WO2024156886A1 - Microbiocidal pyrazole derivatives - Google Patents

Microbiocidal pyrazole derivatives Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024156886A1
WO2024156886A1 PCT/EP2024/051942 EP2024051942W WO2024156886A1 WO 2024156886 A1 WO2024156886 A1 WO 2024156886A1 EP 2024051942 W EP2024051942 W EP 2024051942W WO 2024156886 A1 WO2024156886 A1 WO 2024156886A1
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Prior art keywords
formula
pyridyl
alkyl
hydrogen
compounds
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PCT/EP2024/051942
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French (fr)
Inventor
Andrew Edmunds
Christopher Charles SCARBOROUGH
Atul Mahajan
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Syngenta Crop Protection AG Switzerland
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Syngenta Crop Protection AG Switzerland
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Priority to CR20250354A priority Critical patent/CR20250354A/en
Priority to EP24702517.4A priority patent/EP4655284A1/en
Priority to KR1020257027883A priority patent/KR20250137683A/en
Priority to AU2024211865A priority patent/AU2024211865A1/en
Priority to CN202480008519.6A priority patent/CN120584101A/en
Priority to JP2025543279A priority patent/JP2026505027A/en
Publication of WO2024156886A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024156886A1/en
Priority to MX2025008639A priority patent/MX2025008639A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to CONC2025/0010537A priority patent/CO2025010537A2/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D211/80—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D211/84—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/82—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with three ring hetero atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P3/00—Fungicides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to microbiocidal pyrazole derivatives, e.g., as active ingredients, which have microbiocidal activity, in particular fungicidal activity.
  • the invention also relates to preparation of these pyrazole derivatives, to intermediates useful in the preparation of these pyrazole derivatives, to the preparation of these intermediates, to agrochemical compositions which comprise at least one of the pyrazole derivatives, to preparation of these compositions and to the use of the pyrazole derivatives or compositions in agriculture or horticulture for controlling or preventing infestation of plants, harvested food crops, seeds or non-living materials by phytopathogenic microorganisms, in particular fungi.
  • R 1 is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, or Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl;
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy, C2-C4-alkenyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl, Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C4-alkyoxy, Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C4-alkyoxy-Ci-C2-alkyoxy, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonyl, N- Ci-C4-alkoxy-Ci-C4-alkyl-carbonimidoyl, N-hydroxy-Ci-C4-alkyl-carbonimidoyl, or Ci-C4-alkoxycarbonyl;
  • R 3 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, or Ci-C4-alkyl
  • R 4 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, cyano, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonyl, Ci-C4-alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C4- alkylaminocarbonyl, or di(Ci-C4-alkylamino)carbonyl;
  • R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or Ci-C4-alkyl
  • a 1 , A 2 and A 3 are independently selected from CR 7 , N, NR 8 , O, or S, with the proviso that at least one of A 1 , A 2 and A 3 is selected from N, O, or S, and that no more than one of A 1 , A 2 and A 3 is O or S;
  • R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, or C2-C4-alkynyl;
  • B 1 is CR 9 or N
  • B 2 is CR 10 or N
  • B 3 is CR 11 or N
  • B 4 is CR 12 or N, with the proviso that only one of B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , and B 4 is N;
  • R 10 , R 11 , R 12 and R 13 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, amino, hydroxy, carboxylic acid, cyano, Ci-C4-alkyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy, Ci-C4-haloalkoxy, C2-C4-alkenyloxy, C2-C4-alkynyloxy, C1-C4 alkylsulfanyl, Ci-C4-alkylsulfinyl, Ci-C4-alkylsulfonyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy-Ci-C4 alkyl, N-Ci-C4-alkylamino, N,N-di(Ci- C4-alkyl)amino, Ci-C4-alkoxycarbonyl, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonyl, N-Ci-C4alkoxy-Ci-C4alkyl-carbonimidoyl, N- hydroxy-C
  • Z 1 is selected from 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, pyrazin-2-yl, pyridazin-3-yl, pyridazin-4-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, or pyrimidin-5-yl; wherein any of said pyridyl-, pyrazin- pyridazine, and pyrimidin-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, cyano, Ci-C4-alkyl, Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, Ci-C4-haloalkoxy, Ci-C4-alkoxy, Ci-C4-alkylsulfanyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfinyl, or Ci-C4-alkylsul
  • an agrochemical composition comprising a fungicidally effective amount of a compound of formula (I) according to the invention.
  • Such an agricultural composition may further comprise at least one additional active ingredient and/or an agrochemically- acceptable diluent or carrier.
  • a method of controlling or preventing infestation of useful plants by phytopathogenic microorganisms wherein a fungicidally effective amount of a compound of formula (I) according to the invention, or a composition comprising the compound of formula (I), is applied to the plants, to parts thereof or the locus thereof.
  • a compound of formula (I) according to the invention as a fungicide.
  • the use may exclude methods for treatment of the human or animal body by surgery or therapy and diagnostic methods practised on the human or animal body.
  • Compounds of formula (I) which have at least one basic centre can form, for example, acid addition salts, for example with strong inorganic acids such as mineral acids, for example perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, nitrous acid, a phosphorus acid or a hydrohalic acid, with strong organic carboxylic acids, such as C1- C4alkanecarboxylic acids which are unsubstituted or substituted, for example by halogen, for example acetic acid, such as saturated or unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, for example oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid or phthalic acid, such as hydroxycarboxylic acids, for example ascorbic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid or citric acid, or such as benzoic acid, or with organic sulfonic acids, such as Ci- 04 alkane- or arylsulfonic acids which are unsubstituted or substituted, for
  • Compounds of formula (I) which have at least one acidic group can form, for example, salts with bases, for example mineral salts such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, for example sodium, potassium or magnesium salts, or salts with ammonia or an organic amine, such as morpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, a mono-, di- or tri-lower-alkylamine, for example ethyl-, diethyl-, triethyl- or dimethylpropylamine, or a mono-, di- or trihydroxy-lower-alkylamine, for example mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
  • bases for example mineral salts such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, for example sodium, potassium or magnesium salts
  • salts with ammonia or an organic amine such as morpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, a mono-, di- or tri-lower-alkylamine, for example ethyl-, die
  • the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are in free form, in oxidized form as a N-oxide or in salt form, e.g., an agronomically usable salt form.
  • N-oxides are oxidized forms of tertiary amines or oxidized forms of nitrogen containing heteroaromatic compounds. They are described for instance in the book “Heterocyclic N-oxides” by A. Albini and S. Pietra, CRC Press, Boca Raton 1991.
  • the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention also include hydrates which may be formed during the salt formation.
  • Ci-Cealkyl substituted by 1 , 2 or 3 halogens may include, but not be limited to, -CH2CI, -CHCI2, -CCh, -CH2F, -CHF2, - CF3, -CH2CF3 or -CF2CH3 groups.
  • Ci-Cealkoxy substituted by 1 , 2 or 3 halogens may include, but not be limited to, CH2CIO-, CHCI2O-, CCI3O-, CH2FO-, CHF2O-, CF3O-, CF3CH2O- or CH3CF2O- groups.
  • optionally substituted as used herein, can be used interchangeably with the term “unsubstituted or substituted”.
  • halogen refers to fluorine (fluoro), chlorine (chloro), bromine (bromo) or iodine (iodo), preferably fluorine, chlorine or bromine. This also applies, correspondingly, to halogen in combination with other meanings, such as haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, haloalkoxy, and halocycloalkyl.
  • amino means a -NH2 group.
  • cyano means a -CN group.
  • hydroxyl or “hydroxy” means an -OH group.
  • carboxylic acid means a -COOH group.
  • Ci-C n -alkyl refers to a saturated straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical attached via any of the carbon atoms having 1 to n carbon atoms, for example, any one of the radicals methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1 -methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2, 2-dimethylpropyl, 1 -ethylpropyl, n-hexyl, n- pentyl, 1 ,1 -dimethylpropyl, 1 , 2-dimethylpropyl, 1 -methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1 ,1 -dimethylbutyl, 1 ,2-dimethylbutyl, 1 ,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl,
  • C2-C n -alkenyl refers to a straight or branched alkenyl chain moiety having from two to n carbon atoms and one or two double bonds, for example, ethenyl, prop-1 -enyl, but-2-enyl.
  • C2-C n -alkynyl refers to a straight or branched alkynyl chain moiety having from two to n carbon atoms and one triple bond, for example, ethynyl, prop-2-ynyl, but-3-ynyl,
  • Cs-Cn-cycloalkyl refers to three (3) to n membered cycloalkyl radical such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
  • Ci-C n -alkoxy refers to a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having one (1) to n carbon atoms (as mentioned above) which is attached via an oxygen atom, i.e., for example, any one of the radicals methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, 1 -methylethoxy, n-butoxy, 1 -methylpropoxy, 2-methylpropoxy and 1 ,1 -dimethylethoxy.
  • C2-C n -alkenyloxy refers to a straight-chain or branched alkenyl chain having two (2) to n carbon atoms (as mentioned above) which is attached via an oxygen atom.
  • C2-C n alkynyloxy refers to a radical of the formula -OR a where R a is a C2-Cn alkynyl radical as generally defined above.
  • Ci-C n -alkoxy-Ci-C n -alkyl refers to an alkyl radical (as mentioned above) substituted with a Ci-Cn-alkoxy group. Examples are methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxymethyl and propoxymethyl.
  • Ci-C n -alkyl-Ci-C n -alkoxy refers to a radical of the formula -CR a -ORb, where R a is a Ci-Cn-alkyl group as defined above, and Rb refers to an Ci-C n -alkyl group as defined above.
  • Ci-C n -alkyl-Ci-C n -alkoxy-Ci-C n -alkoxy refers to a radical of the formula -CR a -ORb- ORc, where R a is a Ci-C n -alkyl group as defined above, and Rb and R c refer to an Ci-C n -alkyl group as defined above.
  • C3-C n -cycloalkyl-Ci-C n -alkyl refers to an alkyl radical (as mentioned above) substituted with a Cs-Cn-cycloalkyl group. Examples are cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopropylethyl.
  • C3-C n -halocycloalkyl-Ci-C n -alkyl refers to an alkyl radical substituted with cycloalkyl group, wherein the cycloalkyl group is substituted by one or more of the same or different halogen atoms. Examples are 3,3- difluorobutylmethyl and 1 -chlorocyclopropylmethyl.
  • Ci-C n -haloalkyl refers to a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical attached via any of the carbon atoms having 1 to n carbon atoms (as mentioned above), where some or all of the hydrogen atoms in these radicals may be replaced by fluorine, chlorine, bromine and/or iodine, i.e., for example, any one of chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chlorofluoromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloroethyl, 2- bromoethyl, 2-iodoethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroe
  • Ci-C2fluoroalkyl would refer to a Ci-C2alkyl radical which carries 1 , 2, 3, 4, or 5 fluorine atoms, for example, any one of difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 1 - fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1 ,1 ,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl or pentafluoroethyl.
  • C2-C n -haloalkenyl or “C2-C n -haloalkynyl” as used herein refers to a C2-C n -alkenyl or C2- Cn-alkynyl radical respectively substituted with one or more halogen atoms which may be the same or different.
  • Cs-Cn-halocycloalkyl or “Ci-C n -haloalkoxy” as used herein refers to a Cs-Cn-cycloalkyl radical or Ci-C n -alkoxyl radical respectively substituted with one or more halo atoms which may be the same or different.
  • Ci-C n -alkylth io“ or “Ci-C n -alkylsulfanyl“ refers to a Ci-C n -alkyl group linked through a sulfur atom.
  • Ci-C n -haloalkylthio“ or “Ci-C n -haloalkylsulfanyl“ refers to a Ci-C n haloalkyl group linked through a sulfur atom.
  • Ci-C n -alkylsulfonyl-Ci-C n -alkyl refers to an a Ci-C n alkyl radical substituted with a Ci-C n alkylsulfonyl group.
  • Ci-Cn-alkoxycarbonyl-Ci-Cn-alkyl refers to a Ci-Cn-alkyl radical substituted by a “C1- Cn-alkoxycarbonyl group.
  • the Ci-C n -alkyl group linked to the nitrogen may be substituted.
  • N-Ci-C n alkylamino refers to a radical of the formula -NH-R a where R a is a Ci-C n - alkyl radical as defined above.
  • N,N-di(Ci-C n alkyl)amino refers to a radical of the formula -N(R a )R a where each R a is a Ci-n alkyl radical, which may be the same or different, as defined above.
  • the Ci-C n -alkoxy group linked to the nitrogen may be substituted.
  • heteroaryl refers to a 5- or 6-membered aromatic monocyclic ring radical which comprises 1 , 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O or S.
  • heteroaryl include, but are not limited to, furanyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl or pyridyl.
  • heteroaryl-Ci-C n -alkyl or “heteroaryl- Cs-Cn-cycloalkyl” refers to an Ci-C n -alkyl or Cs-Cn-cycloalkyl radical respectively substituted by a heteroaryl group.
  • the heteroaryl-Ci-C n -alkyl or heteroaryl-Cs-Cn-cycloalkyl radical may be substituted on heteroaryl, alkyl and/or cycloalkyl group as appropriate.
  • controlling refers to reducing the number of pests, eliminating pests and/or preventing further pest damage such that damage to a plant or to a plant derived product is reduced.
  • pest refers to insects, and molluscs that are found in agriculture, horticulture, forestry, the storage of products of vegetable origin (such as fruit, grain, and timber); and those pests associated with the damage of man-made structures.
  • the term pest encompasses all stages in the life cycle of the pest.
  • the term "effective amount” refers to the amount of the compound, or a salt thereof, which, upon single or multiple applications provides the desired effect.
  • an effective amount is readily determined by the skilled person in the art, using known techniques and by observing results obtained under analogous circumstances. In determining the effective amount, a number of factors are considered including, but not limited to the type of plant or derived product to be applied; the pest to be controlled and its lifecycle; the particular compound applied; the type of application; and other relevant circumstances.
  • room temperature or “RT” or “rt” or “ambient temperature” refer to a temperature of about 15°C to about 35°C.
  • rt can refer to a temperature of about 20°C to about 30°C.
  • R 1 is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, or Cs-Cecycloalkyl.
  • R 1 is C1-C4 alkyl.
  • R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl. More preferably, R 1 is methyl, ethyl or isopropyl. Still more preferably, R 1 is methyl.
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy, C2-C4- alkenyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl, Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C4-alkyoxy, Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C4-alkyoxy- Ci-C2-alkyoxy, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonyl, N-Ci-C4-alkoxy-Ci-C4-alkyl-carbonimidoyl, N-hydroxy-Ci-C4-alkyl- carbonimidoyl, or Ci-C4-alkoxycarbonyl.
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, Ci-Cs-alkoxy, C3-C6- cycloalkyl, Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C2-alkyoxy, Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C4-alkyoxy-Ci-C2-alkyoxy, Ci-C2-alkylcarbonyl, N-C1-C2- alkoxy-C-Ci-C2-alkyl-carbonimidoyl, or N-hydroxy-C-Ci-C2 alkyl-carbonimidoyl.
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, Ci-Cs-alkoxy, Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl, or Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C2-alkyoxy. Still even more preferably R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, Ci-Cs-alkoxy, or Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C2-alkyoxy.
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, C2-C4- alkynyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, Cs-Cecycloalkyl, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonyl, N-C1-C4 alkoxy-C-Ci-C4 alkyl-carbonimidoyl, N- hydroxy-C-Ci-C4 alkyl-carbonimidoyl, or Ci-C4-alkoxycarbonyl.
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonyl, N-Ci-C4-alkoxy-Ci-C4-alkyl- carbonimidoyl, or N-hydroxy-Ci-C4-alkyl-carbonimidoyl.
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, cyclopropyl, Ci-C2-alkylcarbonyl, N-Ci-C2-alkoxy-C-Ci-C2-alkyl-carbonimidoyl, or N-hydroxy-C-Ci-C2 alkyl- carbonimidoyl.
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, or C3-C6- cycloalkyl.
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, Ci-Cs-alkyl, or Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl. More preferably R 2 is hydrogen, chlorine, methyl, or cyclopropyl.
  • R 2 is selected from Ci-C4-alkoxy, Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C4-alkyoxy, or Ci-C2- alkyl-Ci-C4-alkyoxy-Ci-C2-alkyoxy.
  • R 2 is Ci-Cs-alkoxy, Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C3-alkyoxy, or Ci-C2-alkyl- Ci-C3-alkyoxy-Ci-C2-alkyoxy. More preferably R 2 is methoxy, ethoxy, meth oxy methyl, or ethoxymethyl.
  • R 3 is selected from hydrogen, halogen or C1-C4 alky.
  • R 3 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or methyl. More preferably R 3 is hydrogen or methyl. Even more preferably R 3 is hydrogen.
  • R 4 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, C1-C4 alkylcarbonyl, C1-C4 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C4 alkylaminocarbonyl, or di(Ci-C4 alkyl)aminocarbonyl.
  • R 4 is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C4- alkoxycarbonyl.
  • R 4 is hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, Ci-Cs-alkyl, cyano, or CC>2Me. More preferably R 4 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, or cyano. Even more preferably R 4 is hydrogen or methyl. In one embodiment R 4 is hydrogen. In another embodiment R 4 is methyl.
  • R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or C1-C4 alkyl.
  • R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from hydrogen or Ci-C2-alkyl. More preferably R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from hydrogen or methyl. Even more preferably R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen.
  • a 1 , A 2 and A 3 are independently selected from CR 7 , N, NR 8 , O, or S, with the proviso that at least one of A 1 , A 2 and A 3 is selected from N, O or S, and that no more than one of A 1 , A 2 and A 3 is O or S.
  • a 1 , A 2 and A 3 are independently selected from CR 7 , N, O, or S, with the proviso that at least one of A 1 , A 2 and A 3 is selected from N, O or S, and that no more than one of A 1 , A 2 and A 3 is O or S.
  • R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C2-C4 alkenyl, or C2-C4 alkynyl.
  • R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl. More preferably R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from hydrogen or methyl. More preferably, R 7 and R 8 are hydrogen.
  • B 1 is CR 9 or N
  • B 2 is CR 10 or N
  • B 3 is CR 11 or N
  • B 4 is CR 12 or N, with the proviso that only one of B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , and B 4 is N.
  • B 1 is CR 9
  • B 2 is CR 10
  • B 3 is CR 11
  • B 4 is CR 12
  • B 1 is N
  • B 2 is CR 10
  • B 3 is CR 11
  • B 4 is CR 12
  • B 1 is CR 9
  • B 2 is N
  • B 3 is CR 11
  • B 4 is CR 12
  • B 1 is CR 9
  • B 2 is N
  • B 3 is CR 11
  • B 4 is CR 12
  • B 1 is CR 9
  • B 2 is CR 10
  • B 3 is N
  • B 4 is CR 12
  • B 1 is CR 9
  • B 2 is CR 10
  • B 3 is CR 11
  • B 4 is N.
  • B 1 is CR 9
  • B 2 is CR 10
  • B 3 is CR 11
  • B 4 is CR 12
  • B 1 is N
  • B 2 is CR 10
  • B 3 is CR 11
  • B 4 is CR 12
  • B 1 is CR 9
  • B 2 is N
  • B 3 is CR 11
  • B 4 is CR 12
  • B 1 is CR 9
  • B 2 is N
  • B 3 is CR 11
  • B 4 is CR 12
  • More preferably B 1 is CR 9
  • B 2 is CR 10
  • B 3 is CR 11
  • B 4 is CR 12 .
  • R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and R 12 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, amino, hydroxy, carboxylic acid, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 haloalkoxy, C2-C4 alkenyloxy, C2-C4 alkynyloxy, C1-C4 alkylsulfanyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfinyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfonyl, C1-C4 alkoxy-Ci-C4 alkyl, N-Ci-C4alkylamino, N,N-di(Ci-C4alkyl)amino, C1-C4 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C4 alkylcarbonyl, N-C1-C4 alkoxy- C1-C4 alkyl-carbonimidoyl, N-
  • R 9 and R 10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, amino, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 haloalkoxy, C2-C4alkenyloxy, C2-C4 alkynyloxy, C1-C4 alkylsulfanyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfinyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfonyl, C1-C4 alkoxy-Ci-C4 alkyl, N-C1- C4alkylamino, N,N-di(Ci-C4alkyl)amino, C1-C4 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C4 alkylcarbonyl, N-Ci-C4 alkoxy-Ci-C4 alkyl- carbonimidoyl, N-hydroxy-Ci-C4 alkyl-carbonimid
  • R 9 and R 10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, amino, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C2 haloalkyl, C1-C3 haloalkoxy, C1-C4 alkoxy, C2-C3alkenyloxy, C2-C3 alkynyloxy, C1- C2 alkylsulfanyl, C1-C2 alkylsulfinyl, C1-C2 alkylsulfonyl, Ci-C2 alkoxy-Ci-C2 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxycarbonyl, Ci- 02 alkylcarbonyl, N-C1-C2 alkoxy-C-Ci-C2 alkyl-carbonimidoyl, N-hydroxy-Ci-C2 alkyl-carbonimidoyl, hydroxy, C1-C2 alkylaminocarbonyl, di(Ci-C2 alkyl)aminocarbonyl, di(C
  • R 9 and R 10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, amino, C1- C3 alkyl, C1-C2 haloalkyl, C1-C3 haloalkoxy, C1-C4 alkoxy, C2-C3alkenyloxy, C2-C3 alkynyloxy, Ci- 02 alkylsulfanyl, Ci-C2 alkylsulfnyl, C1-C2 alkylsulfonyl, C1-C2 alkoxy-Ci-C2 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxycarbonyl, Ci- 02 alkylcarbonyl, N-C1-C2 alkoxy-C-Ci-C2 alkyl-carbonimidoyl, N-hydroxy-Ci-C2 alkyl-carbonimidoyl, hydroxy, C1-C2 alkylaminocarbonyl, di(Ci-C2 alkylamino)carbonyl, triflu
  • R 9 and R 10 are independently selected from hydrogen, chloro, fluoro, bromo, methoxy, cyano, amino, carboxy, 2-cyanophenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, (3-cyanopyrazol-1-yl), (4- cyanopyrazol-1-yl), (5-chloropyrazol-1-yl), (4-chloropyrazol-1-yl), (3-chloropyrazol-1-yl), (5-fluoropyrazol-1-yl), (4-fluoropyrazol-1-yl), (3-fluoropyrazol-1-yl), (3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl), (5-methylpyrazol-1-yl), (4- methylpyrazol-1-yl), (3-methylpyrazol-1-yl), pyrazol-1-yl, cyclopropyl, and 1 -cyanocyclopropyl.
  • R 9 and R 10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, amino, C1-C4 alkoxy, phenyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl or C3-C6 cycloalky; wherein said 5- or 6- membered heteroaryl comprises 1 heteroatom selected from N; and wherein any of said phenyl, 5- or 6- membered heteroaryl and Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, or methyl.
  • R 9 and R 10 are independently selected from hydrogen, chloro, bromo, methoxy, cyano, amino, 2-cyanophenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, (3-cyanopyrazol-1-yl), (4-cyanopyrazol-1-yl), (3,5- dimethylpyrazol-1-yl), (5-methylpyrazol-1-yl), (4-methylpyrazol-1-yl), (3-methylpyrazol-1-yl), pyrazol-1-yl, cyclopropyl, or 1 -cyanocyclopropyl. Even more preferably R 10 and R 11 are independently selected from hydrogen, chloro, bromo, cyano, or amino. In another embodiment of the invention R 9 and R 10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano. More preferably R 10 and R 11 are independently selected from hydrogen, chloro, bromo, or cyano.
  • R 11 and R 12 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, or C1-C4 alkoxy.
  • R 11 and R 12 are independently selected from hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, or methyl. More preferably R 11 and R 12 are hydrogen.
  • Z 1 is selected from 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, pyrazin-2-yl, pyridazin-3-yl, pyridazin-4- yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, or pyrimidin-5-yl; wherein any of said pyridyl-, pyrazin- pyridazine, or pyrimidin- moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, Ci- 04 haloalkyl, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl, C2-C4 alkynyl, C1-C4 haloalkoxy, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkylsulfanyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfinyl, or C1-C4 alkyl
  • Z 1 is selected from 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4- pyridyl, pyrazin-2-yl, pyridazin-3-yl, pyridazin-4-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, or pyrimidin-5-yl; wherein any of said pyridyl-, pyrazin- pyridazine or pyrimidin-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or C1-C4 alkyl.
  • Z 1 is selected from 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, pyrazin-2-yl, pyridazin-3-yl, pyridazin-4-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin- 4-yl, or pyrimidin-5-yl; wherein any of said pyridyl-, pyrazin- pyridazine or pyrimidin-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from fluorine, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, or methyl.
  • Z 1 is selected from 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, pyrazin-2-yl, pyridazin-3-yl, pyridazin-4-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, or pyrimidin-5-yl; wherein any of said pyridyl-, pyrazin- pyridazine or pyrimidin-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents selected from fluorine.
  • Z 1 is selected from 5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl, 3,6-difluoro- 2-pyridyl, 4,6-difluoro-2-pyridyl, 4,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl, 5,6-difluoro-2-pyridyl, 3-fluoro-4-pyridyl, 2-fluoro-4- pyridyl, 2,3-difluoro-4-pyridyl, 2,5-difluoro-4-pyridyl, 2,6-difluoro-4-pyridyl, 3,5-difluoro-4-pyridyl, 2,5-difluoro-4- pyridyl, 2-fluoro-3-pyridyl, 6-fluoro-3-pyridyl, 5-fluoro-3-pyridyl, 4-fluoro-3-pyridyl, 2,6-difluoro-3-pyridyl,
  • Z 1 is selected from 3-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 5-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 6-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 3,4-difluoro-2-pyridyl, 3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl, 2-fluoro-4-pyridyl, 5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl, 5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl, 4-fluoropyridazin-3-yl, 5- fluoropyridazin-3-yl, 4,5-difluoropyridazin-3-yl, or 5-fluoropyridazin-4-yl.
  • Z 1 is selected from 3- fluoro-2-pyridyl, 5-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 3,4-difluoro-2-pyridyl, 3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl, 2,6-difluoro-3-pyridyl, 4- fluoropyridazin-3-yl, 4,5-difluoropyridazin-3-yl or 5-fluoropyridazin-4-yl.
  • Z 1 is selected from 3-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 5-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 3,4-difluoro-2-pyridyl, 2,6-difluoro-3-pyridyl, or 3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl. Most preferably Z 1 is selected from 3-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 5-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 3,4-difluoro-2-pyridyl, 2,6-difluoro-3- pyridyl, or 3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl.
  • Z 1 is 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl, C2-C4 alkynyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, C1-C4 haloalkoxy, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkylsulfanyl, Ci- 04 alkylsulfinyl, or C1-C4 alkylsulfonyl.
  • substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl, C2-C4 alkynyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, C1-C4 haloalkoxy, C1-C4
  • Z 1 is 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or C1-C4 alkyl. More preferably Z 1 is 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents selected from fluorine.
  • Z 1 is 3-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 5-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 3,4-difluoro-2-pyridyl, 3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl, or 2,6- difluoro-3-pyridyl. Even more preferably Z 1 is 3-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 5-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 3,4-difluoro-2-pyridyl, 2,6- difluoro-3-pyridyl, or 3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl.
  • Z 1 is 2,6-difluoro-3-pyridyl, or 3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl. In one embodiment Z 1 is 2,6-difluoro-3-pyridyl. In another embodiment Z 1 is 3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl.
  • Z 1 is selected from a 6-membered heteroaryl; wherein said heteroaryl comprises 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N; and wherein said 6-membered heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C2-C4 alkynyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 haloalkoxy, C1-C4 alkylsulfanyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfinyl, or Ci-C4 alkylsulfonyl.
  • Z 1 is selected from a 6-membered heteroaryl; wherein said heteroaryl comprises 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N; and wherein said 6-membered heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, C1-C4 haloalkoxy, or C1-C4 alkoxy.
  • Z 1 is selected from a 6-membered heteroaryl; wherein said heteroaryl comprises 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N; and wherein said 6-membered heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents independently selected from halogen or C1-C4 haloalkyl. More preferably Z 1 is selected from a 6-membered heteroaryl; wherein said heteroaryl comprises 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N; and wherein said 6-membered heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents selected from fluorine.
  • Z 1 is selected from a 6-membered heteroaryl; wherein said heteroaryl comprises 1 heteroatom selected from N; and wherein said 6-membered heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, C1-C4 haloalkoxy, or C1-C4 alkoxy.
  • Z 1 is selected from a 6-membered heteroaryl; wherein said heteroaryl comprises 1 heteroatom selected from N; and wherein said 6-membered heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents independently selected from halogen or C1-C4 haloalkyl. More preferably Z 1 is selected from a 6-membered heteroaryl; wherein said heteroaryl comprises 1 heteroatom selected from N; and wherein said 6-membered heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents selected from fluorine.
  • the present invention accordingly, makes available a compound of formula (I) having R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , R 7 , R 8 , B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , B 4 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 and Z 1 as defined above in all combinations I each permutation.
  • Embodiments according to the invention are provided as set out below.
  • R 1 is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, or Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl;
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, C3-C6- cycloalkyl, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonyl, N-Ci-C4-alkoxy-Ci-C4-alkyl-carbonimidoyl, N-hydroxy-Ci-C4-alkyl- carbonimidoyl, or Ci-C4-alkoxycarbonyl;
  • R 3 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, or Ci-C4-alkyl
  • R 4 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, cyano, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonyl, Ci-C4-alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C4- alkylaminocarbonyl, or di(Ci-C4-alkylamino)carbonyl;
  • R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or Ci-C4-alkyl
  • a 1 , A 2 and A 3 are independently selected from CR 7 , N, NR 8 , O, or S, with the proviso that at least one of A 1 , A 2 and A 3 is selected from N, O, or S, and that no more than one of A 1 , A 2 and A 3 is O or S;
  • R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, or C2-C4-alkynyl;
  • B 1 is CR 9 or N
  • B 2 is CR 10 or N
  • B 3 is CR 11 or N
  • B 4 is CR 12 or N, with the proviso that only one of B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , and B 4 is N;
  • R 10 , R 11 , R 12 and R 13 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, amino, hydroxy, carboxylic acid, cyano, Ci-C4-alkyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy, Ci-C4-haloalkoxy, C2-C4-alkenyloxy, C2-C4-alkynyloxy, C1-C4 alkylsulfanyl, Ci-C4-alkylsulflnyl, Ci-C4-alkylsulfonyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy-Ci-C4 alkyl, N-Ci-C4-alkylamino, N,N-di(Ci- C4-alkyl)amino, Ci-C4-alkoxycarbonyl, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonyl, N-Ci-C4alkoxy-Ci-C4alkyl-carbonimidoyl, N- hydroxy-
  • Z 1 is selected from 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, pyrazin-2-yl, pyridazin-3-yl, pyridazin-4-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, or pyrimidin-5-yl; wherein any of said pyridyl-, pyrazin- pyridazine, and pyrimidin-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, cyano, Ci-C4-alkyl, Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, Ci-C4-haloalkoxy, Ci-C4-alkoxy, Ci-C4-alkylsulfanyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfinyl, or Ci-C4-alkylsul
  • R 1 is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, or Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl;
  • R 2 is selected from Ci-C4-alkoxy, Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C4-alkyoxy, or Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C4-alkyoxy-Ci-C2-alkyoxy;
  • R 3 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, or Ci-C4-alkyl
  • R 4 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, cyano, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonyl, Ci-C4-alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C4- alkylaminocarbonyl, or di(Ci-C4-alkylamino)carbonyl;
  • R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or Ci-C4-alkyl
  • a 1 , A 2 and A 3 are independently selected from CR 7 , N, NR 8 , O, or S, with the proviso that at least one of A 1 , A 2 and A 3 is selected from N, O, or S, and that no more than one of A 1 , A 2 and A 3 is O or S;
  • R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, or C2-C4-alkynyl;
  • B 1 is CR 9 or N
  • B 2 is CR 10 or N
  • B 3 is CR 11 or N
  • B 4 is CR 12 or N, with the proviso that only one of B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , and B 4 is N;
  • R 10 , R 11 , R 12 and R 13 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, amino, hydroxy, carboxylic acid, cyano, Ci-C4-alkyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy, Ci-C4-haloalkoxy, C2-C4-alkenyloxy, C2-C4-alkynyloxy, C1-C4 alkylsulfanyl, Ci-C4-alkylsulfinyl, Ci-C4-alkylsulfonyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy-Ci-C4 alkyl, N-Ci-C4-alkylamino, N,N-di(Ci- C4-alkyl)amino, Ci-C4-alkoxycarbonyl, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonyl, N-Ci-C4alkoxy-Ci-C4alkyl-carbonimidoyl, N- hydroxy-C
  • Z 1 is selected from 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, pyrazin-2-yl, pyridazin-3-yl, pyridazin-4-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, or pyrimidin-5-yl; wherein any of said pyridyl-, pyrazin- pyridazine, and pyrimidin-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, cyano, Ci-C4-alkyl, Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, Ci-C4-haloalkoxy, Ci-C4-alkoxy, Ci-C4-alkylsulfanyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfinyl, or Ci-C4-alkylsul
  • the compound of formula (I) may be a compound of formula (l-A), wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , B 4 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 and Z 1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I) according to the present invention, and A is selected from one of A1 to A36, and wherein R 8 is selected from methyl.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , B 4 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 and Z 1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I) according to the present invention, and A is selected from A1 , A4, A6, A7, A9, A10, A13, or A15:
  • the compound of formula (I) may be a compound of formula (I-A1), wherein B 1 is CR 9 , B 2 is CR 10 , B 3 is CR 11 and B 4 is CR 12 , and A is as defined as for the compounds of formula (I-A1) wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 and Z 1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
  • R 1 is Ci-Cs alkyl
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, Ci-Cs alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen
  • A is as defined as for compounds of formula (l-A)
  • R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 and Z 1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
  • R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen
  • A is A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10
  • R 9 , R 10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano
  • R 11 , R 12 are hydrogen
  • Z 1 is as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
  • R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen
  • A is A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10
  • R 9 , R 10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano
  • R 11 , R 12 are hydrogen
  • Z 1 is 2- pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or C1-C4 alkyl.
  • R 1 is methyl;
  • R 2 is hydrogen, chlorine, methyl, or cyclopropyl;
  • R 3 is hydrogen;
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl;
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen;
  • A is A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10;
  • R 9 , R 10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano;
  • R 11 , R 12 are hydrogen;
  • Z 1 is 2-pyridyl, 3- pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or Ci-C4 alkyl.
  • R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, or C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen
  • A is A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10
  • R 9 , R 10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano
  • R 11 , R 12 are hydrogen
  • Z 1 is 2-pyridyl, 3- pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents selected from fluorine.
  • R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen
  • A is A4, or A9
  • R 9 , R 10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano
  • R 11 , R 12 are hydrogen
  • Z 1 is 2-pyridyl, 3- pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents selected from fluorine.
  • R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 2 is Ci-Cs-alkoxy, C1- C2-alkyl-Ci-C3-alkyoxy, or Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C3-alkyoxy-Ci-C2-alkyoxy
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen
  • A is as defined as for compounds of formula (l-A)
  • R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 and Z 1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
  • R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 2 is Ci-Cs-alkoxy, Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C3-alkyoxy, or Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C3-alkyoxy-Ci-C2-alkyoxy
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen
  • A is A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10
  • R 9 , R 10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano
  • R 11 , R 12 are hydrogen
  • Z 1 is as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
  • R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 2 is Ci-Cs-alkoxy, Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C3-alkyoxy, or Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C3-alkyoxy-Ci-C2-alkyoxy
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen
  • A is A4, A7, A9, or A10
  • R 9 , R 10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano
  • R 11 , R 12 are hydrogen
  • Z 1 is 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or C1-C4 alkyl.
  • R 1 is methyl;
  • R 2 is Ci-Cs-alkoxy, or Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C3-alkyoxy;
  • R 3 is hydrogen;
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl;
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen;
  • A is A4, A7, A9, or A10;
  • R 9 , R 10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano;
  • R 11 , R 12 are hydrogen;
  • Z 1 is 2-pyridyl, 3- pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or Ci-C4 alkyl.
  • R 1 is Ci-Cs alkyl
  • R 2 is Ci-Cs-alkoxy, or Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C3-alkyoxy
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen; A is A4, A7, A9, or A10; R 9 , R 10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano; R 11 , R 12 are hydrogen; and Z 1 is 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl- moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents selected from fluorine.
  • the compound of formula (I) may be a compound of formula (I-A2), wherein B 1 is N, B 2 is CR 10 , B 3 is CR 11 and B 4 is CR 12 , and A is as defined as for the compounds of formula
  • R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen
  • A is as defined as for compounds of formula (l-A)
  • R 2 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 and Z 1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
  • R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen
  • A is as defined as for compounds of formula (l-A)
  • R 10 , R 11 , R 12 and Z 1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
  • R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen
  • A is A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10
  • R 10 is hydrogen, halogen, or cyano
  • R 11 , R 12 are hydrogen
  • Z 1 is as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
  • R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen
  • A is A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10
  • R 10 is hydrogen, halogen, or cyano
  • R 11 , R 12 are hydrogen
  • Z 1 is 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or Ci-C4 alkyl.
  • the compound of formula (I) may be a compound of formula (I-A3), wherein B 1 is CR 9 , B 2 is N, B 3 is CR 11 and B 4 is CR 12 , and A is as defined as for the compounds of formula (I- A) : w 1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
  • R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen
  • A is as defined as for compounds of formula (l-A)
  • R 2 , R 9 , R 11 , R 12 and Z 1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
  • R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen
  • A is as defined as for compounds of formula (l-A)
  • R 9 , R 11 , R 12 and Z 1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
  • R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen
  • A is A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10
  • R 9 is hydrogen, halogen, or cyano
  • R 11 , R 12 are hydrogen
  • Z 1 is as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
  • R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen
  • A is A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10
  • R 9 is hydrogen, halogen, or cyano
  • R 11 , R 12 are hydrogen
  • Z 1 is 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or Ci-C4 alkyl.
  • the compound of formula (I) may be a compound of formula (I-A4), wherein B 1 is CR 9 , B 2 is CR 10 , B 3 is N and B 4 is CR 12 , and A is as defined as for the compounds of formula (I- w 1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
  • R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen
  • A is as defined as for compounds of formula (l-A)
  • R 2 , R 9 , R 10 , R 12 and Z 1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
  • R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen
  • A is as defined as for compounds of formula (l-A)
  • R 9 , R 10 , R 12 and Z 1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
  • R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen
  • A is A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10
  • R 9 , R 10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano
  • R 12 is hydrogen
  • Z 1 is as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
  • R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen
  • A is A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10
  • R 9 , R 10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano
  • R 12 is hydrogen
  • Z 1 is 2-pyridyl, 3- pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or Ci-C4 alkyl.
  • the compound of formula (I) may be a compound of formula (I-A5), wherein B 1 is CR 9 , B 2 is CR 10 , B 3 is CR 11 and B 4 is N, and A is as defined as for the compounds of formula (I- A) : w 1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
  • R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen
  • A is as defined as for compounds of formula (l-A)
  • R 2 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and Z 1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
  • R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen
  • A is as defined as for compounds of formula (l-A)
  • R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and Z 1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
  • R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen
  • A is A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10
  • R 9 , R 10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano
  • R 11 is hydrogen
  • Z 1 is as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
  • R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen
  • A is A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10
  • R 9 , R 10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano
  • R 11 is hydrogen
  • Z 1 is 2-pyridyl, 3- pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or Ci-C4 alkyl.
  • any of the compounds selected from compounds of formula (I), (l-A), (I-A1), (I-A2), (I-A3), (I-A4), or (l-A5), or compounds selected from compounds listed in Tables A-1 to A-23, or compounds listed in Table P (below), according to the invention means that the compounds may occur in chiral isomeric forms, i.e., enantiomeric or diastereomeric forms.
  • the compound of formula (I) according to the invention is selected from compounds listed in any one of Tables A-1 to A-23.
  • the compound of formula (I) according to the invention is selected from compounds as listed in Table P (below).
  • the compound of formula (I) according to the invention is selected from N- [2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide, N-[2- (6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxamide,
  • the compound of formula (I) according to the invention is selected from N- [2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-[5-(methoxymethyl)-1-methyl-pyrazol-4-yl]propyl]-5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-
  • an intermediate compound of formula (III) or a salt thereof wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , B 4 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , and R 12 correspond to the same definitions as for the compounds of formula (I) according to the present invention.
  • the intermediate compounds of formula (III) possess the same definitions for R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , B 4 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , and R 12 as for the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention and their corresponding preferences.
  • R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen
  • B 1 is CR 9
  • B 2 is CR 10
  • B 3 is CR 11
  • B 4 is CR 12
  • R 9 , R 10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano
  • R 11 is hydrogen
  • Z 1 is as defined for the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention and their corresponding preferences.
  • R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs- Ce-cyclopropyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen
  • B 1 is CR 9
  • B 2 is CR 10
  • B 3 is CR 11
  • B 4 is CR 12
  • R 9 , R 10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano
  • R 11 is hydrogen
  • Z 1 is 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or C1-C4 alkyl.
  • R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce-cyclopropyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen
  • B 1 is CR 9
  • B 2 is CR 10
  • B 3 is CR 11
  • B 4 is CR 12
  • R 9 , R 10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano
  • R 11 is hydrogen
  • Z 1 is 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents selected from fluorine.
  • asymmetric carbon atoms in a compound of formula (III) means that the compounds may occur in chiral isomeric forms, i.e., enantiomeric or diastereomeric forms.
  • the intermediate compounds of formula (II) possess the same definitions for A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , and Z 1 as for the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention and their corresponding preferences.
  • the intermediate of formula (II) may be a compound of formula (11-1): wherein Z 1 is as defined for the compounds of formula (I) according to the present invention, and A is selected from A1 to A36, as defined above for compounds of formula (l-A).
  • Z 1 is as defined for the compounds of formula (I) according to the present invention, and A is selected from A4, A7, A9, or A10,
  • A is selected from A4, A7, A9, or A10, and Z 1 is 2- pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or C1-C4 alkyl.
  • A is selected from A4, A7, A9, or A10, and Z 1 is 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4- pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents selected from fluorine.
  • the compounds of formula (I) according to the present invention can be made as shown in the following Schemes below, in which, unless otherwise stated, the definition of each variable is as defined above for a compound of formula (I).
  • the presence of one or more possible asymmetric carbon atoms in a compound of formula (I) according to the invention means that the compounds may occur in chiral isomeric forms, i.e., enantiomeric or diastereomeric forms.
  • Compounds of formula (I) may be prepared from compounds of formula (III) by reaction with a compound of formula (II) using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) or N-(3- Dimethylaminopropyl)-N’-ethylcarbodiimide (EDAC HCI) together with an additive such as 1- hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt), Hydroxy-3, 4-dihydro-4-oxo-1 ,2, 3-benzotriazine (HODhbt), N- hydroxysuccinimide (HOSu), 1-Hydroxy-7-aza-1 H-benzotriazole (HOAt) or 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP).
  • DCC dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
  • DIC diisopropylcarbodiimide
  • EDAC HCI N-(3- Dimethylaminopropyl)
  • compounds of formula (I) may be prepared by reacting a compound of formula (Ila) with a compound of formula (III) in an inert solvent such as tetra hydrofuran (THF), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), dichloromethane (DCM), toluene and the like, optionally in the presence of an inorganic base, for example aqueous sodium hydroxide, or potassium carbonate, or in the presence of an organic base such as trimethylamine (TEA) or diisopropyl amine.
  • THF tetra hydrofuran
  • EtOAc ethyl acetate
  • DCM dichloromethane
  • TMA trimethylamine
  • diisopropyl amine diisopropyl amine
  • Compounds of formula (Ila), wherein X° is halogen, preferably chlorine, can be prepared from compounds of formula (II) by treatment with a halogenating agent, such as thionyl chloride (SOCI2), or oxalyl chloride (COCI2), in an inert solvent as noted above, optionally in the presence of catalytic quantities of N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) (Scheme 2).
  • a halogenating agent such as thionyl chloride (SOCI2), or oxalyl chloride (COCI2)
  • Grignard reagents R 5 MgBr or R 6 MgBr, wherein R 5 and R 6 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I) may be added as nucleophiles to compounds of formula (IV), sequentially or simultaneously, to allow more highly substituted amines of formula (III) to be prepared.
  • Such Grignard additions to nitriles are carried out in an inert solvent such as diethyl ether, tert-butylmethyl ether, and cyclopentyl methyl ether in the presence of a Lewis acid such as Ti(O-'Pr)4 (see Synlett 2007, (4), 652-654). This reaction is shown in Scheme 3.
  • compounds of formula (IV), wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , B 1 , B 2 , B 3 and B 4 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I) and R 4 is different from hydrogen may be prepared by a person skilled in the art by deprotonation of compound of formula (IVa), wherein R 4 is hydrogen, and R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , B 1 , B 2 , B 3 and B 4 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I), using a strong base such as n-butyl lithium or sodium hydride at cryogenic temperatures in an inert solvent such as THF, followed by addition of a suitable alkylating agent R 4 -X°, wherein X° is halogen, for example iodomethane.
  • Compounds of formula (IVa), wherein R 4 is hydrogen, and R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , B 1 , B 2 , B 3 and B 4 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I), may be prepared from alcohols of formula (V) by treatment with cyanotrimethylsilane (TMSCN) in the presence of a base such as lithium carbonate in a nonpolar solvent such as DCM at temperatures between 0°C and the boiling point of the reaction mixture.
  • TMSCN cyanotrimethylsilane
  • Compounds of formula (V) may be prepared from compounds of formula (VI), respectively from any of compounds of formula (Via), (Vlb), (Vic), (Vid) or (Vie), as shown in Scheme 5.
  • Such metal insertions into C- X 01 bonds are well known to those skilled in the art and are generally carried out at temperatures between - 78°C to room temperature, in inert solvents such as ethers, e.g., tert-butyl methyl ether or THF and the like.
  • Solutions of the metallated species (Vila) are then treated with compounds of formula (VI), respectively (Via), (Vlb), (Vic), (Vid), or (Vie) to give compounds of formula (V).
  • Similar reactions of these type have been described in for example WO2012/102297 and Bio. Med. Chem. Lett. 2017, 27(17), 4044-4050 (X 01 is Br, n- butyl lithium) and Ang. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, 55(17), 5332-5336, US 2014/0349990, WG2002/004424, WG2021/009068 (X 01 is I, Turbo Grignard).
  • compounds according to the invention can be prepared by derivatization at a later stage in the synthesis using a key central intermediate.
  • compounds of formula (I) wherein B 1 is C-X 04 , B 2 is CR 10 , B 3 is CR 11 , B 4 is CR 12 , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , A 1 , A 2 , A 3 and Z 1 are as defined above for the compounds of formula (I), and X 04 is halogen, preferably bromine or chlorine, i.e.
  • compounds of formula (la) allow further chemistry to be carried out such as palladium catalysed carbonylations, Suzuki reactions, Stille couplings, copper catalysed introduction of sulfonyl groups, haloalkyl groups, and cyano moieties, as well as SnAr reactions with a variety of nucleophiles. Examples of such reactions are shown in Scheme 11 .
  • the reaction is catalyzed by a palladium-based catalyst, for example tefra/ «s(triphenylphosphine)-palladium or (1 ,1 '-bis(diphenylphosphino)-ferrocene)dichloropalladium- dichloromethane (1 :1 complex), in presence of a base, like sodium carbonate or cesium fluoride, in a solvent or a solvent mixture, like, for example, a mixture of 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane and water, or dioxane and water, or methyl THF and water, preferably under inert atmosphere.
  • the reaction temperature can preferentially range from room temperature to the boiling point of the reaction mixture.
  • Suzuki reactions are well known to those skilled in the art and have been reviewed, for example, in J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 576, 147-168.
  • compounds of formula (Ic) can be prepared by a Stille reaction of compounds of formula (XVIIb), wherein Yb2 is a trialkyl tin derivative, preferably tri-n-butyl tin, with compounds of formula (la).
  • Such Stille reactions are carried out in the presence of a palladium catalyst, for example fefrak/s(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or (1 ,1 '-bis(diphenylphosphino)-ferrocene)dichloropalladium- dichloromethane (1 :1 complex), in an inert solvent such as DMF, acetonitrile, or dioxane, optionally in the presence of an additive, such as cesium fluoride, or lithium chloride, and optionally in the presence of a further catalyst, for example copper(l) iodide.
  • a palladium catalyst for example fefrak/s(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or (1 ,1 '-bis(diphenylphosphino)-ferrocene)dichloropalladium- dichloromethane (1 :1 complex
  • an inert solvent such as DMF, acetonitrile, or dioxan
  • Compounds of formula (If) can be converted to compound of formula (Ig), wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , A 1 , A 2 , A 3 and Z 1 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I), and R 13 is hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl by treatment of compounds of formula (If) with compounds of formula (XIX) (or a salt thereof), wherein R 13 is hydrogen or Ci-C4 alkyl, in an inert solvent such as methanol, ethanol, THF, methyl-THF, optionally in the presence of an inorganic base such as sodium or potassium carbonate, or organic bases such as triethylamine and the like.
  • an inorganic base such as sodium or potassium carbonate, or organic bases such as triethylamine and the like.
