述上箱板（11）和所述下箱板（12）二者中的其中一个的内部设有进液流道（113），另一个的内部设有出液流道（121）；
    所述上箱板（11）和所述下箱板（12）二者中的其中一个的一端设置有进液接头（114），所述上箱板（11）和所述下箱板（12）二者中的另一个的同一端设置有出液接头（122），所述进液接头（114）与所述进液流道（113）连通，所述出液接头（122）与所述出液流道（121）连通，所述上箱板（11）和所述下箱板（12）的另一端之间还设置有连接管（15），所述连接管（15）连通所述进液流道（113）和所述出液流道（121）。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的电池模组，其中，所述电池模组还包括蛇形管，所述蛇形管设置在两排所述电芯（20）之间，位于所述蛇形管两侧的所述电芯（20）的周向侧面与所述蛇形管的表面相贴合。
  7. 根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的电池模组，其中，所述支撑件（13）上设有多个容置槽（131），所述电芯（20）的一端置于所述电芯（20）对应的所述容置槽（131）内。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池模组，其中，所述支撑件（13）上设有排气通道（132），所述排气通道（132）沿所述支撑件（13）的长度方向延伸，所述支撑件（13）的相对两侧均设有多个所述容置槽（131），所述容置槽（131）与所述排气通道（132）连通。
  9. 根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的电池模组，其中，所述上箱板（11）、所述下箱板（12）和所述支撑件（13）三者为一体成型结构。
  10. 一种电池包，包括箱体和多个如权利要求1~9中任一项所述的电池模组，多个所述电池模组设置于所述箱体内。
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