  • compounds of formula (la) can be carbonylated to give compounds of formula (I), wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , A 1 , A 2 , A 3 and Z 1 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I), and R 14 is C1-C4 alkyl, namely compounds of formula (Ih).
  • compounds of formula (la) are reacted with carbon monoxide, usually under pressure, in the presence of metal catalyst such as a palladium catalyst (for example, palladium ⁇ I) acetate, [1 ,1 '-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene] palladium ⁇ I) dichloride Pd(dppf)Cl2, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(ll) dichloride PdCl2(PPfi3)2 or bis(diphenylphosphino)propane]palladium(ll) dichloride PdCh(dippp)), optionally in the presence of a phosphine ligand such as triphenylphosphine or 1 ,1 '-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene, in an alcohol R 14 OH solvent (typically methanol or ethanol), wherein R 14 is C1-C4 alkyl, optionally in the presence of a phosphine ligand such
  • a base such as for example trimethylamine
  • Such carbonylation reactions are well known to those skilled in the art and also in the literature (see J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 7102-7107, and references cited therein).
  • Such compounds of formula (Ih) can be easily saponified to compounds of formula (li) under conditions known to those skilled in the art, for example_conditions such as aqueous sodium, potassium or lithium hydroxide in methanol, ethanol, THF or dioxane at room temperature, or up to refluxing conditions.
  • ester compounds of formula (Ih) with halide anions preferably chloride anions, originating from, for example, lithium chloride (or alternatively, sodium or potassium chloride), in solvents such as DMF, N,N-dimethylacetamide or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, may also generate the carboxylic acid compounds of formula (li).
  • halide anions preferably chloride anions, originating from, for example, lithium chloride (or alternatively, sodium or potassium chloride), in solvents such as DMF, N,N-dimethylacetamide or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
  • solvents such as DMF, N,N-dimethylacetamide or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
  • organo- azide examples include TMSN3, sodium azide, diphenyl phosphoryl azide or tosyl azide and suitable solvent may be toluene, xylene, THF or acetonitrile.
  • suitable Lewis acids may include Zn(OTf)2 amongst others.
  • the isocyanates formed in the rearrangement react with water to form carbamates which decarboxylate under the reaction conditions to the corresponding amines of formula (Ik).
  • the reactions can be carried out in alcohols, e.g., t-butyl alcohol, allowing the t-butyl carbamates to be isolated.
  • compounds of formula (lie) wherein Z 1 is as described above and X 05 is C1-C4 alkyl may be prepared by hydrolysis of compounds of formula (lib) by treatment with, for example, an alkaline earth metal hydroxide in water, or with a water miscible organic solvent, such as THF, methanol, ethanol and the like.
  • a water miscible organic solvent such as THF, methanol, ethanol and the like.
  • Compounds of formula (lib) can be obtained by the treatment of compounds of formula (XXIII) wherein Z 1 is as defined above for the compound of formula (I) and X 05 is C1-C4 alkyl with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in a polar solvent, for example ethanol and optionally in the presence of a base, e.g., TEA, K2CO3 and the like.
  • a polar solvent for example ethanol
  • a base e.g., TEA, K2CO3 and the like.
  • compounds of formula (He) are obtained by ester hydrolysis of compounds of formula (lid) as described previously in scheme 14.
  • Compounds of formula (lid), wherein Z 1 is as defined under formula (I) and X 05 is C1-C4 alkyl are prepared by reaction of compounds of formula (XXIIa) with compounds of formula (XXIV), optionally in the presence of base, for example pyridine or triethylamine, in a solvent such as acetonitrile, chloroform or THF. Similar reactions have been reported in for example Bioorg. & Med. Chem. 2016, 24(22), 5693-5701 and CN114933573.
  • Compounds of formula (XXVII) can also be prepared by reaction of activated carboxylic acids of formula (XXIXa), wherein Z 1 and X 05 are as described as previously and in Scheme 1 respectively with compounds of formula (XXX).
  • Compounds of formula (XXIXa) can be prepared from the corresponding acids of formula (XXIX) as described in scheme 1. Such reactions are described for example in, for example, J. Prakt. Chem. 1985, 327, 109-116.
  • compounds of formula (Ilk) are readily obtained by hydrolysis of esters of formula (llj) by methods known to those skilled in the art and described vide supra.
  • Compounds of formula (llj) can be obtained by reaction of compounds of formula (XXXI) with compounds of formula (XXXII) in the presence of an oxidizing agent, for example (diacetoxyiodo)benzene or N-chlorosuccinimide, in an inert solvent such as methanol or DMF respectively.
  • an oxidizing agent for example (diacetoxyiodo)benzene or N-chlorosuccinimide
  • an inert solvent such as methanol or DMF respectively.
  • Such reaction sequences have been described, for example, in J. Het. Chem. 2013, 50(4), 774-780 and J. Chin. Chem. See. 2007, 54(3), 643-652.
  • Compounds of formula (XXXI) are readily prepared from compounds of formula (XXXIII),
  • a compound of formula (I) as defined in any of the embodiments of the present invention can be converted in a manner known per se into another compound as defined in any of the embodiments of the present invention by replacing one or more substituents of the starting compound in the customary manner by (an)other substituent(s) according to the invention.
  • compounds of formula (I) can be further transformed to further derivatives of formula (I) by, for example, alkylation, nucleophilic substitution, elimination, C-C-bond forming reactions in the presence of metal catalysts, heteroatom-carbon bond formation in the presence of metal catalysts, oxidation, and reduction.
  • Salts of compounds of formula (I) may be prepared in a manner known perse.
  • acid addition salts of compounds of formula (I) are obtained by treatment with a suitable acid or a suitable ion exchanger reagent and salts with bases are obtained by treatment with a suitable base or with a suitable ion exchanger reagent.
  • Salts of compounds of formula (I) can be converted in the customary manner into the free compounds (I), acid addition salts, for example, by treatment with a suitable basic compound or with a suitable ion exchanger reagent and salts with bases, for example, by treatment with a suitable acid or with a suitable ion exchanger reagent.
  • Salts of compounds of formula (I) can be converted in a manner known per se into other salts of compounds of formula (I), acid addition salts, for example, into other acid addition salts, for example by treatment of a salt of inorganic acid such as hydrochloride with a suitable metal salt such as a sodium, barium or silver salt, of an acid, for example with silver acetate, in a suitable solvent in which an inorganic salt which forms, for example silver chloride, is insoluble and thus precipitates from the reaction mixture.
  • a salt of inorganic acid such as hydrochloride
  • a suitable metal salt such as a sodium, barium or silver salt
  • the compounds of formula (I), which have salt-forming properties can be obtained in free form or in the form of salts.
  • the compounds of formula (I) and, where appropriate, the tautomer’s thereof, in each case in free form or in salt form, can be present in the form of one of the isomers which are possible or as a mixture of these, for example in the form of pure isomers, such as antipodes and/or diastereomers, or as isomer mixtures, such as enantiomer mixtures, for example racemates, or diastereomer mixtures, depending on the number, absolute and relative configuration of asymmetric carbon atoms which occur in the molecule and/or depending on the configuration of non-aromatic double bonds which occur in the molecule, the invention relates to the pure isomers and also to all isomer mixtures which are possible and is to be understood in each case in this sense hereinabove and herein below, even when stereochemical details are not mentioned specifically in each case.
  • Diastereomeric mixtures or racemic mixtures of compounds of formula (I), in free form or in salt form, which can be obtained depending on which starting materials and procedures have been chosen can be separated in a known manner into the pure diastereomers or racemates on the basis of the physicochemical differences of the components, for example by fractional crystallization, distillation and/or chromatography.
  • Enantiomeric mixtures such as racemates, which can be obtained in a similar manner can be resolved into the optical antipodes by known methods, for example by recrystallization from an optically active solvent, by chromatography on chiral adsorbents, for example high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on acetyl cellulose, with the aid of suitable microorganisms, by cleavage with specific, immobilized enzymes, via the formation of inclusion compounds, for example using chiral crown ethers, where only one enantiomer is complexed, or by conversion into diastereomeric salts, for example by reacting a basic end-product racemate with an optically active acid, such as a carboxylic acid, for example camphor, tartaric or malic acid, or sulfonic acid, for example camphorsulfonic acid, and separating the diastereomer mixture which can be obtained in this manner, for example by fractional crystallization based on their differing solubilities, to give the di
  • Pure diastereomers or enantiomers can be obtained according to the invention not only by separating suitable isomer mixtures, but also by generally known methods of diastereoselective or enantioselective synthesis, for example by carrying out the process according to the invention with starting materials of a suitable stereochemistry.
  • compounds with more than one asymmetric carbon atoms may exist in diastereomeric forms which can be optionally separated using for example supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) chromatography with chiral columns.
  • SFC supercritical fluid chromatography
  • Such diastereomers can show a different fungicidal activity profile, but all isomers and diastereomers form part of this invention.
  • the compounds of formula (I) have at least two chiral carbon atoms, (two stereocenters, wherein the star (*) indicates the chiral carbon atom), such there are at least four stereoisomers available. These at least four stereoisomers consist of two sets of enantiomers.
  • the compounds of formula (I) and, where appropriate, the tautomers thereof, in each case in free form or in salt form, can, if appropriate, also be obtained in the form of hydrates and/or include other solvents, for example those which may have been used for the crystallization of compounds which are present in solid form.
  • the compounds of formula (I) of the present invention have, for practical purposes, a very advantageous level of biological activity for protecting plants against diseases that are caused by fungi.
  • the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention can be used in the agricultural sector and related fields of use, e.g., as active ingredients for controlling plant pests or on non-living materials for the control of spoilage microorganisms or organisms potentially harmful to man.
  • the novel compounds are distinguished by excellent activity at low rates of application, by being well tolerated by plants and by being environmentally safe. They have very useful curative, preventive and systemic properties and can be used for protecting numerous cultivated plants.
  • the compounds of formula (I) can be used to inhibit or destroy the pests that occur on plants or parts of plants (fruit, blossoms, leaves, stems, tubers, roots) of different crops of useful plants, while at the same time protecting also those parts of the plants that grow later, e.g., from phytopathogenic microorganisms.
  • the present invention further relates to a method for controlling or preventing infestation of plants or plant propagation material and/or harvested food crops susceptible to microbial attack by treating plants or plant propagation material and/or harvested food crops wherein an effective amount a compound of formula (I) according to the invention is applied to the plants, to parts thereof or the locus thereof.
  • fungicide as used herein means a compound that controls, modifies, or prevents the growth of fungi.
  • fungicidally effective amount where used means the quantity of such a compound or combination of such compounds that is capable of producing an effect on the growth of fungi. Controlling or modifying effects include all deviation from natural development, such as killing, retardation and the like, and prevention includes barrier or other defensive formation in or on a plant to prevent fungal infection.
  • compounds of formula (I) may also be possible to use compounds of formula (I) according to the invention as dressing agents for the treatment of plant propagation material, e.g., seed, such as fruits, tubers or grains, or plant cuttings, for the protection against fungal infections as well as against phytopathogenic fungi occurring in the soil.
  • the propagation material can be treated with a composition comprising a compound of formula (I) before planting: seed, for example, can be dressed before being sown.
  • the active compounds of formula (I) can also be applied to grains (coating), either by impregnating the seeds in a liquid formulation or by coating them with a solid formulation.
  • the composition can also be applied to the planting site when the propagation material is being planted, for example, to the seed furrow during sowing.
  • the invention relates also to such methods of treating plant propagation material and to the plant propagation material so treated.
  • the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention can be used for controlling fungi in related areas, for example in the protection of technical materials, including wood and wood related technical products, in food storage, in hygiene management.
  • the invention could be used to protect non-living materials from fungal attack, e.g., lumber, wall boards, and paint.
  • the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are for example, effective against fungi and fungal vectors of disease as well as phytopathogenic bacteria and viruses.
  • These fungi and fungal vectors of disease as well as phytopathogenic bacteria and viruses are for example: Absidia corymbifera, Altemaria spp., Aphanomyces spp., Ascochyta spp., Aspergillus spp. including A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, A. niger, A. terms, Aureobasidium spp. including A. pullulans, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Blumeria graminis, Bremia lactucae, Botryosphaeria spp.
  • Diaporthe spp. including Diaporthe miriciae (also known as Diaporthe ueckeri or Diaporthe ueckerae), Didymella spp., Drechslera spp., Elsinoe spp., Epidermophyton spp., Erwinia amylovora, Erysiphe spp. including E. cichoracearum, Eutypa lata, Fusarium spp. including F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. langsethiae, F.
  • capsulatum Laetisaria fuciformis, Leptographium lindbergi, Leveillula taurica, Lophodermium seditiosum, Microdochium nivale, Microsporum spp., Monilinia spp., Mucor spp., Mycosphaerella spp. including M. graminicola, M. pomi, Oncobasidium theobromaeon, Ophiostoma piceae, Paracoccidioides spp., Penicillium spp. including P. digitatum, P. italicum, Petriellidium spp., Peronosclerospora spp. including P. maydis, P.
  • leucotricha Polymyxa graminis, Polymyxa betae, Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, Pseudomonas spp., Pseudoperonospora spp. including P. cubensis, P. humuli, Pseudopeziza tracheiphila, Puccinia spp. including P. hordei, P. recondita, P. striiformis, P. triticina, Pyrenopeziza spp., Pyrenophora spp., Pyricularia spp. including P. oryzae, Pythium spp. including P.
  • the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention may be used for example on turf, ornamentals, such as flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees, or evergreens, for example conifers, as well as for tree injection, pest management and the like.
  • target crops and/or useful plants to be protected typically comprise perennial and annual crops, such as berry plants for example blackberries, blueberries, cranberries, raspberries and strawberries; cereals for example barley, maize (corn), millet, oats, rice, rye, sorghum triticale and wheat; fibre plants for example cotton, flax, hemp, jute and sisal; field crops for example sugar and fodder beet, coffee, hops, mustard, oilseed rape (canola), poppy, sugar cane, sunflower, tea and tobacco; fruit trees for example apple, apricot, avocado, banana, cherry, citrus, nectarine, peach, pear and plum; grasses for example Bermuda grass, bluegrass, bentgrass, centipede grass, fescue, ryegrass, St.
  • perennial and annual crops such as berry plants for example blackberries, blueberries, cranberries, raspberries and strawberries
  • cereals for example barley, maize (corn), millet, oats
  • Augustine grass and Zoysia grass herbs such as basil, borage, chives, coriander, lavender, lovage, mint, oregano, parsley, rosemary, sage and thyme; legumes for example beans, lentils, peas and soya beans; nuts for example almond, cashew, ground nut, hazelnut, peanut, pecan, pistachio and walnut; palms for example oil palm; ornamentals for example flowers, shrubs and trees; other trees, for example cacao, coconut, olive and rubber; vegetables for example asparagus, aubergine, broccoli, cabbage, carrot, cucumber, garlic, lettuce, marrow, melon, okra, onion, pepper, potato, pumpkin, rhubarb, spinach and tomato; and vines for example grapes.
  • herbs such as basil, borage, chives, coriander, lavender, lovage, mint, oregano, parsley, rosemary, sage and thyme
  • legumes for example beans, lentils, peas and soya beans
  • useful plants is to be understood as also including useful plants that have been rendered tolerant to herbicides like bromoxynil or classes of herbicides (such as, for example, HPPD inhibitors, ALS inhibitors, for example primisulfuron, prosulfuron and trifloxysulfuron, EPSPS (5-enol-pyrovyl-shikimate-3-phosphate- synthase) inhibitors, GS (glutamine synthetase) inhibitors or PPO (protoporphyrinogen-oxidase) inhibitors) as a result of conventional methods of breeding or genetic engineering.
  • herbicides like bromoxynil or classes of herbicides
  • ALS inhibitors for example primisulfuron, prosulfuron and trifloxysulfuron
  • EPSPS (5-enol-pyrovyl-shikimate-3-phosphate- synthase) inhibitors
  • GS glutamine synthetase
  • PPO protoporphyrinogen-oxida
  • An example of a crop that has been rendered tolerant to imidazolinones, e.g., imazamox, by conventional methods of breeding (mutagenesis) is Clearfield® summer rape (Canola).
  • crops that have been rendered tolerant to herbicides or classes of herbicides by genetic engineering methods include glyphosate- and glufosinate-resistant maize varieties commercially available under the trade names RoundupReady®, Herculex I® and LibertyLink®.
  • useful plants is to be understood as also including useful plants which have been so transformed by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that they are capable of synthesizing one or more selectively acting toxins, such as are known, for example, from toxin-producing bacteria, especially those of the genus Bacillus.
  • YieldGard® (maize variety that expresses a CrylA(b) toxin); YieldGard Rootworm® (maize variety that expresses a Cry I II B(b1 ) toxin); YieldGard Plus® (maize variety that expresses a CrylA(b) and a Cryl I IB(b1 ) toxin); Starlink® (maize variety that expresses a Cry9(c) toxin); Herculex I® (maize variety that expresses a CrylF(a2) toxin and the enzyme phosphinothricine N-acetyltransferase (PAT) to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium); NuCOTN 33B® (cotton variety that expresses a CrylA(c) toxin); Bollgard I® (cotton variety that expresses a CrylA(c) toxin); Bollgard II® (cotton
  • crops is to be understood as including also crop plants which have been so transformed using recombinant DNA techniques that they are capable of synthesizing one or more selectively acting toxins, such as are known, for example, from toxin-producing bacteria, especially those of the genus Bacillus.
  • Toxins that can be expressed by such transgenic plants include, for example, insecticidal proteins from Bacillus cereus or Bacillus popilliae; or insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as delta-endotoxins, e.g. CrylAb, CrylAc, Cry1 F, Cry1 Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1 or Cry9C, or vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip), e.g. Vip1 , Vip2, Vip3 or Vip3A; or insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonizing nematodes, for example Photorhabdus spp.
  • insecticidal proteins from Bacillus cereus or Bacillus popilliae such as delta-endotoxins, e.g. CrylAb, CrylAc, Cry1 F, Cry1 Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1 or Cry9C, or vegetative insecticidal proteins
  • Xenorhabdus spp. such as Photorhabdus luminescens, Xenorhabdus nematophilus
  • toxins produced by animals such as scorpion toxins, arachnid toxins, wasp toxins and other insect-specific neurotoxins
  • toxins produced by fungi such as Streptomycetes toxins, plant lectins, such as pea lectins, barley lectins or snowdrop lectins
  • agglutinins proteinase inhibitors, such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin, papain inhibitors
  • steroid metabolism enzymes such as 3-hydroxysteroidoxidase, ecdysteroid- UDP-glycosyl-transferase, cholesterol oxidases, ecd
  • delta-endotoxins for example CrylAb, CrylAc, Cry1 F, Cry1 Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1 or Cry9C, or vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip), for example Vip1 , Vip2, Vip3 or Vip3A, expressly also hybrid toxins, truncated toxins and modified toxins.
  • Hybrid toxins are produced recombinantly by a new combination of different domains of those proteins (see, for example, W002/15701).
  • Truncated toxins for example a truncated CrylAb, are known.
  • modified toxins one or more amino acids of the naturally occurring toxin are replaced.
  • amino acid replacements preferably non-naturally present protease recognition sequences are inserted into the toxin, such as, for example, in the case of Cry3A055, a cathepsin-G-recognition sequence is inserted into a Cry3A toxin (see W02003/018810).
  • toxins or transgenic plants capable of synthesizing such toxins are disclosed, for example, in EP-0374753, WO93/07278, WO95/34656, EP0427529, EP0451878 and W003/052073.
  • the toxin contained in the transgenic plants imparts to the plants tolerance to harmful insects.
  • insects can occur in any taxonomic group of insects but are especially commonly found in the beetles (Coleoptera), two-winged insects (Diptera) and butterflies (Lepidoptera).
  • Transgenic plants containing one or more genes that code for an insecticidal resistance and express one or more toxins are known and some of them are commercially available. Examples of such plants are: YieldGard® (maize variety that expresses a CrylAb toxin); YieldGard Rootworm® (maize variety that expresses a Cry3Bb1 toxin); YieldGard Plus® (maize variety that expresses a CrylAb and a Cry3Bb1 toxin); Starlink® (maize variety that expresses a Cry9C toxin); Herculex I® (maize variety that expresses a Cry1 Fa2 toxin and the enzyme phosphinothricine N-acetyltransferase (PAT) to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium); NuCOTN 33B® (cotton variety that expresses a CrylAc toxin); Bollgard I® (cotton variety that expresses a
  • transgenic crops are:
  • MIR604 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de I'Hobit 27, F-31 790 St. Sauveur, France, registration number C/FR/96/05/10. Maize which has been rendered insect-resistant by transgenic expression of a modified Cry3A toxin. This toxin is Cry3A055 modified by insertion of a cathepsin-G-protease recognition sequence. The preparation of such transgenic maize plants is described in W02003/018810.
  • MON 863 Maize from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/DE/02/9. MON 863 expresses a Cry3Bb1 toxin and has resistance to certain Coleoptera insects.
  • NK603 x MON 810 Maize from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B 1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/GB/02/M3/03. Consists of conventionally bred hybrid maize varieties by crossing the genetically modified varieties NK603 and MON 810.
  • NK603 x MON 810 Maize transgenically expresses the protein CP4 EPSPS, obtained from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4, which imparts tolerance to the herbicide Roundup® (contains glyphosate), and also a CrylAb toxin obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki which brings about tolerance to certain Lepidoptera, include the European corn borer.
  • the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention may be used in controlling or preventing phytopathogenic diseases, especially phytopathogenic fungi such as Alternaria species in fruits, vegetables and potatoes; Botrytis cinerea in strawberries, tomatoes, sunflower, pulse crops, vegetables and grapes; Rhizoctonia solani in potatoes and vegetables; Uncinula necator in grapes; Cladosporium cucumerinum, Didymella bryoniae, Sphaerotheca fuliginea and Glomerella lagenarium in cucurbits; Leveillula taurica in cucurbits and solanacious crops; Fusarium spp. in cereals; Leptosphaeria spp. in cereals; and Zymospetoria spp. in cereals.
  • phytopathogenic diseases especially phytopathogenic fungi such as Alternaria species in fruits, vegetables and potatoes; Botrytis cinerea in strawberries, tomatoes, sunflower, pulse crops, vegetables and grapes; Rhizoctonia solani in potatoes and vegetables; Uncinul
  • locus means fields in or on which plants are growing, or where seeds of cultivated plants are sown, or where seed will be placed into the soil. It includes soil, seeds, and seedlings, as well as established vegetation.
  • plants refers to all physical parts of a plant, including seeds, seedlings, saplings, roots, tubers, stems, stalks, foliage, and fruits.
  • plant propagation material is understood to denote generative parts of the plant, such as seeds, which can be used for the multiplication of the latter, and vegetative material, such as cuttings or tubers, for example potatoes.
  • vegetative material such as cuttings or tubers, for example potatoes.
  • seeds in the strict sense
  • roots in the strict sense
  • fruits in the tubers
  • bulbs rhizomes
  • parts of plants there can be mentioned for example seeds (in the strict sense), roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes and parts of plants.
  • Germinated plants and young plants which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from the soil may also be mentioned. These young plants can be protected before transplantation by a total or partial treatment by immersion.
  • plant propagation material is understood to denote seeds.
  • the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention may be used in unmodified form or, preferably, together with the adjuvants conventionally employed in the art of formulation. To this end they may be conveniently formulated in known manner to emulsifiable concentrates, coatable pastes, directly sprayable or dilutable solutions or suspensions, dilute emulsions, wettable powders, soluble powders, dusts, granulates, and also encapsulations e.g., in polymeric substances. As with the type of the compositions, the methods of application, such as spraying, atomising, dusting, scattering, coating, or pouring, are chosen in accordance with the intended objectives and the prevailing circumstances. The compositions may also contain further adjuvants such as stabilizers, antifoams, viscosity regulators, binders or tackifiers as well as fertilizers, micronutrient donors or other formulations for obtaining special effects.
  • Suitable carriers and adjuvants can be solid or liquid and are substances useful in formulation technology, e.g., natural or regenerated mineral substances, solvents, dispersants, wetting agents, tackifiers, thickeners, binders, or fertilizers.
  • Such carriers are for example described in WO1997/33890.
  • Suspension concentrates are aqueous formulations in which finely divided solid particles of the active compound are suspended. Such formulations include anti-settling agents and dispersing agents and may further include a wetting agent to enhance activity as well an anti-foam and a crystal growth inhibitor. In use, these concentrates are diluted in water and normally applied as a spray to the area to be treated. The amount of active ingredient may range from 0.5% to 95% of the concentrate.
  • Wettable powders are in the form of finely divided particles which disperse readily in water or other liquid carriers.
  • the particles contain the active ingredient retained in a solid matrix.
  • Typical solid matrices include fuller’s earth, kaolin clays, silicas and other readily wet organic or inorganic solids. Wettable powders normally contain from 5% to 95% of the active ingredient plus a small amount of wetting, dispersing or emulsifying agent.
  • Emulsifiable concentrates are homogeneous liquid compositions dispersible in water or other liquid and may consist entirely of the active compound with a liquid or solid emulsifying agent, or may also contain a liquid carrier, such as xylene, heavy aromatic naphthas, isophorone and other non-volatile organic solvents. In use, these concentrates are dispersed in water or other liquid and normally applied as a spray to the area to be treated. The amount of active ingredient may range from 0.5% to 95% of the concentrate.
  • Granular formulations include both extrudates and relatively coarse particles and are usually applied without dilution to the area in which treatment is required.
  • Typical carriers for granular formulations include sand, fuller’s earth, attapulgite clay, bentonite clays, montmorillonite clay, vermiculite, perlite, calcium carbonate, brick, pumice, pyrophyllite, kaolin, dolomite, plaster, wood flour, ground corn cobs, ground peanut hulls, sugars, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium silicate, sodium borate, magnesia, mica, iron oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, antimony oxide, cryolite, gypsum, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate and other organic or inorganic materials which absorb or which can be coated with the active compound.
  • Granular formulations normally contain 5% to 25% of active ingredients which may include surface-active agents such as heavy aromatic naphthas, kerosene and other petroleum fractions, or
  • Dusts are free-flowing admixtures of the active ingredient with finely divided solids such as talc, clays, flours, and other organic and inorganic solids which act as dispersants and carriers.
  • Microcapsules are typically droplets or granules of the active ingredient enclosed in an inert porous shell which allows escape of the enclosed material to the surroundings at controlled rates.
  • Encapsulated droplets are typically 1 to 50 microns in diameter.
  • the enclosed liquid typically constitutes 50 to 95% of the weight of the capsule and may include solvent in addition to the active compound.
  • Encapsulated granules are generally porous granules with porous membranes sealing the granule pore openings, retaining the active species in liquid form inside the granule pores.
  • Granules typically range from 1 millimetre to 1 centimetre and preferably 1 to 2 millimetres in diameter. Granules are formed by extrusion, agglomeration or prilling, or are naturally occurring.
  • Shell or membrane materials include natural and synthetic rubbers, cellulosic materials, styrene-butadiene copolymers, polyacrylonitriles, polyacrylates, polyesters, polyamides, polyureas, polyurethanes and starch xanthates.
  • compositions for agrochemical applications include simple solutions of the active ingredient in a solvent in which it is completely soluble at the desired concentration, such as acetone, alkylated naphthalenes, xylene and other organic solvents.
  • Pressurized sprayers wherein the active ingredient is dispersed in finely divided form as a result of vaporization of a low boiling dispersant solvent carrier, may also be used.
  • Suitable agricultural adjuvants and carriers that are useful in formulating the compositions of the invention in the formulation types described above are well known to a person skilled in the art.
  • Liquid carriers that can be employed include, for example, water, toluene, xylene, petroleum naphtha, crop oil, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acetic anhydride, acetonitrile, acetophenone, amyl acetate, 2- butanone, chlorobenzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, alkyl acetates, diacetonalcohol, 1 ,2-dichloropropane, diethanolamine, p diethylbenzene, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol abietate, diethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, N,N-dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1 ,4- dioxane, dipropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol dibenz
  • Suitable solid carriers include, for example, talc, titanium dioxide, pyrophyllite clay, silica, attapulgite clay, kieselguhr, chalk, diatomaxeous earth, lime, calcium carbonate, bentonite clay, fuller’s earth, cotton seed hulls, wheat flour, soybean flour, pumice, wood flour, walnut shell flour and lignin.
  • a broad range of surface-active agents are advantageously employed in both said liquid and solid compositions, especially those designed to be diluted with carrier before application.
  • These agents when used, normally comprise from 0.1 % to 15% by weight of the formulation. They can be anionic, cationic, non-ionic, or polymeric in character and can be employed as emulsifying agents, wetting agents, suspending agents or for other purposes.
  • Typical surface-active agents include salts of alkyl sulfates, such as diethanolammonium lauryl sulfate, alkylarylsulfonate salts, such as calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, alkylphenol-alkylene oxide addition products, such as nonylphenol-C.sub.
  • alcohol-alkylene oxide addition products such as tridecyl alcohol-C.sub. 16 ethoxylate
  • soaps such as sodium stearate
  • alkylnaphthalenesulfonate salts such as sodium dibutylnaphthalenesulfonate
  • dialkyl esters of sulfosuccinate salts such as sodium di(2 ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate
  • sorbitol esters such as sorbitol oleate
  • quaternary amines such as lauryl trimethylammonium chloride
  • polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids such as polyethylene glycol stearate
  • salts of mono and dialkyl phosphate esters such as mono and dialkyl phosphate esters.
  • adjuvants commonly utilized in agricultural compositions include crystallisation inhibitors, viscosity modifiers, suspending agents, spray droplet modifiers, pigments, antioxidants, foaming agents, anti-foaming agents, light-blocking agents, compatibilizing agents, antifoam agents, sequestering agents, neutralising agents and buffers, corrosion inhibitors, dyes, odorants, spreading agents, penetration aids, micronutrients, emollients, lubricants, and sticking agents.
  • biocidal active ingredients or compositions may be combined with the compositions of the invention and used in the methods of the invention and applied simultaneously or sequentially with the compositions of the invention. When applied simultaneously, these further active ingredients may be formulated together with the compositions of the invention or mixed in, for example, the spray tank. These further biocidal active ingredients may be fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides and/or plant growth regulators.
  • Pesticidal agents are referred to herein using their common name are known, for example, from “The Pesticide Manual”, 15th Ed., British Crop Protection Council 2009.
  • compositions of the invention may also be applied with one or more systemically acquired resistance inducers (“SAR” inducer).
  • SAR inducers are known and described in, for example, United States Patent No. US 6,919,298 and include, for example, salicylates and the commercial SAR inducer acibenzolar- S-methyl.
  • the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are normally used in the form of agrochemical compositions and can be applied to the crop area or plant to be treated, simultaneously or in succession with further compounds.
  • further compounds can be e.g., fertilizers or micronutrient donors or other preparations, which influence the growth of plants. They can also be selective herbicides or non-selective herbicides as well as insecticides, fungicides, bactericides, nematicides, molluscicides or mixtures of several of these preparations, if desired together with further carriers, surfactants or application promoting adjuvants customarily employed in the art of formulation.
  • the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention may be used in the form of (fungicidal) compositions for controlling or protecting against phytopathogenic microorganisms, comprising as active ingredient at least one compound of formula (I) or of at least one preferred individual compound as defined herein, in free form or in agrochemical usable salt form, and at least one of the above-mentioned adjuvants.
  • the invention therefore provides a composition, preferably a fungicidal composition, comprising at least one compound of formula (I) according to the invention, an agriculturally acceptable carrier and optionally an adjuvant.
  • An agricultural acceptable carrier is for example a carrier that is suitable for agricultural use.
  • Agricultural carriers are well known in the art.
  • said composition may comprise at least one or more pesticidal-active compounds, for example an additional fungicidal active ingredient in addition to the compound of formula (I).
  • the compound of formula (I) according to the invention may be the sole active ingredient of a composition or it may be admixed with one or more additional active ingredients such as a pesticide, fungicide, synergist, herbicide or plant growth regulator where appropriate.
  • An additional active ingredient may, in some cases, result in unexpected synergistic activities.
  • Suitable additional active ingredients include the following: acycloamino acid fungicides, aliphatic nitrogen fungicides, amide fungicides, anilide fungicides, antibiotic fungicides, aromatic fungicides, arsenical fungicides, aryl phenyl ketone fungicides, benzamide fungicides, benzanilide fungicides, benzimidazole fungicides, benzothiazole fungicides, botanical fungicides, bridged diphenyl fungicides, carbamate fungicides, carbanilate fungicides, conazole fungicides, copper fungicides, dicarboximide fungicides, dinitrophenol fungicides, dithiocarbamate fungicides, dithiolane fungicides, furamide fungicides, furanilide fungicides, hydrazide fungicides, imidazole fungicides, mercury fungicides, morpholine fung
  • Suitable additional active ingredients include the following: petroleum oils, 1 ,1 -bis(4-chlorophenyl)- 2-ethoxyethanol, 2,4-dichlorophenyl benzenesulfonate, 2-fluoro-N-methyl-N-1 -naphthylacetamide, 4- chlorophenyl phenyl sulfone, acetoprole, aldoxycarb, amidithion, amidothioate, amiton, amiton hydrogen oxalate, amitraz, aramite, arsenous oxide, azobenzene, azothoate, benomyl, benoxa-fos, benzyl benzoate, bixafen, brofenvalerate, bromocyclen, bromophos, bromopropylate, buprofezin, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, butylpyridaben, calcium polysulfide, camphechlor, carban
  • lecontei NPV, Orius spp. Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Phytoseiulus persimilis, Steinernema bibionis, Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema feltiae, Steinernema glaseri, Steinernema riobrave, Steinernema riobravis, Steinernema scapterisci, Steinernema spp., Trichogramma spp., Typhlodromus occidentalis, Verticillium lecanii, apholate, bisazir, busulfan, dimatif, hemel, hempa, metepa, methiotepa, methyl apholate, morzid, penfluron, tepa, thiohempa, thiotepa, tretamine, uredepa, (E)-dec-5-en-
  • the compounds of the invention may also be used in combination with anthelmintic agents.
  • anthelmintic agents include, compounds selected from the macrocyclic lactone class of compounds such as ivermectin, avermectin, abamectin, emamectin, eprinomectin, doramectin, selamectin, moxidectin, nemadectin and milbemycin derivatives as described in EP0357460, EP0444964 and EP0594291 .
  • Additional anthelmintic agents include semisynthetic and biosynthetic avermectin/milbemycin derivatives such as those described in US5, 015,630, WO9415944 and WO9522552. Additional anthelmintic agents include the benzimidazoles such as albendazole, cambendazole, fenbendazole, flubendazole, mebendazole, oxfendazole, oxibendazole, parbendazole, and other members of the class. Additional anthelmintic agents include imidazothiazoles and tetrahydropyrimidines such as tetramisole, levamisole, pyrantel pamoate, oxantel or morantel.
  • Additional anthelmintic agents include flukicides, such as triclabendazole and clorsulon and the cestocides, such as praziquantel and epsiprantel.
  • flukicides such as triclabendazole and clorsulon
  • cestocides such as praziquantel and epsiprantel.
  • the compounds of the invention may be used in combination with derivatives and analogues of the paraherquamide/marcfortine class of anthelmintic agents, as well as the antiparasitic oxazolines such as those disclosed in US5478855, US4639771 and DE-19520936.
  • the compounds of the invention may be used in combination with derivatives and analogues of the general class of dioxomorpholine antiparasitic agents as described in WO9615121 and also with anthelmintic active cyclic depsipeptides such as those described in WO9611945, WO9319053, WO9325543, EP0626375, EP0382173, WO9419334, EP0382173, and EP0503538.
  • the compounds of the invention may be used in combination with other ectoparasiticides; for example, fipronil; pyrethroids; organophosphates; insect growth regulators such as lufenuron; ecdysone agonists such as tebufenozide and the like; neonicotinoids such as imidacloprid and the like.
  • ectoparasiticides for example, fipronil; pyrethroids; organophosphates; insect growth regulators such as lufenuron; ecdysone agonists such as tebufenozide and the like; neonicotinoids such as imidacloprid and the like.
  • the compounds of the invention may be used in combination with terpene alkaloids, for example those described in WO95/19363 or W004/72086, particularly the compounds disclosed therein.
  • Organophosphates acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos- methyl, bromophos, bromophos-ethyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyphos, chlorpyrifos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, demeton, demeton-S-methyl, demeton-S-methyl sulfone, dialifos, diazinon, dichlorvos, dicrotophos, dimethoate, disulfoton, ethion, ethoprophos, etrimfos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fensulfothion, fenthion, flupyrazofos, fonofos, formothion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, isazophos, isothioate, isoxathion, malathion,
  • Carbamates alanycarb, aldicarb, 2-sec-butylphenyl methylcarbamate, benfuracarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, cloethocarb, ethiofencarb, fenoxycarb, fenthiocarb, furathiocarb, HCN-801 , isoprocarb, indoxacarb, methiocarb, methomyl, 5-methyl-m-cumenylbutyryl(methyl)carbamate, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, UC-51717.
  • Pyrethroids acrinathin, allethrin, alphametrin, 5-benzyl-3-furylmethyl (E)-(1 R)-cis-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-oxothiolan- 3-ylidenemethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate, bifenthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyfluthrin, a-cypermethrin, beta- cypermethrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin((S)-cyclopentylisomer), bioresmethrin, bifenthrin, NCI-85193, cycloprothrin, cyhalothrin, cythithrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, empenthrin, esfenvalerate, ethofenprox, fenfluthrin, fenpropathrin, fenvaler
  • Arthropod growth regulators a) chitin synthesis inhibitors: benzoylureas: chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, fluazuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron, buprofezin, diofenolan, hexythiazox, etoxazole, chlorfentazine; b) ecdysone antagonists: halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide; c) juvenoids: pyriproxyfen, methoprene (including S-methoprene), fenoxycarb; d) lipid biosynthesis inhibitors: spirodiclofen.
  • antiparasitics acequinocyl, amitraz, AKD-1022, ANS-118, azadirachtin, Bacillus thuringiensis, bensultap, bifenazate, binapacryl, bromopropylate, BTG-504, BTG-505, camphechlor, cartap, chlorobenzilate, chlordimeform, chlorfenapyr, chromafenozide, clothianidine, cyromazine, diacloden, diafenthiuron, DBI-3204, dinactin, dihydroxymethyldihydroxypyrrolidine, dinobuton, dinocap, endosulfan, ethiprole, ethofenprox, fenazaquin, flumite, MTI- 800, fenpyroximate, fluacrypyrim, flubenzimine, flubrocythrinate, flufenzine, flufenprox, fluproxyfen, halofenprox, hydr
  • Biological agents Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. aizawai, kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis delta endotoxin, baculovirus, entomopathogenic bacteria, virus and fungi.
  • Bactericides chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, streptomycin.
  • TX means one compound selected from compounds of formula (I), (l-A), (I-A1), (I-A2), (I-A3), (I-A4), or (I-A5), or compounds selected from compounds listed in Tables A-1 to A-23, or compounds listed in Table P (below), and a compound selected from the group of substances consisting of petroleum oils + TX, 1 ,1 -bis(4-chloro- phenyl)-2-ethoxyethanol + TX, 2,4-dichlorophenyl benzenesulfonate + TX, 2-fluoro-N-methyl-N-1- naphthylacetamide + TX, 4-chlorophenyl phenyl sulfone + TX, acetoprole + TX, aldoxycarb + TX, amidithion + TX, amidothioate + TX, amiton + TX
  • TX Paecilomyces fumosoroseus + TX, Phytoseiulus persimilis + TX, Steinernema bibionis + TX, Steinernema carpocapsae + TX, Steinernema feltiae + TX, Steinernema glaseri + TX, Steinernema riobrave + TX, Steinernema riobravis + TX, Steinernema scapterisci + TX, Steinernema spp. + TX, Trichogramma spp.
  • the compounds in this paragraph may be prepared from the methods described in WO2017/055473, WO2017/055469, WO2017/093348 and WO2017/118689; 2-[6-(4- chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-1-(1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol + TX (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2017/029179); 2-[6-(4-bromophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3- pyridyl]-1-(1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol + TX (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2017/029179); 3-[2-(1 -chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-propyl]imidazole-4-carbonitrile + TX (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO
  • the active ingredient mixture of the compound selected from compounds of formula (I), (l-A), (I-A1), (I-A2), (I- A3), (I-A4), or (I-A5), or compounds selected from compounds listed in Tables A-1 to A-23, or compounds listed in Table P (below), is preferably in a mixing ratio of from 100:1 to 1 :100, especially from 50:1 to 1 :50, more especially in a ratio of from 20:1 to 1 :20, even more especially from 10:1 to 1 :10, and still more especially from 5:1 to 1 :5 Those mixing ratios are by weight.
  • the mixtures as described above can be used in a method for controlling pests, which comprises applying a composition comprising a mixture as described above to the pests or their environment, with the exception of a method for treatment of the human or animal body by surgery or therapy and diagnostic methods practised on the human or animal body.
  • the mixtures comprising a compound selected from compounds of formula (I), (l-A), (I-A1), (I-A2), (I-A3), (I- A4), or (I-A5), or compounds selected from compounds listed in Tables A-1 to A-23, or compounds listed in Table P (below), and one or more active ingredients as described above can be applied, for example, in a single “ready-mix” form, in a combined spray mixture composed from separate formulations of the single active ingredient components, such as a “tank-mix”, and in a combined use of the single active ingredients when applied in a sequential manner, i.e. one after the other with a reasonably short period, such as a few hours or days.
  • compositions according to the invention can also comprise further solid or liquid auxiliaries, such as stabilizers, for example unepoxidized or epoxidized vegetable oils (for example epoxidized coconut oil, rapeseed oil or soya oil), antifoams, for example silicone oil, preservatives, viscosity regulators, binders and/or tackifiers, fertilizers or other active ingredients for achieving specific effects, for example bactericides, fungicides, nematocides, plant activators, molluscicides or herbicides.
  • auxiliaries such as stabilizers, for example unepoxidized or epoxidized vegetable oils (for example epoxidized coconut oil, rapeseed oil or soya oil), antifoams, for example silicone oil, preservatives, viscosity regulators, binders and/or tackifiers, fertilizers or other active ingredients for achieving specific effects, for example bactericides, fungicides, nematocides
  • compositions according to the invention are prepared in a manner known per se, in the absence of auxiliaries for example by grinding, screening and/or compressing a solid active ingredient and in the presence of at least one auxiliary for example by intimately mixing and/or grinding the active ingredient with the auxiliary (auxiliaries).
  • auxiliaries for example by grinding, screening and/or compressing a solid active ingredient and in the presence of at least one auxiliary for example by intimately mixing and/or grinding the active ingredient with the auxiliary (auxiliaries).
  • Another aspect of the invention is related to the use of a compound of formula (I) according to the invention or of a preferred individual compound as defined herein, of a composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) or at least one preferred individual compound as defined herein, or of a fungicidal or insecticidal mixture comprising at least one compound of formula (I) or at least one preferred individual compound as defined herein, in admixture with other fungicides or insecticides as described above, for controlling or preventing infestation of plants, e.g. useful plants such as crop plants, propagation material thereof, e.g. seeds, harvested crops, e.g. harvested food crops, or non-living materials by insects or by phytopathogenic microorganisms, preferably fungal organisms.
  • useful plants such as crop plants, propagation material thereof, e.g. seeds, harvested crops, e.g. harvested food crops, or non-living materials by insects or by phytopathogenic microorganisms, preferably fungal organisms.
  • a further aspect of invention is related to a method of controlling or preventing an infestation of plants, e.g. useful plants such as crop plants, propagation material thereof, e.g. seeds, harvested crops, e.g. harvested food crops, or of non-living materials by phytopathogenic or spoilage microorganisms or organisms potentially harmful to man, especially fungal organisms, which comprises the application of a compound of formula (I) according to the invention or of a preferred individual compound as defined herein as active ingredient to the plants, to parts of the plants or to the locus thereof, to the propagation material thereof, or to any part of the non-living materials.
  • plants e.g. useful plants such as crop plants, propagation material thereof, e.g. seeds, harvested crops, e.g. harvested food crops, or of non-living materials by phytopathogenic or spoilage microorganisms or organisms potentially harmful to man, especially fungal organisms
  • a compound of formula (I) according to the invention or of a preferred individual compound as defined herein as active ingredient to the
  • Controlling or preventing means reducing infestation by insects or by phytopathogenic or spoilage microorganisms or organisms potentially harmful to man, especially fungal organisms, to such a level that an improvement is demonstrated.
  • a preferred method of controlling or preventing an infestation of crop plants by phytopathogenic microorganisms, especially fungal organisms, or insects which comprises the application of a compound of formula (I) according to the invention, or an agrochemical composition which contains at least one compound of formula (I), is foliar application.
  • the frequency of application and the rate of application will depend on the risk of infestation by the corresponding pathogen or insect.
  • the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention can also penetrate the plant through the roots via the soil (systemic action) by drenching the locus of the plant with a liquid formulation, or by applying the compounds in solid form to the soil, e.g., in granular form (soil application).
  • Such granulates can be applied to the flooded rice field.
  • the compounds of formula (I) may also be applied to seeds (coating) by impregnating the seeds or tubers either with a liquid formulation of the fungicide or coating them with a solid formulation.
  • a formulation e.g., a composition containing the compound of formula (I) according to the invention and, if desired, a solid or liquid adjuvant or monomers for encapsulating the compound of formula (I), may be prepared in a known manner, typically by intimately mixing and/or grinding the compound with extenders, for example solvents, solid carriers and, optionally, surface active compounds (surfactants).
  • extenders for example solvents, solid carriers and, optionally, surface active compounds (surfactants).
  • Advantageous rates of application are normally from 5g to 2kg of active ingredient (a.i.) per hectare (ha), preferably from 10g to I kg a.i./ha, most preferably from 20g to 600g a.i./ha.
  • convenient dosages are from 10mg to 1g of active substance per kg of seeds.
  • g a.i./ha refers to the application rate given in gram [g] of active ingredient [a.i.] per unit of surface [ha].
  • the unit hectare symbol ha is the metric unit of area that equals a square with 100 m side (1 hm 2 ) or 10,000 square meters. Hectare is a commonly used unit of area in the metric system.
  • rates of 0.001 to 50 g of a compound of formula (I) per kg of seed preferably from 0.01 to 10g per kg of seed are generally sufficient.
  • composition comprising a compound of formula (I) according to the present invention is applied either preventative, meaning prior to disease development or curative, meaning after disease development.
  • compositions of the invention may be employed in any conventional form, for example in the form of a twin pack, a powder for dry seed treatment (DS), an emulsion for seed treatment (ES), a flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), a solution for seed treatment (LS), a water dispersible powder for seed treatment (WS), a capsule suspension for seed treatment (CF), a gel for seed treatment (GF), an emulsion concentrate (EC), a suspension concentrate (SC), a suspo-emulsion (SE), a capsule suspension (CS), a water dispersible granule (WG), an emulsifiable granule (EG), an emulsion, water in oil (EG), an emulsion, oil in water (EW), a microemulsion (ME), an oil dispersion (OD), an oil miscible flowable (OF), an oil miscible liquid (OL), a soluble concentrate (SL), an ultra-low volume suspension (SU), an ultra-low volume liquid (UL), a technical concentrate (TK),
  • compositions may be produced in conventional manner, e.g., by mixing the active ingredients with appropriate formulation inerts (diluents, solvents, fillers and optionally other formulating ingredients such as surfactants, biocides, anti-freeze, stickers, thickeners and compounds that provide adjuvancy effects).
  • appropriate formulation inerts diiluents, solvents, fillers and optionally other formulating ingredients such as surfactants, biocides, anti-freeze, stickers, thickeners and compounds that provide adjuvancy effects.
  • conventional slow-release formulations may be employed where long lasting efficacy is intended.
  • Particularly formulations to be applied in spraying forms such as water dispersible concentrates (e.g. EC, SC, DC, OD, SE, EW, EO and the like), wettable powders and granules, may contain surfactants such as wetting and dispersing agents and other compounds that provide adjuvancy effects, e.g.
  • a seed dressing formulation is applied in a manner known per se to the seeds employing the combination of the invention and a diluent in suitable seed dressing formulation form, e.g., as an aqueous suspension or in a dry powder form having good adherence to the seeds.
  • suitable seed dressing formulation form e.g., as an aqueous suspension or in a dry powder form having good adherence to the seeds.
  • seed dressing formulations are known in the art.
  • Seed dressing formulations may contain the single active ingredients or the combination of active ingredients in encapsulated form, e.g., as slow-release capsules or microcapsules.
  • the formulations include from 0.01 to 90% by weight of active agent, from 0 to 20% agriculturally acceptable surfactant and 10 to 99.99% solid or liquid formulation inerts and adjuvants), the active agent consisting of at least the compound of formula (I) according to the invention optionally together with other active agents, particularly microbiocides or conservatives or the like.
  • Concentrated forms of compositions generally contain in between about 2 and 80%, preferably between about 5 and 70% by weight of active agent.
  • Application forms of formulation may for example contain from 0.01 to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 5% by weight of active agent. Whereas commercial products will preferably be formulated as concentrates, the end user will normally employ diluted formulations.
  • the rates of application vary within wide limits and depend on the nature of the soil, the method of application, the crop plant, the pest to be controlled, the prevailing climatic conditions, and other factors governed by the method of application, the time of application and the target crop.
  • compounds may be applied at a rate of from 1 to 2000 l/ha, especially from 10 to 1000 l/ha.
  • Preferred formulations can have the following compositions (weight %)
  • Emulsifiable concentrates active ingredient: 1 to 95 %, preferably 60 to 90 % surface-active agent: 1 to 30 %, preferably 5 to 20 % liquid carrier: 1 to 80 %, preferably 1 to 35 %
  • Dusts active ingredient: 0.1 to 10 %, preferably 0.1 to 5 % solid carrier: 99.9 to 90 %, preferably 99.9 to 99 %
  • Suspension concentrates active ingredient: 5 to 75 %, preferably 10 to 50 % water: 94 to 24 %, preferably 88 to 30 % surface-active agent: 1 to 40 %, preferably 2 to 30 %
  • Wettable powders active ingredient: 0.5 to 90 %, preferably 1 to 80 % surface-active agent: 0.5 to 20 %, preferably 1 to 15 % solid carrier: 5 to 95 %, preferably 15 to 90 %
  • Granules active ingredient: 0.1 to 30 %, preferably 0.1 to 15 % solid carrier: 99.5 to 70 %, preferably 97 to 85 %
  • Table A This table discloses 75 compounds of formula (laa) according to the invention wherein: , as defined below:
  • the compound A-1.G1 represents a compound of formula (laa) wherein R 2 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 10 , R 11 and B 1 are as defined in Table A-1 and G is G1 as defined in Table A.
  • Table A-1 This table provides 75 compounds A-1 ,G1 to A-1 .G75 of formula (laa) wherein R 2 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 10 , and R 11 are H, B 1 is CH, and G is as defined in Table A.
  • compound A-1.G1 has the following structure:
  • Table A-2 This table provides 75 compounds A-2.G1 to A-2.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R 2 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 10 , and R 11 are H, B 1 is CCI, and G is as defined in Table A.
  • Table A-3 This table provides 75 compounds A-3.G1 to A-3.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R 2 is CH3, R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 10 , and R 11 are H, B 1 is CH, and G is as defined in Table A.
  • Table A-3 This table provides 75 compounds A-3.G1 to A-3.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R 2 is CH3, R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 10 , and R 11 are H, B 1 is CH, and G is as defined in Table A.
  • Table A-4 This table provides 75 compounds A-4.G1 to A-4.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R 2 is CH3, R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 10 , and R 11 are H, B 1 is CCI, and G is as defined in Table A.
  • Table A-5 This table provides 75 compounds A-5.G1 to A-5.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R 4 is CH3, R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , R 10 , and R 11 are H, B 1 is CH, and G is as defined in Table A.
  • Table A-6 This table provides 75 compounds A-6.G1 to A-6.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R 4 is CH3, R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , R 10 , and R 11 are H, B 1 is CCI, and G is as defined in Table A.
  • compound A-6.G3 has the following structure:
  • Table A-7 This table provides 75 compounds A-7.G1 to A-7.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R 4 is CH3, R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , R 10 , and R 11 are H, B 1 is CBr, and G is as defined in Table A.
  • Table A-8 This table provides 75 compounds A-8.G1 to A-8.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R 4 is CH3, R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , R 10 , and R 11 are H, B 1 is CON, and G is as defined in Table A.
  • Table A-9 This table provides 75 compounds A-9.G1 to A-9.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R 4 is CH3, R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , R 10 , and R 11 are H, B 1 is CCOCH3, and G is as defined in Table A.
  • Table A-10 This table provides 75 compounds A-10.G1 to A-10.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R 4 is CH3, R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , R 10 , and R 11 are H, B 1 is CCOCH3, and G is as defined in Table A.
  • compound A11-G72 has the following structure.
  • Table A-12 This table provides 75 compounds A-12.G1 to A-12.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R 4 is CH3, R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , R 10 , and R 11 are H, B 1 is CNH2, and G is as defined in Table A.
  • Table A-13 This table provides 75 compounds A-13.G1 to A-13.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R 2 and R 4 are CH3, R 5 , R 6 , R 10 , and R 11 are H, B 1 is CCI, and G is as defined in Table A.
  • Table A-14 This table provides 75 compounds A-14.G1 to A-14.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R 2 and R 4 are CH3, R 5 , R 6 , R 10 , and R 11 are H, B 1 is CCN, and G is as defined in Table A.
  • Table A-15 This table provides 75 compounds A-15.G1 to A-15.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R 2 is Cl, R 4 is CH3, R 5 , R 6 , R 10 , and R 11 are H, B 1 is CCI, and G is as defined in Table A.
  • Table A-16 This table provides 75 compounds A-16.G1 to A-16.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R 2 is Cl, R 4 is CH3, R 5 , R 6 , R 10 , and R 11 are H, B 1 is CCN, and G is as defined in Table A.
  • compound A-16.G64 has the following structure.
  • Table A-17 This table provides 75 compounds A-17.G1 to A-17.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R 4 is CH3, R 10 is Cl, R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 11 are H, B 1 is CH, and G is as defined in Table A.
  • Table A-18 This table provides 75 compounds A-18.G1 to A-18.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R 4 is CH3, R 10 is CN, R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 11 are H, B 1 is CH, and G is as defined in Table A.
  • Table A-19 This table provides 75 compounds A-19.G1 to A-19.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R 4 is CH3, R 11 is Cl, R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 10 are H, B 1 is CH, and G is as defined in Table A.
  • Table A-20 This table provides 75 compounds A-20.G1 to A-20.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R 4 is CH3, R 11 is CN, R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 10 are H, B 1 is CH, and G is as defined in Table A.
  • Table A-21 This table provides 75 compounds A-21.G1 to A-21 .G75 of formula (laa) wherein R 4 is CH3, R 11 is OCH3, R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 10 are H, B 1 is CCI, and G is as defined in Table A.
  • Table A-22 This table provides 75 compounds A-22.G1 to A-22.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R 4 is CH3, R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , R 10 , and R 11 are H, B 1 is N, and G is as defined in Table A.
  • compound A-22.G18 has the following structure:
  • Table A-23 This table provides 75 compounds A-23.G1 to A-23.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R 4 is CH3, R10 is Cl, R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 11 are H, B 1 is N, and G is as defined in Table A.
  • the Examples which follow serve to illustrate the invention and are not meant in any way to limit the invention.
  • the compounds of the invention can be distinguished from known compounds by virtue of greater efficacy at low application rates, which can be verified by a person skilled in the art using the experimental procedures outlined in the Examples, using lower application rates, if necessary, for example 60 ppm, 20 ppm or 2 ppm.
  • Compounds of formula (I) may possess any number of benefits including, inter alia, advantageous levels of biological activity for protecting plants against diseases that are caused by fungi or superior properties for use as agrochemical active ingredients (for example, greater biological activity, an advantageous spectrum of activity, an increased safety profile (including improved crop tolerance), improved physico-chemical properties, or increased biodegradability).
  • LC/MS Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy and the description of the apparatus, and the methods is as follows.
  • Method A Spectra were recorded on a Mass Spectrometer from Waters (SQD2 or QDA Single quadrupole mass spectrometer) equipped with an electrospray source (Polarity: Positive and Negative Polarity Switch), Capillary: 0.8-3.00 kV, Cone range: 25 Source Temperature: 120-150°C, Desolvation Temperature: 500-600°C, Cone Gas Flow: 50 L/h, Desolvation Gas Flow: 1000 L/h, Mass range: 110 to 850 Da) and an Acquity UPLC from Waters: Quaternary solvent manager, heated column compartment, diode-array detector.
  • Method B Spectra were recorded on a Mass Spectrometer from Waters (Acquity QDa Mass Spectrometer) equipped with an electrospray source (Polarity: Positive and Negative Polarity Switch), Capillary: 0.8 kV, Cone range: 25 V, Extractor: V (No extractor voltage for QDa detector) Source Temperature: 120°C, Desolvation Temperature: 600°C, Cone Gas Flow: 50 L/h, Desolvation Gas Flow: 1000 L/h, Mass range: 110 to 850 Da) and an Acquity UPLC from Waters: Quaternary solvent manager, heated column compartment, diode-array detector.
  • Method C Spectra were recorded on a Mass Spectrometer from Agilent Technologies (6410 Triple Quadrupole mass spectrometer) equipped with an electrospray source (Polarity: positive or negative ions, MS2 Scan, Capillary: 4.00 kV, Fragmentor: 100 V, Desolvation Temperature: 350°C, Gas Flow: 11 L/min, Nebulizer Gas: 45 psi, Mass range: 110 to 1000 Da) and a 1200 Series HPLC from Agilent: quaternary pump, heated column compartment and VWD detector.
  • Method D Spectra were recorded on a Mass Spectrometer from Agilent Technologies (MSD-IQ mass spectrometer) equipped with an electrospray source (Polarity: positive or negative ions, MS2 Scan, Capillary: 3.5 kV, Fragmentor: 110 V, Desolvation Temperature: 325°C, Gas Flow: 13 L/min, Nebulizer Gas: 55 psi, Mass range: 110 to 850 Da) and a 1290 Series HPLC from Agilent: quaternary pump, heated column compartment and diode-array detector.
  • Wettable powders a) b) c) active ingredients 25 % 50 % 75 % sodium lignosulfonate 5 % 5 % - sodium lauryl sulfate 3 % - 5 % sodium diisobutylnaphthalenesulfonate 6 % 10 % phenol polyethylene glycol ether (7-8 mol ethylene oxide) - 2 % - highly dispersed silicic acid 5 % 10 % 10 %
  • the combination is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording wettable powders that can be diluted with water to give suspensions of the desired concentration.
  • Powders for dry seed treatment a) b) c) active ingredients 25 % 50 % 75 % light mineral oil 5 % 5 % 5 % highly dispersed silicic acid 5 % 5 % Kaolin 65 % 40 % -
  • the combination is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording powders that can be used directly for seed treatment.
  • Emulsifiable concentrate active ingredients 10 % octylphenol polyethylene glycol ether (4-5 mol of ethylene oxide) 3 % calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 3 % castor oil polyglycol ether (35 mol of ethylene oxide) 4 %
  • Emulsions of any required dilution which can be used in plant protection, can be obtained from this concentrate by dilution with water.
  • Ready-for-use dusts are obtained by mixing the combination with the carrier and grinding the mixture in a suitable mill. Such dusts can also be used for dry dressings for seed.
  • the combination is mixed and ground with the adjuvants, and the mixture is moistened with water.
  • the mixture is extruded and then dried in a stream of air.
  • the finely ground combination is uniformly applied, in a mixer, to the kaolin moistened with polyethylene glycol.
  • Non-dusty coated granules are obtained in this manner.
  • Flowable concentrate for seed treatment active ingredients 40 % propylene glycol 5 % copolymer butanol PO/EO 2 %
  • Silicone oil (in the form of a 75 % emulsion in water) 0.2 %
  • the finely ground combination is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a flowable concentrate from which solutions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water, that can be used directly for seed treatment.
  • solutions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water, that can be used directly for seed treatment.
  • dilutions living plants as well as plant propagation material can be treated and protected against infestation by microorganisms, by spraying, pouring or immersion.
  • 28 parts of the combination are mixed with 2 parts of an aromatic solvent and 7 parts of toluene diisocyanate/polymethylene-polyphenylisocyanate-mixture (8:1).
  • This mixture is emulsified in a mixture of 1.2 parts of polyvinylalcohol, 0.05 parts of a defoamer and 51 .6 parts of water until the desired particle size is achieved.
  • a mixture of 2.8 parts 1 ,6-diaminohexane in 5.3 parts of water is added.
  • the mixture is agitated until the polymerization reaction is completed.
  • the obtained capsule suspension is stabilized by adding 0.25 parts of a thickener and 3 parts of a dispersing agent.
  • the capsule suspension formulation contains 28% of the active ingredients.
  • the medium capsule diameter is 8-15 microns.
  • the resulting formulation is applied to seeds as an aqueous suspension in an apparatus suitable for that purpose.
  • Formulation types include an emulsion concentrate (EC), a suspension concentrate (SC), a suspo-emulsion (SE), a capsule suspension (CS), a water dispersible granule (WG), an emulsifiable granule (EG), an emulsion, water in oil (EO), an emulsion, oil in water (EW), a micro-emulsion (ME), an oil dispersion (OD), an oil miscible flowable (OF), an oil miscible liquid (OL), a soluble concentrate (SL), an ultra-low volume suspension (SU), an ultra-low volume liquid (UL), a technical concentrate (TK), a dispersible concentrate (DC), a wettable powder (WP), a soluble granule (SG) or any technically feasible formulation in combination with agriculturally acceptable adjuvants.
  • EC emulsion concentrate
  • SC suspension concentrate
  • SE suspo-emulsion
  • CS capsule suspension
  • WG water dispersible granule
  • EG
  • DABCO 1 ,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane also known as triethylenediamine or TEDA DCC dicyclohexyl carbodiimide
  • T3P propanephosphonic acid anhydride also called 2,4,6-tripropyl-1 , 3, 5, 2,4,6- trioxatriphosphorinane-2,4,6-trioxide
  • the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention may be prepared using the synthetic techniques described both above and below.
  • Mp means melting point in °C. Free radicals represent methyl groups.
  • 1 H NMR and 19 F NMR measurements were recorded on a Bruker 400MHz spectrometer (or 600MHz as indicated), chemical shifts are given in ppm relevant to a TMS ( 1 H) and CFCI3 ( 19 F) standard. Spectra measured in deuterated solvents as indicated. Either one of the LC-MS methods below was used to characterize the compounds. The characteristic LCMS values obtained for each compound were the retention time (“Rt”, recorded in minutes) and the measured molecular ion (M+H) + or (M-H)’.
  • Example P1 Preparation of A/-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl1-5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-
  • reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc (x3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to afford 2-(1- methylpyrazol-4-yl)propanenitrile. The crude reaction product was used as such for the next step.
  • Step 3 Preparation of 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propan-1 -amine
  • Step 4 Preparation of tert-butyl /V-[(3,5-difluoropyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]carbamate
  • Step 7 Preparation of methyl 5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxylate
  • Step 8 Preparation of A/-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl1-5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-1 ,3,4- thiadiazole-2-carboxamide (compound P-3, Table P)
  • Example P2 Preparation of /V-[2-(6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(1 -methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-
  • the product was further purified by reverse phase column chromatography by using 0-70% acetonitrile in water to afford A/-[2-(6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-2- carboxamide as yellow gummy mass.
  • Example P3 Preparation of A/-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl1-5-(3,5-difluoro-2- pyridyDisoxazole-3-carboxamide (Compound P-1 , Table P)
  • Step 1 Preparation of 3,5-difluoro-N-methoxy-N-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxamide
  • Step 3 Preparation of ethyl 5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-5-hydroxy-4H-isoxazole-3-carboxylate
  • reaction mixture was then cooled to -5 to 0°C and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (1.71 g, 24.2 mmol) and acetic acid (2.16 mL, 36.2 mmol) was added and the resulting reaction mixture stirred for 12 hr at rt.
  • the reaction mixture was poured into water (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (x3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo.
  • the resulting crude residue containing ethyl 5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-5-hydroxy-4H-isoxazole-3-carboxylate was used as such for the next step.
  • Step 4 Preparation of ethyl 5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-3-carboxylate
  • Step 6 Preparation of A/-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl1-5-(3,5-difluoro-2- pyridyDisoxazole-3-carboxamide (Compound P-1 , Table P)
  • reaction mixture was stirred at rt monitoring by TLC and LCMS. After reaction completion, the mixture was diluted with cold water and extracted with EtOAc (x3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (40 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, and concentrated in vacuo.
  • the crude product was purified by reverse phase combiflash using 0-70% acetonitrile in water as eluent to yield the product A/-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(3,5-difluoro- 2-pyridyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide as an off white solid.
  • Example P4 Preparation of /V-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1 -methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(2,6-difluoro-3-pyridyl)- 1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxamide (Compound P-7, Table P)
  • Step 2 Preparation of tert-butyl N-[(2,6-difluoropyridine-3-carbonyl)amino1carbamate
  • Step 4 Preparation of methyl 2-[2-(2,6-difluoropyridine-3-carbonyl)hydrazino]-2-oxo-acetate
  • Step 5 Preparation of methyl 5-(2,6-difluoro-3-pyridyl)-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxylate
  • methyl 2-[2-(2,6-difluoropyridine-3-carbonyl)hydrazino]-2-oxo-acetate (0.75 g, 2.31 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added Lawesson’s reagent (1.15 g, 2.78 mmol) and the reaction mixture was refluxed for 3 hr. The progress of the reaction was monitored by LCMS and upon completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc.
  • Step 6 Preparation of /V-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(2,6-difluoro-3-pyridyl)-1 ,3,4- thiadiazole-2-carboxamide (Compound P-7, Table P)
  • Example P5 Preparation of A/-[2-(6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(1 -methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl1-5-(2,6-difluoro-3-pyridyl)-
  • Example P6 Preparation of /V-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1 -methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-3-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carboxamide (Compound P-18, Table P)
  • Step 1 Preparation of 3,5-difluoro-N'-hydroxy-pyridine-2-carboxamidine
  • Step 2 Preparation of methyl 3-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carboxylate
  • acetonitrile 3.5 mL/mmol, 2.0 mL
  • pyridine 0.14 mL, 1.73 mmol
  • 2-chloro-2-oxo-acetate 0.11 g, 0.08 mL, 0.87 mmol
  • reaction mixture was allowed to warm to rt, stirred for 30 min, and then stirred at 80°C for 2 h. After completion of the reaction (monitored by LCMS and TLC), the reaction mixture was diluted with water (50 mL) and saturated ammonium chloride, and extracted with DCM (3 x 80 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SC>4 and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the crude product. This was purified by combi flash using 30-40% EtOAc in cyclohexane to afford methyl 3-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carboxylate as a white solid.
  • Step 3 Preparation of lithium;3-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carboxylate
  • Step 4 Preparation of A/-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl1-3-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazole-5-carboxamide (Compound P-18, Table P)
  • reaction mixture was allowed to warm to rt and stirred for 24 h, whereupon LCMS and TLC analysis showed reaction completion.
  • the reaction mixture was diluted with water (20 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (2 x 25 ml). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the crude product. This was absorbed over Celite and purified by reverse phase combi flash by using CH3CN and water as an eluent to obtain the title product.
  • Step 4 Preparation of 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-cyclopropyl-1 -methyl-pyrazol-4-yl)acetonitrile
  • Step 5 Preparation of 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-cyclopropyl-1 -methyl-pyrazol-4-yl)propanenitrile
  • reaction mixture was cooled to rt and basified with NaOH 6N to pH 12.
  • the resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (x3) and the combined organic layers washed once with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound as a pale brown oil, which could be used to prepare compounds of formula (I) without further purification.
  • Step 1 Preparation of ethyl 2-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)oxazole-4-carboxylate
  • ethyl oxazole-4-carboxylate CAS [23012-14-8], 0.34 g, 2.44 mmol
  • 2-bromo-3,5-difluoro- pyridine CAS [660425-16-1], 0.5 g, 2.44 mmol
  • 1 ,4-dioxane 3.5 mL
  • Example I-3 Preparation of 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl)propan-1 -amine
  • Step 1 Preparation of 5-chloro-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde
  • Step 3 Preparation of 2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl)acetonitrile
  • Step 4 Preparation of 2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl) propanenitrile
  • potassium te/Y-butoxide 83 mg, 0.72 mmol
  • 2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4- yl)acetonitrile 100 mg, 0.60 mmol
  • DMSO DMSO
  • rt iodomethane 0.042 mL, 0.66 mmol
  • the reaction mixture was diluted with cold water (20 mL) and saturated aqueous ammonium chloride and extracted with EtOAc (40 mL X3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SC>4 and concentrated in vacuo. The crude compound was purified by combi flash using 50-60% EtOAc in cyclohexane to afford the title compound as a colorless liquid.
  • Step 5 Preparation of 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl)propanenitrile
  • Step 6 Preparation of 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl)propan-1 -amine
  • step 4 allows the following compounds to be prepared, namely:
  • Example I-4 Preparation of [2-(6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4- yl)propyl]ammonium;chloride
  • Step 1 Preparation of tert-butyl N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4- yl)propyl]carbamate
  • Step 2 Preparation of tert-butyl N-[2-(6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4- yDpropyllcarbamate
  • Step 3 Preparation of [2-(6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4- yl)propyl1ammonium;chloride
  • Example I-5 Preparation of [2-(6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4- yl)ethyl1ammonium;chloride (Similarly procedure as for 2-(6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl- pyrazol-4-yl)propyl1ammonium;chloride)
  • Step 2 Preparation of 5-(methoxymethyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazole
  • Step 3 Preparation of 5-(methoxymethyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde
  • Step 4 Preparation of 2-[5-(methoxymethyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl]acetonitrile
  • step 3 Carried out analogously to Example I-3, step 3.
  • Step 5 Preparation of 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-[5-(methoxymethyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl]acetonitrile
  • step 5 Carried out analogously to Example I-3, step 5.
  • Step 6 Preparation of 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-[5-(methoxymethyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl1ethanamine
  • Example B-1 Alternaria solani / tomato / leaf disc (early blight)
  • Tomato leaf disks cv. Baby are placed on agar in multiwell plates (24-well format) and sprayed with the formulated test compound diluted in water.
  • the leaf disks are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus
  • the inoculated leaf disks are incubated at 23 °C / 21 °C (day/night) and 80% rh under a light regime of 12/12 h (light/dark) in a climate cabinet and the activity of a compound is assessed as percent disease control compared to untreated when an appropriate level of disease damage appears on untreated check disk leaf disks (5 - 7 days after application).
  • Example B-2 Botryotinia fuckeliana (Botrytis cinerea) / liquid culture (Gray mould) Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly mixed into nutrient broth (Vogels broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format), the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24 °C and the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically 3 to 4 days after application.
  • DMSO DMSO
  • Example B-3 Glomerella lagenarium (Colletotrichum lagenarium) / liquid culture (Anthracnose)
  • Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format), the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24 °C and the inhibition of growth is measured photometrically 3 to 4 days after application.
  • nutrient broth PDB potato dextrose broth
  • Example B-4 Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici) / wheat / leaf disc preventative (Powdery mildew on wheat)
  • Wheat leaf segments cv. Kanzler are placed on agar in a multiwell plate (24-well format) and sprayed with the formulated test compound diluted in water.
  • the leaf disks are inoculated by shaking powdery mildew infected plants above the test plates 1 day after application.
  • the inoculated leaf disks are incubated at 20 °C and 60% rh under a light regime of 24 h darkness followed by 12 h light / 12 h darkness in a climate chamber and the activity of a compound is assessed as percent disease control compared to untreated when an appropriate level of disease damage appears on untreated check leaf segments (6 - 8 days after application).
  • Example B-5 Fusarium culmorum / liquid culture (Head blight)
  • Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format), the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24 °C and the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically 3 to 4 days after application.
  • nutrient broth PDB potato dextrose broth
  • Example B-6 Fusarium / wheat / spikelet preventative (Head blight) Wheat spikelets cv. Monsun are placed on agar in multiwell plates (24-well format) and sprayed with the formulated test compound diluted in water. The spikelets are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus
  • the inoculated spikelets are incubated at 20 °C and 60% rh under a light regime of 72 h semi darkness followed by 12 h light / 12 h darkness in a climate chamber and the activity of a compound is assessed as percent disease control compared to untreated when an appropriate level of disease damage appears on untreated check spikelets (6 - 8 days after application).
  • Example B-7 Gibberella zeae (Fusarium graminearum) / wheat / spikelet preventative (Head blight)
  • Wheat spikelets cv. Monsun are placed on agar in multiwell plates (24-well format) and sprayed with the formulated test compound diluted in water.
  • the spikelets are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus.
  • the inoculated test leaf disks are incubated at 20 °C and 60% rh under a light regime of 72 h semi darkness followed by 12 h light / 12 h darkness in a climate chamber, the activity of a compound is assessed as percent disease control compared to untreated when an appropriate level of disease damage appears on untreated check spikelets (6 - 8 days after application).
  • Example B-8 Phaeosphaeria nodorum (Septoria nodorum) / wheat / leaf disc preventative (Glume blotch) Wheat leaf segments cv. Kanzler are placed on agar in a multiwell plate (24-well format) and sprayed with the formulated test compound diluted in water. The leaf disks are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus
  • test leaf disks are incubated at 20 °C and 75% rh under a light regime of 12 h light / 12 h darkness in a climate cabinet and the activity of a compound is assessed as percent disease control compared to untreated when an appropriate level of disease damage appears in untreated check leaf disks (5 - 7 days after application).
  • Example B-9 Monoqraphella nivalis (Microdochium nivale) / liquid culture (foot rot cereals)
  • Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format), the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24 °C and the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically 4 to 5 days after application.
  • nutrient broth PDB potato dextrose broth
  • Example B-10 Mycosphaerella arachidis (Cercospora arachidicola) / liquid culture (early leaf spot)
  • Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format), the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24 °C and the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically 4 to 5 days after application.
  • nutrient broth PDB potato dextrose broth
  • Example B-11 Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici / wheat / leaf disc curative (Brown rust)
  • Wheat leaf segments cv. Kanzler are placed on agar in multiwell plates (24-well format). The leaf segments are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus. Plates are stored in darkness at 19 °C and 75% rh. The formulated test compound diluted in water is applied 1 day after inoculation. The leaf segments are incubated at 19 °C and 75% rh under a light regime of 12 h light / 12 h darkness in a climate cabinet and the activity of a compound is assessed as percent disease control compared to untreated when an appropriate level of disease damage appears in untreated check leaf segments (6 - 8 days after application).
  • Example B-12 Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici / wheat / leaf disc preventative (Brown rust)
  • Wheat leaf segments cv. Kanzler are placed on agar in multiwell plates (24-well format) and sprayed with the formulated test compound diluted in water.
  • the leaf disks are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus 1 day after application.
  • the inoculated leaf segments are incubated at 19 °C and 75% rh under a light regime of 12 h light / 12 h darkness in a climate cabinet and the activity of a compound is assessed as percent disease control compared to untreated when an appropriate level of disease damage appears in untreated check leaf segments (7 - 9 days after application).
  • Example B-13 Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae) / liquid culture (Rice Blast)
  • Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth).
  • test compound After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format), the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24 °C and the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically 3 to 4 days after application.
  • DMSO DMSO
  • Example B-14 Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae) / rice / leaf disc preventative (Rice Blast)
  • Rice leaf segments cv. Ballila are placed on agar in a multiwell plate (24-well format) and sprayed with the formulated test compound diluted in water.
  • the leaf segments are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus 2 days after application.
  • the inoculated leaf segments are incubated at 22 °C and 80% rh under a light regime of 24 h darkness followed by 12 h light / 12 h darkness in a climate cabinet and the activity of a compound is assessed as percent disease control compared to untreated when an appropriate level of disease damage appears in untreated check leaf segments (5 - 7 days after application).
  • Example B-15 Pyrenophora teres / barley / leaf disc preventative (Net blotch)
  • Barley leaf segments cv. Hasso are placed on agar in a multiwell plate (24-well format) and sprayed with the formulated test compound diluted in water.
  • the leaf segments are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus 2 days after application.
  • the inoculated leaf segments are incubated at 20 °C and 65% rh under a light regime of 12 h light / 12 h darkness in a climate cabinet and the activity of a compound is assessed as disease control compared to untreated when an appropriate level of disease damage appears in untreated check leaf segments (5 - 7 days after application).
  • Example B-16 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum / liquid culture (cottony rot)
  • Mycelia fragments of a newly grown liquid culture of the fungus are directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format) the nutrient broth containing the fungal material is added. The test plates are incubated at 24 °C and the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically 3-4 days after application.
  • nutrient broth PDB potato dextrose broth
  • Example B-17 Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici) / liquid culture (Septoria blotch) Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format), the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24 °C and the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically 4-5 days after application.
  • DMSO DMSO

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Abstract

A compound of formula (I) wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, and the agrochemically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, enantiomers, tautomers and N-oxides of those compounds, which can be used as fungicides.

Description

MICROBIOCIDAL PYRAZOLE DERIVATIVES
The present invention relates to microbiocidal pyrazole derivatives, e.g., as active ingredients, which have microbiocidal activity, in particular fungicidal activity. The invention also relates to preparation of these pyrazole derivatives, to intermediates useful in the preparation of these pyrazole derivatives, to the preparation of these intermediates, to agrochemical compositions which comprise at least one of the pyrazole derivatives, to preparation of these compositions and to the use of the pyrazole derivatives or compositions in agriculture or horticulture for controlling or preventing infestation of plants, harvested food crops, seeds or non-living materials by phytopathogenic microorganisms, in particular fungi.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a compound of formula (I):
Figure imgf000002_0001
wherein
R1 is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, or Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl;
R2 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy, C2-C4-alkenyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl, Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C4-alkyoxy, Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C4-alkyoxy-Ci-C2-alkyoxy, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonyl, N- Ci-C4-alkoxy-Ci-C4-alkyl-carbonimidoyl, N-hydroxy-Ci-C4-alkyl-carbonimidoyl, or Ci-C4-alkoxycarbonyl;
R3 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, or Ci-C4-alkyl;
R4 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, cyano, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonyl, Ci-C4-alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C4- alkylaminocarbonyl, or di(Ci-C4-alkylamino)carbonyl;
R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or Ci-C4-alkyl;
A1, A2 and A3 are independently selected from CR7, N, NR8, O, or S, with the proviso that at least one of A1, A2 and A3 is selected from N, O, or S, and that no more than one of A1, A2 and A3 is O or S;
R7 and R8 are independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, or C2-C4-alkynyl;
B1 is CR9 or N, B2 is CR10 or N, B3 is CR11 or N, B4 is CR12 or N, with the proviso that only one of B1, B2, B3, and B4 is N;
R10, R11, R12 and R13 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, amino, hydroxy, carboxylic acid, cyano, Ci-C4-alkyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy, Ci-C4-haloalkoxy, C2-C4-alkenyloxy, C2-C4-alkynyloxy, C1-C4 alkylsulfanyl, Ci-C4-alkylsulfinyl, Ci-C4-alkylsulfonyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy-Ci-C4 alkyl, N-Ci-C4-alkylamino, N,N-di(Ci- C4-alkyl)amino, Ci-C4-alkoxycarbonyl, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonyl, N-Ci-C4alkoxy-Ci-C4alkyl-carbonimidoyl, N- hydroxy-Ci-C4-alkyl-carbonimidoyl, Ci-C4-alkylaminocarbonyl, di(Ci-C4-alkyl)aminocarbonyl, C1-C4- alkylcarbonylamino, Ci-C4-alkylsulfonylamino, trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy, phenyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; wherein said 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl contains 1 , 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O or S, with the proviso that no more than one is O or S; and wherein any of said phenyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl and Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, Ci-C4-alkyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, or Ci-C4-alkoxy; and
Z1 is selected from 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, pyrazin-2-yl, pyridazin-3-yl, pyridazin-4-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, or pyrimidin-5-yl; wherein any of said pyridyl-, pyrazin- pyridazine, and pyrimidin-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, cyano, Ci-C4-alkyl, Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, Ci-C4-haloalkoxy, Ci-C4-alkoxy, Ci-C4-alkylsulfanyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfinyl, or Ci-C4-alkylsulfonyl; or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or N-oxide thereof.
Surprisingly, it has been found that the compounds of formula (I) have, for practical purposes, a very advantageous level of biological activity for protecting plants against diseases that are caused by fungi.
According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided an agrochemical composition comprising a fungicidally effective amount of a compound of formula (I) according to the invention. Such an agricultural composition may further comprise at least one additional active ingredient and/or an agrochemically- acceptable diluent or carrier.
According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of controlling or preventing infestation of useful plants by phytopathogenic microorganisms, wherein a fungicidally effective amount of a compound of formula (I) according to the invention, or a composition comprising the compound of formula (I), is applied to the plants, to parts thereof or the locus thereof.
According to a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided the use of a compound of formula (I) according to the invention as a fungicide. According to this particular aspect of the invention, the use may exclude methods for treatment of the human or animal body by surgery or therapy and diagnostic methods practised on the human or animal body.
Compounds of formula (I) which have at least one basic centre can form, for example, acid addition salts, for example with strong inorganic acids such as mineral acids, for example perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, nitrous acid, a phosphorus acid or a hydrohalic acid, with strong organic carboxylic acids, such as C1- C4alkanecarboxylic acids which are unsubstituted or substituted, for example by halogen, for example acetic acid, such as saturated or unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, for example oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid or phthalic acid, such as hydroxycarboxylic acids, for example ascorbic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid or citric acid, or such as benzoic acid, or with organic sulfonic acids, such as Ci- 04 alkane- or arylsulfonic acids which are unsubstituted or substituted, for example by halogen, for example methane- or p-toluenesulfonic acid. Compounds of formula (I) which have at least one acidic group can form, for example, salts with bases, for example mineral salts such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, for example sodium, potassium or magnesium salts, or salts with ammonia or an organic amine, such as morpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, a mono-, di- or tri-lower-alkylamine, for example ethyl-, diethyl-, triethyl- or dimethylpropylamine, or a mono-, di- or trihydroxy-lower-alkylamine, for example mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
In each case, the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are in free form, in oxidized form as a N-oxide or in salt form, e.g., an agronomically usable salt form.
N-oxides are oxidized forms of tertiary amines or oxidized forms of nitrogen containing heteroaromatic compounds. They are described for instance in the book “Heterocyclic N-oxides” by A. Albini and S. Pietra, CRC Press, Boca Raton 1991.
The compounds of formula (I) according to the invention also include hydrates which may be formed during the salt formation.
Where substituents are indicated as being “optionally substituted”, this means that they may or may not carry one or more identical or different substituents, e.g., one, two or three Rx substituents. For example, Ci-Cealkyl substituted by 1 , 2 or 3 halogens, may include, but not be limited to, -CH2CI, -CHCI2, -CCh, -CH2F, -CHF2, - CF3, -CH2CF3 or -CF2CH3 groups. As another example, Ci-Cealkoxy substituted by 1 , 2 or 3 halogens, may include, but not be limited to, CH2CIO-, CHCI2O-, CCI3O-, CH2FO-, CHF2O-, CF3O-, CF3CH2O- or CH3CF2O- groups. Further the term “optionally substituted”, as used herein, can be used interchangeably with the term “unsubstituted or substituted”.
As used herein, the term "halogen" or “halo” refers to fluorine (fluoro), chlorine (chloro), bromine (bromo) or iodine (iodo), preferably fluorine, chlorine or bromine. This also applies, correspondingly, to halogen in combination with other meanings, such as haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, haloalkoxy, and halocycloalkyl.
As used herein, amino means a -NH2 group.
As used herein, cyano means a -CN group.
As used herein, the term “hydroxyl” or “hydroxy” means an -OH group.
As used herein, the term “carboxylic acid” means a -COOH group.
As used herein, the term "Ci-Cn-alkyl” refers to a saturated straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical attached via any of the carbon atoms having 1 to n carbon atoms, for example, any one of the radicals methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1 -methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2, 2-dimethylpropyl, 1 -ethylpropyl, n-hexyl, n- pentyl, 1 ,1 -dimethylpropyl, 1 , 2-dimethylpropyl, 1 -methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1 ,1 -dimethylbutyl, 1 ,2-dimethylbutyl, 1 ,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1 -ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1 ,1 ,2-trimethylpropyl, 1 ,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1 -ethyl-1 -methylpropyl, or 1-ethyl-2- methylpropyl.
As used herein, the term “C2-Cn-alkenyl” refers to a straight or branched alkenyl chain moiety having from two to n carbon atoms and one or two double bonds, for example, ethenyl, prop-1 -enyl, but-2-enyl. As used herein, the term “C2-Cn-alkynyl” refers to a straight or branched alkynyl chain moiety having from two to n carbon atoms and one triple bond, for example, ethynyl, prop-2-ynyl, but-3-ynyl,
As used herein, the term “Cs-Cn-cycloalkyl” refers to three (3) to n membered cycloalkyl radical such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
As used herein, the term "Ci-Cn-alkoxy" refers to a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having one (1) to n carbon atoms (as mentioned above) which is attached via an oxygen atom, i.e., for example, any one of the radicals methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, 1 -methylethoxy, n-butoxy, 1 -methylpropoxy, 2-methylpropoxy and 1 ,1 -dimethylethoxy. The term “C2-Cn-alkenyloxy” as used herein refers to a straight-chain or branched alkenyl chain having two (2) to n carbon atoms (as mentioned above) which is attached via an oxygen atom.
As used herein, the term "C2-Cn alkynyloxy" refers to a radical of the formula -ORa where Ra is a C2-Cn alkynyl radical as generally defined above.
As used herein, the term “Ci-Cn-alkoxy-Ci-Cn-alkyl” refers to an alkyl radical (as mentioned above) substituted with a Ci-Cn-alkoxy group. Examples are methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxymethyl and propoxymethyl.
As used herein, the term “Ci-Cn-alkyl-Ci-Cn-alkoxy” refers to a radical of the formula -CRa-ORb, where Ra is a Ci-Cn-alkyl group as defined above, and Rb refers to an Ci-Cn-alkyl group as defined above.
As used herein, the term “Ci-Cn-alkyl-Ci-Cn-alkoxy-Ci-Cn-alkoxy” refers to a radical of the formula -CRa-ORb- ORc, where Ra is a Ci-Cn-alkyl group as defined above, and Rb and Rc refer to an Ci-Cn-alkyl group as defined above.
As used herein, the term “C3-Cn-cycloalkyl-Ci-Cn-alkyl” refers to an alkyl radical (as mentioned above) substituted with a Cs-Cn-cycloalkyl group. Examples are cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopropylethyl. Similarly, the term “C3-Cn-halocycloalkyl-Ci-Cn-alkyl” refers to an alkyl radical substituted with cycloalkyl group, wherein the cycloalkyl group is substituted by one or more of the same or different halogen atoms. Examples are 3,3- difluorobutylmethyl and 1 -chlorocyclopropylmethyl.
As used herein, the term "Ci-Cn-haloalkyl" refers to a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical attached via any of the carbon atoms having 1 to n carbon atoms (as mentioned above), where some or all of the hydrogen atoms in these radicals may be replaced by fluorine, chlorine, bromine and/or iodine, i.e., for example, any one of chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chlorofluoromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloroethyl, 2- bromoethyl, 2-iodoethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2-fluoropropyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 2,2- difluoropropyl, 2,3-difluoropropyl, 2-chloropropyl, 3-chloropropyl, 2,3-dichloropropyl, 2-bromopropyl, 3- bromopropyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 3,3,3-trichloropropyl, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3- pentafluoropropyl, heptafluoropropyl, 1- (fluoromethyl)-2-fluoroethyl, 1-(chloromethyl)-2-chloroethyl, 1 -(bromomethyl)-2-bromoethyl, 4-fluorobutyl, 4- chlorobutyl, 4-bromobutyl or nonafluorobutyl. Accordingly, a term "Ci-C2fluoroalkyl" would refer to a Ci-C2alkyl radical which carries 1 , 2, 3, 4, or 5 fluorine atoms, for example, any one of difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 1 - fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1 ,1 ,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl or pentafluoroethyl. Similarly, the term “C2-Cn-haloalkenyl” or “C2-Cn-haloalkynyl” as used herein refers to a C2-Cn-alkenyl or C2- Cn-alkynyl radical respectively substituted with one or more halogen atoms which may be the same or different. Similarly, the term “Cs-Cn-halocycloalkyl” or “Ci-Cn-haloalkoxy” as used herein refers to a Cs-Cn-cycloalkyl radical or Ci-Cn-alkoxyl radical respectively substituted with one or more halo atoms which may be the same or different.
As used herein, the term “Ci-Cn-alkylth io“ or “Ci-Cn-alkylsulfanyl“refers to a Ci-Cn-alkyl group linked through a sulfur atom.
As used herein, the term “Ci-Cn-haloalkylthio“ or “Ci-Cn-haloalkylsulfanyl“refers to a Ci-Cnhaloalkyl group linked through a sulfur atom.
As used herein, the term “Ci-Cn-alkylsulfinyl“ refers to a Ci-Cnalkyl group linked through the sulfur atom of a sulfinyl (or S(=O)-) group.
As used herein, the term “Ci-Cn-alkylsulfonyl“ refers to a Ci-Cnalkyl group linked through the sulfur atom of a sulfonyl (or S(=O)2-) group.
As used herein, the term “Ci-Cn-alkylsulfonyl-Ci-Cn-alkyl” refers to an a Ci-Cnalkyl radical substituted with a Ci-Cnalkylsulfonyl group.
As used herein, the term “Ci-Cn-alkylcarbonyl” refers to a Ci-Cn-alkyl group linked through the carbon atom of a carbonyl (C=O) group.
As used herein, the term “Ci-Cn-alkoxycarbonyl” refers to a Ci-Cn-alkoxy moiety linked through a carbon atom of a carbonyl (or C=O) group.
As used herein, the term “Ci-Cn-alkoxycarbonyl-Ci-Cn-alkyl” refers to a Ci-Cn-alkyl radical substituted by a “C1- Cn-alkoxycarbonyl group.
As used herein, the term “benzoyl” refers to a phenyl group linked through the carbon atom of a carbonyl (C=O) group.
As used herein, the term “Ci-Cn-haloalkoxycarbonyl” refers to a Ci-Cn-haloalkoxy group linked through the carbon atom of a carbonyl (C=O) group.
As used herein, the term “C2-Cn-alkenyloxycarbonyl” refers to a C2-Cn-alkenyloxycarbonyl group linked through the carbon atom of a carbonyl (C=O) group.
As used herein, the term “Ci-Cn-alkylaminocarbonyl” refers to a Ci-Cn-alkylamino group (or RaNHC(=O)-, wherein Ra is a Ci-Cn-alkyl group) linked through the carbon atom of a carbonyl (C=O) group.
As used herein, the term “aminocarbonyl-Ci-Cn-alkyl” refers to a Ci-Cn-alkyl radical substituted by an aminocarbonyl (or NH2C(=O)-) group. As used herein, the term “Ci-Cn-alkylaminocarbonyl-Ci-Cn-alkyl” refers to a Ci-Cn-alkyl radical substituted by a Ci-Cn-alkylaminocarbonyl (or RaNHC(=O)-) group, wherein Ra is a Ci-Cn-alkyl group. The Ci-Cn-alkyl group linked to the nitrogen may be substituted.
As used herein, the term “N-Ci-Cn alkylamino” refers to a radical of the formula -NH-Ra where Ra is a Ci-Cn- alkyl radical as defined above.
As used herein, the term "N,N-di(Ci-Cn alkyl)amino" refers to a radical of the formula -N(Ra)Ra where each Ra is a Ci-n alkyl radical, which may be the same or different, as defined above.
As used herein, the term “Ci-Cn-alkylcarbonyloxy-Ci-Cn-alkyl” refers to a Ci-Cn-alkyl radical substituted by a Ci-Cn-alkylcarbonyloxy (or RaC(=O)O-) group, wherein Ra is a Ci-Cn-haloalkyl group.
As used herein, the term “Ci-Cn-alkoxycarbonyloxy-Ci-Cn-alkyl” refers to a Ci-Cn-alkyl radical substituted by a Ci-Cn-alkoxycarbonyloxy (or RcC(=O)O-) group, wherein Rc is a Ci-Cn-alkoxy group. The Ci-Cn-alkoxy group linked to the nitrogen may be substituted.
As used herein, the term “N-C1-C4 alkoxy-C-Ci-C4 alkyl-carbonimidoyl” refers to a radical of the formula - C(Ra)=NO(Rb) where Ra is a C1-C4 alkyl radical as generally defined above, and Rb is a C1-C4 alkyl radical as generally defined above.
As used herein the term “N-hydroxy-C-Ci-C4alkyl-carbonimidoyl” refers to a radical of the formula -C(Ra)=NOH where Ra is a C1-C4 alkyl radical as generally defined above.
As used herein, the term “heteroaryl" refers to a 5- or 6-membered aromatic monocyclic ring radical which comprises 1 , 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O or S. Examples of heteroaryl include, but are not limited to, furanyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl or pyridyl. The term “heteroaryl-Ci-Cn-alkyl” or “heteroaryl- Cs-Cn-cycloalkyl” refers to an Ci-Cn-alkyl or Cs-Cn-cycloalkyl radical respectively substituted by a heteroaryl group. The heteroaryl-Ci-Cn-alkyl or heteroaryl-Cs-Cn-cycloalkyl radical may be substituted on heteroaryl, alkyl and/or cycloalkyl group as appropriate.
As used herein, the term "controlling" refers to reducing the number of pests, eliminating pests and/or preventing further pest damage such that damage to a plant or to a plant derived product is reduced.
As used herein, the term "pest" refers to insects, and molluscs that are found in agriculture, horticulture, forestry, the storage of products of vegetable origin (such as fruit, grain, and timber); and those pests associated with the damage of man-made structures. The term pest encompasses all stages in the life cycle of the pest.
As used herein, the term "effective amount" refers to the amount of the compound, or a salt thereof, which, upon single or multiple applications provides the desired effect.
An effective amount is readily determined by the skilled person in the art, using known techniques and by observing results obtained under analogous circumstances. In determining the effective amount, a number of factors are considered including, but not limited to the type of plant or derived product to be applied; the pest to be controlled and its lifecycle; the particular compound applied; the type of application; and other relevant circumstances.
As used herein, the term “room temperature” or “RT” or “rt” or “ambient temperature” refer to a temperature of about 15°C to about 35°C. For example, rt can refer to a temperature of about 20°C to about 30°C.
The following list provides definitions, including preferred definitions, for substituents R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, B1, B2, B3, B4, A1, A2, A3 and Z1 with reference to the compounds of formula (I) of the present invention. For any one of these substituents, any of the definitions given below may be combined with any definition of any other substituent given below or elsewhere in this document.
In one embodiment of the invention R1 is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, or Cs-Cecycloalkyl. In another embodiment of the invention, R1 is C1-C4 alkyl. In Preferably R1 is C1-C3 alkyl. More preferably, R1 is methyl, ethyl or isopropyl. Still more preferably, R1 is methyl.
In one embodiment of the invention, R2 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy, C2-C4- alkenyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl, Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C4-alkyoxy, Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C4-alkyoxy- Ci-C2-alkyoxy, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonyl, N-Ci-C4-alkoxy-Ci-C4-alkyl-carbonimidoyl, N-hydroxy-Ci-C4-alkyl- carbonimidoyl, or Ci-C4-alkoxycarbonyl. Preferably R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, Ci-Cs-alkoxy, C3-C6- cycloalkyl, Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C2-alkyoxy, Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C4-alkyoxy-Ci-C2-alkyoxy, Ci-C2-alkylcarbonyl, N-C1-C2- alkoxy-C-Ci-C2-alkyl-carbonimidoyl, or N-hydroxy-C-Ci-C2 alkyl-carbonimidoyl. Even more preferably R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, Ci-Cs-alkoxy, Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl, or Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C2-alkyoxy. Still even more preferably R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, Ci-Cs-alkoxy, or Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C2-alkyoxy.
In one embodiment of the invention, R2 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, C2-C4- alkynyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, Cs-Cecycloalkyl, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonyl, N-C1-C4 alkoxy-C-Ci-C4 alkyl-carbonimidoyl, N- hydroxy-C-Ci-C4 alkyl-carbonimidoyl, or Ci-C4-alkoxycarbonyl. In another embodiment of the invention, R2 is hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonyl, N-Ci-C4-alkoxy-Ci-C4-alkyl- carbonimidoyl, or N-hydroxy-Ci-C4-alkyl-carbonimidoyl. Preferably R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, cyclopropyl, Ci-C2-alkylcarbonyl, N-Ci-C2-alkoxy-C-Ci-C2-alkyl-carbonimidoyl, or N-hydroxy-C-Ci-C2 alkyl- carbonimidoyl. More preferably R2 is hydrogen, halogen, Ci-Cs-alkyl, cyclopropyl, acetyl, -C(CH3)=NOCH3, - C(CH3)=NOCH2CH3, or -C(CH3)=NOH. Still more preferably R2 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, or Ci-C4 alkyl. In a preferred embodiment of the invention R2 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, or C1-C3 alkyl. Most preferably R2 is hydrogen, chlorine, or methyl. In one preferred embodiment R2 is hydrogen. In another preferred embodiment R2 is methyl. In still another preferred embodiment R2 is chlorine. In another preferred embodiment R2 is cyclopropyl.
In another embodiment of the invention, R2 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, or C3-C6- cycloalkyl. Preferably R2 is hydrogen, halogen, Ci-Cs-alkyl, or Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl. More preferably R2 is hydrogen, chlorine, methyl, or cyclopropyl. In another embodiment of the invention, R2 is selected from Ci-C4-alkoxy, Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C4-alkyoxy, or Ci-C2- alkyl-Ci-C4-alkyoxy-Ci-C2-alkyoxy. Preferably, R2 is Ci-Cs-alkoxy, Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C3-alkyoxy, or Ci-C2-alkyl- Ci-C3-alkyoxy-Ci-C2-alkyoxy. More preferably R2 is methoxy, ethoxy, meth oxy methyl, or ethoxymethyl.
In an embodiment of the invention, R3 is selected from hydrogen, halogen or C1-C4 alky. Preferably R3 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or methyl. More preferably R3 is hydrogen or methyl. Even more preferably R3 is hydrogen.
In one embodiment of the invention, R4 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, C1-C4 alkylcarbonyl, C1-C4 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C4 alkylaminocarbonyl, or di(Ci-C4 alkyl)aminocarbonyl. In another embodiment of the invention, R4 is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C4- alkoxycarbonyl. Preferably R4 is hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, Ci-Cs-alkyl, cyano, or CC>2Me. More preferably R4 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, or cyano. Even more preferably R4 is hydrogen or methyl. In one embodiment R4 is hydrogen. In another embodiment R4 is methyl.
In one embodiment of the invention, R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or C1-C4 alkyl. Preferably R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen or Ci-C2-alkyl. More preferably R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen or methyl. Even more preferably R5 and R6 are hydrogen.
In one embodiment of the invention, A1, A2 and A3 are independently selected from CR7, N, NR8, O, or S, with the proviso that at least one of A1, A2 and A3 is selected from N, O or S, and that no more than one of A1, A2 and A3 is O or S.
In another embodiment of the invention, A1, A2 and A3 are independently selected from CR7, N, O, or S, with the proviso that at least one of A1, A2 and A3 is selected from N, O or S, and that no more than one of A1, A2 and A3 is O or S.
In one embodiment of the invention, R7 and R8 are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C2-C4 alkenyl, or C2-C4 alkynyl. Preferably, R7 and R8 are independently selected from hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl. More preferably R7 and R8 are independently selected from hydrogen or methyl. More preferably, R7 and R8 are hydrogen.
In one embodiment of the invention, B1 is CR9 or N, B2 is CR10 or N, B3 is CR11 or N, B4 is CR12 or N, with the proviso that only one of B1, B2, B3, and B4 is N.
In another embodiment of the invention, B1 is CR9, B2 is CR10, B3 is CR11, and B4 is CR12, or B1 is N, B2 is CR10, B3 is CR11, and B4 is CR12, orB1 is CR9, B2 is N, B3 is CR11, and B4 is CR12, or B1 is CR9, B2 is CR10, B3 is N, and B4 is CR12, or B1 is CR9, B2 is CR10, B3 is CR11, and B4 is N. Preferably B1 is CR9, B2 is CR10, B3 is CR11, and B4 is CR12, or B1 is N, B2 is CR10, B3 is CR11, and B4 is CR12, orB1 is CR9, B2 is N, B3 is CR11, and B4 is CR12. More preferably B1 is CR9, B2 is CR10, B3 is CR11, and B4 is CR12.
In one embodiment of the invention, R9, R10, R11 and R12 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, amino, hydroxy, carboxylic acid, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 haloalkoxy, C2-C4 alkenyloxy, C2-C4 alkynyloxy, C1-C4 alkylsulfanyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfinyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfonyl, C1-C4 alkoxy-Ci-C4 alkyl, N-Ci-C4alkylamino, N,N-di(Ci-C4alkyl)amino, C1-C4 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C4 alkylcarbonyl, N-C1-C4 alkoxy- C1-C4 alkyl-carbonimidoyl, N-hydroxy-Ci-C4 alkyl-carbonimidoyl, C1-C4 alkylaminocarbonyl, di(Ci-C4 alkylamino)carbonyl), C1-C4 alkylcarbonylamino, C1-C4 alkylsulfonylamino, trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy, phenyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; wherein said 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl comprises 1 , 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S, with the proviso that no more than one is O or S; and wherein any of said phenyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl and C3-C6 cycloalkyl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or C1-C4 alkoxy.
In another embodiment of the invention R9 and R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, amino, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 haloalkoxy, C2-C4alkenyloxy, C2-C4 alkynyloxy, C1-C4 alkylsulfanyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfinyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfonyl, C1-C4 alkoxy-Ci-C4 alkyl, N-C1- C4alkylamino, N,N-di(Ci-C4alkyl)amino, C1-C4 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C4 alkylcarbonyl, N-Ci-C4 alkoxy-Ci-C4 alkyl- carbonimidoyl, N-hydroxy-Ci-C4 alkyl-carbonimidoyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy, carboxy, phenyl, 5- or 6- membered heteroaryl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl, wherein said 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl contains 1 , 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S; and wherein any of said phenyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl and Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C 4haloalkyl, or C1-C4 alkoxy.
In another embodiment of the invention R9 and R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, amino, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C2 haloalkyl, C1-C3 haloalkoxy, C1-C4 alkoxy, C2-C3alkenyloxy, C2-C3 alkynyloxy, C1- C2 alkylsulfanyl, C1-C2 alkylsulfinyl, C1-C2 alkylsulfonyl, Ci-C2 alkoxy-Ci-C2 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxycarbonyl, Ci- 02 alkylcarbonyl, N-C1-C2 alkoxy-C-Ci-C2 alkyl-carbonimidoyl, N-hydroxy-Ci-C2 alkyl-carbonimidoyl, hydroxy, C1-C2 alkylaminocarbonyl, di(Ci-C2 alkyl)aminocarbonyl, trifluoromethyl-sulfonyloxy, carboxy, phenyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; wherein said 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl comprises 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from N and O; and wherein any of said phenyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl and Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, or methyl.
In a preferred embodiment R9 and R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, amino, C1- C3 alkyl, C1-C2 haloalkyl, C1-C3 haloalkoxy, C1-C4 alkoxy, C2-C3alkenyloxy, C2-C3 alkynyloxy, Ci- 02 alkylsulfanyl, Ci-C2 alkylsulfnyl, C1-C2 alkylsulfonyl, C1-C2 alkoxy-Ci-C2 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxycarbonyl, Ci- 02 alkylcarbonyl, N-C1-C2 alkoxy-C-Ci-C2 alkyl-carbonimidoyl, N-hydroxy-Ci-C2 alkyl-carbonimidoyl, hydroxy, C1-C2 alkylaminocarbonyl, di(Ci-C2 alkylamino)carbonyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy, carboxy, phenyl, 2- cyanophenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 2-methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, [4- (trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-l-yl], [3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl], (3-cyanopyrazol-1-yl), (4-cyanopyrazol-1-yl), (5- chloropyrazol-1-yl), (4-chloropyrazol-1-yl), (3-chloropyrazol-1 -yl), (5-fluoropyrazol-1-yl), (4-fluoropyrazol-1-yl), (3-fluoropyrazol-1-yl), (3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl), (5-methylpyrazol-1-yl), (4-methylpyrazol-1-yl), (3- methylpyrazol-1-yl), pyrazol-1-yl, cyclopropyl, or 1 -cyanocyclopropyl. More preferably R9 and R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, chloro, fluoro, bromo, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy, 2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, allyloxy, prop-2-ynoxy, methylsulfanyl, methylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, 2-methoxy-ethoxymethyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, tertbutoxycarbonyl, acetyl, propanoyl, -C(CH3)=NOCH3, -C(CH3)=NOCH2CH3, -C(CH3)=NOH, methylaminocarbonyl, di(methylamino)carbonyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy, cyano, carboxy, phenyl, 2-cyanophenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 2-methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, [4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1- yl], [3-(trifluoromethyl) pyrazol-1-yl], (3-cyanopyrazol-1-yl), (4-cyanopyrazol-1-yl), (5-chloropyrazol-1-yl), (4- chloropyrazol-1-yl), (3-chloropyrazol-1-yl), (5-fluoropyrazol-1-yl), (4-fluoropyrazol-1-yl), (3-fluoropyrazol-1-yl), (3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl), (5-methylpyrazol-1-yl), (4-methylpyrazol-1-yl), (3-methylpyrazol-1-yl), pyrazol-1-yl, cyclopropyl, or 1 -cyanocyclopropyl.
Even more preferably R9 and R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, chloro, fluoro, bromo, methyl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy, 2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, methoxy, propoxy, allyloxy, prop-2-ynoxy, methylsulfanyl, methylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl, methoxymethyl, 2-, methoxy ethoxymethyl, methoxycarbonyl, acetyl, propanoyl, -C(CH3)=NOCH3, -C(CH3)=NOCH2CH3, -C(CH3)=NOH, methylaminocarbonyl, di(methylamino)carbonyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy, cyano, carboxy, phenyl, 2- cyanophenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, [4-(trifluoromethyl) pyrazol-1-yl], [3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl], (3-cyanopyrazol-1-yl), (4-cyanopyrazol-1-yl), (5-chloropyrazol-1-yl), (4-chloropyrazol-1-yl), (3-chloropyrazol-1- yl), (5-fluoropyrazol-1-yl), (4-fluoropyrazol-1-yl), (3-fluoropyrazol-1-yl), (3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl), (5- methylpyrazol-1-yl), (4-methylpyrazol-1-yl), (3-methylpyrazol-1-yl), pyrazol-1-yl, cyclopropyl, or 1- cyanocyclopropyl.
Still even more preferably R9 and R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, chloro, fluoro, bromo, methoxy, cyano, amino, carboxy, 2-cyanophenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, (3-cyanopyrazol-1-yl), (4- cyanopyrazol-1-yl), (5-chloropyrazol-1-yl), (4-chloropyrazol-1-yl), (3-chloropyrazol-1-yl), (5-fluoropyrazol-1-yl), (4-fluoropyrazol-1-yl), (3-fluoropyrazol-1-yl), (3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl), (5-methylpyrazol-1-yl), (4- methylpyrazol-1-yl), (3-methylpyrazol-1-yl), pyrazol-1-yl, cyclopropyl, and 1 -cyanocyclopropyl.
In still another embodiment of the invention R9 and R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, amino, C1-C4 alkoxy, phenyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl or C3-C6 cycloalky; wherein said 5- or 6- membered heteroaryl comprises 1 heteroatom selected from N; and wherein any of said phenyl, 5- or 6- membered heteroaryl and Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, or methyl.
More preferably R9 and R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, chloro, bromo, methoxy, cyano, amino, 2-cyanophenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, (3-cyanopyrazol-1-yl), (4-cyanopyrazol-1-yl), (3,5- dimethylpyrazol-1-yl), (5-methylpyrazol-1-yl), (4-methylpyrazol-1-yl), (3-methylpyrazol-1-yl), pyrazol-1-yl, cyclopropyl, or 1 -cyanocyclopropyl. Even more preferably R10 and R11 are independently selected from hydrogen, chloro, bromo, cyano, or amino. In another embodiment of the invention R9 and R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano. More preferably R10 and R11 are independently selected from hydrogen, chloro, bromo, or cyano.
In another embodiment of the invention R11 and R12 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, or C1-C4 alkoxy. Preferably R11 and R12 are independently selected from hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, or methyl. More preferably R11 and R12 are hydrogen.
In one embodiment Z1 is selected from 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, pyrazin-2-yl, pyridazin-3-yl, pyridazin-4- yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, or pyrimidin-5-yl; wherein any of said pyridyl-, pyrazin- pyridazine, or pyrimidin- moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, Ci- 04 haloalkyl, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl, C2-C4 alkynyl, C1-C4 haloalkoxy, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkylsulfanyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfinyl, or C1-C4 alkylsulfonyl. Preferably Z1 is selected from 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4- pyridyl, pyrazin-2-yl, pyridazin-3-yl, pyridazin-4-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, or pyrimidin-5-yl; wherein any of said pyridyl-, pyrazin- pyridazine or pyrimidin-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or C1-C4 alkyl. More preferably Z1 is selected from 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, pyrazin-2-yl, pyridazin-3-yl, pyridazin-4-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin- 4-yl, or pyrimidin-5-yl; wherein any of said pyridyl-, pyrazin- pyridazine or pyrimidin-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from fluorine, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, or methyl. More preferably Z1 is selected from 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, pyrazin-2-yl, pyridazin-3-yl, pyridazin-4-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, or pyrimidin-5-yl; wherein any of said pyridyl-, pyrazin- pyridazine or pyrimidin-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents selected from fluorine.
In another more preferred embodiment of the invention Z1 is selected from 5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl, 3,6-difluoro- 2-pyridyl, 4,6-difluoro-2-pyridyl, 4,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl, 5,6-difluoro-2-pyridyl, 3-fluoro-4-pyridyl, 2-fluoro-4- pyridyl, 2,3-difluoro-4-pyridyl, 2,5-difluoro-4-pyridyl, 2,6-difluoro-4-pyridyl, 3,5-difluoro-4-pyridyl, 2,5-difluoro-4- pyridyl, 2-fluoro-3-pyridyl, 6-fluoro-3-pyridyl, 5-fluoro-3-pyridyl, 4-fluoro-3-pyridyl, 2,6-difluoro-3-pyridyl, 2,5- difluoro-3-pyridyl, 2,4-difluoro-3-pyridyl, 4,6-difluoro-3-pyridyl, 5,6-difluoro-3-pyridyl, 6-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl, 2- fluoropyrimidin-4-yl, 2,5-difluoropyrimidin-4-yl, 2,6-difluoropyrimidin-4-yl, 5,6-difluoropyrimidin-4-yl, 4- fluoropyrimidin-5-yl, 2-fluoropyrimidin-5-yl, 2,4-difluoropyrimidin-5-yl, 4-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl, 5-fluoropyrimidin- 2-yl, 4,5-difluoropyrimidin-2-yl, 4,6-difluoropyrimidin-2-yl, 4-fluoropyridazin-3-yl, 5-fluoropyridazin-3-yl, 6- fluoropyridazin-3-yl, 4,5-difluoropyridazin-3-yl, 4,6-difluoropyridazin-3-yl, 5,6-difluoropyridazin-3-yl, 3- fluoropyridazin-4-yl, 6-fluoropyridazin-4-yl, 5-fluoropyridazin-4-yl, 3,6-difluoropyridazin-4-yl, 5,6- difluoropyridazin-4-yl, 3,5-difluoropyridazin-4-yl, 3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl, 3,4-difluoro-2-pyridyl, 6-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 4-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 5-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 3-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 4,5-difluoro-3-pyridyl, or 4-fluoropyrimidin-5-yl. Preferably Z1 is selected from 3-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 5-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 6-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 3,4-difluoro-2-pyridyl, 3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl, 2-fluoro-4-pyridyl, 5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl, 5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl, 4-fluoropyridazin-3-yl, 5- fluoropyridazin-3-yl, 4,5-difluoropyridazin-3-yl, or 5-fluoropyridazin-4-yl. More preferably Z1 is selected from 3- fluoro-2-pyridyl, 5-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 3,4-difluoro-2-pyridyl, 3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl, 2,6-difluoro-3-pyridyl, 4- fluoropyridazin-3-yl, 4,5-difluoropyridazin-3-yl or 5-fluoropyridazin-4-yl. Even more preferably Z1 is selected from 3-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 5-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 3,4-difluoro-2-pyridyl, 2,6-difluoro-3-pyridyl, or 3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl. Most preferably Z1 is selected from 3-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 5-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 3,4-difluoro-2-pyridyl, 2,6-difluoro-3- pyridyl, or 3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl.
In another preferred embodiment, Z1 is 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl, C2-C4 alkynyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, C1-C4 haloalkoxy, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkylsulfanyl, Ci- 04 alkylsulfinyl, or C1-C4 alkylsulfonyl. Preferably Z1 is 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or C1-C4 alkyl. More preferably Z1 is 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents selected from fluorine. Still more preferably Z1 is 3-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 5-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 3,4-difluoro-2-pyridyl, 3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl, or 2,6- difluoro-3-pyridyl. Even more preferably Z1 is 3-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 5-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 3,4-difluoro-2-pyridyl, 2,6- difluoro-3-pyridyl, or 3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl. Most preferably Z1 is 2,6-difluoro-3-pyridyl, or 3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl. In one embodiment Z1 is 2,6-difluoro-3-pyridyl. In another embodiment Z1 is 3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl.
In another embodiment of the invention, Z1 is selected from a 6-membered heteroaryl; wherein said heteroaryl comprises 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N; and wherein said 6-membered heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C2-C4 alkynyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 haloalkoxy, C1-C4 alkylsulfanyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfinyl, or Ci-C4 alkylsulfonyl. In one embodiment of the invention, Z1 is selected from a 6-membered heteroaryl; wherein said heteroaryl comprises 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N; and wherein said 6-membered heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, C1-C4 haloalkoxy, or C1-C4 alkoxy. Preferably Z1 is selected from a 6-membered heteroaryl; wherein said heteroaryl comprises 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N; and wherein said 6-membered heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents independently selected from halogen or C1-C4 haloalkyl. More preferably Z1 is selected from a 6-membered heteroaryl; wherein said heteroaryl comprises 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N; and wherein said 6-membered heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents selected from fluorine.
In still another embodiment of the invention, Z1 is selected from a 6-membered heteroaryl; wherein said heteroaryl comprises 1 heteroatom selected from N; and wherein said 6-membered heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, C1-C4 haloalkoxy, or C1-C4 alkoxy. Preferably Z1 is selected from a 6-membered heteroaryl; wherein said heteroaryl comprises 1 heteroatom selected from N; and wherein said 6-membered heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents independently selected from halogen or C1-C4 haloalkyl. More preferably Z1 is selected from a 6-membered heteroaryl; wherein said heteroaryl comprises 1 heteroatom selected from N; and wherein said 6-membered heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents selected from fluorine. The present invention, accordingly, makes available a compound of formula (I) having R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, A1, A2, A3, R7, R8, B1, B2, B3, B4, R9, R10, R11, R12 and Z1 as defined above in all combinations I each permutation.
Embodiments according to the invention are provided as set out below.
In one embodiment of the invention, there is provided a compound of formula (I):
Figure imgf000014_0001
wherein
R1 is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, or Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl;
R2 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, C3-C6- cycloalkyl, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonyl, N-Ci-C4-alkoxy-Ci-C4-alkyl-carbonimidoyl, N-hydroxy-Ci-C4-alkyl- carbonimidoyl, or Ci-C4-alkoxycarbonyl;
R3 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, or Ci-C4-alkyl;
R4 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, cyano, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonyl, Ci-C4-alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C4- alkylaminocarbonyl, or di(Ci-C4-alkylamino)carbonyl;
R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or Ci-C4-alkyl;
A1, A2 and A3 are independently selected from CR7, N, NR8, O, or S, with the proviso that at least one of A1, A2 and A3 is selected from N, O, or S, and that no more than one of A1, A2 and A3 is O or S;
R7 and R8 are independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, or C2-C4-alkynyl;
B1 is CR9 or N, B2 is CR10 or N, B3 is CR11 or N, B4 is CR12 or N, with the proviso that only one of B1, B2, B3, and B4 is N;
R10, R11, R12 and R13 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, amino, hydroxy, carboxylic acid, cyano, Ci-C4-alkyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy, Ci-C4-haloalkoxy, C2-C4-alkenyloxy, C2-C4-alkynyloxy, C1-C4 alkylsulfanyl, Ci-C4-alkylsulflnyl, Ci-C4-alkylsulfonyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy-Ci-C4 alkyl, N-Ci-C4-alkylamino, N,N-di(Ci- C4-alkyl)amino, Ci-C4-alkoxycarbonyl, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonyl, N-Ci-C4alkoxy-Ci-C4alkyl-carbonimidoyl, N- hydroxy-Ci-C4-alkyl-carbonimidoyl, Ci-C4-alkylaminocarbonyl, di(Ci-C4-alkyl)aminocarbonyl, C1-C4- alkylcarbonylamino, Ci-C4-alkylsulfonylamino, trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy, phenyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; wherein said 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl contains 1 , 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O or S, with the proviso that no more than one is O or S; and wherein any of said phenyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl and Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, Ci-C4-alkyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, or Ci-C4-alkoxy; and
Z1 is selected from 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, pyrazin-2-yl, pyridazin-3-yl, pyridazin-4-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, or pyrimidin-5-yl; wherein any of said pyridyl-, pyrazin- pyridazine, and pyrimidin-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, cyano, Ci-C4-alkyl, Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, Ci-C4-haloalkoxy, Ci-C4-alkoxy, Ci-C4-alkylsulfanyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfinyl, or Ci-C4-alkylsulfonyl; or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or N-oxide thereof.
In another embodiment of the invention, there is provided a compound of formula (I):
Figure imgf000015_0001
wherein
R1 is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, or Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl;
R2 is selected from Ci-C4-alkoxy, Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C4-alkyoxy, or Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C4-alkyoxy-Ci-C2-alkyoxy;
R3 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, or Ci-C4-alkyl;
R4 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, cyano, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonyl, Ci-C4-alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C4- alkylaminocarbonyl, or di(Ci-C4-alkylamino)carbonyl;
R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or Ci-C4-alkyl;
A1, A2 and A3 are independently selected from CR7, N, NR8, O, or S, with the proviso that at least one of A1, A2 and A3 is selected from N, O, or S, and that no more than one of A1, A2 and A3 is O or S;
R7 and R8 are independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, or C2-C4-alkynyl;
B1 is CR9 or N, B2 is CR10 or N, B3 is CR11 or N, B4 is CR12 or N, with the proviso that only one of B1, B2, B3, and B4 is N;
R10, R11, R12 and R13 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, amino, hydroxy, carboxylic acid, cyano, Ci-C4-alkyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy, Ci-C4-haloalkoxy, C2-C4-alkenyloxy, C2-C4-alkynyloxy, C1-C4 alkylsulfanyl, Ci-C4-alkylsulfinyl, Ci-C4-alkylsulfonyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy-Ci-C4 alkyl, N-Ci-C4-alkylamino, N,N-di(Ci- C4-alkyl)amino, Ci-C4-alkoxycarbonyl, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonyl, N-Ci-C4alkoxy-Ci-C4alkyl-carbonimidoyl, N- hydroxy-Ci-C4-alkyl-carbonimidoyl, Ci-C4-alkylaminocarbonyl, di(Ci-C4-alkyl)aminocarbonyl, C1-C4- alkylcarbonylamino, Ci-C4-alkylsulfonylamino, trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy, phenyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; wherein said 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl contains 1 , 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O or S, with the proviso that no more than one is O or S; and wherein any of said phenyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl and Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, Ci-C4-alkyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, or Ci-C4-alkoxy; and
Z1 is selected from 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, pyrazin-2-yl, pyridazin-3-yl, pyridazin-4-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, or pyrimidin-5-yl; wherein any of said pyridyl-, pyrazin- pyridazine, and pyrimidin-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, cyano, Ci-C4-alkyl, Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, Ci-C4-haloalkoxy, Ci-C4-alkoxy, Ci-C4-alkylsulfanyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfinyl, or Ci-C4-alkylsulfonyl; or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or N-oxide thereof.
In an embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (I) may be a compound of formula (l-A):
Figure imgf000016_0001
wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, B1, B2, B3, B4, R9, R10, R11, R12 and Z1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I) according to the present invention, and A is selected from A1 to A36:
Figure imgf000016_0002
wherein denotes the position, which is attached to the C(=O) group and the arrow denotes the position, which is attached to the Z1 group, and wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, B1, B2, B3, B4, R9, R10, R11, R12 and Z1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I) according to the present invention, and wherein R8 is selected from hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl.
Preferably the compound of formula (I) may be a compound of formula (l-A), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, B1, B2, B3, B4, R9, R10, R11, R12 and Z1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I) according to the present invention, and A is selected from one of A1 to A36, and wherein R8 is selected from methyl.
In an embodiment of the invention, in the compound of formula (l-A), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, B1, B2, B3, B4, R9, R10, R11, R12 and Z1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I) according to the present invention, and A is selected from A1 , A4, A6, A7, A9, A10, A13, or A15:
Figure imgf000017_0001
A9, A10, A13, or A15, wherein denotes the position, which is attached to the C(=O) group and the arrow denotes the position, which is attached to the Z1 group, and wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, B1, B2, B3, B4, R9, R10, R11, R12 and Z1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I) according to the present invention.
In another embodiment of the invention, in the compound of formula (l-A), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, B1, B2, B3, B4, R9, R10, R11, R12 and Z1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I) according to the present invention, and A is selected from A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10,
Figure imgf000017_0002
A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10, wherein denotes the position, which is attached to the C(=O) group and the arrow denotes the position, which is attached to the Z1 group.
In another embodiment of the invention, in the compound of formula (l-A), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, B1, B2, B3, B4, R9, R10, R11, R12 and Z1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I) according to the present invention, and A is selected from A4, A7, A9, or A10,
Figure imgf000018_0001
A4, A7, A9, or A10, wherein denotes the position, which is attached to the C(=O) group and the arrow denotes the position, which is attached to the Z1 group.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, in the compound of formula (l-A), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, B1, B2, B3, B4, R9, R10, R11, R12 and Z1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I) according to the present invention, and A is selected from A4 or A9,
Figure imgf000018_0002
A4, or A9, wherein denotes the position, which is attached to the C(=O) group and the arrow denotes the position, which is attached to the Z1 group.
In still another embodiment of the invention, in the compound of formula (l-A), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, B1, B2, B3, B4, R9, R10, R11, R12 and Z1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I) according to the present invention, and A is selected from A4.
In still another embodiment of the invention, in the compound of formula (l-A), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, B1, B2, B3, B4, R9, R10, R11, R12 and Z1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I) according to the present invention, and A is selected from A9.
In an embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (I) may be a compound of formula (I-A1), wherein B1 is CR9, B2 is CR10, B3 is CR11 and B4 is CR12, and A is as defined as for the compounds of formula
Figure imgf000018_0003
(I-A1) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12 and Z1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention. Preferably in a compound of formula (I-A1) R1 is Ci-Cs alkyl; R2 is hydrogen, halogen, Ci-Cs alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; A is as defined as for compounds of formula (l-A), and R9, R10, R11, R12 and Z1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
Preferably in a compound of formula (I-A1) R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; A is A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10; R9, R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano; R11, R12 are hydrogen; and Z1 is as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
Preferably in a compound of formula (I-A1) R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; A is A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10; R9, R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano; R11, R12 are hydrogen; and Z1 is 2- pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or C1-C4 alkyl.
Preferably in a compound of formula (I-A1) R1 is methyl; R2 is hydrogen, chlorine, methyl, or cyclopropyl; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; A is A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10; R9, R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano; R11, R12 are hydrogen; and Z1 is 2-pyridyl, 3- pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or Ci-C4 alkyl.
Preferably in a compound of formula (I-A1) R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; R2 is hydrogen, halogen, or C1-C3 alkyl; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; A is A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10; R9, R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano; R11, R12 are hydrogen; and Z1 is 2-pyridyl, 3- pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents selected from fluorine.
Preferably in a compound of formula (I-A1) R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; A is A4, or A9; R9, R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano; R11, R12 are hydrogen; and Z1 is 2-pyridyl, 3- pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents selected from fluorine.
In another preferred embodiment, in a compound of formula (I-A1) R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; R2 is Ci-Cs-alkoxy, C1- C2-alkyl-Ci-C3-alkyoxy, or Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C3-alkyoxy-Ci-C2-alkyoxy; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; A is as defined as for compounds of formula (l-A), and R9, R10, R11, R12 and Z1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
Preferably in a compound of formula (I-A1) R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; R2 is Ci-Cs-alkoxy, Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C3-alkyoxy, or Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C3-alkyoxy-Ci-C2-alkyoxy; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; A is A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10; R9, R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano; R11, R12 are hydrogen; and Z1 is as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention. Preferably in a compound of formula (I-A1) R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; R2 is Ci-Cs-alkoxy, Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C3-alkyoxy, or Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C3-alkyoxy-Ci-C2-alkyoxy; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; A is A4, A7, A9, or A10; R9, R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano; R11, R12 are hydrogen; and Z1 is 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or C1-C4 alkyl.
Preferably in a compound of formula (I-A1) R1 is methyl; R2 is Ci-Cs-alkoxy, or Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C3-alkyoxy; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; A is A4, A7, A9, or A10; R9, R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano; R11, R12 are hydrogen; and Z1 is 2-pyridyl, 3- pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or Ci-C4 alkyl.
Preferably in a compound of formula (I-A1) R1 is Ci-Cs alkyl; R2 is Ci-Cs-alkoxy, or Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C3-alkyoxy; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl;
R5 and R6 are hydrogen; A is A4, A7, A9, or A10; R9, R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano; R11, R12 are hydrogen; and Z1 is 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl- moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents selected from fluorine.
In an embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (I) may be a compound of formula (I-A2), wherein B1 is N, B2 is CR10, B3 is CR11 and B4 is CR12, and A is as defined as for the compounds of formula
(l-A) : w
Figure imgf000020_0001
1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
Preferably in a compound of formula (I-A2) R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; A is as defined as for compounds of formula (l-A), and R2, R10, R11, R12 and Z1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
Preferably in a compound of formula (I-A2) R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; A is as defined as for compounds of formula (l-A), and R10, R11, R12 and Z1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention. Preferably in a compound of formula (I-A2) R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; A is A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10; R10 is hydrogen, halogen, or cyano; R11, R12 are hydrogen; and Z1 is as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
Preferably in a compound of formula (I-A2) R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; A is A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10; R10 is hydrogen, halogen, or cyano; R11, R12 are hydrogen; and Z1 is 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or Ci-C4 alkyl.
In an embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (I) may be a compound of formula (I-A3), wherein B1 is CR9, B2 is N, B3 is CR11 and B4 is CR12, and A is as defined as for the compounds of formula (I- A) : w
Figure imgf000021_0001
1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
Preferably in a compound of formula (I-A3) R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; A is as defined as for compounds of formula (l-A), and R2, R9, R11, R12 and Z1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
Preferably in a compound of formula (I-A3) R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; A is as defined as for compounds of formula (l-A), and R9, R11, R12 and Z1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
Preferably in a compound of formula (I-A3) R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; A is A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10; R9 is hydrogen, halogen, or cyano; R11, R12 are hydrogen; and Z1 is as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
Preferably in a compound of formula (I-A3) R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; A is A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10; R9 is hydrogen, halogen, or cyano; R11, R12 are hydrogen; and Z1 is 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or Ci-C4 alkyl.
In an embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (I) may be a compound of formula (I-A4), wherein B1 is CR9, B2 is CR10, B3 is N and B4 is CR12, and A is as defined as for the compounds of formula (I- w
Figure imgf000022_0001
1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
Preferably in a compound of formula (I-A4) R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; A is as defined as for compounds of formula (l-A), and R2, R9, R10, R12 and Z1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
Preferably in a compound of formula (I-A4) R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; A is as defined as for compounds of formula (l-A), and R9, R10, R12 and Z1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
Preferably in a compound of formula (I-A4) R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; A is A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10; R9, R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano; R12 is hydrogen; and Z1 is as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
Preferably in a compound of formula (I-A4) R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; A is A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10; R9, R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano; R12 is hydrogen; and Z1 is 2-pyridyl, 3- pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or Ci-C4 alkyl.
In an embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (I) may be a compound of formula (I-A5), wherein B1 is CR9, B2 is CR10, B3 is CR11 and B4 is N, and A is as defined as for the compounds of formula (I- A) : w
Figure imgf000023_0001
1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
Preferably in a compound of formula (I-A5) R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; A is as defined as for compounds of formula (l-A), and R2, R9, R10, R11 and Z1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
Preferably in a compound of formula (I-A5) R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; A is as defined as for compounds of formula (l-A), and R9, R10, R11 and Z1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
Preferably in a compound of formula (I-A5) R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; A is A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10; R9, R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano; R11 is hydrogen; and Z1 is as defined for the compounds of formula (I), according to the present invention.
Preferably in a compound of formula (I-A5) R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; A is A4, A6, A7, A9, or A10; R9, R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano; R11 is hydrogen; and Z1 is 2-pyridyl, 3- pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or Ci-C4 alkyl.
The presence of one or more possible asymmetric carbon atoms in any of the compounds selected from compounds of formula (I), (l-A), (I-A1), (I-A2), (I-A3), (I-A4), or (l-A5), or compounds selected from compounds listed in Tables A-1 to A-23, or compounds listed in Table P (below), according to the invention means that the compounds may occur in chiral isomeric forms, i.e., enantiomeric or diastereomeric forms.
In one embodiment, the compound of formula (I) according to the invention is selected from compounds listed in any one of Tables A-1 to A-23.
In another embodiment, the compound of formula (I) according to the invention is selected from compounds as listed in Table P (below).
In another preferred embodiment, the compound of formula (I) according to the invention is selected from N- [2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide, N-[2- (6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxamide,
N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1 -methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-2- carboxamide, N-[2-(6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(2,6-difluoro-3-pyridyl)-1 ,3,4- thiadiazole-2-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(2,6-difluoro-3-pyridyl)-
1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(3-fluoro-2- pyridyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(5-fluoro-2- pyridyl) isoxazole-3-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(2- pyridyl) isoxazole-3-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(2,6-difluoro-3- pyridyl) isoxazole-3-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(4,6-difluoro-3- pyridyl)-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(4,6- difluoro-3-pyridyl)-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-
5-(6-fluoro-3-pyridyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-3-
(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-3-
(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-cyclopropyl-1-methyl-pyrazol-4- yl)propyl]-3-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-cyclopropyl-1- methyl-pyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1- methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(3-fluoro-4-pyridyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1- methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-3-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-cyano-2- pyridyl)-2-(1 ,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-3-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide, N-[2-(6- cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(1 ,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(1 ,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)ethyl]-3-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-5- carboxamide, N-[2-(6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(1 ,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)ethyl]-5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole- 3-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1 ,5-dimethylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(3,5-difluoro-2- pyridyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1 ,5-dimethylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-3-(3,5-difluoro- 2-pyridyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1 ,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-3- (3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1 ,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4- yl)propyl]-5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1 ,3,5- trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)ethyl]-3-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2- (1 ,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)ethyl]-5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)- 2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-2-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)oxazole-4-carboxamide, or A/-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)- 2-(1 ,5-dimethylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-3-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide.
In another preferred embodiment, the compound of formula (I) according to the invention is selected from N- [2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-[5-(methoxymethyl)-1-methyl-pyrazol-4-yl]propyl]-5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-
3-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1-methyl-pyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(3,5-difluoro-2- pyridyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-3- (3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-
4-yl)propyl]-5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3- dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl)ethyl]-3-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(5- methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl)ethyl]-5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-cyano-2- pyridyl)-2-[5-(methoxymethyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl]ethyl]-5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-3- carboxamide, N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-3-(3,5-difluoro-2- pyridyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5- (3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-[5-(methoxymethyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl- pyrazol-4-yl]propyl]-3-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-[5- (methoxymethyl)-l ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl]propyl]-5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide, N-[2-(6- chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl)ethyl]-3-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-5- carboxamide, N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl)ethyl]-5-(3,5-difluoro-2- pyridyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide, N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-[5-(methoxymethyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4- yl]ethyl]-3-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-5-carboxamide, or N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-[5-(methoxymethyl)- 1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl]ethyl]-5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide.
According to a fifth aspect of the invention, there is provided an intermediate compound of formula (III) or a salt thereof:
Figure imgf000025_0001
wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, B1, B2, B3, B4, R9, R10, R11, and R12 correspond to the same definitions as for the compounds of formula (I) according to the present invention.
The intermediate compounds of formula (III) possess the same definitions for R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, B1, B2, B3, B4, R9, R10, R11, and R12 as for the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention and their corresponding preferences.
Preferably in the intermediate of formula (III) R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce- cyclopropyl; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; B1 is CR9, B2 is CR10, B3 is CR11,B4 is CR12; R9, R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano; R11 is hydrogen; and Z1 is as defined for the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention and their corresponding preferences.
More preferably in the intermediate of formula (III) R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs- Ce-cyclopropyl; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; B1 is CR9, B2 is CR10, B3 is CR11,B4 is CR12; R9, R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano; R11 is hydrogen; and Z1 is 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or C1-C4 alkyl.
Even more preferably in the intermediate of formula (III) R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce-cyclopropyl; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, or methyl; R5 and R6 are hydrogen; B1 is CR9, B2 is CR10, B3 is CR11,B4 is CR12; R9, R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano; R11 is hydrogen; and Z1 is 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents selected from fluorine.
The presence of one or more possible asymmetric carbon atoms in a compound of formula (III) according to the invention means that the compounds may occur in chiral isomeric forms, i.e., enantiomeric or diastereomeric forms.
According to a sixth aspect of the invention, there is provided an intermediate of formula (II)
Figure imgf000026_0001
wherein A1, A2, A3, and Z1 correspond to the same definitions as for the compounds of formula (I) according to the present invention.
The intermediate compounds of formula (II) possess the same definitions for A1, A2, A3, and Z1 as for the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention and their corresponding preferences.
In one embodiment of the invention, the intermediate of formula (II) may be a compound of formula (11-1):
Figure imgf000026_0002
wherein Z1 is as defined for the compounds of formula (I) according to the present invention, and A is selected from A1 to A36, as defined above for compounds of formula (l-A).
Preferably in the intermediate of formula (11-1), Z1 is as defined for the compounds of formula (I) according to the present invention, and A is selected from A4, A7, A9, or A10,
Figure imgf000026_0003
A4, A7, A9, or A10, wherein denotes the position, which is attached to the C(=O) group and the arrow denotes the position, which is attached to the Z1 group.
Even more preferably in the intermediate of formula (11-1), A is selected from A4, A7, A9, or A10, and Z1 is 2- pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or C1-C4 alkyl. Still even more preferably in the intermediate of formula (11-1), A is selected from A4, A7, A9, or A10, and Z1 is 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4- pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 substituents selected from fluorine. The compounds of formula (I) according to the present invention can be made as shown in the following Schemes below, in which, unless otherwise stated, the definition of each variable is as defined above for a compound of formula (I).
In any of the Schemes below, the presence of one or more possible asymmetric carbon atoms in a compound of formula (I) according to the invention means that the compounds may occur in chiral isomeric forms, i.e., enantiomeric or diastereomeric forms.
Compounds of formula (I) may be prepared from compounds of formula (III) by reaction with a compound of formula (II) using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) or N-(3- Dimethylaminopropyl)-N’-ethylcarbodiimide (EDAC HCI) together with an additive such as 1- hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt), Hydroxy-3, 4-dihydro-4-oxo-1 ,2, 3-benzotriazine (HODhbt), N- hydroxysuccinimide (HOSu), 1-Hydroxy-7-aza-1 H-benzotriazole (HOAt) or 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP). This reaction is shown in Scheme 1 .
Figure imgf000027_0001
Scheme 1
Alternatively, compounds of formula (I) may be prepared by reacting a compound of formula (Ila) with a compound of formula (III) in an inert solvent such as tetra hydrofuran (THF), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), dichloromethane (DCM), toluene and the like, optionally in the presence of an inorganic base, for example aqueous sodium hydroxide, or potassium carbonate, or in the presence of an organic base such as trimethylamine (TEA) or diisopropyl amine. The latter reaction with organic bases can optionally be carried out in the presence of a catalyst such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). Compounds of formula (Ila), wherein X° is halogen, preferably chlorine, can be prepared from compounds of formula (II) by treatment with a halogenating agent, such as thionyl chloride (SOCI2), or oxalyl chloride (COCI2), in an inert solvent as noted above, optionally in the presence of catalytic quantities of N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) (Scheme 2).
Figure imgf000027_0002
Scheme 2 Acylation reactions of carboxylic acids such as compounds of formula (II) with amines such as compounds of formula (III) are well known to those skilled in the art and described for example in Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2020, 4641-4651 , and references cited therein, and by methods described vide infra.
Compounds of formula (II) are commercially available or can be prepared according to, or analogous to, procedures described in the literature. For example, WO2018/019929, Org. Proc. Res. Dev. 2020, 24(2), 228- 234, WO2018/019929, Lett. Org. Chem. 2010, 7(7), 502-507, and J. Het Chem. 2015, 52(6), 1823-1833.
Compounds of formula (III), or salts thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, B1, B2, B3 and B4 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I), may be prepared by a person skilled in the art by a reaction between nitriles of formula (IV), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, B1, B2, B3 and B4 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I), and a suitable nucleophile such as (dimethyl sulfide)dihydroboron (BMS) in a suitable aprotic solvent such as THF, for example as described in J. Org. Chem. 1981 47, 3153. Alternatively, Grignard reagents R5MgBr or R6MgBr, wherein R5 and R6 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I), may be added as nucleophiles to compounds of formula (IV), sequentially or simultaneously, to allow more highly substituted amines of formula (III) to be prepared. Such Grignard additions to nitriles are carried out in an inert solvent such as diethyl ether, tert-butylmethyl ether, and cyclopentyl methyl ether in the presence of a Lewis acid such as Ti(O-'Pr)4 (see Synlett 2007, (4), 652-654). This reaction is shown in Scheme 3.
Figure imgf000028_0001
Compounds of formula (IV), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, B1, B2, B3 and B4 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I), may be prepared by a person skilled in the art following known methods. More specifically, compounds of formula (IV), and intermediates thereof, may be prepared from compounds of formula (V) (Scheme 4).
Figure imgf000028_0002
For example, compounds of formula (IV), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, B1, B2, B3 and B4 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I) and R4 is different from hydrogen, may be prepared by a person skilled in the art by deprotonation of compound of formula (IVa), wherein R4 is hydrogen, and R1, R2, R3, B1, B2, B3 and B4 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I), using a strong base such as n-butyl lithium or sodium hydride at cryogenic temperatures in an inert solvent such as THF, followed by addition of a suitable alkylating agent R4-X°, wherein X° is halogen, for example iodomethane. Compounds of formula (IVa), wherein R4 is hydrogen, and R1, R2, R3, B1, B2, B3 and B4 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I), may be prepared from alcohols of formula (V) by treatment with cyanotrimethylsilane (TMSCN) in the presence of a base such as lithium carbonate in a nonpolar solvent such as DCM at temperatures between 0°C and the boiling point of the reaction mixture. Such transformations are well known in the literature under a variety of conditions, for example as described in Org. Lett. 2008, 10, 4570 and references therein. This reaction is shown in Scheme 4.
Compounds of formula (V) may be prepared from compounds of formula (VI), respectively from any of compounds of formula (Via), (Vlb), (Vic), (Vid) or (Vie), as shown in Scheme 5.
Figure imgf000029_0001
Scheme 5
As shown in Scheme 5, compounds of formula (VII), wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I) and X01 is bromo or iodo, are metallated with an appropriate reagent such as turbo Grignard (isopropyl magnesium chloride-lithium chloride complex), or an alkyl lithium, such as n-butyl lithium to give an intermediate Grignard or alkyl lithium reagent (M is MgX01 or Lithium). Such metal insertions into C- X01 bonds are well known to those skilled in the art and are generally carried out at temperatures between - 78°C to room temperature, in inert solvents such as ethers, e.g., tert-butyl methyl ether or THF and the like. Solutions of the metallated species (Vila) are then treated with compounds of formula (VI), respectively (Via), (Vlb), (Vic), (Vid), or (Vie) to give compounds of formula (V). Similar reactions of these type have been described in for example WO2012/102297 and Bio. Med. Chem. Lett. 2017, 27(17), 4044-4050 (X01 is Br, n- butyl lithium) and Ang. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, 55(17), 5332-5336, US 2014/0349990, WG2002/004424, WG2021/009068 (X01 is I, Turbo Grignard).
Compounds of formula (VI) and (VII) are either commercially available or are readily prepared by methods known by those skilled in the art. A further synthesis of compounds of formula (I) involves treatment of compounds of formula (VIII) with a base, such as sodium hydride or n-butyl lithium, in an inert solvent, such as THF, and subsequent alkylation with compounds of formula (IX), wherein R4 is as described under formula (I) and X02 is a leaving group such as halogen, mesylate or tosylate, to yield compounds of formula (X). This reaction is shown in Scheme 6.
Figure imgf000030_0001
Scheme 6
Compounds of formula (X), wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I), are then treated with a strong base such as sodium hydride or an alkyl lithium base such as n-butyl lithium in an inert solvent, such as THF or tert-butyl methyl ether, at temperatures between -78°C to room temperature, followed by addition of a compound of formula (XI), respectively any of compounds of formula (Xia), (Xlb), (Xlc), (Xld) or (Xie), wherein R9, R10, R11, and R12 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I), and X03 is a leaving group such as halogen, preferably F, Cl or Br to give compounds of formula (IV) (Scheme 7).
Figure imgf000030_0002
Scheme 7 Compounds of formula (IV) are converted into compounds of formula (I) as previously described in Schemes
1 , 2 and 3. Those skilled in the art will recognize that conversion of compounds (VIII) into compounds of formula (IV) can be carried out sequentially or in the same reaction vessel, enabling a streamlined conversion of compounds of formula (VIII) to compounds of formula (IV). This is described in more details in the preparative examples. Compounds of formula (la), wherein R1, R2, R3, R5, Q, A1, A2, A3 and Z1 are as described above for compounds of formula (I) and R4 and R6 are hydrogen, can also be prepared by treatment of compounds of formula (VI), respectively any of compounds of formula (Via), (Vlb), (Vic), (Vid) or (Vie), with compounds of formula (XII), wherein R5 is as described above for compounds of formula (I) in the presence of a base, such as triethyl amine, optionally in an inert solvent, such as ethanol or methanol, to give compounds of formula (XIII). These compounds may be isolated and converted to compounds of formula (XIV) by treatment with an anhydride, such as trifluoroacetic acid anhydride, in an inert solvent, such as DCM, in the presence of a base, for example triethyl amine. This reaction is shown in Scheme 8.
Figure imgf000031_0001
Scheme 8
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that compounds of formula (VI) can be converted into compounds of formula (XIV) without isolation of the intermediates of formula (XIII). Such reactions, known as the Henry reactions, are well described in the literature, as evidenced in Tetrahedron 2001 , 57(6), 915-945, and references cited therein. Compounds of formula (XIV) can be converted into compounds of formula (XV) by treatment with compounds of formula (Vila) (see Scheme 5) in an inert solvent such as THF (Scheme 9).
Figure imgf000031_0002
Scheme 9
Similar Michael additions of organometallics to nitro alkenes have been reported for example in Org. Lett. 2007, 9, 85-87. Reduction of the nitro group in compounds of formula (XV) to the amine to give compounds of formula (Illa), wherein R1, R2, R3, R5, B1, B2, B3 and B4 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I) and R4 and R6 are hydrogen, can be achieved by a multitude of methods generally known to those skilled in the art, such as Bechamp reduction, or reduction with hydrogen in the presence of a metal catalyst (Scheme 10).
Figure imgf000032_0001
Scheme 10
Compounds of formula (Illa) are converted into compounds of formula (la) by the methods described in
Schemes 1 and 2.
Further compounds according to the invention can be prepared by derivatization at a later stage in the synthesis using a key central intermediate. For example, compounds of formula (I), wherein B1 is C-X04, B2 is CR10, B3 is CR11, B4 is CR12, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R10, R11, R12, A1, A2, A3 and Z1 are as defined above for the compounds of formula (I), and X04 is halogen, preferably bromine or chlorine, i.e. compounds of formula (la):
Figure imgf000032_0002
allow further chemistry to be carried out such as palladium catalysed carbonylations, Suzuki reactions, Stille couplings, copper catalysed introduction of sulfonyl groups, haloalkyl groups, and cyano moieties, as well as SnAr reactions with a variety of nucleophiles. Examples of such reactions are shown in Scheme 11 .
Figure imgf000033_0001
Scheme 11
As shown in Scheme 11 , compounds of formula (la), wherein B1 is C-X04, B2 is CR10, B3 is CR11, B4 is CR12, and R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R10, R11, R12, A1, A2, A3 and Z1 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I), and R9 is cyano, namely compounds of formula (lb), can be obtained from compound of formula (la) by treatment with an inorganic cyanide source such as CuCN an inert solvent such as dimethylformamide (DMF) or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone at temperatures between 0°C and 150°C. Such reactions are well known in the literature, for example, in J. Het. Chem. 1987, 24(2), 373-6, Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1994, (10), 1049-53, and Org. Prep. Proc. Int. 1985, 17(6), 391-9. Other methods for introduction of the cyano group by substitution of a halogen atom are known in the art. See, for example, Science of Synthesis 2004, 19, 173-195.
Compounds of formula (I), wherein B1 is CR9a, B2 is CR10, B3 is CR11, B4 is CR12, and R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R10, R11, R12, A1, A2, A3 and Z1 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I), and R9a is Ci-C4 haloalkyl, namely compounds of formula (Ic), can be prepared by treating compounds of formula (la) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R10, R11, R12, A1, A2, A3 and Z1 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I), and X04 is halogen, preferably bromine, with compounds of formula (XVI), wherein R9a is Ci-C4 haloalkyl, in an inert solvent such as DMF or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone at temperatures between room temperature and 150°C. Such reactions are known in the literature (Org. Lett. 2014, 16(6), 1744-1747). Compounds of formula (I), wherein B1 is CR9b, B2 is CR10, B3 is CR11, B4 is CR12, and R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R10, R11, R12, A1, A2, A3 and Z1 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I), and R9b is phenyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl, wherein the 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl comprises 1 , 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O or S, and wherein any of said phenyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl and C3-C6 cycloalkyl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, orCi-C4 alkoxy, namely compounds of formula (Id), can prepared (as shown in Scheme 11) by a Suzuki reaction, which involves, for example, reacting compounds of formula (la), wherein X04 is a leaving group like, for example, chlorine, bromine or iodine, with compounds of formula (XVIIa), wherein YM can be a boron-derived functional group, as for example B(OH)2 or B(ORbi)2, wherein Rbi can be a C1-C4 alkyl group or the two groups ORbi can form, together with the boron atom, a five membered ring, as for example a pinacol boronic ester. The reaction is catalyzed by a palladium-based catalyst, for example tefra/«s(triphenylphosphine)-palladium or (1 ,1 '-bis(diphenylphosphino)-ferrocene)dichloropalladium- dichloromethane (1 :1 complex), in presence of a base, like sodium carbonate or cesium fluoride, in a solvent or a solvent mixture, like, for example, a mixture of 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane and water, or dioxane and water, or methyl THF and water, preferably under inert atmosphere. The reaction temperature can preferentially range from room temperature to the boiling point of the reaction mixture. Such Suzuki reactions are well known to those skilled in the art and have been reviewed, for example, in J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 576, 147-168.
Alternatively, compounds of formula (Ic) can be prepared by a Stille reaction of compounds of formula (XVIIb), wherein Yb2 is a trialkyl tin derivative, preferably tri-n-butyl tin, with compounds of formula (la). Such Stille reactions are carried out in the presence of a palladium catalyst, for example fefrak/s(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or (1 ,1 '-bis(diphenylphosphino)-ferrocene)dichloropalladium- dichloromethane (1 :1 complex), in an inert solvent such as DMF, acetonitrile, or dioxane, optionally in the presence of an additive, such as cesium fluoride, or lithium chloride, and optionally in the presence of a further catalyst, for example copper(l) iodide. Such Stille couplings are also well known to those skilled in the art, and have been described, for example, in J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 8601-8604, J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 5599-5602, and Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 1132-1136. A large number of compounds of formula (XVIIa) and (XVIIb) are commercially available or can be prepared by those skilled in the art. Further compounds available from compounds of formula (la) are shown in Scheme 12.
Figure imgf000035_0001
Scheme 12
As shown in Scheme 12, compounds of formula (I), wherein B1 is CX04, B2 is CR10, B3 is CR11, B4 is CR12, and R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R10, R11, R12, A1, A2, A3 and Z1 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I), and X04 is a leaving group like, for example, chlorine, bromine or iodine, namely compounds of formula (la), can be treated with compounds of formula (XVIII) under Stille reactions conditions to give compounds of formula (le). Compounds of formula (le) can be isolated, or directly hydrolysed under aqueous acidic conditions to give compounds of formula (If). Such reactions are known in the literature and have been described, for example, in Synthesis 2001 , (10), 1551-1555, and Tetrahedron 2001 , 57(13), 2507-2514. Compounds of formula (If) can be converted to compound of formula (Ig), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R10, R11, R12, A1, A2, A3 and Z1 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I), and R13 is hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl by treatment of compounds of formula (If) with compounds of formula (XIX) (or a salt thereof), wherein R13 is hydrogen or Ci-C4 alkyl, in an inert solvent such as methanol, ethanol, THF, methyl-THF, optionally in the presence of an inorganic base such as sodium or potassium carbonate, or organic bases such as triethylamine and the like. Many examples for the preparation of such oximes are known in the literature (see, for example, Molecules 2019, 24, 2470 and references cited therein) and are well known to those skilled in the art.
Further compounds that can be prepared from compounds of formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R10, R11, R12, A1, A2, A3 and Z1 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I), and X04 is a leaving group like, for example, chlorine, bromine, or iodine, namely compounds of formula (la), are shown in Scheme 13.
Figure imgf000036_0001
Scheme 13
As shown in Scheme 13, compounds of formula (la) can be carbonylated to give compounds of formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R10, R11, R12, A1, A2, A3 and Z1 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I), and R14 is C1-C4 alkyl, namely compounds of formula (Ih). In such alkoxycarbonylations, compounds of formula (la) are reacted with carbon monoxide, usually under pressure, in the presence of metal catalyst such as a palladium catalyst (for example, palladium^ I) acetate, [1 ,1 '-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene] palladium^ I) dichloride Pd(dppf)Cl2, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(ll) dichloride PdCl2(PPfi3)2 or bis(diphenylphosphino)propane]palladium(ll) dichloride PdCh(dippp)), optionally in the presence of a phosphine ligand such as triphenylphosphine or 1 ,1 '-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene, in an alcohol R14OH solvent (typically methanol or ethanol), wherein R14 is C1-C4 alkyl, optionally in the presence of a co-solvent (e.g. toluene, dioxane or N,N-dimethylformamide), and preferably in the presence of a base, such as for example trimethylamine, at temperatures between 20°C and 200°C, preferably between 50°C and 180°C. Such carbonylation reactions are well known to those skilled in the art and also in the literature (see J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 7102-7107, and references cited therein). Such compounds of formula (Ih) can be easily saponified to compounds of formula (li) under conditions known to those skilled in the art, for example_conditions such as aqueous sodium, potassium or lithium hydroxide in methanol, ethanol, THF or dioxane at room temperature, or up to refluxing conditions. Alternatively, treating ester compounds of formula (Ih) with halide anions, preferably chloride anions, originating from, for example, lithium chloride (or alternatively, sodium or potassium chloride), in solvents such as DMF, N,N-dimethylacetamide or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, may also generate the carboxylic acid compounds of formula (li). The reaction temperatures for such an O-demethylation range preferably from 20°C to the boiling point of the reaction mixture, or the reaction may be performed under microwave irradiation. Compounds of formula (li) can be converted to amides of formula (Ij), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R10, R11, R12, A1, A2, A3 and Z1 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I), and R15 and R16 are independently hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl, namely compounds of formula (Ij). Such reactions usually involve activating the carboxyl group, followed by treatment with a compound R15R16NH or using coupling agents to perform the direct conversion of the acids to the amides upon treatment with compounds of formula R15R16NH. These methods have been discussed vide supra in Schemes 1 and 2.
Compounds of formula (li) can be converted to compounds of formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R10, R11, R12, A1, A2, A3 and Z1 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I), and R9 is amino, namely compounds of formula (Ik), by a so called Curtius rearrangement. In the Curtius rearrangement compounds of formula (Ij) are treated with an organo-azide in the presence of a suitable base and optionally in the presence or absence of Lewis acids, in an inert solvent at temperatures between 50°C and 200°C. Examples of organo- azide include TMSN3, sodium azide, diphenyl phosphoryl azide or tosyl azide and suitable solvent may be toluene, xylene, THF or acetonitrile. Example of suitable Lewis acids may include Zn(OTf)2 amongst others. The isocyanates formed in the rearrangement react with water to form carbamates which decarboxylate under the reaction conditions to the corresponding amines of formula (Ik). Alternatively, the reactions can be carried out in alcohols, e.g., t-butyl alcohol, allowing the t-butyl carbamates to be isolated. These in turn can be cleaved in a separate step by methods known to those skilled in the art with acids (such as trifluoroacetic acid) to yield compounds of formula (Ik). Examples of such Curtius reactions have been reported, for example, in Org. Let. 2005, 7, 4107-4110, J. Med. Chem. 2006, 49(12), 3614-3627, and Tetrahedron 1974, 30, 2151-2157. Compounds of formula (Ik) so obtained can be amidated to compounds of formula (Im), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R10, R11, R12, A1, A2, A3 and Z1 are as defined above for the compound of formula (I), and R18 is C1-C4 alkyl by treatment with compounds of formula (XX) according to the amidation methods described vide supra. Those skilled in the art will recognize that such chemistry can be applied to any of the compounds of formula (I), at the postions R9, R10, R11 or R12 when the later groups are a leaving group such as a halogen atom.
Compounds of formula (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX), (XI), (XII), (XVI), (XVIIa), (XVIIb), (XIX), and (XX) are easily prepared by those skilled in the art or can be purchased.
Compounds of formula (II), wherein A1 is N, A2 is O, A3 is CH, and Z1 are as described under formula (I) namely compounds of formula (He) can be prepared as shown in Scheme 14.
Figure imgf000038_0001
Scheme 14
As shown in scheme 14, compounds of formula (lie) wherein Z1 is as described above and X05 is C1-C4 alkyl may be prepared by hydrolysis of compounds of formula (lib) by treatment with, for example, an alkaline earth metal hydroxide in water, or with a water miscible organic solvent, such as THF, methanol, ethanol and the like. Such ester hydrolyses are well known to those skilled in the art. Compounds of formula (lib) can be obtained by the treatment of compounds of formula (XXIII) wherein Z1 is as defined above for the compound of formula (I) and X05 is C1-C4 alkyl with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in a polar solvent, for example ethanol and optionally in the presence of a base, e.g., TEA, K2CO3 and the like.
Compounds of formula (XXIII) are prepared by reaction of compounds of formula (XXI), wherein Z1 is defined above for the compound of formula (I), with compounds of formula (XXII) or compounds of formula (XXIIa), wherein X05 is C1-C4 alkyl in presence of base such potassium tert-butoxide, sodium hydride or Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in a solvent such THF or toluene. Similar reaction sequences to those described in scheme 14 to prepare compounds of formula (lib) and (lie) have been described in for example CN111072582 and WO2019/195810, and WO2018/019929. Further reaction conditions for preparation of compounds of formula (XXIII) are described in for example Bioorg. & Med. Chem. 2016, 109, 350-359.
Compounds of formula (II) wherein A1 is O, A2 and A3 are N, and Z1 is as previously described, namely compounds of formula (He) can be prepared as shown in Scheme 15.
Figure imgf000038_0002
Scheme 15
As shown in scheme 15, compounds of formula (He) are obtained by ester hydrolysis of compounds of formula (lid) as described previously in scheme 14. Compounds of formula (lid), wherein Z1 is as defined under formula (I) and X05 is C1-C4 alkyl are prepared by reaction of compounds of formula (XXIIa) with compounds of formula (XXIV), optionally in the presence of base, for example pyridine or triethylamine, in a solvent such as acetonitrile, chloroform or THF. Similar reactions have been reported in for example Bioorg. & Med. Chem. 2016, 24(22), 5693-5701 and CN114933573. Compounds of formula (XXIV) wherein Z1 is as defined above for the compound of formula (I), can be obtained by treatment of compounds of formula (XXV) with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in presence of base such K2CO3 or Na2COs in a polar solvent for example ethanol. The reaction can also be performed without base using a solution of hydroxylamine. Such reactions have been described in, for example, Bioorg. & Med. Chem. Lett. 2020, 30(21), 127508 and Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2016, 26(23), 5679-5684.
Compounds of formula (XXIV) wherein Z1 is as defined above for the compound of formula (I), may be also prepared by “one-pot” synthesis via Pd-catalyzed cyanation and amidoximation of compound of formula (XXVI) wherein Z1 is a defined above for the compound of formula (I) using potassium ferrocyanide trihydrate and hydroxylamine hydrochloride as described in for example Org. Biomol. Chem. 2015, 13(9), 2541-2545.
Compounds of formula (II) wherein A1 and A2 are N, and A3 is O, and Z1 is as previously described, (namely compounds of formula (llg)), and A1 and A2 are N, and A3 is S, and Z1 is as previously described (namely compounds of formula (Hi)) can be prepared as shown in scheme 16.
Figure imgf000039_0001
Scheme 16
As shown in scheme 16, compounds of formula (llg) and (Hi) are obtained by ester hydrolysis of (Ilf) and (llg), respectively. In the latter compounds, X05 and Z1 are as previously described. Compounds of formula (Ilf) are obtained from compounds of formula (Ilf) are obtained by dehydration of compounds of formula (XXVII). Compounds of formula (XXVII) are obtained by acylation of hydrazides of formula (XXVIII) with compounds of formula (XXIIa). Such sequences of reactions to produce oxadiazoles is well known to those skilled in the art. Similar reactions are described in Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2005, 15, 1423-1428 and W02006/044617. Compounds of formula (XXVII) can also be prepared by reaction of activated carboxylic acids of formula (XXIXa), wherein Z1 and X05 are as described as previously and in Scheme 1 respectively with compounds of formula (XXX). Compounds of formula (XXIXa) can be prepared from the corresponding acids of formula (XXIX) as described in scheme 1. Such reactions are described for example in, for example, J. Prakt. Chem. 1985, 327, 109-116. Compounds of formula (llh) can also be prepared from the common intermediate of formula (XXVII), wherein Z1 and X05 are as previously described, by treatment with Lawesson’s reagent or phosphorous pentasulfide neat, or in inert solvents such as toluene or xylene. Similar reactions are known in the literature (see for example WO2010/006713, W02009/149858 and J. Org Chem. 1961 , 26, 4410-12).
Compounds of formula (II) wherein A1 is O, A2 is N, A3 is methine, and Z1 is as previously described, namely compounds of formula (Ilk), can be prepared, for example, as shown in scheme 17.
Figure imgf000040_0001
Scheme 17
As shown in scheme 17, compounds of formula (Ilk) are readily obtained by hydrolysis of esters of formula (llj) by methods known to those skilled in the art and described vide supra. Compounds of formula (llj) can be obtained by reaction of compounds of formula (XXXI) with compounds of formula (XXXII) in the presence of an oxidizing agent, for example (diacetoxyiodo)benzene or N-chlorosuccinimide, in an inert solvent such as methanol or DMF respectively. Such reaction sequences have been described, for example, in J. Het. Chem. 2013, 50(4), 774-780 and J. Chin. Chem. See. 2007, 54(3), 643-652. Compounds of formula (XXXI) are readily prepared from compounds of formula (XXXIII), wherein Z1 is as described under formula (I), by treatment with hydroxylamine under conditions well known to those skilled in the art.
A compound of formula (I) as defined in any of the embodiments of the present invention can be converted in a manner known per se into another compound as defined in any of the embodiments of the present invention by replacing one or more substituents of the starting compound in the customary manner by (an)other substituent(s) according to the invention. Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that compounds of formula (I) can be further transformed to further derivatives of formula (I) by, for example, alkylation, nucleophilic substitution, elimination, C-C-bond forming reactions in the presence of metal catalysts, heteroatom-carbon bond formation in the presence of metal catalysts, oxidation, and reduction.
Depending on the choice of the reaction conditions and starting materials which are suitable in each case, it is possible, for example, in one reaction step only to replace one substituent by another substituent according to the invention, or a plurality of substituents can be replaced by other substituents according to the invention in the same reaction step. Salts of compounds of formula (I) may be prepared in a manner known perse. Thus, for example, acid addition salts of compounds of formula (I) are obtained by treatment with a suitable acid or a suitable ion exchanger reagent and salts with bases are obtained by treatment with a suitable base or with a suitable ion exchanger reagent.
Salts of compounds of formula (I) can be converted in the customary manner into the free compounds (I), acid addition salts, for example, by treatment with a suitable basic compound or with a suitable ion exchanger reagent and salts with bases, for example, by treatment with a suitable acid or with a suitable ion exchanger reagent.
Salts of compounds of formula (I) can be converted in a manner known per se into other salts of compounds of formula (I), acid addition salts, for example, into other acid addition salts, for example by treatment of a salt of inorganic acid such as hydrochloride with a suitable metal salt such as a sodium, barium or silver salt, of an acid, for example with silver acetate, in a suitable solvent in which an inorganic salt which forms, for example silver chloride, is insoluble and thus precipitates from the reaction mixture.
Depending on the procedure or the reaction conditions, the compounds of formula (I), which have salt-forming properties, can be obtained in free form or in the form of salts.
The compounds of formula (I) and, where appropriate, the tautomer’s thereof, in each case in free form or in salt form, can be present in the form of one of the isomers which are possible or as a mixture of these, for example in the form of pure isomers, such as antipodes and/or diastereomers, or as isomer mixtures, such as enantiomer mixtures, for example racemates, or diastereomer mixtures, depending on the number, absolute and relative configuration of asymmetric carbon atoms which occur in the molecule and/or depending on the configuration of non-aromatic double bonds which occur in the molecule, the invention relates to the pure isomers and also to all isomer mixtures which are possible and is to be understood in each case in this sense hereinabove and herein below, even when stereochemical details are not mentioned specifically in each case.
Diastereomeric mixtures or racemic mixtures of compounds of formula (I), in free form or in salt form, which can be obtained depending on which starting materials and procedures have been chosen can be separated in a known manner into the pure diastereomers or racemates on the basis of the physicochemical differences of the components, for example by fractional crystallization, distillation and/or chromatography.
Enantiomeric mixtures, such as racemates, which can be obtained in a similar manner can be resolved into the optical antipodes by known methods, for example by recrystallization from an optically active solvent, by chromatography on chiral adsorbents, for example high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on acetyl cellulose, with the aid of suitable microorganisms, by cleavage with specific, immobilized enzymes, via the formation of inclusion compounds, for example using chiral crown ethers, where only one enantiomer is complexed, or by conversion into diastereomeric salts, for example by reacting a basic end-product racemate with an optically active acid, such as a carboxylic acid, for example camphor, tartaric or malic acid, or sulfonic acid, for example camphorsulfonic acid, and separating the diastereomer mixture which can be obtained in this manner, for example by fractional crystallization based on their differing solubilities, to give the diastereomers, from which the desired enantiomer can be set free by the action of suitable agents, for example basic agents.
Pure diastereomers or enantiomers can be obtained according to the invention not only by separating suitable isomer mixtures, but also by generally known methods of diastereoselective or enantioselective synthesis, for example by carrying out the process according to the invention with starting materials of a suitable stereochemistry.
It is advantageous to isolate or synthesize in each case the biologically more effective isomer, for example enantiomer or diastereomer, or isomer mixture, for example enantiomer mixture or diastereomer mixture, if the individual components have a different biological activity.
As an example, compounds with more than one asymmetric carbon atoms may exist in diastereomeric forms which can be optionally separated using for example supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) chromatography with chiral columns. Such diastereomers can show a different fungicidal activity profile, but all isomers and diastereomers form part of this invention.
The compounds of formula (I) have at least two chiral carbon atoms, (two stereocenters, wherein the star (*) indicates the chiral carbon atom), such there are at least four stereoisomers available. These at least four stereoisomers consist of two sets of enantiomers.
Figure imgf000042_0001
For compounds of formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, B1, B2, B3, B4, A1, A2, A3, A4 and Z1 are as defined for the compounds of formula (I) and wherein R4, and at least one of R5 and R6 is not hydrogen, the relationship between enantiomers and diastereomers is illustrated in Scheme 18.
Figure imgf000043_0001
A person skilled in the art is well aware that these diastereomers and enantiomers of formula (I) (as shown in Scheme 18) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, B1, B2, B3, B4, A1, A2, A3, A4 and Z1 are as defined for formula (I) and wherein R4 and at least one of R5 and R6 is not hydrogen, are within the scope of the invention.
The compounds of formula (I) and, where appropriate, the tautomers thereof, in each case in free form or in salt form, can, if appropriate, also be obtained in the form of hydrates and/or include other solvents, for example those which may have been used for the crystallization of compounds which are present in solid form.
As already indicated, surprisingly, it has now been found that the compounds of formula (I) of the present invention have, for practical purposes, a very advantageous level of biological activity for protecting plants against diseases that are caused by fungi.
The compounds of formula (I) according to the invention can be used in the agricultural sector and related fields of use, e.g., as active ingredients for controlling plant pests or on non-living materials for the control of spoilage microorganisms or organisms potentially harmful to man. The novel compounds are distinguished by excellent activity at low rates of application, by being well tolerated by plants and by being environmentally safe. They have very useful curative, preventive and systemic properties and can be used for protecting numerous cultivated plants. The compounds of formula (I) can be used to inhibit or destroy the pests that occur on plants or parts of plants (fruit, blossoms, leaves, stems, tubers, roots) of different crops of useful plants, while at the same time protecting also those parts of the plants that grow later, e.g., from phytopathogenic microorganisms.
The present invention further relates to a method for controlling or preventing infestation of plants or plant propagation material and/or harvested food crops susceptible to microbial attack by treating plants or plant propagation material and/or harvested food crops wherein an effective amount a compound of formula (I) according to the invention is applied to the plants, to parts thereof or the locus thereof.
It is also possible to use a compound of formula (I) according to the invention as a fungicide. The term “fungicide” as used herein means a compound that controls, modifies, or prevents the growth of fungi. The term “fungicidally effective amount” where used means the quantity of such a compound or combination of such compounds that is capable of producing an effect on the growth of fungi. Controlling or modifying effects include all deviation from natural development, such as killing, retardation and the like, and prevention includes barrier or other defensive formation in or on a plant to prevent fungal infection.
It may also be possible to use compounds of formula (I) according to the invention as dressing agents for the treatment of plant propagation material, e.g., seed, such as fruits, tubers or grains, or plant cuttings, for the protection against fungal infections as well as against phytopathogenic fungi occurring in the soil. The propagation material can be treated with a composition comprising a compound of formula (I) before planting: seed, for example, can be dressed before being sown. The active compounds of formula (I) can also be applied to grains (coating), either by impregnating the seeds in a liquid formulation or by coating them with a solid formulation. The composition can also be applied to the planting site when the propagation material is being planted, for example, to the seed furrow during sowing. The invention relates also to such methods of treating plant propagation material and to the plant propagation material so treated.
Furthermore, the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention can be used for controlling fungi in related areas, for example in the protection of technical materials, including wood and wood related technical products, in food storage, in hygiene management.
In addition, the invention could be used to protect non-living materials from fungal attack, e.g., lumber, wall boards, and paint.
The compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are for example, effective against fungi and fungal vectors of disease as well as phytopathogenic bacteria and viruses. These fungi and fungal vectors of disease as well as phytopathogenic bacteria and viruses are for example: Absidia corymbifera, Altemaria spp., Aphanomyces spp., Ascochyta spp., Aspergillus spp. including A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, A. niger, A. terms, Aureobasidium spp. including A. pullulans, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Blumeria graminis, Bremia lactucae, Botryosphaeria spp. including B. dothidea, B. obtusa, Botrytis spp. including B. cinerea, Candida spp. including C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. lusitaniae, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, Cephaloascus fragrans, Ceratocystis spp., Cercospora spp. including C. arachidicola, Cercosporidium personatum, Cladosporium spp., Claviceps purpurea, Coccidioides immitis, Cochliobolus spp., Colletotrichum spp. including C. musae, Corynespora spp. including Corynespora cassiicola, Cryptococcus neoformans, Diaporthe spp. including Diaporthe miriciae (also known as Diaporthe ueckeri or Diaporthe ueckerae), Didymella spp., Drechslera spp., Elsinoe spp., Epidermophyton spp., Erwinia amylovora, Erysiphe spp. including E. cichoracearum, Eutypa lata, Fusarium spp. including F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. langsethiae, F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans, F. solani, Gaeumannomyces graminis, Gibberella fujikuroi, Gloeodes pomigena, Gloeosporium musarum, Glomerella cingulate, Guignardia bidwellii, Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae, Helminthosporium spp., Hemileia spp., Histoplasma spp. including H. capsulatum, Laetisaria fuciformis, Leptographium lindbergi, Leveillula taurica, Lophodermium seditiosum, Microdochium nivale, Microsporum spp., Monilinia spp., Mucor spp., Mycosphaerella spp. including M. graminicola, M. pomi, Oncobasidium theobromaeon, Ophiostoma piceae, Paracoccidioides spp., Penicillium spp. including P. digitatum, P. italicum, Petriellidium spp., Peronosclerospora spp. including P. maydis, P. philippinensis and P. sorghi, Peronospora spp., Phaeosphaeria nodorum, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phellinus igniarus, Phialophora spp., Phoma spp., Phomopsis viticola, Phytophthora spp. including P. infestans, Plasmopara spp. including P. halstedii, P. viticola, Pleospora spp., Podosphaera spp. including P. leucotricha, Polymyxa graminis, Polymyxa betae, Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, Pseudomonas spp., Pseudoperonospora spp. including P. cubensis, P. humuli, Pseudopeziza tracheiphila, Puccinia spp. including P. hordei, P. recondita, P. striiformis, P. triticina, Pyrenopeziza spp., Pyrenophora spp., Pyricularia spp. including P. oryzae, Pythium spp. including P. ultimum, Ramularia spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Rhizomucor pusillus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Rhynchosporium spp., Scedosporium spp. including S. apiospermum and S. prolificans, Schizothyrium pomi, Sclerotinia spp., Sclerotium spp., Septoria spp., including S. nodorum, S. tritici, Sphaerotheca macularis, Sphaerotheca fusca (Sphaerotheca fuliginea), Sporothorix spp., Stagonospora nodorum, Stemphylium spp., Stereum hirsutum, Thanatephorus cucumeris, Thielaviopsis basicola, Tilletia spp., Trichoderma spp. including T. harzianum, T. pseudokoningii, T. viride, Trichophyton spp., Typhula spp., Uncinula necator, Urocystis spp., Ustilago spp., Venturia spp. including V. inaequalis, Verticillium spp., and Xanthomonas spp.
The compounds of formula (I) according to the invention may be used for example on turf, ornamentals, such as flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees, or evergreens, for example conifers, as well as for tree injection, pest management and the like.
Within the scope of present invention, target crops and/or useful plants to be protected typically comprise perennial and annual crops, such as berry plants for example blackberries, blueberries, cranberries, raspberries and strawberries; cereals for example barley, maize (corn), millet, oats, rice, rye, sorghum triticale and wheat; fibre plants for example cotton, flax, hemp, jute and sisal; field crops for example sugar and fodder beet, coffee, hops, mustard, oilseed rape (canola), poppy, sugar cane, sunflower, tea and tobacco; fruit trees for example apple, apricot, avocado, banana, cherry, citrus, nectarine, peach, pear and plum; grasses for example Bermuda grass, bluegrass, bentgrass, centipede grass, fescue, ryegrass, St. Augustine grass and Zoysia grass; herbs such as basil, borage, chives, coriander, lavender, lovage, mint, oregano, parsley, rosemary, sage and thyme; legumes for example beans, lentils, peas and soya beans; nuts for example almond, cashew, ground nut, hazelnut, peanut, pecan, pistachio and walnut; palms for example oil palm; ornamentals for example flowers, shrubs and trees; other trees, for example cacao, coconut, olive and rubber; vegetables for example asparagus, aubergine, broccoli, cabbage, carrot, cucumber, garlic, lettuce, marrow, melon, okra, onion, pepper, potato, pumpkin, rhubarb, spinach and tomato; and vines for example grapes.
The term "useful plants" is to be understood as also including useful plants that have been rendered tolerant to herbicides like bromoxynil or classes of herbicides (such as, for example, HPPD inhibitors, ALS inhibitors, for example primisulfuron, prosulfuron and trifloxysulfuron, EPSPS (5-enol-pyrovyl-shikimate-3-phosphate- synthase) inhibitors, GS (glutamine synthetase) inhibitors or PPO (protoporphyrinogen-oxidase) inhibitors) as a result of conventional methods of breeding or genetic engineering. An example of a crop that has been rendered tolerant to imidazolinones, e.g., imazamox, by conventional methods of breeding (mutagenesis) is Clearfield® summer rape (Canola). Examples of crops that have been rendered tolerant to herbicides or classes of herbicides by genetic engineering methods include glyphosate- and glufosinate-resistant maize varieties commercially available under the trade names RoundupReady®, Herculex I® and LibertyLink®.
The term "useful plants" is to be understood as also including useful plants which have been so transformed by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that they are capable of synthesizing one or more selectively acting toxins, such as are known, for example, from toxin-producing bacteria, especially those of the genus Bacillus.
Examples of such plants are: YieldGard® (maize variety that expresses a CrylA(b) toxin); YieldGard Rootworm® (maize variety that expresses a Cry I II B(b1 ) toxin); YieldGard Plus® (maize variety that expresses a CrylA(b) and a Cryl I IB(b1 ) toxin); Starlink® (maize variety that expresses a Cry9(c) toxin); Herculex I® (maize variety that expresses a CrylF(a2) toxin and the enzyme phosphinothricine N-acetyltransferase (PAT) to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium); NuCOTN 33B® (cotton variety that expresses a CrylA(c) toxin); Bollgard I® (cotton variety that expresses a CrylA(c) toxin); Bollgard II® (cotton variety that expresses a CrylA(c) and a CryllA(b) toxin); VIPCOT® (cotton variety that expresses a VIP toxin); NewLeaf® (potato variety that expresses a CrylllA toxin); Nature-Gard® Agrisure® GT Advantage (GA21 glyphosate- tolerant trait), Agrisure® CB Advantage (Bt1 1 corn borer (CB) trait), Agrisure® RW (corn rootworm trait) and Protecta®.
The term "crops" is to be understood as including also crop plants which have been so transformed using recombinant DNA techniques that they are capable of synthesizing one or more selectively acting toxins, such as are known, for example, from toxin-producing bacteria, especially those of the genus Bacillus.
Toxins that can be expressed by such transgenic plants include, for example, insecticidal proteins from Bacillus cereus or Bacillus popilliae; or insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as delta-endotoxins, e.g. CrylAb, CrylAc, Cry1 F, Cry1 Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1 or Cry9C, or vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip), e.g. Vip1 , Vip2, Vip3 or Vip3A; or insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonizing nematodes, for example Photorhabdus spp. or Xenorhabdus spp., such as Photorhabdus luminescens, Xenorhabdus nematophilus; toxins produced by animals, such as scorpion toxins, arachnid toxins, wasp toxins and other insect-specific neurotoxins; toxins produced by fungi, such as Streptomycetes toxins, plant lectins, such as pea lectins, barley lectins or snowdrop lectins; agglutinins; proteinase inhibitors, such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin, papain inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP), such as ricin, maize-RIP, abrin, luffin, saporin or bryodin; steroid metabolism enzymes, such as 3-hydroxysteroidoxidase, ecdysteroid- UDP-glycosyl-transferase, cholesterol oxidases, ecdysone inhibitors, HMG-COA-reductase, ion channel blockers, such as blockers of sodium or calcium channels, juvenile hormone esterase, diuretic hormone receptors, stilbene synthase, bibenzyl synthase, chitinases and glucanases.
Further, in the context of the present invention there are to be understood by delta-endotoxins, for example CrylAb, CrylAc, Cry1 F, Cry1 Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1 or Cry9C, or vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip), for example Vip1 , Vip2, Vip3 or Vip3A, expressly also hybrid toxins, truncated toxins and modified toxins. Hybrid toxins are produced recombinantly by a new combination of different domains of those proteins (see, for example, W002/15701). Truncated toxins, for example a truncated CrylAb, are known. In the case of modified toxins, one or more amino acids of the naturally occurring toxin are replaced. In such amino acid replacements, preferably non-naturally present protease recognition sequences are inserted into the toxin, such as, for example, in the case of Cry3A055, a cathepsin-G-recognition sequence is inserted into a Cry3A toxin (see W02003/018810).
Examples of such toxins or transgenic plants capable of synthesizing such toxins are disclosed, for example, in EP-0374753, WO93/07278, WO95/34656, EP0427529, EP0451878 and W003/052073.
The processes for the preparation of such transgenic plants are generally known to a person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above. Cryl-type deoxyribonucleic acids and their preparation are known, for example, from WO95/34656, EP0367474, EP0401979 and WO90/13651.
The toxin contained in the transgenic plants imparts to the plants tolerance to harmful insects. Such insects can occur in any taxonomic group of insects but are especially commonly found in the beetles (Coleoptera), two-winged insects (Diptera) and butterflies (Lepidoptera).
Transgenic plants containing one or more genes that code for an insecticidal resistance and express one or more toxins are known and some of them are commercially available. Examples of such plants are: YieldGard® (maize variety that expresses a CrylAb toxin); YieldGard Rootworm® (maize variety that expresses a Cry3Bb1 toxin); YieldGard Plus® (maize variety that expresses a CrylAb and a Cry3Bb1 toxin); Starlink® (maize variety that expresses a Cry9C toxin); Herculex I® (maize variety that expresses a Cry1 Fa2 toxin and the enzyme phosphinothricine N-acetyltransferase (PAT) to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium); NuCOTN 33B® (cotton variety that expresses a CrylAc toxin); Bollgard I® (cotton variety that expresses a Cry1 Ac toxin); Bollgard II® (cotton variety that expresses a CrylAc and a Cry2Ab toxin); VipCot® (cotton variety that expresses a Vip3A and a CrylAb toxin); NewLeaf® (potato variety that expresses a Cry3A toxin); NatureGard®, Agrisure® GT Advantage (GA21 glyphosate-tolerant trait), Agrisure® CB Advantage (Bt1 1 corn borer (CB) trait) and Protecta®.
Further examples of such transgenic crops are:
1. Bt11 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de I'Hobit 27, F-31 790 St. Sauveur, France, registration number C/FR/96/05/10. Genetically modified Zea mays which has been rendered resistant to attack by the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis and Sesamia nonagrioides) by transgenic expression of a truncated CrylAb toxin. Bt11 maize also transgenically expresses the enzyme PAT to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium.
2. Bt176 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de I'Hobit 27, F-31 790 St. Sauveur, France, registration number C/FR/96/05/10. Genetically modified Zea mays which has been rendered resistant to attack by the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis and Sesamia nonagrioides) by transgenic expression of a CrylAb toxin. Bt176 maize also transgenically expresses the enzyme PAT to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium.
3. MIR604 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de I'Hobit 27, F-31 790 St. Sauveur, France, registration number C/FR/96/05/10. Maize which has been rendered insect-resistant by transgenic expression of a modified Cry3A toxin. This toxin is Cry3A055 modified by insertion of a cathepsin-G-protease recognition sequence. The preparation of such transgenic maize plants is described in W02003/018810.
4. MON 863 Maize from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/DE/02/9. MON 863 expresses a Cry3Bb1 toxin and has resistance to certain Coleoptera insects.
5. IPC 531 Cotton from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/ES/96/02.
6. 1507 Maize from Pioneer Overseas Corporation, Avenue Tedesco, 7 B-1160 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/NL/00/10. Genetically modified maize forthe expression of the protein Cry1 F for achieving resistance to certain Lepidoptera insects and of the PAT protein for achieving tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium.
7. NK603 x MON 810 Maize from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B 1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/GB/02/M3/03. Consists of conventionally bred hybrid maize varieties by crossing the genetically modified varieties NK603 and MON 810. NK603 x MON 810 Maize transgenically expresses the protein CP4 EPSPS, obtained from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4, which imparts tolerance to the herbicide Roundup® (contains glyphosate), and also a CrylAb toxin obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki which brings about tolerance to certain Lepidoptera, include the European corn borer.
The compounds of formula (I) according to the invention may be used in controlling or preventing phytopathogenic diseases, especially phytopathogenic fungi such as Alternaria species in fruits, vegetables and potatoes; Botrytis cinerea in strawberries, tomatoes, sunflower, pulse crops, vegetables and grapes; Rhizoctonia solani in potatoes and vegetables; Uncinula necator in grapes; Cladosporium cucumerinum, Didymella bryoniae, Sphaerotheca fuliginea and Glomerella lagenarium in cucurbits; Leveillula taurica in cucurbits and solanacious crops; Fusarium spp. in cereals; Leptosphaeria spp. in cereals; and Zymospetoria spp. in cereals.
The term “locus” as used herein means fields in or on which plants are growing, or where seeds of cultivated plants are sown, or where seed will be placed into the soil. It includes soil, seeds, and seedlings, as well as established vegetation.
The term “plants” refers to all physical parts of a plant, including seeds, seedlings, saplings, roots, tubers, stems, stalks, foliage, and fruits.
The term “plant propagation material” is understood to denote generative parts of the plant, such as seeds, which can be used for the multiplication of the latter, and vegetative material, such as cuttings or tubers, for example potatoes. There can be mentioned for example seeds (in the strict sense), roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes and parts of plants. Germinated plants and young plants which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from the soil, may also be mentioned. These young plants can be protected before transplantation by a total or partial treatment by immersion. Preferably “plant propagation material” is understood to denote seeds.
The compounds of formula (I) according to the invention may be used in unmodified form or, preferably, together with the adjuvants conventionally employed in the art of formulation. To this end they may be conveniently formulated in known manner to emulsifiable concentrates, coatable pastes, directly sprayable or dilutable solutions or suspensions, dilute emulsions, wettable powders, soluble powders, dusts, granulates, and also encapsulations e.g., in polymeric substances. As with the type of the compositions, the methods of application, such as spraying, atomising, dusting, scattering, coating, or pouring, are chosen in accordance with the intended objectives and the prevailing circumstances. The compositions may also contain further adjuvants such as stabilizers, antifoams, viscosity regulators, binders or tackifiers as well as fertilizers, micronutrient donors or other formulations for obtaining special effects.
Suitable carriers and adjuvants, e.g., for agricultural use, can be solid or liquid and are substances useful in formulation technology, e.g., natural or regenerated mineral substances, solvents, dispersants, wetting agents, tackifiers, thickeners, binders, or fertilizers. Such carriers are for example described in WO1997/33890.
Suspension concentrates are aqueous formulations in which finely divided solid particles of the active compound are suspended. Such formulations include anti-settling agents and dispersing agents and may further include a wetting agent to enhance activity as well an anti-foam and a crystal growth inhibitor. In use, these concentrates are diluted in water and normally applied as a spray to the area to be treated. The amount of active ingredient may range from 0.5% to 95% of the concentrate.
Wettable powders are in the form of finely divided particles which disperse readily in water or other liquid carriers. The particles contain the active ingredient retained in a solid matrix. Typical solid matrices include fuller’s earth, kaolin clays, silicas and other readily wet organic or inorganic solids. Wettable powders normally contain from 5% to 95% of the active ingredient plus a small amount of wetting, dispersing or emulsifying agent.
Emulsifiable concentrates are homogeneous liquid compositions dispersible in water or other liquid and may consist entirely of the active compound with a liquid or solid emulsifying agent, or may also contain a liquid carrier, such as xylene, heavy aromatic naphthas, isophorone and other non-volatile organic solvents. In use, these concentrates are dispersed in water or other liquid and normally applied as a spray to the area to be treated. The amount of active ingredient may range from 0.5% to 95% of the concentrate.
Granular formulations include both extrudates and relatively coarse particles and are usually applied without dilution to the area in which treatment is required. Typical carriers for granular formulations include sand, fuller’s earth, attapulgite clay, bentonite clays, montmorillonite clay, vermiculite, perlite, calcium carbonate, brick, pumice, pyrophyllite, kaolin, dolomite, plaster, wood flour, ground corn cobs, ground peanut hulls, sugars, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium silicate, sodium borate, magnesia, mica, iron oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, antimony oxide, cryolite, gypsum, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate and other organic or inorganic materials which absorb or which can be coated with the active compound. Granular formulations normally contain 5% to 25% of active ingredients which may include surface-active agents such as heavy aromatic naphthas, kerosene and other petroleum fractions, or vegetable oils; and/or stickers such as dextrins, glue or synthetic resins.
Dusts are free-flowing admixtures of the active ingredient with finely divided solids such as talc, clays, flours, and other organic and inorganic solids which act as dispersants and carriers.
Microcapsules are typically droplets or granules of the active ingredient enclosed in an inert porous shell which allows escape of the enclosed material to the surroundings at controlled rates. Encapsulated droplets are typically 1 to 50 microns in diameter. The enclosed liquid typically constitutes 50 to 95% of the weight of the capsule and may include solvent in addition to the active compound. Encapsulated granules are generally porous granules with porous membranes sealing the granule pore openings, retaining the active species in liquid form inside the granule pores. Granules typically range from 1 millimetre to 1 centimetre and preferably 1 to 2 millimetres in diameter. Granules are formed by extrusion, agglomeration or prilling, or are naturally occurring. Examples of such materials are vermiculite, sintered clay, kaolin, attapulgite clay, sawdust, and granular carbon. Shell or membrane materials include natural and synthetic rubbers, cellulosic materials, styrene-butadiene copolymers, polyacrylonitriles, polyacrylates, polyesters, polyamides, polyureas, polyurethanes and starch xanthates.
Other useful formulations for agrochemical applications include simple solutions of the active ingredient in a solvent in which it is completely soluble at the desired concentration, such as acetone, alkylated naphthalenes, xylene and other organic solvents. Pressurized sprayers, wherein the active ingredient is dispersed in finely divided form as a result of vaporization of a low boiling dispersant solvent carrier, may also be used.
Suitable agricultural adjuvants and carriers that are useful in formulating the compositions of the invention in the formulation types described above are well known to a person skilled in the art.
Liquid carriers that can be employed include, for example, water, toluene, xylene, petroleum naphtha, crop oil, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acetic anhydride, acetonitrile, acetophenone, amyl acetate, 2- butanone, chlorobenzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, alkyl acetates, diacetonalcohol, 1 ,2-dichloropropane, diethanolamine, p diethylbenzene, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol abietate, diethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, N,N-dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1 ,4- dioxane, dipropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, diproxitol, alkyl pyrrolidinone, ethyl acetate, 2-ethyl hexanol, ethylene carbonate, 1 ,1 ,1 -trichloroethane, 2-heptanone, alpha pinene, d-limonene, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether, gammabutyrolactone, glycerol, glycerol diacetate, glycerol monoacetate, glycerol triacetate, hexadecane, hexylene glycol, isoamyl acetate, isobornyl acetate, isooctane, isophorone, isopropyl benzene, isopropyl myristate, lactic acid, laurylamine, mesityl oxide, methoxy-propanol, methyl isoamyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl oleate, methylene chloride, m-xylene, n-hexane, n-octylamine, octadecanoic acid, octyl amine acetate, oleic acid, oleylamine, o-xylene, phenol, polyethylene glycol (PEG400), propionic acid, propylene glycol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, p-xylene, toluene, triethyl phosphate, triethylene glycol, xylene sulfonic acid, paraffin, mineral oil, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and higher molecular weight alcohols such as amyl alcohol, tetra hydrofurfuryl alcohol, hexanol, octanol, etc., ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerine and N- methyl-2-pyrrolidinone. Water is generally the carrier of choice for the dilution of concentrates.
Suitable solid carriers include, for example, talc, titanium dioxide, pyrophyllite clay, silica, attapulgite clay, kieselguhr, chalk, diatomaxeous earth, lime, calcium carbonate, bentonite clay, fuller’s earth, cotton seed hulls, wheat flour, soybean flour, pumice, wood flour, walnut shell flour and lignin.
A broad range of surface-active agents are advantageously employed in both said liquid and solid compositions, especially those designed to be diluted with carrier before application. These agents, when used, normally comprise from 0.1 % to 15% by weight of the formulation. They can be anionic, cationic, non-ionic, or polymeric in character and can be employed as emulsifying agents, wetting agents, suspending agents or for other purposes. Typical surface-active agents include salts of alkyl sulfates, such as diethanolammonium lauryl sulfate, alkylarylsulfonate salts, such as calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, alkylphenol-alkylene oxide addition products, such as nonylphenol-C.sub. 18 ethoxylate; alcohol-alkylene oxide addition products, such as tridecyl alcohol-C.sub. 16 ethoxylate; soaps, such as sodium stearate; alkylnaphthalenesulfonate salts, such as sodium dibutylnaphthalenesulfonate; dialkyl esters of sulfosuccinate salts, such as sodium di(2 ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate; sorbitol esters, such as sorbitol oleate; quaternary amines, such as lauryl trimethylammonium chloride; polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, such as polyethylene glycol stearate; block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; and salts of mono and dialkyl phosphate esters.
Other adjuvants commonly utilized in agricultural compositions include crystallisation inhibitors, viscosity modifiers, suspending agents, spray droplet modifiers, pigments, antioxidants, foaming agents, anti-foaming agents, light-blocking agents, compatibilizing agents, antifoam agents, sequestering agents, neutralising agents and buffers, corrosion inhibitors, dyes, odorants, spreading agents, penetration aids, micronutrients, emollients, lubricants, and sticking agents.
In addition, further, other biocidal active ingredients or compositions may be combined with the compositions of the invention and used in the methods of the invention and applied simultaneously or sequentially with the compositions of the invention. When applied simultaneously, these further active ingredients may be formulated together with the compositions of the invention or mixed in, for example, the spray tank. These further biocidal active ingredients may be fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides and/or plant growth regulators.
Pesticidal agents are referred to herein using their common name are known, for example, from "The Pesticide Manual", 15th Ed., British Crop Protection Council 2009.
In addition, the compositions of the invention may also be applied with one or more systemically acquired resistance inducers (“SAR” inducer). SAR inducers are known and described in, for example, United States Patent No. US 6,919,298 and include, for example, salicylates and the commercial SAR inducer acibenzolar- S-methyl.
The compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are normally used in the form of agrochemical compositions and can be applied to the crop area or plant to be treated, simultaneously or in succession with further compounds. These further compounds can be e.g., fertilizers or micronutrient donors or other preparations, which influence the growth of plants. They can also be selective herbicides or non-selective herbicides as well as insecticides, fungicides, bactericides, nematicides, molluscicides or mixtures of several of these preparations, if desired together with further carriers, surfactants or application promoting adjuvants customarily employed in the art of formulation.
The compounds of formula (I) according to the invention may be used in the form of (fungicidal) compositions for controlling or protecting against phytopathogenic microorganisms, comprising as active ingredient at least one compound of formula (I) or of at least one preferred individual compound as defined herein, in free form or in agrochemical usable salt form, and at least one of the above-mentioned adjuvants.
The invention therefore provides a composition, preferably a fungicidal composition, comprising at least one compound of formula (I) according to the invention, an agriculturally acceptable carrier and optionally an adjuvant. An agricultural acceptable carrier is for example a carrier that is suitable for agricultural use. Agricultural carriers are well known in the art. Preferably, said composition may comprise at least one or more pesticidal-active compounds, for example an additional fungicidal active ingredient in addition to the compound of formula (I).
The compound of formula (I) according to the invention may be the sole active ingredient of a composition or it may be admixed with one or more additional active ingredients such as a pesticide, fungicide, synergist, herbicide or plant growth regulator where appropriate. An additional active ingredient may, in some cases, result in unexpected synergistic activities.
Examples of suitable additional active ingredients include the following: acycloamino acid fungicides, aliphatic nitrogen fungicides, amide fungicides, anilide fungicides, antibiotic fungicides, aromatic fungicides, arsenical fungicides, aryl phenyl ketone fungicides, benzamide fungicides, benzanilide fungicides, benzimidazole fungicides, benzothiazole fungicides, botanical fungicides, bridged diphenyl fungicides, carbamate fungicides, carbanilate fungicides, conazole fungicides, copper fungicides, dicarboximide fungicides, dinitrophenol fungicides, dithiocarbamate fungicides, dithiolane fungicides, furamide fungicides, furanilide fungicides, hydrazide fungicides, imidazole fungicides, mercury fungicides, morpholine fungicides, organophosphorous fungicides, organotin fungicides, oxathiin fungicides, oxazole fungicides, phenylsulfamide fungicides, polysulfide fungicides, pyrazole fungicides, pyridine fungicides, pyrimidine fungicides, pyrrole fungicides, quaternary ammonium fungicides, quinoline fungicides, quinone fungicides, quinoxaline fungicides, strobilurin fungicides, sulfonanilide fungicides, thiadiazole fungicides, thiazole fungicides, thiazolidine fungicides, thiocarbamate fungicides, thiophene fungicides, triazine fungicides, triazole fungicides, triazolopyrimidine fungicides, urea fungicides, valinamide fungicides, and zinc fungicides. Examples of suitable additional active ingredients include the following: petroleum oils, 1 ,1 -bis(4-chlorophenyl)- 2-ethoxyethanol, 2,4-dichlorophenyl benzenesulfonate, 2-fluoro-N-methyl-N-1 -naphthylacetamide, 4- chlorophenyl phenyl sulfone, acetoprole, aldoxycarb, amidithion, amidothioate, amiton, amiton hydrogen oxalate, amitraz, aramite, arsenous oxide, azobenzene, azothoate, benomyl, benoxa-fos, benzyl benzoate, bixafen, brofenvalerate, bromocyclen, bromophos, bromopropylate, buprofezin, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, butylpyridaben, calcium polysulfide, camphechlor, carbanolate, carbophenothion, cymiazole, chinomethionat, chlorbenside, chlordimeform, chlordimeform hydrochloride, chlorfenethol, chlorfenson, chlorfensulfide, chlorobenzilate, chloromebuform, chloromethiuron, chloropropylate, chlorthiophos, cinerin I, cinerin II, cinerins, closantel, coumaphos, crotamiton, crotoxyphos, cufraneb, cyanthoate, DCPM, DDT, demephion, demephion-O, demephion-S, demeton-methyl, demeton-O, demeton-O-methyl, demeton-S, demeton-S-methyl, demeton-S-methylsulfon, dichlofluanid, dichlorvos, dicliphos, dienochlor, dimefox, dinex, dinex-diclexine, dinocap-4, dinocap-6, dinocton, dinopenton, dinosulfon, dinoterbon, dioxathion, diphenyl sulfone, disulfiram, DNOC, dofenapyn, doramectin, endothion, eprinomectin, ethoate-methyl, etrimfos, fenazaflor, fenbutatin oxide, fenothiocarb, fenpyrad, fenpyroximate, fenpyrazamine, fenson, fentrifanil, flubenzimine, flucycloxuron, fluenetil, fluorbenside, FMC 1137, formetanate, formetanate hydrochloride, formparanate, gamma-HCH, glyodin, halfenprox, hexadecyl cyclopropanecarboxylate, isocarbophos, jasmolin I, jasmolin II, jodfenphos, lindane, malonoben, mecarbam, mephosfolan, mesulfen, methacrifos, methyl bromide, metolcarb, mexacarbate, milbemycin oxime, mipafox, monocrotophos, morphothion, moxidectin, naled, 4-chloro-2-(2-chloro-2-methyl-propyl)-5-[(6-iodo-3-pyridyl)methoxy]pyridazin-3-one, nifluridide, nikkomycins, nitrilacarb, nitrilacarb 1 :1 zinc chloride complex, omethoate, oxydeprofos, oxy disulfoton, pp'-DDT, parathion, permethrin, phenkapton, phosalone, phosfolan, phosphamidon, polychloroterpenes, polynactins, proclonol, promacyl, propoxur, prothidathion, prothoate, pyrethrin I, pyrethrin II, pyrethrins, pyridaphenthion, pyrimitate, quinalphos, quintiofos, R-1492, phosglycin, rotenone, schradan, sebufos, selamectin, sophamide, SSI-121 , sulfiram, sulfluramid, sulfotep, sulfur, diflovidazin, tau-fluvalinate, TEPP, terbam, tetradifon, tetrasul, thiafenox, thiocarboxime, thiofanox, thiometon, thioquinox, thuringiensin, triamiphos, triarathene, triazophos, triazuron, trifenofos, trinactin, vamidothion, vaniliprole, bethoxazin, copper dioctanoate, copper sulfate, cybutryne, dichlone, dichlorophen, endothal, fentin, hydrated lime, nabam, quinoclamine, quinonamid, simazine, triphenyltin acetate, triphenyltin hydroxide, crufomate, piperazine, thiophanate, chloralose, fenthion, pyridin-4-amine, strychnine, 1 -hydroxy-1 H-pyridine-2-thione, 4-(quinoxalin-2-ylamino)benzenesulfonamide, 8- hydroxyquinoline sulfate, bronopol, copper hydroxide, cresol, dipyrithione, dodicin, fenaminosulf, formaldehyde, hydrargaphen, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, nickel bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate), nitrapyrin, octhilinone, oxolinic acid, oxytetracycline, potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate, probenazole, streptomycin, streptomycin sesquisulfate, tecloftalam, thiomersal, Adoxophyes orana GV, Agrobacterium radiobacter, Amblyseius spp., Anagrapha falcifera NPV, Anagrus atomus, Aphelinus abdominalis, Aphidius colemani, Aphidoletes aphidimyza, Autographa californica NPV, Bacillus sphaericus Neide, Beauveria brongniartii, Chrysoperla carnea, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, Cydia pomonella GV, Dacnusa sibirica, Diglyphus isaea, Encarsia formosa, Eretmocerus eremicus, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and H. megidis, Hippodamia convergens, Leptomastix dactylopii, Macrolophus caliginosus, Mamestra brassicae NPV, Metaphycus helvolus, Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum, Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae, Neodiprion sertifer NPV and N. lecontei NPV, Orius spp., Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Phytoseiulus persimilis, Steinernema bibionis, Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema feltiae, Steinernema glaseri, Steinernema riobrave, Steinernema riobravis, Steinernema scapterisci, Steinernema spp., Trichogramma spp., Typhlodromus occidentalis, Verticillium lecanii, apholate, bisazir, busulfan, dimatif, hemel, hempa, metepa, methiotepa, methyl apholate, morzid, penfluron, tepa, thiohempa, thiotepa, tretamine, uredepa, (E)-dec-5-en-
I-yl acetate with (E)-dec-5-en-1-ol, (E)-tridec-4-en-1-yl acetate, (E)-6-methylhept-2-en-4-ol, (E,Z)-tetradeca- 4, 10-dien-1 -yl acetate, (Z)-dodec-7-en-1-yl acetate, (Z)-hexadec-11-enal, (Z)-hexadec-l 1-en-1-yl acetate, (Z)- hexadec-13-en-11-yn-1-yl acetate, (Z)-icos-13-en-10-one, (Z)-tetradec-7-en-1-al, (Z)-tetradec-9-en-1-ol, (Z)- tetradec-9-en-1-yl acetate, (7E,9Z)-dodeca-7,9-dien-1-yl acetate, (9Z,11 E)-tetradeca-9,11-dien-1-yl acetate, (9Z,12E)-tetradeca-9,12-dien-1-yl acetate, 14-methyloctadec-1 -ene, 4-methylnonan-5-ol with 4-methylnonan- 5-one, alpha-multistriatin, brevicomin, codlelure, codlemone, cuelure, disparlure, dodec-8-en-1-yl acetate, dodec-9-en-1-yl acetate, dodeca-8,10-dien-1-yl acetate, dominicalure, ethyl 4-methyloctanoate, eugenol, frontalin, grandlure, grandlure I, grandlure II, grandlure III, grandlure IV, hexalure, ipsdienol, ipsenol, japonilure, lineatin, litlure, looplure, medlure, megatomoic acid, methyl eugenol, muscalure, octadeca-2,13-dien-1-yl acetate, octadeca-3,13-dien-1-yl acetate, orfralure, oryctalure, ostramone, siglure, sordidin, sulcatol, tetradec-
I I-en-1-yl acetate, trimedlure, trimedlure A, trimedlure B1 , trimedlure B2, trimedlure C, trunc-call, 2- (octylthio)ethanol, butopyronoxyl, butoxy(polypropylene glycol), dibutyl adipate, dibutyl phthalate, dibutyl succinate, diethyltoluamide, dimethyl carbate, dimethyl phthalate, ethyl hexanediol, hexamide, methoquin- butyl, methylneodecanamide, oxamate, picaridin, 1-dichloro-1 -nitroethane, 1 ,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4- ethylphenyl)ethane, 1 ,2-dichloropropane with 1 ,3-dichloropropene, 1 -bromo-2-chloroethane, 2,2,2-trichloro-1- (3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl acetate, 2,2-dichlorovinyl 2-ethylsulfinylethyl methyl phosphate, 2-(1 ,3-dithiolan-2- yl)phenyl dimethylcarbamate, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl thiocyanate, 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1 ,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl methylcarbamate, 2-(4-chloro-3,5-xylyloxy)ethanol, 2-chlorovinyl diethyl phosphate, 2-imidazolidone, 2- isovalerylindan-1 ,3-dione, 2-methyl(prop-2-ynyl)aminophenyl methylcarbamate, 2-thiocyanatoethyl laurate, 3- bromo-1 -chloroprop-1 -ene, 3-methyl-1 -phenylpyrazol-5-yl dimethylcarbamate, 4-methyl(prop-2-ynyl)amino- 3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate, 5,5-dimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1-enyl dimethylcarbamate, acethion, acrylonitrile, aldrin, allosamidin, allyxycarb, alpha-ecdysone, aluminium phosphide, aminocarb, anabasine, athidathion, azamethiphos, Bacillus thuringiensis delta endotoxins, barium hexafluorosilicate, barium polysulfide, barthrin, Bayer 22/190, Bayer 22408, beta-cyfluthrin, beta-cypermethrin, bioethanomethrin, biopermethrin, bis(2- chloroethyl) ether, borax, bromfenvinfos, bromo-DDT, bufencarb, butacarb, butathiofos, butonate, calcium arsenate, calcium cyanide, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, cartap hydrochloride, cevadine, chlorbicyclen, chlordane, chlordecone, chloroform, chloropicrin, chlorphoxim, chlorprazophos, cis-resmethrin, cismethrin, clocythrin, copper acetoarsenite, copper arsenate, copper oleate, coumithoate, cryolite, CS 708, cyanofenphos, cyanophos, cyclethrin, cythioate, d-tetramethrin, DAEP, dazomet, decarbofuran, diamidafos, dicapthon, dichlofenthion, dicresyl, dicyclanil, dieldrin, diethyl 5-methylpyrazol-3-yl phosphate, dilor, dimefluthrin, dimetan, dimethrin, dimethylvinphos, dimetilan, dinoprop, dinosam, dinoseb, diofenolan, dioxabenzofos, dithicrofos, DSP, ecdysterone, El 1642, EMPC, EPBP, etaphos, ethiofencarb, ethyl formate, ethylene dibromide, ethylene dichloride, ethylene oxide, EXD, fenchlorphos, fenethacarb, fenitrothion, fenoxacrim, fenpirithrin, fensulfothion, fenthion-ethyl, flucofuron, fosmethilan, fospirate, fosthietan, furathiocarb, furethrin, guazatine, guazatine acetates, sodium tetrathiocarbonate, halfenprox, HCH, HEOD, heptachlor, heterophos, HHDN, hydrogen cyanide, hyquincarb, IPSP, isazofos, isobenzan, isodrin, isofenphos, isolane, isoprothiolane, isoxathion, juvenile hormone I, juvenile hormone II, juvenile hormone III, kelevan, kinoprene, lead arsenate, leptophos, lirimfos, lythidathion, m-cumenyl methylcarbamate, magnesium phosphide, mazidox, mecarphon, menazon, mercurous chloride, mesulfenfos, metam, metam-potassium, metam-sodium, methanesulfonyl fluoride, methocrotophos, methoprene, methothrin, methoxychlor, methyl isothiocyanate, methylchloroform, methylene chloride, metoxadiazone, mirex, naftalofos, naphthalene, NC-170, nicotine, nicotine sulfate, nithiazine, nornicotine, 0-5-dichloro-4-iodophenyl O-ethyl ethylphosphonothioate, O,O-diethyl 0-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl phosphorothioate, O,O-diethyl 0-6-methyl-2-propylpyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate, O,O,O',O'-tetrapropyl dithiopyrophosphate, oleic acid, para-dichlorobenzene, parathion- methyl, pentachlorophenol, pentachlorophenyl laurate, PH 60-38, phenkapton, phosnichlor, phosphine, phoxim-methyl, pirimetaphos, polychlorodicyclopentadiene isomers, potassium arsenite, potassium thiocyanate, precocene I, precocene II, precocene III, primidophos, profluthrin, promecarb, prothiofos, pyrazophos, pyresmethrin, quassia, quinalphos-methyl, quinothion, rafoxanide, resmethrin, rotenone, kadethrin, ryania, ryanodine, sabadilla, schradan, sebufos, SI-0009, thiapronil, sodium arsenite, sodium cyanide, sodium fluoride, sodium hexafluorosilicate, sodium pentachlorophenoxide, sodium selenate, sodium thiocyanate, sulcofuron, sulcofuron-sodium, sulfuryl fluoride, sulprofos, tar oils, tazimcarb, TDE, tebupirimfos, temephos, terallethrin, tetrachloroethane, thicrofos, thiocyclam, thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate, thionazin, thiosultap, thiosultap-sodium, tralomethrin, transpermethrin, triazamate, trichlormetaphos-3, trichloronat, trimethacarb, tolprocarb, triclopyricarb, triprene, veratridine, veratrine, XMC, zetamethrin, zinc phosphide, zolaprofos, meperfluthrin, tetramethylfluthrin, bis(tributyltin) oxide, bromoacetamide, ferric phosphate, niclosamide-olamine, tributyltin oxide, pyrimorph, trifenmorph, 1 ,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, 1 ,3- dichloropropene, 3,4-dichlorotetrahydrothiophene 1 ,1 -dioxide, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methylrhodanine, 5- methyl-6-thioxo-1 ,3,5-thiadiazinan-3-ylacetic acid, 6-isopentenylaminopurine, anisiflupurin, benclothiaz, cytokinins, DCIP, furfural, isamidofos, kinetin, Myrothecium verrucaria composition, tetrachlorothiophene, xylenols, zeatin, potassium ethylxanthate, acibenzolar, acibenzolar-S-methyl, Reynoutria sachalinensis extract, alpha-chlorohydrin, antu, barium carbonate, bisthiosemi, brodifacoum, bromadiolone, bromethalin, chlorophacinone, cholecalciferol, coumachlor, coumafuryl, coumatetralyl, crimidine, difenacoum, difethialone, diphacinone, ergocalciferol, flocoumafen, fluoroacetamide, flupropadine, flupropadine hydrochloride, norbormide, phosacetim, phosphorus, pindone, pyrinuron, scilliroside, sodium fluoroacetate, thallium sulfate, warfarin, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl piperonylate, 5-(1 ,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-hexylcyclohex-2-enone, farnesol with nerolidol, verbutin, MG K 264, piperonyl butoxide, piprotal, propyl isomer, S421 , sesamex, sesasmolin, sulfoxide, anthraquinone, copper naphthenate, copper oxychloride, dicyclopentadiene, thiram, zinc naphthenate, ziram, imanin, ribavirin, chloroinconazide, mercuric oxide, thiophanate-methyl, azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, furametpyr, hexaconazole, imazalil, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, paclobutrazole, pefurazoate, penconazole, prothioconazole, pyrifenox, prochloraz, propiconazole, pyrisoxazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triflumizole, triticonazole, ancymidol, fenarimol, nuarimol, bupirimate, dimethirimol, ethirimol, dodemorph, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, spiroxamine, tridemorph, cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil, fenpiclonil, fludioxonil, benalaxyl, furalaxyl, metalaxyl, R-metalaxyl, ofurace, oxadixyl, carbendazim, debacarb, fuberidazole, thiabendazole, chlozolinate, dichlozoline, myclozoline, procymidone, vinclozoline, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, flutolanil, mepronil, oxycarboxin, penthiopyrad, thifluzamide, dodine, iminoctadine, azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, fenaminstrobin, flufenoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, trifloxystrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, propineb, zineb, captafol, captan, fluoroimide, folpet, tolylfluanid, bordeaux mixture, copper oxide, mancopper, oxine-copper, nitrothal-isopropyl, edifenphos, iprobenphos, phosdiphen, tolclofos-methyl, anilazine, benthiavalicarb, blasticidin-S, chloroneb, chlorothalonil, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, cyclobutrifluram, diclocymet, diclomezine, dicloran, diethofencarb, dimethomorph, flumorph, dithianon, ethaboxam, etridiazole, famoxadone, fenamidone, fenoxanil, ferimzone, fluazinam, flumetylsulforim.fluopicolide, fluoxytioconazole, flusulfamide, fluxapyroxad, fenhexamid, fosetylaluminium, hymexazol, iprovalicarb, cyazofamid, methasulfocarb, metrafenone, pencycuron, phthalide, polyoxins, propamocarb, pyribencarb, proquinazid, pyroquilon, pyriofenone, quinoxyfen, quintozene, tiadinil, triazoxide, tricyclazole, triforine, validamycin, valifenalate, zoxamide, mandipropamid, flubeneteram, isopyrazam, sedaxane, benzovindiflupyr, pydiflumetofen, 3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (3',4',5'- trifluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-amide, isoflucypram, isotianil, dipymetitrone, 6-ethyl-5,7-dioxo- pyrrolo[4,5][1 ,4]dithiino[1 ,2-c]isothiazole-3-carbonitrile, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[3-ethyl-1 ,1-dimethyl-indan-4- yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide, 4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methyl-5-phenyl-pyridazine-3-carbonitrile, (R)-3- (difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[1 ,1 ,3-trimethylindan-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 4-(2-bromo-4-fluoro-phenyl)- N-(2-chloro-6-fluoro-phenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-3-amine, 4- (2- bromo- 4- fluorophenyl) - N- (2- chloro- 6- fluorophenyl) - 1 , 3- dimethyl- 1 H- pyrazol- 5- amine, fluindapyr, coumethoxystrobin (jiaxiangjunzhi), Ivbenmixianan, dichlobentiazox, mandestrobin, 3-(4,4-difluoro-3,4-dihydro-3,3-dimethylisoquinolin-1- yl)quinolone, 2-[2-fluoro-6-[(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)oxy]phenyl]propan-2-ol, oxathiapiprolin, tert-butyl N- [6-[[[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl-methylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridyl]carbamate, pyraziflumid, inpyrfluxam, trolprocarb, mefentrifluconazole, ipfentrifluconazole, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3-ethyl-1 ,1- dimethyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide, N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-phenoxy-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl- formamidine, N'-[4-(4,5-dichlorothiazol-2-yl)oxy-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine, [2-[3-[2- [1-[2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl]-3-chloro- phenyl] methanesulfonate, but-3-ynyl N-[6-[[(Z)-[(1 -methyltetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl-methylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2- pyridyl]carbamate, methyl N-[[5-[4-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)triazol-2-yl]-2-methyl-phenyl]methyl]carbamate, 3- chloro-6-methyl-5-phenyl-4-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)pyridazine, pyridachlometyl, 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N- [1 ,1 ,3-trimethylindan-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 1-[2-[[1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxymethyl]-3-methyl- phenyl]-4-methyl-tetrazol-5-one, 1-methyl-4-[3-methyl-2-[[2-methyl-4-(3,4,5-trimethylpyrazol-1- yl)phenoxy]methyl]phenyl]tetrazol-5-one, aminopyrifen, ametoctradin, amisulbrom, penflufen, (Z,2E)-5-[1-(4- chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethyl-pent-3-enamide, florylpicoxamid, fenpicoxamid, metarylpicoxamid, tebufloquin, ipflufenoquin, quinofumelin, isofetamid, ethyl 1-[[4-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,3- dioxolan-2-yl]methoxy]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-3-carboxylate (may be prepared from the methods described in W02020/056090), ethyl 1 -[[4-[(Z)-2-ethoxy-3,3,3-trifluoro-prop-1 -enoxy]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-3-carboxylate (may be prepared from the methods described in W02020/056090), methyl N-[[4-[1-(4-cyclopropyl-2,6-difluoro- phenyl)pyrazol-4-yl]-2-methyl-phenyl]methyl]carbamate (may be prepared from the methods described in W02020/097012), methyl N-[[4-[1 -(2,6-difluoro-4-isopropyl-phenyl)pyrazol-4-yl]-2-methyl- phenyl]methyl]carbamate (may be prepared from the methods described in W02020/097012), 6-chloro-3-(3- cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-N-[2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2,2-difluoro-ethyl]-5-methyl-pyridazine-4- carboxamide (may be prepared from the methods described in W02020/109391), 6-chloro-N-[2-(2-chloro-4- methyl-phenyl)-2,2-difluoro-ethyl]-3-(3-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-pyridazine-4-carboxamide (may be prepared from the methods described in W02020/109391), 6-chloro-3-(3-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro- phenoxy)-N-[2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-2,2-difluoro-ethyl]-5-methyl-pyridazine-4-carboxamide (may be prepared from the methods described in W02020/109391),N-[2-[2,4-dichloro-phenoxy]phenyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1- methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-[2-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1- methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, benzothiostrobin, phenamacril, 5-amino-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol zinc salt (2:1), fluopyram, flufenoxadiazam, flutianil, fluopimomide, pyrapropoyne, picarbutrazox, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N- (3-ethyl-1 ,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-((3R)-1 ,1 ,3-trimethylindan-4-yl) pyridine-3-carboxamide, 4-[[6-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1 ,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3- pyridyl]oxy]benzonitrile, metyltetraprole, a- (1 ,1- dimethylethyl)-a-[4'-(trifluoromethoxy) [1 ,1 '-biphenyl]-4-yl] -5- pyrimidinemethanol, fluoxapiprolin, enoxastrobin, methyl (Z)-3-methoxy-2-[2-methyl-5-[4- (trifluoromethyl)triazol-2-yl]phenoxy]prop-2-enoate, methyl (Z)-3-methoxy-2-[2-methyl-5-(4-propyltriazol-2- yl)phenoxy]prop-2-enoate, methyl (Z)-2-[5-(3-isopropylpyrazol-1-yl)-2-methyl-phenoxy]-3-methoxy-prop-2- enoate, methyl (Z)-3-methoxy-2-[2-methyl-5-(3-propylpyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy]prop-2-enoate, methyl (Z)-3- methoxy-2-[2-methyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]phenoxy]prop-2-enoate (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in W02020/07911 1), methyl (Z)-2-(5-cyclohexyl-2-methyl-phenoxy)-3- methoxy-prop-2-enoate, methyl (Z)-2-(5-cyclopentyl-2-methyl-phenoxy)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in W02020/193387), 4-[[6-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)- 1 ,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy] benzonitrile, 4-[[6-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1 ,1- difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(5-sulfanyl-1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy] benzonitrile, 4-[[6-[2-(2,4- difluorophenyl)-1 ,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(5-thioxo-4H-1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy]benzonitrile, trinexapac, coumoxystrobin, zhongshengmycin, thiodiazole copper, zinc thiazole, amectotractin, iprodione, seboctylamine, N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-[(1 S)-1-methyl-2-propoxy-ethoxy]-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl- formamidine, N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-[(1 R)-1-methyl-2-propoxy-ethoxy]-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl- formamidine, N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-(1-methyl-2-propoxy-ethoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine, N'-[5-chloro-2-methyl-6-(1-methyl-2-propoxy-ethoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine, N'-[5-bromo-2- methyl-6-(1-methyl-2-propoxy-ethoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-isopropyl-N-methyl-formamidine (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2015/155075); N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-(2-propoxypropoxy)-3- pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in IPCOM000249876D); N-isopropyl-N’-[5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(2, 2, 2 -trifluoro- 1 -hydroxy-1 -phenyl-ethyl)phenyl]- N-methyl-formamidine, N’-[4-(1-cyclopropyl-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-phenyl]-N- isopropyl-N-methyl-formamidine (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2018/228896); N-ethyl-N’-[5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-[(2-trifluoromethyl)oxetan-2-yl]phenyl]-N-methyl- formamidine, N-ethyl-N’-[5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-[(2-trifuoromethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]phenyl]-N-methyl- formamidine (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2019/110427); N-[(1 R)- 1-benzyl-3-chloro-1-methyl-but-3-enyl]-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide, N-[(1 S)-1-benzyl-3-chloro-1-methyl- but-3-enyl]-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide, N-[(1 R)-1-benzyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-methyl-propyl]-8-fluoro- quinoline-3-carboxamide, N-[(1 S)-1-benzyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-methyl-propyl]-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide, N-[(1 R)-1-benzyl-1 ,3-dimethyl-butyl]-7,8-difluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide, N-[(1 S)-1-benzyl-1 ,3-dimethyl- butyl]-7,8-difluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide, 8-fluoro-N-[(1 R)-1-[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1 ,3-dimethyl- butyl]quinoline-3-carboxamide, 8-fluoro-N-[(1 S)-1-[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1 ,3-dimethyl-butyl]quinoline-3- carboxamide, N-[(1 R)-1-benzyl-1 ,3-dimethyl-butyl]-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide, N-[(1 S)-1-benzyl-1 ,3- dimethyl-butyl]-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide, N-((1 R)-1-benzyl-3-chloro-1-methyl-but-3-enyl)-8-fluoro- quinoline-3-carboxamide, N-((1 S)-1-benzyl-3-chloro-1-methyl-but-3-enyl)-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2017/153380); 1 -(6,7- dimethylpyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)-4,4,5-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline, 1 -(6,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1 ,5- a]pyridin-3-yl)-4,4,6-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline, 4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-1-(6-methylpyrazolo[1 ,5- a] py rid i n-3-y I) isoq u i n ol ine , 4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-1 -(7-methylpyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)isoquinoline, 1 -(6- chloro-7-methyl-pyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2017/025510); 1 -(4,5-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4,4,5-trifluoro-
3.3-dimethyl-isoquinoline, 1-(4,5-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline, 6-chloro-
4.4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-1-(4-methylbenzimidazol-1 -yl)isoquinoline, 4,4-difluoro-1-(5-fluoro-4-methyl- benzimidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline, 3-(4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-1-isoquinolyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H- cyclopenta[e]benzimidazole (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2016/156085); N-methoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl] cyclopropane carboxamide, N,2-dimethoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide, N- ethyl-2-methyl-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide, 1-methoxy-3- methyl-1 -[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, 1 ,3-dimethoxy-1 -[[4-[5-
(trifluoromethyl)-l ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, 3-ethyl-1-methoxy-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide,
4.4-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one, 5,5-dimethyl-2- [[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one, ethyl 1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 .2.4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-4-carboxylate, N,N-dimethyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]-1 ,2,4-triazol-3-amine (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2017/055473, WO2017/055469, WO2017/093348 and WO2017/1 18689); 2-[6-(4- chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-1-(1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2017/029179); 2-[6-(4-bromophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-1- (1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2017/029179); 3-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-propyl]imidazole-4-carbonitrile (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2016/156290); 3-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(3- chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-propyl]imidazole-4-carbonitrile (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2016/156290); (4-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 2-amino-6-methyl-pyridine-3-carboxylate (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2014/006945); 2,6-Dimethyl-1 H,5H- [1 ,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c']dipyrrole-1 ,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetrone (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2011/138281) N-methyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzenecarbothioamide; N-methyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide; (Z,2E)-5-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrazol-3- yl]oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethyl-pent-3-enamide (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2018/153707); N'-(2-chloro-5-methyl-4-phenoxy-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine; N'- [2-chloro-4-(2-fluorophenoxy)-5-methyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2016/202742); 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3S)-3-ethyl-1 ,1-dimethyl- indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2014/095675); (5-methyl-2-pyridyl)-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methanone, (3- methylisoxazol-5-yl)-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methanone (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2017/220485); 2-oxo-N-propyl-2-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]acetamide (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2018/065414); ethyl 1-[[5-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]-2-thienyl]methyl]pyrazole-4-carboxylate (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2018/158365); 2,2-difluoro-N-methyl-2- [4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]acetamide, N-[(E)-methoxyiminomethyl]-4-[5-
(trifluoromethyl)-l ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, N-[(Z)-methoxyiminomethyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, N-[N-methoxy-methyl-carbonimidoyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]benzamide (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2018/202428).
The compounds of the invention may also be used in combination with anthelmintic agents. Such anthelmintic agents include, compounds selected from the macrocyclic lactone class of compounds such as ivermectin, avermectin, abamectin, emamectin, eprinomectin, doramectin, selamectin, moxidectin, nemadectin and milbemycin derivatives as described in EP0357460, EP0444964 and EP0594291 . Additional anthelmintic agents include semisynthetic and biosynthetic avermectin/milbemycin derivatives such as those described in US5, 015,630, WO9415944 and WO9522552. Additional anthelmintic agents include the benzimidazoles such as albendazole, cambendazole, fenbendazole, flubendazole, mebendazole, oxfendazole, oxibendazole, parbendazole, and other members of the class. Additional anthelmintic agents include imidazothiazoles and tetrahydropyrimidines such as tetramisole, levamisole, pyrantel pamoate, oxantel or morantel. Additional anthelmintic agents include flukicides, such as triclabendazole and clorsulon and the cestocides, such as praziquantel and epsiprantel. The compounds of the invention may be used in combination with derivatives and analogues of the paraherquamide/marcfortine class of anthelmintic agents, as well as the antiparasitic oxazolines such as those disclosed in US5478855, US4639771 and DE-19520936.
The compounds of the invention may be used in combination with derivatives and analogues of the general class of dioxomorpholine antiparasitic agents as described in WO9615121 and also with anthelmintic active cyclic depsipeptides such as those described in WO9611945, WO9319053, WO9325543, EP0626375, EP0382173, WO9419334, EP0382173, and EP0503538.
The compounds of the invention may be used in combination with other ectoparasiticides; for example, fipronil; pyrethroids; organophosphates; insect growth regulators such as lufenuron; ecdysone agonists such as tebufenozide and the like; neonicotinoids such as imidacloprid and the like.
The compounds of the invention may be used in combination with terpene alkaloids, for example those described in WO95/19363 or W004/72086, particularly the compounds disclosed therein.
Other examples of such biologically active compounds that the compounds of the invention may be used in combination with include but are not restricted to the following:
Organophosphates: acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos- methyl, bromophos, bromophos-ethyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyphos, chlorpyrifos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, demeton, demeton-S-methyl, demeton-S-methyl sulfone, dialifos, diazinon, dichlorvos, dicrotophos, dimethoate, disulfoton, ethion, ethoprophos, etrimfos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fensulfothion, fenthion, flupyrazofos, fonofos, formothion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, isazophos, isothioate, isoxathion, malathion, methacriphos, methamidophos, methidathion, methyl- parathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, paraoxon, parathion, parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phosalone, phosfolan, phosphocarb, phosmet, phosphamidon, phorate, phoxim, pirimiphos, pirimiphos- methyl, profenofos, propaphos, proetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridapenthion, quinalphos, sulprophos, temephos, terbufos, tebupirimfos, tetrachlorvinphos, thimeton, triazophos, trichlorfon, vamidothion.
Carbamates: alanycarb, aldicarb, 2-sec-butylphenyl methylcarbamate, benfuracarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, cloethocarb, ethiofencarb, fenoxycarb, fenthiocarb, furathiocarb, HCN-801 , isoprocarb, indoxacarb, methiocarb, methomyl, 5-methyl-m-cumenylbutyryl(methyl)carbamate, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, UC-51717.
Pyrethroids: acrinathin, allethrin, alphametrin, 5-benzyl-3-furylmethyl (E)-(1 R)-cis-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-oxothiolan- 3-ylidenemethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate, bifenthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyfluthrin, a-cypermethrin, beta- cypermethrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin((S)-cyclopentylisomer), bioresmethrin, bifenthrin, NCI-85193, cycloprothrin, cyhalothrin, cythithrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, empenthrin, esfenvalerate, ethofenprox, fenfluthrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, fluvalinate (D isomer), imiprothrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, permethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, pyrethrins (natural products), resmethrin, tetramethrin, transfluthrin, theta-cypermethrin, silafluofen, t-fluvalinate, tefluthrin, tralomethrin, Zeta-cypermethrin. Arthropod growth regulators: a) chitin synthesis inhibitors: benzoylureas: chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, fluazuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron, buprofezin, diofenolan, hexythiazox, etoxazole, chlorfentazine; b) ecdysone antagonists: halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide; c) juvenoids: pyriproxyfen, methoprene (including S-methoprene), fenoxycarb; d) lipid biosynthesis inhibitors: spirodiclofen.
Other antiparasitics: acequinocyl, amitraz, AKD-1022, ANS-118, azadirachtin, Bacillus thuringiensis, bensultap, bifenazate, binapacryl, bromopropylate, BTG-504, BTG-505, camphechlor, cartap, chlorobenzilate, chlordimeform, chlorfenapyr, chromafenozide, clothianidine, cyromazine, diacloden, diafenthiuron, DBI-3204, dinactin, dihydroxymethyldihydroxypyrrolidine, dinobuton, dinocap, endosulfan, ethiprole, ethofenprox, fenazaquin, flumite, MTI- 800, fenpyroximate, fluacrypyrim, flubenzimine, flubrocythrinate, flufenzine, flufenprox, fluproxyfen, halofenprox, hydramethylnon, IKI-220, kanemite, NC-196, neem guard, nidinorterfuran, nitenpyram, SD-35651 , WL-108477, pirydaryl, propargite, protrifenbute, pymethrozine, pyridaben, pyrimidifen, NC-1111 , R-195, RH-0345, RH-2485, RYI-210, S-1283, S-1833, SI-8601 , silafluofen, silomadine, spinosad, tebufenpyrad, tetradifon, tetranactin, thiacloprid, thiocyclam, thiamethoxam, tolfenpyrad, triazamate, triethoxyspinosyn, trinactin, verbutin, vertalec, YI-5301.
Biological agents: Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. aizawai, kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis delta endotoxin, baculovirus, entomopathogenic bacteria, virus and fungi.
Bactericides: chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, streptomycin.
Other biological agents: enrofloxacin, febantel, penethamate, moloxicam, cefalexin, kanamycin, pimobendan, clenbuterol, omeprazole, tiamulin, benazepril, pyriprole, cefquinome, florfenicol, buserelin, cefovecin, tulathromycin, ceftiofur, carprofen, metaflumizone, praziquarantel, triclabendazole.
The following mixtures of the compounds of formula (I) with active ingredients are preferred. The abbreviation “TX” means one compound selected from compounds of formula (I), (l-A), (I-A1), (I-A2), (I-A3), (I-A4), or (I-A5), or compounds selected from compounds listed in Tables A-1 to A-23, or compounds listed in Table P (below), and a compound selected from the group of substances consisting of petroleum oils + TX, 1 ,1 -bis(4-chloro- phenyl)-2-ethoxyethanol + TX, 2,4-dichlorophenyl benzenesulfonate + TX, 2-fluoro-N-methyl-N-1- naphthylacetamide + TX, 4-chlorophenyl phenyl sulfone + TX, acetoprole + TX, aldoxycarb + TX, amidithion + TX, amidothioate + TX, amiton + TX, amiton hydrogen oxalate + TX, amitraz + TX, aramite + TX, arsenous oxide + TX, azobenzene + TX, azothoate + TX, benomyl + TX, benoxafos + TX, benzyl benzoate + TX, bixafen + TX, brofenvalerate + TX, bromocyclen + TX, bromophos + TX, bromopropylate + TX, buprofezin + TX, butocarboxim + TX, butoxycarboxim + TX, butylpyridaben + TX, calcium polysulfide + TX, camphechlor + TX, carbanolate + TX, carbophenothion + TX, cymiazole + TX, chinomethionat + TX, chlorbenside + TX, chlordimeform + TX, chlordimeform hydrochloride + TX, chlorfenethol + TX, chlorfenson + TX, chlorfensulfide + TX, chlorobenzilate + TX, chloromebuform + TX, chloromethiuron + TX, chloropropylate + TX, chlorthiophos + TX, cinerin I + TX, cinerin II + TX, cinerins + TX, closantel + TX, coumaphos + TX, crotamiton + TX, crotoxyphos + TX, cufraneb + TX, cyanthoate + TX, DCPM + TX, DDT + TX, demephion + TX, demephion-O + TX, demephion-S + TX, demeton-methyl + TX, demeton-O + TX, demeton-O-methyl + TX, demeton-S + TX, demeton-S-methyl + TX, demeton-S-methylsulfon + TX, dichlofluanid + TX, dichlorvos + TX, dicliphos + TX, dienochlor + TX, dimefox + TX, dinex + TX, dinex-diclexine + TX, dinocap-4 + TX, dinocap-6 + TX, dinocton + TX, dinopenton + TX, dinosulfon + TX, dinoterbon + TX, dioxathion + TX, diphenyl sulfone + TX, disulfiram + TX, DNOC + TX, dofenapyn + TX, doramectin + TX, endothion + TX, eprinomectin + TX, ethoate-methyl + TX, etrimfos + TX, fenazaflor + TX, fenbutatin oxide + TX, fenothiocarb + TX, fenpyrad + TX, fenpyroximate + TX, fenpyrazamine + TX, fenson + TX, fentrifanil + TX, flubenzimine + TX, flucycloxuron + TX, fluenetil + TX, fluorbenside + TX, FMC 1137 + TX, formetanate + TX, formetanate hydrochloride + TX, formparanate + TX, gamma-HCH + TX, glyodin + TX, halfenprox + TX, hexadecyl cyclopropanecarboxylate + TX, isocarbophos + TX, jasmolin I + TX, jasmolin II + TX, jodfenphos + TX, lindane + TX, malonoben + TX, mecarbam + TX, mephosfolan + TX, mesulfen + TX, methacrifos + TX, methyl bromide + TX, metolcarb + TX, mexacarbate + TX, milbemycin oxime + TX, mipafox + TX, monocrotophos + TX, morphothion + TX, moxidectin + TX, naled + TX, 4-chloro-2-(2-chloro-2-methyl-propyl)-5-[(6-iodo-3-pyridyl)methoxy]pyridazin-3-one + TX, nifluridide + TX, nikkomycins + TX, nitrilacarb + TX, nitrilacarb 1 :1 zinc chloride complex + TX, omethoate + TX, oxydeprofos + TX, oxydisulfoton + TX, pp'-DDT + TX, parathion + TX, permethrin + TX, phenkapton + TX, phosalone + TX, phosfolan + TX, phosphamidon + TX, polychloroterpenes + TX, polynactins + TX, proclonol + TX, promacyl + TX, propoxur + TX, prothidathion + TX, prothoate + TX, pyrethrin I + TX, pyrethrin II + TX, pyrethrins + TX, pyridaphenthion + TX, pyrimitate + TX, quinalphos + TX, quintiofos + TX, R-1492 + TX, phosglycin + TX, rotenone + TX, schradan + TX, sebufos + TX, selamectin + TX, sophamide + TX, SSI-121 + TX, sulfiram + TX, sulfluramid + TX, sulfotep + TX, sulfur + TX, diflovidazin + TX, tau-fluvalinate + TX, TEPP + TX, terbam + TX, tetradifon + TX, tetrasul + TX, thiafenox + TX, thiocarboxime + TX, thiofanox + TX, thiometon + TX, thioquinox + TX, thuringiensin + TX, triamiphos + TX, triarathene + TX, triazophos + TX, triazuron + TX, trifenofos + TX, trinactin + TX, vamidothion + TX, vaniliprole + TX, bethoxazin + TX, copper dioctanoate + TX, copper sulfate + TX, cybutryne + TX, dichlone + TX, dichlorophen + TX, endothal + TX, fentin + TX, hydrated lime + TX, nabam + TX, quinoclamine + TX, quinonamid + TX, simazine + TX, triphenyltin acetate + TX, triphenyltin hydroxide + TX, crufomate + TX, piperazine + TX, thiophanate + TX, chloralose + TX, fenthion + TX, pyridin- 4-amine + TX, strychnine + TX, 1 -hydroxy-1 H-pyridine-2-thione + TX, 4-(quinoxalin-2- ylamino)benzenesulfonamide + TX, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate + TX, bronopol + TX, copper hydroxide + TX, cresol + TX, dipyrithione + TX, dodicin + TX, fenaminosulf + TX, formaldehyde + TX, hydrargaphen + TX, kasugamycin + TX, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate + TX, nickel bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate) + TX, nitrapyrin + TX, octhilinone + TX, oxolinic acid + TX, oxytetracycline + TX, potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate + TX, probenazole + TX, streptomycin + TX, streptomycin sesquisulfate + TX, tecloftalam + TX, thiomersal + TX, Adoxophyes orana GV + TX, Agrobacterium radiobacter + TX, Amblyseius spp. + TX, Anagrapha falcifera NPV + TX, Anagrus atomus + TX, Aphelinus abdominalis + TX, Aphidius colemani + TX, Aphidoletes aphidimyza + TX, Autographa californica NPV + TX, Bacillus sphaericus Neide + TX, Beauveria brongn iartii + TX, Chrysoperla carnea + TX, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri + TX, Cydia pomonella GV + TX, Dacnusa sibirica + TX, Diglyphus isaea + TX, Encarsia formosa + TX, Eretmocerus eremicus + TX, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and H. megidis + TX, Hippodamia convergens + TX, Leptomastix dactylopii + TX, Macrolophus caliginosus + TX, Mamestra brassicae NPV + TX, Metaphycus helvolus + TX, Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum + TX, Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae + TX, Neodiprion sertifer NPV and N. lecontei NPV + TX, Orius spp. + TX, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus + TX, Phytoseiulus persimilis + TX, Steinernema bibionis + TX, Steinernema carpocapsae + TX, Steinernema feltiae + TX, Steinernema glaseri + TX, Steinernema riobrave + TX, Steinernema riobravis + TX, Steinernema scapterisci + TX, Steinernema spp. + TX, Trichogramma spp. + TX, Typhlodromus occidentalis + TX, Verticillium lecanii + TX, apholate + TX, bisazir + TX, busulfan + TX, dimatif + TX, hemel + TX, hempa + TX, metepa + TX, methiotepa + TX, methyl apholate + TX, morzid + TX, penfluron + TX, tepa + TX, thiohempa + TX, thiotepa + TX, tretamine + TX, uredepa + TX, (E)-dec-5-en-1-yl acetate with (E)-dec-5-en-1-ol + TX, (E)-tridec-4-en-1-yl acetate + TX, (E)-6-methylhept-2-en-4-ol + TX, (E,Z)- tetradeca-4,10-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, (Z)-dodec-7-en-1-yl acetate + TX, (Z)-hexadec-11-enal + TX, (Z)- hexadec-11 -en-1 -yl acetate + TX, (Z)-hexadec-13-en-11 -yn-1 -yl acetate + TX, (Z)-icos-13-en-10-one + TX, (Z)- tetradec-7-en-1-al + TX, (Z)-tetradec-9-en-1-ol + TX, (Z)-tetradec-9-en-1-yl acetate + TX, (7E,9Z)-dodeca-7,9- dien-1-yl acetate + TX, (9Z,11 E)-tetradeca-9,11-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, (9Z,12E)-tetradeca-9,12-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, 14-methyloctadec-1-ene + TX, 4-methylnonan-5-ol with 4-methylnonan-5-one + TX, alpha- multistriatin + TX, brevicomin + TX, codlelure + TX, codlemone + TX, cuelure + TX, disparlure + TX, dodec-8- en-1-yl acetate + TX, dodec-9-en-1-yl acetate + TX, dodeca-8,10-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, dominicalure + TX, ethyl 4-methyloctanoate + TX, eugenol + TX, frontalin + TX, grandlure + TX, grandlure I + TX, grandlure II + TX, grandlure III + TX, grandlure IV + TX, hexalure + TX, ipsdienol + TX, ipsenol + TX, japonilure + TX, lineatin + TX, litlure + TX, looplure + TX, medlure + TX, megatomoic acid + TX, methyl eugenol + TX, muscalure + TX, octadeca-2,13-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, octadeca-3,13-dien-1 -yl acetate + TX, orfralure + TX, oryctalure + TX, ostramone + TX, siglure + TX, sordidin + TX, sulcatol + TX, tetradec-11 -en-1 -yl acetate + TX, trimedlure + TX, trimedlure A + TX, trimedlure Bi + TX, trimedlure B2 + TX, trimedlure C + TX, trunc-call + TX, 2-(octylthio)- ethanol + TX, butopyronoxyl + TX, butoxy(polypropylene glycol) + TX, dibutyl adipate + TX, dibutyl phthalate + TX, dibutyl succinate + TX, diethyltoluamide + TX, dimethyl carbate + TX, dimethyl phthalate + TX, ethyl hexanediol + TX, hexamide + TX, methoquin-butyl + TX, methylneodecanamide + TX, oxamate + TX, picaridin + TX, 1 -dichloro-1 -nitroethane + TX, 1 ,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-ethylphenyl)ethane + TX, 1 ,2-dichloropropane with 1 ,3-dichloropropene + TX, 1-bromo-2-chloroethane + TX, 2,2,2-trichloro-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl acetate + TX, 2,2-dichlorovinyl 2-ethylsulfinylethyl methyl phosphate + TX, 2-(1 ,3-dithiolan-2-yl)phenyl dimethylcarbamate + TX, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl thiocyanate + TX, 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1 ,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl methylcarbamate + TX, 2-(4-chloro-3,5-xylyloxy)ethanol + TX, 2-chlorovinyl diethyl phosphate + TX, 2- imidazolidone + TX, 2-isovalerylindan-1 ,3-dione + TX, 2-methyl(prop-2-ynyl)aminophenyl methylcarbamate + TX, 2-thiocyanatoethyl laurate + TX, 3-bromo-1 -chloroprop-1 -ene + TX, 3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazol-5-yl dimethylcarbamate + TX, 4-methyl(prop-2-ynyl)amino-3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate + TX, 5,5-dimethyl-3- oxocyclohex-1-enyl dimethylcarbamate + TX, acethion + TX, acrylonitrile + TX, aldrin + TX, allosamidin + TX, allyxycarb + TX, alpha-ecdysone + TX, aluminium phosphide + TX, aminocarb + TX, anabasine + TX, athidathion + TX, azamethiphos + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis delta endotoxins + TX, barium hexafluorosilicate + TX, barium polysulfide + TX, barthrin + TX, Bayer 22/190 + TX, Bayer 22408 + TX, beta-cyfluthrin + TX, beta- cypermethrin + TX, bioethanomethrin + TX, biopermethrin + TX, bis(2-chloroethyl) ether + TX, borax + TX, bromfenvinfos + TX, bromo-DDT + TX, bufencarb + TX, butacarb + TX, butathiofos + TX, butonate + TX, calcium arsenate + TX, calcium cyanide + TX, carbon disulfide + TX, carbon tetrachloride + TX, cartap hydrochloride + TX, cevadine + TX, chlorbicyclen + TX, chlordane + TX, chlordecone + TX, chloroform + TX, chloropicrin + TX, chlorphoxim + TX, chlorprazophos + TX, cis-resmethrin + TX, cismethrin + TX, clocythrin + TX, copper acetoarsenite + TX, copper arsenate + TX, copper oleate + TX, coumithoate + TX, cryolite + TX, CS 708 + TX, cyanofenphos + TX, cyanophos + TX, cyclethrin + TX, cythioate + TX, d-tetramethrin + TX, DAEP + TX, dazomet + TX, decarbofuran + TX, diamidafos + TX, dicapthon + TX, dichlofenthion + TX, dicresyl + TX, dicyclanil + TX, dieldrin + TX, diethyl 5-methylpyrazol-3-yl phosphate + TX, dilor + TX, dimefluthrin + TX, dimetan + TX, dimethrin + TX, dimethylvinphos + TX, dimetilan + TX, dinoprop + TX, dinosam + TX, dinoseb + TX, diofenolan + TX, dioxabenzofos + TX, dithicrofos + TX, DSP + TX, ecdysterone + TX, El 1642 + TX, EMPC + TX, EPBP + TX, etaphos + TX, ethiofencarb + TX, ethyl formate + TX, ethylene dibromide + TX, ethylene dichloride + TX, ethylene oxide + TX, EXD + TX, fenchlorphos + TX, fenethacarb + TX, fenitrothion + TX, fenoxacrim + TX, fenpirithrin + TX, fensulfothion + TX, fenthion-ethyl + TX, flucofuron + TX, fosmethilan + TX, fospirate + TX, fosthietan + TX, furathiocarb + TX, furethrin + TX, guazatine + TX, guazatine acetates + TX, sodium tetrathiocarbonate + TX, halfenprox + TX, HCH + TX, HEOD + TX, heptachlor + TX, heterophos + TX, HHDN + TX, hydrogen cyanide + TX, hyquincarb + TX, IPSP + TX, isazofos + TX, isobenzan + TX, isodrin + TX, isofenphos + TX, isolane + TX, isoprothiolane + TX, isoxathion + TX, juvenile hormone I + TX, juvenile hormone II + TX, juvenile hormone III + TX, kelevan + TX, kinoprene + TX, lead arsenate + TX, leptophos + TX, lirimfos + TX, lythidathion + TX, m-cumenyl methylcarbamate + TX, magnesium phosphide + TX, mazidox + TX, mecarphon + TX, menazon + TX, mercurous chloride + TX, mesulfenfos + TX, metam + TX, metam- potassium + TX, metam-sodium + TX, methanesulfonyl fluoride + TX, methocrotophos + TX, methoprene + TX, methothrin + TX, methoxychlor + TX, methyl isothiocyanate + TX, methylchloroform + TX, methylene chloride + TX, metoxadiazone + TX, mirex + TX, naftalofos + TX, naphthalene + TX, NC-170 + TX, nicotine + TX, nicotine sulfate + TX, nithiazine + TX, nornicotine + TX, 0-5-dichloro-4-iodophenyl O-ethyl ethylphosphonothioate + TX, O,O-diethyl 0-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl phosphorothioate + TX, 0,0- diethyl 0-6-methyl-2-propylpyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate + TX, 0,0,0',0'-tetrapropyl dithiopyrophosphate + TX, oleic acid + TX, para-dichlorobenzene + TX, parathion-methyl + TX, pentachlorophenol + TX, pentachlorophenyl laurate + TX, PH 60-38 + TX, phenkapton + TX, phosnichlor + TX, phosphine + TX, phoximmethyl + TX, pirimetaphos + TX, polychlorodicyclopentadiene isomers + TX, potassium arsenite + TX, potassium thiocyanate + TX, precocene I + TX, precocene II + TX, precocene III + TX, primidophos + TX, profluthrin + TX, promecarb + TX, prothiofos + TX, pyrazophos + TX, pyresmethrin + TX, quassia + TX, quinalphos-methyl + TX, quinothion + TX, rafoxanide + TX, resmethrin + TX, rotenone + TX, kadethrin + TX, ryania + TX, ryanodine + TX, sabadilla + TX, schradan + TX, sebufos + TX, SI-0009 + TX, thiapronil + TX, sodium arsenite + TX, sodium cyanide + TX, sodium fluoride + TX, sodium hexafluorosilicate + TX, sodium pentachlorophenoxide + TX, sodium selenate + TX, sodium thiocyanate + TX, sulcofuron + TX, sulcofuron- sodium + TX, sulfuryl fluoride + TX, sulprofos + TX, tar oils + TX, tazimcarb + TX, TDE + TX, tebupirimfos + TX, temephos + TX, terallethrin + TX, tetrachloroethane + TX, thicrofos + TX, thiocyclam + TX, thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate + TX, thionazin + TX, thiosultap + TX, thiosultap-sodium + TX, tralomethrin + TX, transpermethrin + TX, triazamate + TX, trichlormetaphos-3 + TX, trichloronat + TX, trimethacarb + TX, tolprocarb + TX, triclopyricarb + TX, triprene + TX, veratridine + TX, veratrine + TX, XMC + TX, zetamethrin + TX, zinc phosphide + TX, zolaprofos + TX, meperfluthrin + TX, tetramethylfluthrin + TX, bis(tributyltin) oxide + TX, bromoacetamide + TX, ferric phosphate + TX, niclosamide-olamine + TX, tributyltin oxide + TX, pyrimorph + TX, trifenmorph + TX, 1 ,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane + TX, 1 ,3-dichloropropene + TX, 3,4- dichlorotetrahydrothiophene 1 ,1-dioxide + TX, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methylrhodanine + TX, 5-methyl-6-thioxo- 1 ,3,5-thiadiazinan-3-ylacetic acid + TX, 6-isopentenylaminopurine + TX, 2-fluoro-N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-9H- purin-6-amine + TX, benclothiaz + TX, cytokinins + TX, DCIP + TX, furfural + TX, isamidofos + TX, kinetin + TX, Myrothecium verrucaria composition + TX, tetrachlorothiophene + TX, xylenols + TX, zeatin + TX, potassium ethylxanthate + TX, acibenzolar + TX, acibenzolar-S-methyl + TX, Reynoutria sachalinensis extract + TX, alpha-chlorohydrin + TX, antu + TX, barium carbonate + TX, bisthiosemi + TX, brodifacoum + TX, bromadiolone + TX, bromethalin + TX, chlorophacinone + TX, cholecalciferol + TX, coumachlor + TX, coumafuryl + TX, coumatetralyl + TX, crimidine + TX, difenacoum + TX, difethialone + TX, diphacinone + TX, ergocalciferol + TX, flocoumafen + TX, fluoroacetamide + TX, flupropadine + TX, flupropadine hydrochloride + TX, norbormide + TX, phosacetim + TX, phosphorus + TX, pindone + TX, pyrinuron + TX, scilliroside + TX, sodium fluoroacetate + TX, thallium sulfate + TX, warfarin + TX, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl piperonylate + TX, 5- (1 ,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-hexylcyclohex-2-enone + TX, farnesol with nerolidol + TX, verbutin + TX, MGK 264 + TX, piperonyl butoxide + TX, piprotal + TX, propyl isomer + TX, S421 + TX, sesamex + TX, sesasmolin + TX, sulfoxide + TX, anthraquinone + TX, copper naphthenate + TX, copper oxychloride + TX, dicyclopentadiene + TX, thiram + TX, zinc naphthenate + TX, ziram + TX, imanin + TX, ribavirin + TX, mercuric oxide + TX, thiophanate-methyl + TX, azaconazole + TX, bitertanol + TX, bromuconazole + TX, cyproconazole + TX, difenoconazole + TX, diniconazole + TX, epoxiconazole + TX, fenbuconazole + TX, fluquinconazole + TX, flusilazole + TX, flutriafol + TX, furametpyr + TX, hexaconazole + TX, imazalil + TX, imibenconazole + TX, ipconazole + TX, metconazole + TX, myclobutanil + TX, paclobutrazole + TX, pefurazoate + TX, penconazole + TX, proth ioconazole + TX, pyrifenox + TX, prochloraz + TX, propiconazole + TX, pyrisoxazole + TX, - simeconazole + TX, tebuconazole + TX, tetraconazole + TX, triadimefon + TX, triadimenol + TX, triflumizole + TX, triticonazole + TX, ancymidol + TX, fenarimol + TX, nuarimol + TX, bupirimate + TX, dimethirimol + TX, ethirimol + TX, dodemorph + TX, fenpropidin + TX, fenpropimorph + TX, spiroxamine + TX, tridemorph + TX, cyprodinil + TX, mepanipyrim + TX, pyrimethanil + TX, fenpiclonil + TX, fludioxonil + TX, benalaxyl + TX, furalaxyl + TX, metalaxyl + TX, R-metalaxyl + TX, ofurace + TX, oxadixyl + TX, carbendazim + TX, debacarb + TX, fuberidazole + TX, thiabendazole + TX, chlozolinate + TX, dichlozoline + TX, myclozoline + TX, procymidone + TX, vinclozoline + TX, boscalid + TX, carboxin + TX, fenfuram + TX, flutolanil + TX, mepronil + TX, oxycarboxin + TX, penthiopyrad + TX, thifluzamide + TX, dodine + TX, iminoctadine + TX, azoxystrobin + TX, dimoxystrobin + TX, enestroburin + TX, fenaminstrobin + TX, flufenoxystrobin + TX, fluoxastrobin + TX, kresoxim-methyl + TX, metominostrobin + TX, trifloxystrobin + TX, orysastrobin + TX, picoxystrobin + TX, pyraclostrobin + TX, pyrametostrobin + TX, pyraoxystrobin + TX, ferbam + TX, mancozeb + TX, maneb + TX, metiram + TX, propineb + TX, zineb + TX, captafol + TX, captan + TX, fluoroimide + TX, folpet + TX, tolylfluanid + TX, bordeaux mixture + TX, copper oxide + TX, mancopper + TX, oxine-copper + TX, nitrothal-isopropyl + TX, edifenphos + TX, iprobenphos + TX, phosdiphen + TX, tolclofos-methyl + TX, anilazine + TX, benth iavalicarb + TX, blasticidin-S + TX, chloroneb + TX, chlorothalonil + TX, cyflufenamid + TX, cymoxanil + TX, cyclobutrifluram + TX, diclocymet + TX, diclomezine + TX, dicloran + TX, diethofencarb + TX, dimethomorph + TX, flumorph + TX, dithianon + TX, ethaboxam + TX, etridiazole + TX, famoxadone + TX, fenamidone + TX, fenoxanil + TX, ferimzone + TX, fluazinam + TX, fluopicolide + TX, flusulfamide + TX, fluxapyroxad + TX, fenhexamid + TX, fosetyl-aluminium + TX, hymexazol + TX, iprovalicarb + TX, cyazofamid + TX, methasulfocarb + TX, metrafenone + TX, pencycuron + TX, phthalide + TX, polyoxins + TX, propamocarb + TX, pyribencarb + TX, proquinazid + TX, pyroquilon + TX, pyriofenone + TX, quinoxyfen + TX, quintozene + TX, tiadinil + TX, triazoxide + TX, tricyclazole + TX, triforine + TX, validamycin + TX, valifenalate + TX, zoxamide + TX, mandipropamid + TX, flubeneteram + TX, isopyrazam + TX, sedaxane + TX, benzovindiflupyr + TX, pydiflumetofen + TX, 3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (3',4',5'-trifluoro-biphenyl-
2-yl)-amide + TX, isoflucypram + TX, isotianil + TX, dipymetitrone + TX, 6-ethyl-5,7-dioxo- pyrrolo[4,5][1 ,4]dithiino[1 ,2-c]isothiazole-3-carbonitrile + TX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[3-ethyl-1 ,1-dimethyl-indan- 4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide + TX, 4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methyl-5-phenyl-pyridazine-3-carbonitrile + TX, (R)-
3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[1 ,1 ,3-trimethylindan-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide + TX, 4-(2-bromo-4-fluoro- phenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluoro-phenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-3-amine + TX, 4- (2- bromo- 4- fluorophenyl) - N- (2- chloro- 6- fluorophenyl) - 1 , 3- dimethyl- 1 H- pyrazol- 5- amine + TX, fluindapyr + TX, coumethoxystrobin (jiaxiangjunzhi) + TX, Ivbenmixianan + TX, dichlobentiazox + TX, mandestrobin + TX, 3-(4,4-difluoro-3,4- dihydro-3,3-dimethylisoquinolin-1-yl)quinolone + TX, 2-[2-fluoro-6-[(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3- quinolyl)oxy]phenyl]propan-2-ol + TX, oxathiapiprolin + TX, tert-butyl N-[6-[[[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl- methylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridyl]carbamate + TX, pyraziflumid + TX, inpyrfluxam + TX, trolprocarb + TX, mefentrifluconazole + TX, ipfentrifluconazole+ TX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3-ethyl-1 ,1-dimethyl-indan-4- yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide + TX, N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-phenoxy-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine + TX, N'- [4-(4,5-dichlorothiazol-2-yl)oxy-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine + TX, [2-[3-[2-[1-[2-[3,5- bis(difluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl]-3-chloro-phenyl] methanesulfonate + TX, but-3-ynyl N-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl-methylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2- pyridyl]carbamate + TX, methyl N-[[5-[4-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)triazol-2-yl]-2-methyl-phenyl]methyl]carbamate + TX, 3-chloro-6-methyl-5-phenyl-4-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)pyridazine + TX, pyridachlometyl + TX, 3- (difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[1 ,1 ,3-trimethylindan-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide + TX, 1 -[2-[[1-(4- chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxymethyl]-3-methyl-phenyl]-4-methyl-tetrazol-5-one + TX, 1 -methyl-4-[3-methyl-2- [[2-methyl-4-(3,4,5-trimethylpyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl]phenyl]tetrazol-5-one + TX, aminopyrifen + TX, ametoctradin + TX, amisulbrom + TX, penflufen + TX, (Z,2E)-5-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxy-2- methoxyimino-N,3-dimethyl-pent-3-enamide + TX, florylpicoxamid + TX, fenpicoxamid + TX, tebufloquin + TX, ipflufenoquin + TX, quinofumelin + TX, isofetamid + TX, N-[2-[2,4-dichloro-phenoxy]phenyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)- 1 -methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide + TX, N-[2-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-
1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide + TX, benzothiostrobin + TX, phenamacril + TX, 5-amino-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-
2-thiol zinc salt (2:1) + TX, fluopyram + TX, flutianil + TX, fluopimomide + TX, pyrapropoyne + TX, picarbutrazox + TX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3-ethyl-1 ,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide + TX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N- ((3R)-1 ,1 ,3- trimethylindan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide + TX, 4-[[6-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1 , 1 -difluoro-2- hydroxy-3-(1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy]benzonitrile + TX, metyltetraprole + TX, a- (1 ,1- dimethylethyl)- a- [4'- (trifluoromethoxy) [1 , 1 '-biphenyl]-4-yl] -5- pyrimidinemethanol + TX, fluoxapiprolin + TX, enoxastrobin + TX, 4-[[6-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1 ,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3- pyridyl]oxy] benzonitrile + TX, 4-[[6-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1 ,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(5-sulfanyl-1 ,2,4-triazol-1 - yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy] benzonitrile + TX, 4-[[6-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1 ,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(5-thioxo-4H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy]benzonitrile + TX, trinexapac + TX, coumoxystrobin + TX, zhongshengmycin + TX, thiodiazole copper + TX, zinc thiazole + TX, amectotractin + TX, iprodione + TX, N-octyl-N'-[2-(octylamino)ethyl]ethane-1 ,2-diamine + TX; N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-[(1 S)-1-methyl-2- propoxy-ethoxy]-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine + TX, N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-[(1 R)-1-methyl-2- propoxy-ethoxy]-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine + TX, N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-(1 -methyl-2-propoxy- ethoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine + TX, N'-[5-chloro-2-methyl-6-(1-methyl-2-propoxy-ethoxy)-3- pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine + TX, N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-(1 -methyl-2-propoxy-ethoxy)-3-pyridyl]- N-isopropyl-N-methyl-formamidine + TX (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2015/155075); N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-(2-propoxypropoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine + TX (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in IPCOM000249876D); N-isopropyl-N’-[5- methoxy-2-methyl-4-(2, 2, 2-trifluoro-1 -hydroxy-1 -phenyl-ethyl)phenyl]-N-methyl-formamidine+ TX, N’-[4-(1- cyclopropyl-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-phenyl]-N-isopropyl-N-methyl-formamidine + TX (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2018/228896); N-ethyl-N’-[5- methoxy-2-methyl-4-[2-trifluoromethyl)oxetan-2-yl]phenyl]-N-methyl-formamidine + TX, N-ethyl-N’-[5- methoxy-2-methyl-4-[2-trifuoromethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]phenyl]-N-methyl-formamidine + TX (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2019/110427); N-[(1 R)-1-benzyl-3-chloro-1- methyl-but-3-enyl]-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-[(1 S)-1 -benzyl-3-chloro-1 -methyl-but-3-enyl]-8- fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-[(1 R)-1 -benzyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-methyl-propyl]-8-fluoro-quinoline-3- carboxamide + TX, N-[(1 S)-1-benzyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-methyl-propyl]-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-[(1 R)-1-benzyl-1 ,3-dimethyl-butyl]-7,8-difluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-[(1 S)-1-benzyl-1 ,3- dimethyl-butyl]-7,8-difluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, 8-fluoro-N-[(1 R)-1 -[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1 ,3- dimethyl-butyl]quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, 8-fluoro-N-[(1 S)-1 -[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1 ,3-dimethyl- butyl]quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-[(1 R)-1-benzyl-1 ,3-dimethyl-butyl]-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-[(1 S)-1-benzyl-1 ,3-dimethyl-butyl]-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-((1 R)-1-benzyl-3-chloro-1- methyl-but-3-enyl)-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-((1 S)-1 -benzyl-3-chloro-1 -methyl-but-3-enyl)-8- fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2017/153380); 1-(6,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)-4,4,5-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline + TX, 1-(6,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)-4,4,6-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline + TX, 4,4-difluoro-3,3- dimethyl-1-(6-methylpyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)isoquinoline + TX, 4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-1-(7- methylpyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)isoquinoline + TX, 1-(6-chloro-7-methyl-pyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)-4,4- difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline + TX (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2017/025510); 1-(4,5-dimethylbenzimidazol-1 -yl)-4,4,5-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline + TX, 1-(4,5- dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline + TX, 6-chloro-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-1- (4-methylbenzimidazol-1 -y I) isoq u i n o I ine + TX, 4,4-difluoro-1 -(5-fluoro-4-methyl-benzimidazol-1 -yl)-3,3- dimethyl-isoquinoline + TX, 3-(4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-1-isoquinolyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H- cyclopenta[e]benzimidazole + TX (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2016/156085); N-methoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide + TX, N,2-dimethoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide + TX, N-ethyl-2-methyl-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide + TX, 1-methoxy-3-methyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]urea + TX, 1 ,3-dimethoxy-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea + TX, 3-ethyl-1-methoxy-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea + TX, N-[[4-[5- (trifluoromethyl)-l ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide + TX, 4,4-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 .2.4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one + TX, 5,5-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one + TX, ethyl 1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-4-carboxylate + TX, N,N-dimethyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]-1 ,2,4-triazol-3-amine + TX. The compounds in this paragraph may be prepared from the methods described in WO2017/055473, WO2017/055469, WO2017/093348 and WO2017/118689; 2-[6-(4- chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-1-(1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol + TX (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2017/029179); 2-[6-(4-bromophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3- pyridyl]-1-(1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol + TX (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2017/029179); 3-[2-(1 -chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-propyl]imidazole-4-carbonitrile + TX (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2016/156290); 3-[2-(1- chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(3-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-propyl]imidazole-4-carbonitrile + TX (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2016/156290); (4-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 2-amino-6- methyl-pyridine-3-carboxylate + TX (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2014/006945); 2,6-Dimethyl-1 H,5H-[1 ,4]d ith iino [2 , 3-c:5 ,6-c']d ipy rrole- 1 ,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetrone + TX (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2011/138281); N-methyl-4-[5- (trifluoromethyl)-l ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzenecarbothioamide + TX; N-methyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide + TX; (Z,2E)-5-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3- dimethyl-pent-3-enamide + TX (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2018/153707); N'-(2-chloro-5-methyl-4-phenoxy-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine + TX; N'-[2-chloro- 4-(2-fluorophenoxy)-5-methyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine + TX (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2016/202742); 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3S)-3-ethyl-1 ,1-dimethyl-indan-4- yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide + TX (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2014/095675); (5-methyl-2-pyridyl)-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methanone + TX, (3- methylisoxazol-5-yl)-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methanone + TX (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2017/220485); 2-oxo-N-propyl-2-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 .2.4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]acetamide + TX (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2018/065414); ethyl 1 -[[5-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]-2-thienyl]methyl]pyrazole-4- carboxylate + TX (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO2018/158365); 2,2- difluoro-N-methyl-2-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]acetamide + TX, N-[(E)- methoxyiminomethyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide + TX, N-[(Z)-methoxyiminomethyl]- 4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide + TX, N-[N-methoxy-C-methyl-carbonimidoyl]-4-[5- (trifluoromethyl)-l ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide + TX (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2018/202428), chloroinconazide + TX, flumetylsulforim + TX, fluoxytioconazole + TX, flufenoxadiazam +TX, metarylpicoxamid +TX.
The references in brackets behind the active ingredients, e.g. [3878-19-1] refer to the Chemical Abstracts Registry number. The above described mixing partners are known. Where the active ingredients are included in "The Pesticide Manual" [The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium; Thirteenth Edition; Editor: C. D. S. TomLin; The British Crop Protection Council], they are described therein under the entry number given in round brackets hereinabove for the particular compound; for example, the compound "abamectin" is described under entry number (1). Where "[CCN]" is added hereinabove to the particular compound, the compound in question is included in the "Compendium of Pesticide Common Names", which is accessible on the internet [A. Wood; Compendium of Pesticide Common Names, Copyright © 1995-2004]; for example, the compound "acetoprole" is described under the internet address http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/acetoprole.html.
Most of the active ingredients described above are referred to hereinabove by a so-called "common name", the relevant "ISO common name" or another "common name" being used in individual cases. If the designation is not a "common name", the nature of the designation used instead is given in round brackets for the particular compound; in that case, the IUPAC name, the lUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name, a "chemical name", a "traditional name", a "compound name" or a "development code" is used or, if neither one of those designations nor a "common name" is used, an "alternative name" is employed. “CAS Reg. No” means the Chemical Abstracts Registry Number.
The active ingredient mixture of the compound selected from compounds of formula (I), (l-A), (I-A1), (I-A2), (I- A3), (I-A4), or (I-A5), or compounds selected from compounds listed in Tables A-1 to A-23, or compounds listed in Table P (below), is preferably in a mixing ratio of from 100:1 to 1 :100, especially from 50:1 to 1 :50, more especially in a ratio of from 20:1 to 1 :20, even more especially from 10:1 to 1 :10, and still more especially from 5:1 to 1 :5 Those mixing ratios are by weight.
The mixtures as described above can be used in a method for controlling pests, which comprises applying a composition comprising a mixture as described above to the pests or their environment, with the exception of a method for treatment of the human or animal body by surgery or therapy and diagnostic methods practised on the human or animal body.
The mixtures comprising a compound selected from compounds of formula (I), (l-A), (I-A1), (I-A2), (I-A3), (I- A4), or (I-A5), or compounds selected from compounds listed in Tables A-1 to A-23, or compounds listed in Table P (below), and one or more active ingredients as described above can be applied, for example, in a single “ready-mix” form, in a combined spray mixture composed from separate formulations of the single active ingredient components, such as a “tank-mix”, and in a combined use of the single active ingredients when applied in a sequential manner, i.e. one after the other with a reasonably short period, such as a few hours or days. The order of applying a compound selected from compounds of formula (I), (l-A), (I-A1), (I-A2), (I-A3), (I- A4), or (I-A5), or compounds selected from compounds listed in Tables A-1 to A-23, or compounds listed in Table P (below), and the active ingredients) as described above, is not essential for working the present invention.
The compositions according to the invention can also comprise further solid or liquid auxiliaries, such as stabilizers, for example unepoxidized or epoxidized vegetable oils (for example epoxidized coconut oil, rapeseed oil or soya oil), antifoams, for example silicone oil, preservatives, viscosity regulators, binders and/or tackifiers, fertilizers or other active ingredients for achieving specific effects, for example bactericides, fungicides, nematocides, plant activators, molluscicides or herbicides.
The compositions according to the invention are prepared in a manner known per se, in the absence of auxiliaries for example by grinding, screening and/or compressing a solid active ingredient and in the presence of at least one auxiliary for example by intimately mixing and/or grinding the active ingredient with the auxiliary (auxiliaries). These processes for the preparation of the compositions and the use of the compounds (I) for the preparation of these compositions are also a subject of the invention.
Another aspect of the invention is related to the use of a compound of formula (I) according to the invention or of a preferred individual compound as defined herein, of a composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) or at least one preferred individual compound as defined herein, or of a fungicidal or insecticidal mixture comprising at least one compound of formula (I) or at least one preferred individual compound as defined herein, in admixture with other fungicides or insecticides as described above, for controlling or preventing infestation of plants, e.g. useful plants such as crop plants, propagation material thereof, e.g. seeds, harvested crops, e.g. harvested food crops, or non-living materials by insects or by phytopathogenic microorganisms, preferably fungal organisms.
A further aspect of invention is related to a method of controlling or preventing an infestation of plants, e.g. useful plants such as crop plants, propagation material thereof, e.g. seeds, harvested crops, e.g. harvested food crops, or of non-living materials by phytopathogenic or spoilage microorganisms or organisms potentially harmful to man, especially fungal organisms, which comprises the application of a compound of formula (I) according to the invention or of a preferred individual compound as defined herein as active ingredient to the plants, to parts of the plants or to the locus thereof, to the propagation material thereof, or to any part of the non-living materials.
Controlling or preventing means reducing infestation by insects or by phytopathogenic or spoilage microorganisms or organisms potentially harmful to man, especially fungal organisms, to such a level that an improvement is demonstrated.
A preferred method of controlling or preventing an infestation of crop plants by phytopathogenic microorganisms, especially fungal organisms, or insects which comprises the application of a compound of formula (I) according to the invention, or an agrochemical composition which contains at least one compound of formula (I), is foliar application. The frequency of application and the rate of application will depend on the risk of infestation by the corresponding pathogen or insect. However, the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention can also penetrate the plant through the roots via the soil (systemic action) by drenching the locus of the plant with a liquid formulation, or by applying the compounds in solid form to the soil, e.g., in granular form (soil application). In crops of water rice such granulates can be applied to the flooded rice field. The compounds of formula (I) may also be applied to seeds (coating) by impregnating the seeds or tubers either with a liquid formulation of the fungicide or coating them with a solid formulation.
A formulation, e.g., a composition containing the compound of formula (I) according to the invention and, if desired, a solid or liquid adjuvant or monomers for encapsulating the compound of formula (I), may be prepared in a known manner, typically by intimately mixing and/or grinding the compound with extenders, for example solvents, solid carriers and, optionally, surface active compounds (surfactants).
Advantageous rates of application are normally from 5g to 2kg of active ingredient (a.i.) per hectare (ha), preferably from 10g to I kg a.i./ha, most preferably from 20g to 600g a.i./ha. When used as seed drenching agent, convenient dosages are from 10mg to 1g of active substance per kg of seeds.
The term “g a.i./ha” as used herein refer to the application rate given in gram [g] of active ingredient [a.i.] per unit of surface [ha]. The unit hectare (symbol ha) is the metric unit of area that equals a square with 100 m side (1 hm2) or 10,000 square meters. Hectare is a commonly used unit of area in the metric system.
When the combinations of the present invention are used fortreating seed, rates of 0.001 to 50 g of a compound of formula (I) per kg of seed, preferably from 0.01 to 10g per kg of seed are generally sufficient.
Suitably, a composition comprising a compound of formula (I) according to the present invention is applied either preventative, meaning prior to disease development or curative, meaning after disease development.
The compositions of the invention may be employed in any conventional form, for example in the form of a twin pack, a powder for dry seed treatment (DS), an emulsion for seed treatment (ES), a flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), a solution for seed treatment (LS), a water dispersible powder for seed treatment (WS), a capsule suspension for seed treatment (CF), a gel for seed treatment (GF), an emulsion concentrate (EC), a suspension concentrate (SC), a suspo-emulsion (SE), a capsule suspension (CS), a water dispersible granule (WG), an emulsifiable granule (EG), an emulsion, water in oil (EG), an emulsion, oil in water (EW), a microemulsion (ME), an oil dispersion (OD), an oil miscible flowable (OF), an oil miscible liquid (OL), a soluble concentrate (SL), an ultra-low volume suspension (SU), an ultra-low volume liquid (UL), a technical concentrate (TK), a dispersible concentrate (DC), a wettable powder (WP) or any technically feasible formulation in combination with agriculturally acceptable adjuvants.
Such compositions may be produced in conventional manner, e.g., by mixing the active ingredients with appropriate formulation inerts (diluents, solvents, fillers and optionally other formulating ingredients such as surfactants, biocides, anti-freeze, stickers, thickeners and compounds that provide adjuvancy effects). Also, conventional slow-release formulations may be employed where long lasting efficacy is intended. Particularly formulations to be applied in spraying forms, such as water dispersible concentrates (e.g. EC, SC, DC, OD, SE, EW, EO and the like), wettable powders and granules, may contain surfactants such as wetting and dispersing agents and other compounds that provide adjuvancy effects, e.g. the condensation product of formaldehyde with naphthalene sulfonate, an alkylarylsulfonate, a lignin sulfonate, a fatty alkyl sulphate, and ethoxylated alkylphenol and an ethoxylated fatty alcohol.
A seed dressing formulation is applied in a manner known per se to the seeds employing the combination of the invention and a diluent in suitable seed dressing formulation form, e.g., as an aqueous suspension or in a dry powder form having good adherence to the seeds. Such seed dressing formulations are known in the art. Seed dressing formulations may contain the single active ingredients or the combination of active ingredients in encapsulated form, e.g., as slow-release capsules or microcapsules.
In general, the formulations include from 0.01 to 90% by weight of active agent, from 0 to 20% agriculturally acceptable surfactant and 10 to 99.99% solid or liquid formulation inerts and adjuvants), the active agent consisting of at least the compound of formula (I) according to the invention optionally together with other active agents, particularly microbiocides or conservatives or the like. Concentrated forms of compositions generally contain in between about 2 and 80%, preferably between about 5 and 70% by weight of active agent. Application forms of formulation may for example contain from 0.01 to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 5% by weight of active agent. Whereas commercial products will preferably be formulated as concentrates, the end user will normally employ diluted formulations.
Whereas it is preferred to formulate commercial products as concentrates, the end user will normally use dilute formulations.
The rates of application vary within wide limits and depend on the nature of the soil, the method of application, the crop plant, the pest to be controlled, the prevailing climatic conditions, and other factors governed by the method of application, the time of application and the target crop. As a general guideline, compounds may be applied at a rate of from 1 to 2000 l/ha, especially from 10 to 1000 l/ha.
Preferred formulations can have the following compositions (weight %)
Emulsifiable concentrates: active ingredient: 1 to 95 %, preferably 60 to 90 % surface-active agent: 1 to 30 %, preferably 5 to 20 % liquid carrier: 1 to 80 %, preferably 1 to 35 %
Dusts: active ingredient: 0.1 to 10 %, preferably 0.1 to 5 % solid carrier: 99.9 to 90 %, preferably 99.9 to 99 %
Suspension concentrates: active ingredient: 5 to 75 %, preferably 10 to 50 % water: 94 to 24 %, preferably 88 to 30 % surface-active agent: 1 to 40 %, preferably 2 to 30 %
Wettable powders: active ingredient: 0.5 to 90 %, preferably 1 to 80 % surface-active agent: 0.5 to 20 %, preferably 1 to 15 % solid carrier: 5 to 95 %, preferably 15 to 90 %
Granules: active ingredient: 0.1 to 30 %, preferably 0.1 to 15 % solid carrier: 99.5 to 70 %, preferably 97 to 85 %
The disclosure in the present application makes available each and every combination of embodiments disclosed herein.
The compounds according to the following Tables A-1 to A-23 may be prepared according to the methods described above. The examples which follow are intended to illustrate the invention and show preferred compounds of formula (I). In any of Tables A-1 to A-23 below, the presence of one or more possible asymmetric carbon atoms in a compound of formula (I) according to the invention means that the compounds may occur in chiral isomeric forms, i.e., enantiomeric or diastereomeric forms.
Table A: This table discloses 75 compounds of formula (laa) according to the invention wherein:
Figure imgf000073_0001
, as defined below:
Figure imgf000073_0002
Figure imgf000074_0001
Figure imgf000075_0002
The following compounds represent specific compounds of formula (laa) as described in Tables A-1 to A-23 wherein G is as defined in Table A. For instance, the compound A-1.G1 represents a compound of formula (laa) wherein R2, R4, R5, R6, R10, R11 and B1 are as defined in Table A-1 and G is G1 as defined in Table A. Table A-1 : This table provides 75 compounds A-1 ,G1 to A-1 .G75 of formula (laa) wherein R2, R4, R5, R6, R10, and R11 are H, B1 is CH, and G is as defined in Table A. For example, compound A-1.G1 has the following structure:
Figure imgf000075_0001
Compound A-1 ,G1
Table A-2: This table provides 75 compounds A-2.G1 to A-2.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R2, R4, R5, R6, R10, and R11 are H, B1 is CCI, and G is as defined in Table A.
Table A-3: This table provides 75 compounds A-3.G1 to A-3.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R2 is CH3, R4, R5, R6, R10, and R11 are H, B1 is CH, and G is as defined in Table A.
Table A-3: This table provides 75 compounds A-3.G1 to A-3.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R2 is CH3, R4, R5, R6, R10, and R11 are H, B1 is CH, and G is as defined in Table A. Table A-4: This table provides 75 compounds A-4.G1 to A-4.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R2 is CH3, R4, R5, R6, R10, and R11 are H, B1 is CCI, and G is as defined in Table A. Table A-5: This table provides 75 compounds A-5.G1 to A-5.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R4 is CH3, R2, R5, R6, R10, and R11 are H, B1 is CH, and G is as defined in Table A.
Table A-6: This table provides 75 compounds A-6.G1 to A-6.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R4 is CH3, R2, R5, R6, R10, and R11 are H, B1 is CCI, and G is as defined in Table A. For example, compound A-6.G3 has the following structure:
Figure imgf000076_0001
Compound A-6.G3
Table A-7: This table provides 75 compounds A-7.G1 to A-7.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R4 is CH3, R2, R5, R6, R10, and R11 are H, B1 is CBr, and G is as defined in Table A.
Table A-8: This table provides 75 compounds A-8.G1 to A-8.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R4 is CH3, R2, R5, R6, R10, and R11 are H, B1 is CON, and G is as defined in Table A.
Table A-9: This table provides 75 compounds A-9.G1 to A-9.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R4 is CH3, R2, R5, R6, R10, and R11 are H, B1 is CCOCH3, and G is as defined in Table A.
Table A-10: This table provides 75 compounds A-10.G1 to A-10.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R4 is CH3, R2, R5, R6, R10, and R11 are H, B1 is CCOCH3, and G is as defined in Table A.
Table A-11 : This table provides 75 compounds A-11.G1 to A-11 .G75 of formula (laa) wherein R4 is CH3, R2, R5, R6, R10, and R11 are H, B1 is CC=N(OCH3)CH3, and G is as defined in Table A. For example, compound A11-G72 has the following structure.
Figure imgf000076_0002
Compound A11-G72
Table A-12: This table provides 75 compounds A-12.G1 to A-12.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R4 is CH3, R2, R5, R6, R10, and R11 are H, B1 is CNH2, and G is as defined in Table A.
Table A-13: This table provides 75 compounds A-13.G1 to A-13.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R2 and R4 are CH3, R5, R6, R10, and R11 are H, B1 is CCI, and G is as defined in Table A.
Table A-14: This table provides 75 compounds A-14.G1 to A-14.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R2 and R4 are CH3, R5, R6, R10, and R11 are H, B1 is CCN, and G is as defined in Table A. Table A-15: This table provides 75 compounds A-15.G1 to A-15.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R2 is Cl, R4 is CH3, R5, R6, R10, and R11 are H, B1 is CCI, and G is as defined in Table A.
Table A-16: This table provides 75 compounds A-16.G1 to A-16.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R2 is Cl, R4 is CH3, R5, R6, R10, and R11 are H, B1 is CCN, and G is as defined in Table A. For example, compound A-16.G64 has the following structure.
Figure imgf000077_0001
Compound A16-G64
Table A-17: This table provides 75 compounds A-17.G1 to A-17.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R4 is CH3, R10 is Cl, R2, R5, R6, and R11 are H, B1 is CH, and G is as defined in Table A.
Table A-18: This table provides 75 compounds A-18.G1 to A-18.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R4 is CH3, R10 is CN, R2, R5, R6, and R11 are H, B1 is CH, and G is as defined in Table A.
Table A-19: This table provides 75 compounds A-19.G1 to A-19.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R4 is CH3, R11 is Cl, R2, R5, R6, and R10 are H, B1 is CH, and G is as defined in Table A.
Table A-20: This table provides 75 compounds A-20.G1 to A-20.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R4 is CH3, R11 is CN, R2, R5, R6, and R10 are H, B1 is CH, and G is as defined in Table A.
Table A-21 : This table provides 75 compounds A-21.G1 to A-21 .G75 of formula (laa) wherein R4 is CH3, R11 is OCH3, R2, R5, R6, and R10 are H, B1 is CCI, and G is as defined in Table A.
Table A-22: This table provides 75 compounds A-22.G1 to A-22.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R4 is CH3, R2, R5, R6, R10, and R11 are H, B1 is N, and G is as defined in Table A. For example, compound A-22.G18 has the following structure:
Figure imgf000077_0002
Compound A-22.G18
Table A-23: This table provides 75 compounds A-23.G1 to A-23.G75 of formula (laa) wherein R4 is CH3, R10 is Cl, R2, R5, R6, and R11 are H, B1 is N, and G is as defined in Table A.
EXAMPLES
The Examples which follow serve to illustrate the invention and are not meant in any way to limit the invention. The compounds of the invention can be distinguished from known compounds by virtue of greater efficacy at low application rates, which can be verified by a person skilled in the art using the experimental procedures outlined in the Examples, using lower application rates, if necessary, for example 60 ppm, 20 ppm or 2 ppm.
Compounds of formula (I) may possess any number of benefits including, inter alia, advantageous levels of biological activity for protecting plants against diseases that are caused by fungi or superior properties for use as agrochemical active ingredients (for example, greater biological activity, an advantageous spectrum of activity, an increased safety profile (including improved crop tolerance), improved physico-chemical properties, or increased biodegradability).
Throughout this description, temperatures are given in degrees Celsius and “m.p.” means melting point. LC/MS means Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy and the description of the apparatus, and the methods is as follows.
1H NMR and 19F NMR measurements were recorded on a Bruker 400MHz spectrometer, chemical shifts are given in ppm relevant to a TMS (1H) and CFCI3 (19F) standard. Spectra measured in deuterated solvents as indicated. Either one of the LCMS methods below was used to characterize the compounds. The characteristic LCMS values obtained for each compound were the retention time (“Rt”, recorded in minutes) and the measured molecular ion (M+H)+ or (M-H)-.
The following LC-MS methods were used for the analysis of the compounds:
Method A(LC-MS): Spectra were recorded on a Mass Spectrometer from Waters (SQD2 or QDA Single quadrupole mass spectrometer) equipped with an electrospray source (Polarity: Positive and Negative Polarity Switch), Capillary: 0.8-3.00 kV, Cone range: 25 Source Temperature: 120-150°C, Desolvation Temperature: 500-600°C, Cone Gas Flow: 50 L/h, Desolvation Gas Flow: 1000 L/h, Mass range: 110 to 850 Da) and an Acquity UPLC from Waters: Quaternary solvent manager, heated column compartment, diode-array detector. Column: Acquity UPLC HSS T3 C18, 1.8 pm, 30 x 2.1 mm, Temp: 40 °C, DAD Wavelength range (nm): 200 to 400, Solvent Gradient: A = water+ 5% Acetonitrile + 0.1 % HCOOH, B= Acetonitrile + 0.05 % HCOOH: gradient: 0 min 10% B; 0-0.2 min 10-50% B; 0.2-0.6 min 50-100% B; 0.6-1 .3 min 100% B; 1.3-1 .4 min 100-10% B; 1.4- 1.6 min 10% B; Flow (mL/min) 0.6.
Method B(LC-MS): Spectra were recorded on a Mass Spectrometer from Waters (Acquity QDa Mass Spectrometer) equipped with an electrospray source (Polarity: Positive and Negative Polarity Switch), Capillary: 0.8 kV, Cone range: 25 V, Extractor: V (No extractor voltage for QDa detector) Source Temperature: 120°C, Desolvation Temperature: 600°C, Cone Gas Flow: 50 L/h, Desolvation Gas Flow: 1000 L/h, Mass range: 110 to 850 Da) and an Acquity UPLC from Waters: Quaternary solvent manager, heated column compartment, diode-array detector. Column: Acquity UPLC HSS T3 C18, 1.8 pm, 30 x 2.1 mm, Temp: 40 °C, DAD Wavelength range (nm): 200 to 400, Solvent Gradient: A = water + 5% Acetonitrile + 0.1 % HCOOH, B= Acetonitrile + 0.05 % HCOOH: gradient: 0 min 10% B; 0-0.2 min 10-50% B; 0.2-0.6 min 50-100% B; 0.6-1 .3 min 100% B; 1 .3-1 .4 min 100-10% B; 1 .4-1 .6 min 10% B; Flow (mL/min) 0.6. Method C (LC-MS): Spectra were recorded on a Mass Spectrometer from Agilent Technologies (6410 Triple Quadrupole mass spectrometer) equipped with an electrospray source (Polarity: positive or negative ions, MS2 Scan, Capillary: 4.00 kV, Fragmentor: 100 V, Desolvation Temperature: 350°C, Gas Flow: 11 L/min, Nebulizer Gas: 45 psi, Mass range: 110 to 1000 Da) and a 1200 Series HPLC from Agilent: quaternary pump, heated column compartment and VWD detector. Column: KINETEX EVO C18, 2.6 pm, 50 x 4.6 mm, Temp: 40 °C, Detector VWD Wavelength: 254 nm, Solvent Gradient: A = water + 5% Acetonitrile + 0.1 % HCOOH, B= Acetonitrile + 0.1 % HCOOH: gradient: 0 min 10% B, 90%A; 0.9-1 .8 min 100% B; 1.8-2.2 min 100-10% B; 2.2- 2.5 min 10%B; Flow (mL/min) 1.8.
Method D (LC-MS): Spectra were recorded on a Mass Spectrometer from Agilent Technologies (MSD-IQ mass spectrometer) equipped with an electrospray source (Polarity: positive or negative ions, MS2 Scan, Capillary: 3.5 kV, Fragmentor: 110 V, Desolvation Temperature: 325°C, Gas Flow: 13 L/min, Nebulizer Gas: 55 psi, Mass range: 110 to 850 Da) and a 1290 Series HPLC from Agilent: quaternary pump, heated column compartment and diode-array detector. Column: AGILENT POROSHELL 120 EC-C18, 1 .9 pm, 50 x 2.1 mm, Temp: 40 °C, DAD Wavelength range (nm): 190 to 400, Solvent Gradient: A = water + 5% Acetonitrile + 0.1 % HCOOH, B= Acetonitrile + 0.1 % HCOOH: gradient: 0-0.5 min 10% B, 90%A; 1.2-1 .5 min 95% B, 5% A; 1.8-2.5 min 10% B, 90% A; Flow (mL/min) 0.8
FORMULATION EXAMPLES
Wettable powders a) b) c) active ingredients 25 % 50 % 75 % sodium lignosulfonate 5 % 5 % - sodium lauryl sulfate 3 % - 5 % sodium diisobutylnaphthalenesulfonate 6 % 10 % phenol polyethylene glycol ether (7-8 mol ethylene oxide) - 2 % - highly dispersed silicic acid 5 % 10 % 10 %
Kaolin 62 % 27 % -
The combination is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording wettable powders that can be diluted with water to give suspensions of the desired concentration.
Powders for dry seed treatment a) b) c) active ingredients 25 % 50 % 75 % light mineral oil 5 % 5 % 5 % highly dispersed silicic acid 5 % 5 % Kaolin 65 % 40 % -
Talcum 20 %
The combination is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording powders that can be used directly for seed treatment.
Emulsifiable concentrate active ingredients 10 % octylphenol polyethylene glycol ether (4-5 mol of ethylene oxide) 3 % calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 3 % castor oil polyglycol ether (35 mol of ethylene oxide) 4 %
Cyclohexanone 30 % xylene mixture 50 %
Emulsions of any required dilution, which can be used in plant protection, can be obtained from this concentrate by dilution with water.
Dusts a) b) c)
Active ingredients 5 % 6 % 4 %
Talcum 95 % -
Kaolin 94 % - mineral filler 96 %
Ready-for-use dusts are obtained by mixing the combination with the carrier and grinding the mixture in a suitable mill. Such dusts can also be used for dry dressings for seed.
Extruder granules
Active ingredients 15 % sodium lignosulfonate 2 % carboxymethylcellulose 1 %
Kaolin 82 %
The combination is mixed and ground with the adjuvants, and the mixture is moistened with water. The mixture is extruded and then dried in a stream of air.
Coated granules
Active ingredients 8% polyethylene glycol (mol. wt. 200) 3 %
Kaolin 89 %
The finely ground combination is uniformly applied, in a mixer, to the kaolin moistened with polyethylene glycol.
Non-dusty coated granules are obtained in this manner.
Suspension concentrate active ingredients 40 % propylene glycol 10 % nonylphenol polyethylene glycol ether (15 mol of ethylene oxide) 6 %
Sodium lignosulfonate 10 % carboxymethylcellulose 1 % silicone oil (in the form of a 75 % emulsion in water) 1 %
Water 32 % The finely ground combination is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water. Using such dilutions, living plants as well as plant propagation material can be treated and protected against infestation by microorganisms, by spraying, pouring or immersion.
Flowable concentrate for seed treatment active ingredients 40 % propylene glycol 5 % copolymer butanol PO/EO 2 %
Tristyrenephenole with 10-20 moles EO 2 %
1 ,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (in the form of a 20% solution in water) 0.5 % monoazo-pigment calcium salt 5 %
Silicone oil (in the form of a 75 % emulsion in water) 0.2 %
Water 45.3 %
The finely ground combination is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a flowable concentrate from which solutions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water, that can be used directly for seed treatment. Using such dilutions, living plants as well as plant propagation material can be treated and protected against infestation by microorganisms, by spraying, pouring or immersion.
Slow Release Capsule Suspension
28 parts of the combination are mixed with 2 parts of an aromatic solvent and 7 parts of toluene diisocyanate/polymethylene-polyphenylisocyanate-mixture (8:1). This mixture is emulsified in a mixture of 1.2 parts of polyvinylalcohol, 0.05 parts of a defoamer and 51 .6 parts of water until the desired particle size is achieved. To this emulsion a mixture of 2.8 parts 1 ,6-diaminohexane in 5.3 parts of water is added. The mixture is agitated until the polymerization reaction is completed. The obtained capsule suspension is stabilized by adding 0.25 parts of a thickener and 3 parts of a dispersing agent. The capsule suspension formulation contains 28% of the active ingredients. The medium capsule diameter is 8-15 microns. The resulting formulation is applied to seeds as an aqueous suspension in an apparatus suitable for that purpose.
Formulation types include an emulsion concentrate (EC), a suspension concentrate (SC), a suspo-emulsion (SE), a capsule suspension (CS), a water dispersible granule (WG), an emulsifiable granule (EG), an emulsion, water in oil (EO), an emulsion, oil in water (EW), a micro-emulsion (ME), an oil dispersion (OD), an oil miscible flowable (OF), an oil miscible liquid (OL), a soluble concentrate (SL), an ultra-low volume suspension (SU), an ultra-low volume liquid (UL), a technical concentrate (TK), a dispersible concentrate (DC), a wettable powder (WP), a soluble granule (SG) or any technically feasible formulation in combination with agriculturally acceptable adjuvants.
ABBREVIATIONS
CDCb deuterated chloroform
DABCO 1 ,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, also known as triethylenediamine or TEDA DCC dicyclohexyl carbodiimide
DCM dichloromethane (methylene chloride or methylene dichloride)
DMF dimethylformamide
DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
DMSO-d6 deuterated Dimethyl sulfoxide
EtOAc ethyl acetate
HATU 1-[bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1 H-1 ,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium-3-oxide-hexafluoro phosphate
HCI hydrochloric acid h/hrs hour/hours
LC-MS Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS or LCMS) rh relative humidity rt room temperature (rt or RT)
Rt retention time ssp. subspecies
T3P propanephosphonic acid anhydride, also called 2,4,6-tripropyl-1 , 3, 5, 2,4,6- trioxatriphosphorinane-2,4,6-trioxide
TBME te/Y-butyl-methyl-ether
TEA triethylamine (EtsN)
THF tetrahydrofuran
PREPARATION EXAMPLES
The compounds of formula (I) according to the invention may be prepared using the synthetic techniques described both above and below.
“Mp” means melting point in °C. Free radicals represent methyl groups. 1H NMR and 19F NMR measurements were recorded on a Bruker 400MHz spectrometer (or 600MHz as indicated), chemical shifts are given in ppm relevant to a TMS (1H) and CFCI3 (19F) standard. Spectra measured in deuterated solvents as indicated. Either one of the LC-MS methods below was used to characterize the compounds. The characteristic LCMS values obtained for each compound were the retention time (“Rt”, recorded in minutes) and the measured molecular ion (M+H)+ or (M-H)’.
Example P1 : Preparation of A/-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl1-5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-
1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxamide (compound P-3, Table P)
Figure imgf000083_0001
Compound P-3, Table P
Step 1 : Preparation of 2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propanenitrile
Figure imgf000083_0002
To a solution of 2-(1-Methyl-1 H-Pyrazol-4-YI)acetonitrile (1.5 g, 11.8 mmol) in THF (35 mL) was added /V- butyllithium (5.9 mL, 11.8 mmol, 2.5 M in hexane) under argon at -78°C, and the resulting pale-yellow suspension was stirred at this temperature for 25 min and then iodomethane (0.73 mL, 11 .8 mmol) was added. The resulting yellow reaction mixture was stirred at -78°C for 5 min, allowed to warm to rt and stirred for a further 30 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc (x3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to afford 2-(1- methylpyrazol-4-yl)propanenitrile. The crude reaction product was used as such for the next step.
Step 2: Preparation of 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propanenitrile
Figure imgf000083_0003
To a solution of 2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propanenitrile (1.59 g, 11.8 mmol) in THF (35 mL) was added N- butyllithium (5.9 mL, 11 .8 mmol, 2.5 M in hexane) under argon at -78°C. . The resulting pale green suspension was stirred at this temperature for 10 min and then 2,6-dichloropyridine (1 .77 g, 11 .8 mmol) added slowly. The resulting green suspension was stirred at -78°C for 5 min, allowed to warm to rt and stirred for a further 10 min under argon The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc (x3) The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant crude residue was purified by Flash chromatography eluting with EtOAc/cyclohexane to afford 2-(6- chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propanenitrile as a pale-yellow oil.
LCMS (Method A): retention time 1.04 min, m/z 247 (M+H)
Step 3: Preparation of 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propan-1 -amine
Figure imgf000084_0001
A sample of 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propanenitrile (1.00 g, 4.05 mmol) dissolved in THF(12 mL) was treated dropwise with borane dimethylsulfide complex (1 .15 mL, 12.2 mmol) at rt under argon. The resulting yellow solution was stirred for 3 hr at 65 °C and then cooled to 0°C. The orange solution was then carefully treated dropwise (strong gas evolution!) with cone. HCI (2.72 mL, 16.3 mmol).The reaction mixture was then stirred for 1 h at 50 °C, and then cooled again to rt and basified with NaOH 6N to pH 12. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (x3). The combined organic layers were washed once with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to afford 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4- yl)propan-1 -amine as a pale brown oil.
LCMS (Method B): retention time 0.26 min, m/z 251 (M+H)
Step 4: Preparation of tert-butyl /V-[(3,5-difluoropyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]carbamate
Figure imgf000084_0002
A solution of tert-butyl N-aminocarbamate (0.82 g, 6.26 mmol) in EtOAc (12 mL) was treated dropwise with a solution of 3,5-difluoropyridine-2-carbonyl chloride (1.17 g, 6.26 mmol) in EtOAc (12 mL) at rt under argon. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 1 hr upon which LCMS showed reaction completion. The reaction mixture was diluted with water, extracted with EtOAc (x3), and the combined organic layers dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to yield the title compound as a pale yellow solid.
LCMS (Method B): retention time 0.57 min, m/z 174 (M-99)
Step 5: Preparation of 3,5-difluoropyridine-2-carbohydrazide
Figure imgf000084_0003
A sample of tert-butyl N-[(3,5-difluoropyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]carbamate (1.7 g, 6.2 mmol) was dissolved in HCI/dioxane (16mL, 4 mol/L) and stirred at rt for 12 hr. After completion of the reaction (monitored by LCMS and TLC), the reaction mixture was quenched with sodium bicarbonate and extracted with EtOAc (x3). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to yield 3,5-difluoropyridine- 2-carbohydrazide as a pale yellow solid.
LCMS (Method B): retention time 0.16 min, m/z 174 (M+1) Step 6: Preparation of methyl 2-[2-(3,5-difluoropyridine-2-carbonyl)hydrazino]-2-oxo-acetate
Figure imgf000085_0001
A solution of 3,5-difluoropyridine-2-carbohydrazide (0.7 g, 4 mmol) and triethylamine (1 mL, 10 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (7 mL) was cooled to 0°C and treated dropwise with methyl oxalyl chloride (0.4 mL, 4 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 1 hr. The reaction mixture was then diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (x3). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated in vacuo to obtain methyl 2-[2-(3,5-difluoropyridine-2-carbonyl)hydrazino]-2-oxo-acetate.
LCMS (Method B): retention time 0.19 min, m/z 260 (M+1)
Step 7: Preparation of methyl 5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxylate
Figure imgf000085_0002
A solution of methyl 2-[2-(3,5-difluoropyridine-2-carbonyl)hydrazino]-2-oxo-acetate (0.5 g, 2 mmol) and phosphorus pentasulfide (0.1 mL, 1 mmol) in toluene (5 mL) was refluxed for 3 hr. The progress of the reaction was monitored by LCMS and upon completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with water and extracted with EtOAc (x3). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the crude product which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluting with 0-25% EtOAc in Cyclohexane) to obtain methyl 5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxylate.
LCMS (Method B): retention time 1.02 min, m/z 258 (M+1)
Step 8: Preparation of A/-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl1-5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-1 ,3,4- thiadiazole-2-carboxamide (compound P-3, Table P)
To a solution of methyl 5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxylate (0.05 g, 0.19 mmol) in toluene (1 mL), was added 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propan-1 -amine (0.058 g, 0.23 mmol), at 0°C. To this was added a solution of trimethylaluminum solution (2.0 mol/L) in toluene (0.29 mL, 0.58 mmol) and the mixture then heated to 70 °C. After the completion of the reaction (LCMS analysis) the reaction mixture was quenched slowly in ice cooled brine solution and the brine solution then extracted with EtOAc (x3). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was adsorbed onto silica and purified by normal phase column chromatography using (0-60% EtOAc in cyclohexane) to obtain the pure compound A/-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(3,5- difluoro-2-pyridyl)-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxamide as a white solid.
LCMS (Method B): retention time 1.15 min, m/z 476 (M+H) 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCb) 6 ppm 8.46 (d, J=2.25 Hz, 1 H), 8.30 (br t, J=6.32 Hz, 1 H), 7.59 (t, J=7.82 Hz, 1 H), 7.45 (ddd, J=9.72, 7.72, 2.31 Hz, 1 H), 7.33 (s, 1 H), 7.29 - 7.21 (m, 2 H), 7.14 - 7.10 (m, 1 H), 4.18 - 4.03 (m, 2 H), 3.87 (s, 3 H), 1 .74 (s, 3 H)
Example P2: Preparation of /V-[2-(6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(1 -methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-
1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxamide (Compound P-2, Table P)
Figure imgf000086_0001
Compound P-2, Table P
A solution of N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-1 ,3,4- thiadiazole-2-carboxamide (0.1 g, 0.21 mmol, prepared as described in example P1 , vide supra) and zinc cyanide (0.05 g, 0.42 mmol) in /V,/V-Dimethylformamide (1.05 mL) was de-gassed under nitrogen for 10 min. To this solution was added tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (24.5 mg, 0.021 mmol) and the resultant pale brown suspension was stirred in microwave at 120°C for 3 hr. The progress of the reaction was monitored by LCMS, and upon completion, the reaction mixture was cooled and diluted with ice cold water (20 mL). The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (x3) and the combined organic layers were then washed with brine, dried over sodium sulphate, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was absorbed on silica gel and purified by combiflash eluting with 0-80% EtOAc in cyclohexane to yield the product as a yellow gummy solid. The product was further purified by reverse phase column chromatography by using 0-70% acetonitrile in water to afford A/-[2-(6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-2- carboxamide as yellow gummy mass.
LCMS (Method B): retention time 1 .04 min, m/z 467 (M+H)
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCb) 6 ppm 8.46 (d, J=2.25 Hz, 1 H), 8.00 (br t, J=6.44 Hz, 1 H), 7.77 (t, J=7.85 Hz, 1 H), 7.63 (d, J=7.67 Hz, 1 H), 7.45-7.42 (m, 2 H), 7.30 - 7.31 (m, 1 H), 7.26 (d, J=0.75 Hz, 1 H), 4.25 - 4.05 (m, 2 H), 3.88 (s, 3 H), 1.76 (s, 3 H)
Example P3: Preparation of A/-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl1-5-(3,5-difluoro-2- pyridyDisoxazole-3-carboxamide (Compound P-1 , Table P)
Figure imgf000086_0002
Compound P-1 , Table P
Step 1 : Preparation of 3,5-difluoro-N-methoxy-N-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxamide
Figure imgf000087_0001
To a suspension of 3,5-difluoropyridine-2-carboxylic acid (10 g, 62.8 mmol) and N.O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (6.56 g, 66.0 mmol) in EtOAc (250 mL) was added 1 -propanephosphonic anhydride (74.8 mL, 125 mmol) followed by the /V,/V-diisopropylethylamine (33.0 mL, 188 mmol), at rt. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 18 hr where TLC analysis showed reaction completion. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (x3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulphate, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by combi flash chromatography to afford 3,5-difluoro-N-methoxy-N-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxamide as a brown liquid.
LCMS (Method B): retention time 0.60 min, m/z 203 (M+H)
Step 2: Preparation of 1-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)ethenone
Figure imgf000087_0002
A solution of methyl magnesium bromide (2M in THF,33 mL, 98.9 mmol) was added dropwise to 3,5-difluoro- N-methoxy-N-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (10 g, 49.4 mmol) in dry THF (150 mL) at -15 °C under nitrogen. The resulting pale brown suspension was allowed to warm to rt and stirred for 1 hr where LCMS and TLC analysis showed reaction completion. The reaction mixture was slowly quenched with concentrated hydrochloric acid (10.7 mL, 118 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (x3) and the organic layers combined, washed successively with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give 1-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl) ethanone as a brown liquid which was used without further purification.
LCMS (Method A): retention time 0.94 min, m/z 158.0 (M+H)
Step 3: Preparation of ethyl 5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-5-hydroxy-4H-isoxazole-3-carboxylate
Figure imgf000087_0003
To a solution of 1-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)ethanone (2.00 g, 12.09 mmol) and diethyl oxalate (9.22 mL, 66.5 mmol) in toluene (40 mL) was added potassium te/Y-butoxide (1.39 g, 12.1 mmol) at -78 °C. The cooling bath was removed, and the resulting suspension was allowed to warm to rt and stirred for 20 min. The reaction mixture was then cooled to -5 to 0°C and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (1.71 g, 24.2 mmol) and acetic acid (2.16 mL, 36.2 mmol) was added and the resulting reaction mixture stirred for 12 hr at rt. The reaction mixture was poured into water (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (x3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting crude residue containing ethyl 5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-5-hydroxy-4H-isoxazole-3-carboxylate was used as such for the next step.
LCMS (Method B): retention time 1.63 min, m/z 272 (M+)
Step 4: Preparation of ethyl 5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-3-carboxylate
Figure imgf000088_0001
To a solution of ethyl 5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-5-hydroxy-4H-isoxazole-3-carboxylate (12.8 g, 47.0 mmol) in toluene (256 mL) was added p-toluenesulfonic acid (8.52 g, 47.0 mmol) at rt, the reaction mixture heated to 90°C and stirred for 16 hrs. After completion of reaction, the mixture was cooled to 0°C and slowly quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 25 mL) and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by reverse phase column and again purified by normal phase to get ethyl 5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-3-carboxylate as a white solid.
LCMS (Method B): retention time 1 .88 min, m/z 255.0 (M+H)
Step 5: Preparation of 5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid
Figure imgf000088_0002
To a solution of ethyl 5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-3-carboxylate (4.95 g, 18.5 mmol) in THF (20 mL) and water (5 mL) was added lithium hydroxide hydrate (0.88 g, 37.0 mmol) at rt and the resulting reaction mixture stirred at rt for 2 hr. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with TBME. The aqueous layer was then acidified with 2N HCI. This led to precipitation of a solid, which was filtered over a Buchner funnel and dried under reduced pressure to yield 5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-3- carboxylic acid as off-white solid.
LCMS (Method B): retention time 0.31 min, m/z 227 (M+H)
Step 6: Preparation of A/-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl1-5-(3,5-difluoro-2- pyridyDisoxazole-3-carboxamide (Compound P-1 , Table P)
To a solution of 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propan-1 -amine (13.7 g, 53.6 mmol, prepared as described in example P1 ,v/cfe infra) and 5-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid (13.5 g, 53.6 mmol) in EtOAc (214 mL) was added /V,/V-diisopropylethylamine (28.1 mL, 161 mmol) and 1 - propanephosphomc anhydride (63.9 mL, 107 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt monitoring by TLC and LCMS. After reaction completion, the mixture was diluted with cold water and extracted with EtOAc (x3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (40 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by reverse phase combiflash using 0-70% acetonitrile in water as eluent to yield the product A/-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(3,5-difluoro- 2-pyridyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide as an off white solid.
LCMS (Method B): retention time 1.12 min, m/z 459 (M+H)
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCb) 6 ppm 8.52 (d, 1 H), 8.01 (t, 1 H), 7.61 -7.57 (t, 1 H), 7.43-7.39 (m,1 H), 7.33 (s, 1 H), 7.28-7.22 (m, 3 H), 7.12-7.10 (d, 1 H), 4.12-4.01 (m, 2 H), 3.88 (s, 3 H), 1.73 (s, 3 H)
19F NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) 6 ppm -114.22 (s, 1 F) -118.96 (s, 1 F)
Example P4: Preparation of /V-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1 -methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(2,6-difluoro-3-pyridyl)- 1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxamide (Compound P-7, Table P)
Figure imgf000089_0001
Compound P-7, Table P
Step 1 : Preparation of 2,6-difluoropyridine-3-carbonyl chloride
Figure imgf000089_0002
A sample of 2,6-difluoropyridine-3-carboxylic acid (10.0 g, 59.7 mmol) was dissolved in EtOAc (200 mL) and treated dropwise with oxalyl chloride (7.89 mL, 89.6 mmol). Catalytic dimethyl formamide (0.46 mL, 5.9 mmol) was added dropwise and the resulting reaction mixture was allowed to stir at rt for 1 hr. After the completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to obtain the crude title product, which was used as such without any further purification.
Step 2: Preparation of tert-butyl N-[(2,6-difluoropyridine-3-carbonyl)amino1carbamate
Figure imgf000089_0003
A solution of 2,6-difluoropyridine-3-carbonyl chloride (11 g, 58.8 mmol) in EtOAc (110 mL) was added dropwise under stirring to a solution of tert-butyl /V-aminocarbamate (7.78 g, 58.8 mmol) in EtOAc (80 mL) at rt. The resulting reaction mixture was allowed to stir at rt and then diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc (x3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulphate, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the crude title compound as a white solid which was used as such for the next step without any further purification.
LCMS (Method B): retention time 0.99 min, m/z 174 (M-100)
Step 3: Preparation of 2,6-difluoropyridine-3-carbohydrazide
Figure imgf000090_0001
A sample of te/Y-butyl N-[(2,6-difluoropyridine-3-carbonyl)amino]carbamate (8.9 g, 31 mmol) was dissolved in 4M hydrochloric acid in dioxane (77 mL, 310 mmol) under stirring and the resulting reaction mixture was allowed to stir at rt for 12 hr. After the completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc (x3) The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulphate, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the title compound as a pale-yellow solid which was used as such for the next step without any further purification.
LCMS (Method B): retention time 0.19 min, m/z 174 (M+H)
Step 4: Preparation of methyl 2-[2-(2,6-difluoropyridine-3-carbonyl)hydrazino]-2-oxo-acetate
Figure imgf000090_0002
A solution of 2,6-difluoropyridine-3-carbohydrazide (3.45 g, 18.9 mmol) and triethylamine (5.3 mL, 37.9 mmol) in DCM (35 mL) was cooled to 0°C, and treated dropwise with methyl oxalyl chloride (1.82 mL, 18.9 mmol). The progress ofthe reaction was monitored by LCMS and upon completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with 150 mL sat. sodium bicarbonate solution and extracted with EtOAc (2x100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed successively with water and brine, dried over sodium sulphate, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the title compound as a pale-yellow solid which was used as such for the next step without further purification.
LCMS (Method C): retention time 0.30 min, m/z 260 (M+H)
Step 5: Preparation of methyl 5-(2,6-difluoro-3-pyridyl)-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxylate
Figure imgf000090_0003
To a solution of methyl 2-[2-(2,6-difluoropyridine-3-carbonyl)hydrazino]-2-oxo-acetate (0.75 g, 2.31 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added Lawesson’s reagent (1.15 g, 2.78 mmol) and the reaction mixture was refluxed for 3 hr. The progress of the reaction was monitored by LCMS and upon completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulphate, and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography (eluting with 0-30% EtOAc in cyclohexane) to afford methyl 5-(2,6-difluoro-3-pyridyl)-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxylate as a pale-yellow solid.
LCMS (Method A): retention time 1.07 min, 258 (M+H)
Step 6: Preparation of /V-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(2,6-difluoro-3-pyridyl)-1 ,3,4- thiadiazole-2-carboxamide (Compound P-7, Table P)
To a solution of methyl 5-(2,6-difluoro-3-pyridyl)-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxylate (0.15 g, 0.55 mmol) and 2-(6- chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propan-1 -amine (0.17 g, 0.66 mmol, prepared as described in example P1 vide supra)'m toluene (3 mL) was added dropwise trimethylaluminum (2.0 mol/L) in toluene (0.83 mL, 1 .66 mmol) at 0 °C, The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 70°C for 2 hr. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was quenched slowly with ice cooled brine solution, and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was adsorbed onto silica and purified by normal phase column chromatography eluting with 0-50% EtOAc in cyclohexane to yield N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(2,6-difluoro-3- pyridyl)-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxamide as a pale brown solid.
LCMS (Method B): retention time 1.17 min, m/z 476 (M+H)
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCb) 6 ppm 8.92 - 9.00 (m, 1 H), 8.41 (br t, J=6.30 Hz, 1 H), 7.60 (t, J=7.65 Hz, 1 H), 7.32 (s, 1 H), 7.23 - 7.30 (m, 2 H), 7.12 (d, J=7.70 Hz, 1 H), 7.08 (dd, J=8.38, 2.63 Hz, 1 H), 4.04 - 4.18 (m, 2 H), 3.88 (s, 3 H), 1.74 (s, 3 H)
Example P5: Preparation of A/-[2-(6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(1 -methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl1-5-(2,6-difluoro-3-pyridyl)-
1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxamide (Compound P-6, Table P)
Figure imgf000091_0001
Compound P-6, Table P
To a solution of N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(2,6-difluoro-3-pyridyl)-1 ,3,4- thiadiazole-2-carboxamide (70 mg, 0.14 mmol) in 1 ,4-Dioxane (0.35 mL) and water (0.35 mL) was added potassium acetate (13.8 mg, 0.14 mmol) and potassium ferrocyanide (27 mg, 0.07 mmol) in a Microwave (MV) vial and the resultant reaction mixture degassed with nitrogen for 5 min. To this reaction mixture was added (2- Dicyclohexylphosphino-2',4',6'-triisopropyl-1 ,1 '-biphenyl)[2-(2'-amino-1 ,1 '-biphenyl)]palladium(ll) methanesulfonate (12.1 mg, 0.014 mmol), the MW vial was sealed and heated at 110 °C in a microwave for 2 hr. The solution was cooled to rt, quenched with water, and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by combiflash chromatography (silica gel), eluting with 10-20 % EtOAc in cyclohexane to afford N-[2- (6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-5-(2,6-difluoro-3-pyridyl)-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxamide as a pale-yellow solid.
LCMS (Method B): retention time 1.10 min, m/z 467 (M+H)
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCb) 6 ppm 8.92 - 8.99 (m, 1 H), 8.12 (br t, J=6.44 Hz, 1 H), 7.79 (t, J=7.88 Hz, 1 H), 7.64 (dd, J=7.57, 0.81 Hz, 1 H), 7.45 (dd, J=8.19, 0.81 Hz, 1 H), 7.25 - 7.30 (m, 2 H), 7.08 (dd, J=8.38, 2.75 Hz, 1 H), 4.08 - 4.23 (m, 2 H), 3.89 (s, 3 H), 1 .76 (s, 3 H)
Example P6: Preparation of /V-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1 -methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-3-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carboxamide (Compound P-18, Table P)
Figure imgf000092_0001
Compound P-18, Table P
Step 1 : Preparation of 3,5-difluoro-N'-hydroxy-pyridine-2-carboxamidine
Figure imgf000092_0002
To a suspension of 3,5-difluoropyridine-2-carbonitrile (10 g, 70.0 mmol) in methanol (10 mL/g, 100 mL), was added potassium carbonate (14.5 g, 105.0mmol) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (12.7 g, 175.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h. After completion of the reaction (monitored by LCMS and TLC), the reaction mixture was diluted with water (60 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SC>4 and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the crude product. This was purified by combi flash using 40-60% EtOAc in cyclohexane to afford 3,5-difluoro-N'-hydroxy-pyridine-2- carboxamidine as a solid.
LCMS (Method D): retention time 0.29 min, m/z 174 (M+H)
Step 2: Preparation of methyl 3-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carboxylate
Figure imgf000092_0003
To a solution of 3,5-difluoro-N'-hydroxy-pyridine-2-carboxamidine (0.1 g, 0.58 mmol) in acetonitrile (3.5 mL/mmol, 2.0 mL) and pyridine (0.14 mL, 1.73 mmol) was added methyl 2-chloro-2-oxo-acetate (0.11 g, 0.08 mL, 0.87 mmol) at 0°C under argon. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to rt, stirred for 30 min, and then stirred at 80°C for 2 h. After completion of the reaction (monitored by LCMS and TLC), the reaction mixture was diluted with water (50 mL) and saturated ammonium chloride, and extracted with DCM (3 x 80 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SC>4 and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the crude product. This was purified by combi flash using 30-40% EtOAc in cyclohexane to afford methyl 3-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carboxylate as a white solid.
LCMS (Method A): retention time 1.01 min, m/z 242 (M+H)
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCh) 6 ppm 8.61 (d, J=2.00 Hz, 1 H) 7.49 (t, J=8.44 Hz, 1 H) 4.13 (s, 3 H)
Step 3: Preparation of lithium;3-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carboxylate
Figure imgf000093_0001
To a solution of methyl 3-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carboxylate (0.5 g, 2.1 mmol) in THF and water (2:1 , 7.5 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (89 mg, 2.1 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h at rt. After completion of the reaction (monitored by LCMS) the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to afford lithium;3-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carboxylate.
LCMS (Method A): retention time 0.23 min, m/z 228 (M+H)
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-c/6) 6 ppm 8.72 - 8.78 (m, 1 H) 8.19 - 8.28 (m, 1 H)
Step 4: Preparation of A/-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propyl1-3-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazole-5-carboxamide (Compound P-18, Table P)
To a suspension of 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)propan-1 -amine (100 mg, 0.4mmol) and lithium;3-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carboxylate (0.44 mmol) in EtOAc (5 mL/mmol) was added N-ethyl-N-isopropyl-propan-2-amine (1 .6 mmol) and T3P (50 mass%) in EtOAc (1 .2 mmol, 50 mass%) at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to rt and stirred for 24 h, whereupon LCMS and TLC analysis showed reaction completion. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (20 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (2 x 25 ml). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the crude product. This was absorbed over Celite and purified by reverse phase combi flash by using CH3CN and water as an eluent to obtain the title product.
LCMS (Method A): rt=1 .06, m/z=460 (M+H)
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCh) 6 ppm 8.58 (d, J=2.38 Hz, 1 H) 8.46 (br s, 1 H) 7.60 (t, J=7.88 Hz, 1 H) 7.46 (ddd, J=9.60, 7.66, 2.38 Hz, 1 H) 7.24- 7.31 (dd, 2 H) 7.12 (d, J=7.38 Hz, 1 H) 4.03 - 4.15 (m, 2 H) 3.88 (s, 3 H) 1 .73 (s, 3 H) PREPARATION OF INTERMEDIATES
Using methods described in the above examples, the intermediates described vide infra can be used to produce further examples of compounds of formula (I)
Example 1-1 Preparation of 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-cyclopropyl-1-methyl-pyrazol-4-yl)propan-1 -amine
Figure imgf000094_0002
5-bromo-1-methyl-pyrazole (1.0 g, 6.1 mmol) was dissolved in toluene (20 mL) and /V,/V-dimethylformamide (4.0 mL). To this solution was added cyclopropylboronic acid (1.7 g, 19 mmol) and cesium carbonate (7.9 g, 24 mmol) and the reaction mixture was purged with nitrogen for 10 min. To this solution was added Pd(dppf)Cl2 ■ CH2CI2 (0.25 g, 0.30 mmol) and the resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 100°C for 6 hr. After completion of the reaction (monitored by LCMS and TLC), the reaction mixture was quenched with water (20 mL) and filtered over celite. The filtrate was extracted with EtOAc (2 X 30 mL) and the combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the crude 5-cyclopropyl-1-methyl-pyrazole which was used as such for the next step.
LCMS: (Method A): retention time 0.87 min, m/z 123 (M+H)
Step 2: Preparation of 4-bromo-5-cyclopropyl-1-methyl-pyrazole
Figure imgf000094_0001
To a stirred solution of 5-cyclopropyl-1-methyl-pyrazole (2 g, 14.7 mmol) in acetonitrile (80 mL) was added N- bromosuccinimide (2.94 g, 16.2 mmol) and the reaction mixture allowed to stir for 18 hr at rt. After completion of the reaction (monitored by LCMS and TLC), the reaction mixture was quenched with water, and the aqueous layer extracted with EtOAc (X3). The combined organic layers were washed successively with sodium thiosulphate, brine and then dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated in vacuo io obtain the crude product. The crude compound was purified by combi flash using 0-10% EtOAc in cyclohexane to afford the title compound. LCMS: (Method A): retention time 1.13 min, m/z 201 (M+H)
Step 3: Preparation of (6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-(5-cyclopropyl-1-methyl-pyrazol-4-yl)methanol
Figure imgf000095_0001
4-bromo-5-cyclopropyl-1-methyl-pyrazole (1.0 g, 4.7 mmol) was dissolved in THF (10 mL) under argon and cooled to -78°C. To this solution was added, dropwise, A/-butyl lithium (2.5 mol/L) in hexanes (2.4 mL, 1.6 g, 4.7 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at this temperature for 30 min and 6-chloropyridine-2- carbaldehyde (0.74 g, 5.2 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added dropwise at -78°C. After stirring at this temperature for 1 hr, the reaction mixture was allowed warm to rt and stirred for a further 1 hr. The reaction mixture was then cooled to 0°C, and then acidified with 2N hydrochloric acid. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3 x100 mL) and the combined organic layers dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by combi flash using 30-40% EtOAc in cyclohexane to afford (6-chloro-2-pyridyl)- (5-cyclopropyl-1-methyl-pyrazol-4-yl)methanol as a white solid.
LCMS: (Method A): retention time 1.10 min, m/z 264 (M+H)
Step 4: Preparation of 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-cyclopropyl-1 -methyl-pyrazol-4-yl)acetonitrile
Figure imgf000095_0002
To a solution of (6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-(5-cyclopropyl-1-methyl-pyrazol-4-yl)methanol (0.6 g, 2.28 mmol) in acetonitrile (22.8 mL) was added lithium carbonate (0.034 g, 0.45 mmol), trimethylsilyl cyanide (1.41 mL, 1.05 g, 10.2 mmol), and Iodine (1 .04 g, 4.10 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture was heated to 60 °C and stirred for 6 hr. After completion of the reaction (monitored by LCMS and TLC), the reaction mixture was cooled to rt and quenched with saturated sodium thiosulfate solution and extracted with EtOAc (3x100 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the crude as a pale brown residue. The crude compound was purified by combi flash using 5-40% EtOAc in cyclohexane to afford the title compound as a pale-yellow gummy mass.
LCMS: (Method A): retention time 1 .24 min, m/z 273 (M+H)
Step 5: Preparation of 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-cyclopropyl-1 -methyl-pyrazol-4-yl)propanenitrile
Figure imgf000096_0001
To a solution of 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-cyclopropyl-1 -methyl-pyrazol-4-yl)acetonitrile (0.10 g, 0.367 mmol) in THF (1.10 mL) under argon was added dropwise A/-butyl lithium (2.5 mol/L) in hexane (0.22 mL) at -78°C over a period of 15 min. The resulting pale-yellow suspension was stirred at this temperature for 25 min and the lodomethane (0.034 mL, 0.55 mmol) was added. The resulting yellow solution was stirred at -78°C for 15 min and then allowed to warm to at rt. After stirring for 2hr at rt, the reaction was shown to be complete (monitored by LCMS and TLC). The reaction mixture was then quenched with aqueous saturated ammonium chloride solution (20 mL), extracted with EtOAc (2X20mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the crude product as a brown oil. This was purified by combi flash chromatography, eluting with 30-40% EtOAc in cyclohexane to afford the title compound as a a pale yellow gum.
LCMS (Method A): retention time 1.25 min, m/z 287.1 (M+H)
Step 6: Preparation of 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-cvclopropyl-1-methyl-pyrazol-4-yl)ethanamine
To a solution of 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-cyclopropyl-1-methyl-pyrazol-4-yl)propanenitrile (0.040 g, 0.14 mmol) in THF (0.41 mL) was added dropwise borane dimethylsulfide complex (0.70 mL, 1 .40 mmol) at rt under a nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred for 6 h at 60 °C and then cooled to 0°C. To this reaction mixture was added dropwise (strong gas evolution!) cone. HCI (0.093 mL, 0.56 mmol), and the resulting reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hr at 60 °C. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt and basified with NaOH 6N to pH 12. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (x3) and the combined organic layers washed once with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound as a pale brown oil, which could be used to prepare compounds of formula (I) without further purification.
LCMS (Method A): retention time 0.92 min, m/z 291.1 (M+H)
Example I-4: Preparation of 2-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)oxazole-4-carboxylic acid
Figure imgf000096_0002
Step 1 : Preparation of ethyl 2-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)oxazole-4-carboxylate
Figure imgf000096_0003
A solution of ethyl oxazole-4-carboxylate (CAS [23012-14-8], 0.34 g, 2.44 mmol) and 2-bromo-3,5-difluoro- pyridine (CAS [660425-16-1], 0.5 g, 2.44 mmol) in 1 ,4-dioxane (3.5 mL) was stirred at rt. To this solution was added pivalic acid (0.0852 mL,0.73 mmol), potassium carbonate (0.70 g, 4.89 mmol), tri-te/Y- butylphosphoniumtetrafluoroborate (CAS [131274-22-1 ], 0.14 g, 0.48 mmol) and palladium^ I) acetate (0.056 g, 0.24 mmol) and the reaction mixture was warmed to 90°C and stirred at this temperature for 16 hr (monitored by LCMS and TLC). The reaction mixture was quenched with water (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 X 20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the crude compound. This was purified by combi flash using 0-50% EtOAc in cyclohexane as eluent to afford the title compound as brown gummy mass.
LCMS: (Method A): retention time 1 .00 min, m/z 255 (M+H)
Step 2: Preparation of 2-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)oxazole-4-carboxylic acid
To a solution of ethyl 2-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl)oxazole-4-carboxylate (0.2 g, 0.78 mmol) in THF (0.8 mL) and water (0.2 mL) was added lithium hydroxide (0.075 g, 3.14 mmol) and the resulting reaction mixture was stirred at rt. After completion of the reaction (monitored by LCMS and TLC), the reaction mixture was quenched with ice-cold water (20 mL) and extracted with TBME (2x20ml). The organic layer was discarded, and the aqueous layer was acidified with 2N HCI, and extracted with EtOAc (3x20ml). The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the title compound as an off-white solid.
LCMS: (Method A): retention time 0.41 min, m/z 227 (M+H)
Example I-3: Preparation of 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl)propan-1 -amine
Figure imgf000097_0001
Step 1 : Preparation of 5-chloro-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde
Figure imgf000097_0002
A solution of 2,5-dimethylpyrazol-3-ol (10 g, 44.6 mmol) and phosphorus(V) oxychloride (21 .2 mL) was stirred at 90°C for 1 h. After completion of the reaction (monitored by LCMS and TLC), the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue treated with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (until the pH was basic), The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (X3) and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the crude product. The crude product was purified by combi flash using 20-30% EtOAc in cyclohexane to obtain 5-chloro-1 ,3-dimethyl- pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde as a white solid. LCMS (Method D): retention time 1.0 min, m/z 159 (M+H)
Step 2: Preparation of 5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde
Figure imgf000098_0001
To a solution of 5-chloro-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde (8.3 g, 52 mmol) in methanol (83 mL), was added sodium methanolate (23 mL, 100 mmol) at rt under argon. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 60°C for 6h, whereupon LCMS and TLC showed reaction completion. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (50 mL) and saturated aqueous ammonium chloride and extracted with EtOAc (150 mL X3). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the crude product. This was purified by combi flash using 30-40% EtOAc in cyclohexane to afford the title compound as a white solid.
LCMS (Method A): retention time 0.34 min, m/z 155 (M+H)
Step 3: Preparation of 2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl)acetonitrile
Figure imgf000098_0002
To a solution of potassium tert-butoxide (11 g, 95 mmol) in 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane (130 mL) was added at -65°C tosyl-methyl isocyanide (11 g, 54 mmol.) in DME (5 mL) under argon. The reaction mixture was stirred at -65 to -60°C for about 1 to 2 hr. To this reaction mixture was added 5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazole-4- carbaldehyde (6.3 g, 39 mmol) in DME (5 mL) at -65 to -60°C over 1 hr, and stirred for 2h at this temperature (Note: thick mass observed). Methanol (4.1 mL) was added at -65°C to give clear solution. The reaction mixture was then heated to 80°C for 2 h. After completion of the reaction (monitored by LCMS and TLC), it was cooled to 0°C and quenched 5% acetic acid in water (until the pH became slightly acidic), stirred for 5 min, and then diluted with EtOAc (10 mL). Both aqueous and organic layers were separated, and the aqueous layer extracted with EtOAc (60 mL), The combined organic layers, were washed with brine solution (10 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude compound was purified by combi flash using 50-70% EtOAc in cyclohexane to afford the title compound as a brown liquid.
LCMS (Method D): retention time 0.74 min, m/z 166 (M+H)
Step 4: Preparation of 2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl) propanenitrile
Figure imgf000098_0003
To a solution of potassium te/Y-butoxide (83 mg, 0.72 mmol) and 2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4- yl)acetonitrile (100 mg, 0.60 mmol) in DMSO (1 mL) was added at rt iodomethane (0.042 mL, 0.66 mmol), and the reaction mixture was stirred under nitrogen for 30 min at rt. The reaction mixture was diluted with cold water (20 mL) and saturated aqueous ammonium chloride and extracted with EtOAc (40 mL X3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SC>4 and concentrated in vacuo. The crude compound was purified by combi flash using 50-60% EtOAc in cyclohexane to afford the title compound as a colorless liquid.
LCMS (Method D): retention time 1.31 min, m/z 180 (M+H)
Step 5: Preparation of 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl)propanenitrile
Figure imgf000099_0001
A solution of 2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl)propanenitrile (1.5 g, 6.7 mmol) in DMSO (15 mL) and potassium tert-butoxide (1 .2 g ,11 mmol) was stirred at rt for 10 min, and then 2,6-dichloropyridine (1 .1 g, 7.4 mmol) in DMSO (5 mL) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred under nitrogen at rt for 30 min After completion of the reaction (monitored by LCMS and TLC), the reaction mixture was diluted with cold water (20 mL) and saturated ammonium chloride and extracted with EtOAc (40 mL X3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by combi flash using 50-70% EtOAc in cyclohexane to afford the title compound as a yellow oil.
LCMS (Method A): retention time 1.06 min, m/z 291 (M+H)
Step 6: Preparation of 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl)propan-1 -amine
Figure imgf000099_0002
To a solution of 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl)propanenitrile (1.53 g, 4.21 mmol) in THF (12.6 mL) was added borane dimethylsulfide complex (21 mL, 42.1 mmol) at rt under nitrogen. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h at 70 °C. Upon completion, to the reaction mixture was added dropwise 6 N HCI (0.95 mL, 5.75 mmol, strong gas evolution!) and stirred at 60°C for 1 h. After allowing it to cool to rt, it was basified with 6N NaOH to pH 12 and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL) X3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo, This afforded the title compound as yellow oil, which was used without further purification in the next steps. LCMS (Method A): retention time 0.13 min, m/z 295 (M+H).
Those skilled in the art will realize that omitting of step 4 allows the following compounds to be prepared, namely:
Figure imgf000100_0001
Example I-4: Preparation of [2-(6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4- yl)propyl]ammonium;chloride
Figure imgf000100_0002
Step 1 : Preparation of tert-butyl N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4- yl)propyl]carbamate
Figure imgf000100_0003
To a solution of 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl)propan-1-amine (1.5 g, 4.3 mmol) in THF (23 mL,) in water (15 mL) was added at 0 °C sodium hydrogen carbonate (1 .7 g, 19 mmol.) and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (1.1 mL, 4.3 mmol). The resultant reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h, quenched with water and extracted with EtOAc (X3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the crude product. This was purified by combi flash using 60-80% EtOAc in cyclohexane to afford the title compound as a yellow oil.
LCMS (Method A): retention time 1.11 min, m/z 395 (M+H)
Step 2: Preparation of tert-butyl N-[2-(6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4- yDpropyllcarbamate
Figure imgf000101_0001
To a solution of tert-butyl N-[2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl)propyl]carbamate (1 .4 g, 3.2 mmol) in toluene (7.0 mL) and water (7.0 mL) was added at rt potassium acetate (0.89 g, 8.9 mmol) and potassium ferrocyanide (4.9 g, 13 mmol). The reaction mixture was degassed under nitrogen for 10 min. To this reaction mixture was added (2-Dicyclohexylphosphino-2’,4’,6’-triisopropyl-1 ,T-biphenyl)[2-(2’-amino- 1 ,T-biphenyl)]palladium(ll) methanesulfonate (1 .4 g, 1 .6 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred for 4 h at 90°C. The reaction mixture was quenched with water, extracted with EtOAc (X3), and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SC>4 and concentrated in vacuo, to obtain the crude product. This was purified by combi flash using 80% EtOAc in cyclohexane to afford the title compound as brown oil.
LCMS (Method D): retention time 1.76 min, m/z 386 (M+H)
Step 3: Preparation of [2-(6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4- yl)propyl1ammonium;chloride
To a solution of tert-butyl N-[2-(6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl)propyl]carbamate (320 mg, 0.74 mmol) in diethyl ether (3.2 mL) was added 2 M HCI in diethyl ether (1 .5 mL, 3 mmol) at 0°C. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to rt and stirred for 6 h at rt. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo at 30°C to afford the title compound as a yellow solid.
LCMS (Method A): retention time 0.39 min, m/z 286 (M+H)
Example I-5: Preparation of [2-(6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4- yl)ethyl1ammonium;chloride (Similarly procedure as for 2-(6-cyano-2-pyridyl)-2-(5-methoxy-1 ,3-dimethyl- pyrazol-4-yl)propyl1ammonium;chloride)
Figure imgf000101_0002
LCMS (Method A): retention time 0.20 min, m/z 272 (M+H)
Example 1-6: Preparation of 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-[5-(methoxymethyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl1ethanamine
Figure imgf000102_0001
Step 1 : Preparation of (2,5-dimethylpyrazol-3-yl)methanol
H3C^>NX^CH3
HO
To a solution of ethyl 2,5-dimethylpyrazole-3-carboxylate (0.2 g, 1 mmol) in ethanol (2 mL), was added sodium borohydride (0.2 g, 57 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 h at 60°C. After completion of the reaction (monitored by LCMS and TLC), the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated ammonium chloride solution and extracted with EtOAc (x3). The combined organic layers were washed successively with water and brine, dried over Na2SC>4, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the title compound.
LCMS (Method A): retention time 0.37 min, m/z 127 (M+H)
Step 2: Preparation of 5-(methoxymethyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazole
Figure imgf000102_0002
To a solution of (2,5-dimethylpyrazol-3-yl)methanol (0.6 g, 4.75 mmol) in THF (6 mL) at 0 °C, was added sodium hydride (0.20 g 5.23 mmol) and stirred for 30 min, and then lodomethane (0.32 mL 5.23 mmol) was added and the resulting reaction mixture allowed to warm to rt and stirred for 3 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with 2N HCI (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2 x 30 ml). The combined organic layers were washed with cold water, brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the title compound.
LCMS (Method A): retention time 0.94 min, m/z 141 (M+H)
Step 3: Preparation of 5-(methoxymethyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde
Figure imgf000102_0003
To a solution of 5-(methoxymethyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazole (0.7 g, 5 mmol) in DMF (3 mL, 40 mmol) was added phosphorus oxychloride (2 mL, 20 mmol) at 0°C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 6h at 80°C (monitoring by LCMS). After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was slowly poured onto crushed ice and a 6N NaOH solution was added until pH was 12. The resulting reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 30 mL), and the combined organic layers washed successively with water and brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuo. The title product was obtained as brown solid.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCb) 6 ppm 9.96 (s, 1 H) 4.75 (s, 2 H) 3.85 (s, 3 H) 3.38 (s, 3 H) 2.45 (s, 3 H)
Step 4: Preparation of 2-[5-(methoxymethyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl]acetonitrile
Figure imgf000103_0001
Carried out analogously to Example I-3, step 3.
LCMS (Method A): retention time 0.20 min, m/z 180 (M+H)
1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCb) 6 ppm 4.47 (s, 2 H) 3.82 (s, 3 H) 3.52 (s, 2 H) 3.39 (s, 3 H) 2.27 (s, 3 H)
Step 5: Preparation of 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-[5-(methoxymethyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl]acetonitrile
Figure imgf000103_0002
Carried out analogously to Example I-3, step 5.
LCMS (Method A): retention time 1 .01 min, m/z 291 (M+H)
1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCb) 6 ppm 7.66 (t, 1 H) 7.24 - 7.32 (m, 2 H) 5.27 (s, 1 H) 4.49 - 4.61 (m, 2 H) 3.83 (s,
3 H) 3.36 (s, 3 H) 2.23 (s, 3 H)
Step 6: Preparation of 2-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2-[5-(methoxymethyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-4-yl1ethanamine
Figure imgf000103_0003
Carried out analogously to Example I-3 Step 6
LCMS (Method A): Retention time: 0.39 min, m/z 295(M+H) Examples of synthesized compounds of formula (I) are shown in Table P.
Table P: Synthesized compounds and Spectral and Physical Chemical Data
Figure imgf000104_0001
Figure imgf000105_0001
Figure imgf000106_0001
Figure imgf000107_0001
Figure imgf000108_0001
Figure imgf000109_0001
Figure imgf000110_0001
BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLES
Example B-1 : Alternaria solani / tomato / leaf disc (early blight)
Tomato leaf disks cv. Baby are placed on agar in multiwell plates (24-well format) and sprayed with the formulated test compound diluted in water. The leaf disks are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus
2 days after application. The inoculated leaf disks are incubated at 23 °C / 21 °C (day/night) and 80% rh under a light regime of 12/12 h (light/dark) in a climate cabinet and the activity of a compound is assessed as percent disease control compared to untreated when an appropriate level of disease damage appears on untreated check disk leaf disks (5 - 7 days after application). The following compounds gave at least 80% control of Alternaria solani at 200 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development: P-5, P-9, P-10, P-12, P-13, P-14, P-15, P-16, P-17, P-18, P-20, P-22, P-23, P-24, P-25, P-26, P-27, P-28, P-39, P-42, P-43, and P-45
Example B-2: Botryotinia fuckeliana (Botrytis cinerea) / liquid culture (Gray mould) Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly mixed into nutrient broth (Vogels broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format), the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24 °C and the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically 3 to 4 days after application.
The following compounds gave at least 80% control of Botryotinia fuckeliana at 20 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development: P-1 , P-2, P-3, P- 4, P-5, P-7, P-8, P-9, P-10, P-12, P-13, P-14, P-15, P-16, P-17, P-18, P-23, P-24, P-25, P-26, P-38, and P-39
Example B-3: Glomerella lagenarium (Colletotrichum lagenarium) / liquid culture (Anthracnose)
Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format), the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24 °C and the inhibition of growth is measured photometrically 3 to 4 days after application.
The following compounds gave at least 80% control of Glomerella lagenarium at 20 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development: P-1 , P-2, P-3, P-
4, P-5, P-7, P-8, P-9, P-10, P-11 , P-12, P-13, P-14, P-15, P-16, P-17, P-18, P-23, P-24, P-38, and P-39
Example B-4: Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici) / wheat / leaf disc preventative (Powdery mildew on wheat)
Wheat leaf segments cv. Kanzler are placed on agar in a multiwell plate (24-well format) and sprayed with the formulated test compound diluted in water. The leaf disks are inoculated by shaking powdery mildew infected plants above the test plates 1 day after application. The inoculated leaf disks are incubated at 20 °C and 60% rh under a light regime of 24 h darkness followed by 12 h light / 12 h darkness in a climate chamber and the activity of a compound is assessed as percent disease control compared to untreated when an appropriate level of disease damage appears on untreated check leaf segments (6 - 8 days after application).
The following compounds gave at least 80% control of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici at 200 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development: P- 1 , P-2, P-3, P-9, P-10, P-11 , P-12, P-13, P-14, P-15, P-16, P-17, P-18, P-22, P-23, P-24, P-25, P-26, P-27, P- 28, P-29, P-35, P-38, P-39, P-40, P-41 , and P-43
Example B-5: Fusarium culmorum / liquid culture (Head blight)
Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format), the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24 °C and the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically 3 to 4 days after application.
The following compounds gave at least 80% control of Fusarium culmorum at 20 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development: P-1 , P-3, P-4, P-
5, P-8, P-9, P-10, P-12, P-13, P-16, P-17, P-18, P-23, and P-26
Example B-6: Fusarium / wheat / spikelet preventative (Head blight)
Figure imgf000111_0001
Wheat spikelets cv. Monsun are placed on agar in multiwell plates (24-well format) and sprayed with the formulated test compound diluted in water. The spikelets are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus
1 day after application. The inoculated spikelets are incubated at 20 °C and 60% rh under a light regime of 72 h semi darkness followed by 12 h light / 12 h darkness in a climate chamber and the activity of a compound is assessed as percent disease control compared to untreated when an appropriate level of disease damage appears on untreated check spikelets (6 - 8 days after application).
The following compounds gave at least 80% control of Fusarium culmorum at 200 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development: P-3, P-9, P-13, P-18, and P-23
Example B-7: Gibberella zeae (Fusarium graminearum) / wheat / spikelet preventative (Head blight)
Wheat spikelets cv. Monsun are placed on agar in multiwell plates (24-well format) and sprayed with the formulated test compound diluted in water. One day after application, the spikelets are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus. The inoculated test leaf disks are incubated at 20 °C and 60% rh under a light regime of 72 h semi darkness followed by 12 h light / 12 h darkness in a climate chamber, the activity of a compound is assessed as percent disease control compared to untreated when an appropriate level of disease damage appears on untreated check spikelets (6 - 8 days after application).
The following compounds gave at least 80% control of Gibberella zeae at 200 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development: P-1 , P-9, P-13, P-18, and P-23
Example B-8: Phaeosphaeria nodorum (Septoria nodorum) / wheat / leaf disc preventative (Glume blotch) Wheat leaf segments cv. Kanzler are placed on agar in a multiwell plate (24-well format) and sprayed with the formulated test compound diluted in water. The leaf disks are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus
2 days after application. The inoculated test leaf disks are incubated at 20 °C and 75% rh under a light regime of 12 h light / 12 h darkness in a climate cabinet and the activity of a compound is assessed as percent disease control compared to untreated when an appropriate level of disease damage appears in untreated check leaf disks (5 - 7 days after application).
The following compounds gave at least 80% control of Phaeosphaeria nodorum at 200 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development: P-3, P-4, P-5, P-8, P-9, P-10, P-13, P-14, P-15, P-16, P-17, P-18, P-20, P-23, P-24, P-25, P-26, P-27, P-28, P-35, P-38, P- 39, and P-45
Example B-9: Monoqraphella nivalis (Microdochium nivale) / liquid culture (foot rot cereals)
Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format), the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24 °C and the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically 4 to 5 days after application. The following compounds gave at least 80% control of Monographella nivalis at 20 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development: P-1 , P-3, P-4, P- 5, P-7, P-8, P-9, P-10, P-12, P-13, P-14, P-16, P-17, P-18, P-20, P-23, P-24, P-25, P-26, and P-39
Example B-10: Mycosphaerella arachidis (Cercospora arachidicola) / liquid culture (early leaf spot)
Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format), the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24 °C and the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically 4 to 5 days after application.
The following compounds gave at least 80% control of Mycosphaerella arachidis at 20 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development: P-1 , P-3, P-4, P- 5, P-6, P-7, P-8, P-9, P-10, P-13, P-15, P-16, P-17, P-18, P-19, P-20, P-23, P-24, P-25, P-26, P-28, P-35, P- 38, and P-39
Example B-11 : Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici / wheat / leaf disc curative (Brown rust)
Wheat leaf segments cv. Kanzler are placed on agar in multiwell plates (24-well format). The leaf segments are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus. Plates are stored in darkness at 19 °C and 75% rh. The formulated test compound diluted in water is applied 1 day after inoculation. The leaf segments are incubated at 19 °C and 75% rh under a light regime of 12 h light / 12 h darkness in a climate cabinet and the activity of a compound is assessed as percent disease control compared to untreated when an appropriate level of disease damage appears in untreated check leaf segments (6 - 8 days after application).
The following compounds gave at least 80% control of Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici at 200 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development: P- 26
Example B-12: Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici / wheat / leaf disc preventative (Brown rust)
Wheat leaf segments cv. Kanzler are placed on agar in multiwell plates (24-well format) and sprayed with the formulated test compound diluted in water. The leaf disks are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus 1 day after application. The inoculated leaf segments are incubated at 19 °C and 75% rh under a light regime of 12 h light / 12 h darkness in a climate cabinet and the activity of a compound is assessed as percent disease control compared to untreated when an appropriate level of disease damage appears in untreated check leaf segments (7 - 9 days after application).
The following compounds gave at least 80% control of Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici at 200 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development: P- 26
Example B-13: Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae) / liquid culture (Rice Blast)
Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth).
After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format), the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24 °C and the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically 3 to 4 days after application.
The following compounds gave at least 80% control of Magnaporthe grisea at 20 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development: P-4, P-5, P-13, P-14, P-16, P-17, P-18, P-23, P-24, P-25, P-26, P-28, and P-39
Example B-14: Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae) / rice / leaf disc preventative (Rice Blast)
Rice leaf segments cv. Ballila are placed on agar in a multiwell plate (24-well format) and sprayed with the formulated test compound diluted in water. The leaf segments are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus 2 days after application. The inoculated leaf segments are incubated at 22 °C and 80% rh under a light regime of 24 h darkness followed by 12 h light / 12 h darkness in a climate cabinet and the activity of a compound is assessed as percent disease control compared to untreated when an appropriate level of disease damage appears in untreated check leaf segments (5 - 7 days after application).
The following compounds gave at least 80% control of Magnaporthe grisea at 200 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development: P-26
Example B-15: Pyrenophora teres / barley / leaf disc preventative (Net blotch)
Barley leaf segments cv. Hasso are placed on agar in a multiwell plate (24-well format) and sprayed with the formulated test compound diluted in water. The leaf segments are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus 2 days after application. The inoculated leaf segments are incubated at 20 °C and 65% rh under a light regime of 12 h light / 12 h darkness in a climate cabinet and the activity of a compound is assessed as disease control compared to untreated when an appropriate level of disease damage appears in untreated check leaf segments (5 - 7 days after application).
The following compounds gave at least 80% control of Pyrenophora teres at 200 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development: P-2, P-3, P-9, P- 10, P-12, P-13, P-14, P-15, P-16, P-17, P-18, P-19, P-20, P-22, P-23, P-24, P-25, P-26, P-27, P-28, P-35, P- 38, P-39, P-40, P-41 , P-42, P-43, and P-45
Example B-16: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum / liquid culture (cottony rot)
Mycelia fragments of a newly grown liquid culture of the fungus are directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format) the nutrient broth containing the fungal material is added. The test plates are incubated at 24 °C and the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically 3-4 days after application.
The following compounds gave at least 80% control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at 20 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development: P-1 , P-3, P-5, P- 13, P-18, P-23, and P-24
Example B-17: Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici) / liquid culture (Septoria blotch) Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format), the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24 °C and the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically 4-5 days after application. The following compounds gave at least 80% control of Mycosphaerella graminicola at 20 ppm when compared to untreated control under the same conditions, which showed extensive disease development: P-1 , P-2, P-3, P-4, P-5, P-6, P-7, P-8, P-9, P-10, P-11 , P-12, P-13, P-14, P-15, P-16, P-17, P-18, P-19, P-20, P-21 , P-22, P- 23, P-24, P-25, P-26, P-27, P-28, P-35, P-38, P-39, P-40, P-41 , P-42, P-43, and P-45

Claims

1 . A compound of formula (I)
Figure imgf000116_0001
wherein
R1 is selected from hydrogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, or Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl;
R2 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy, C2-C4-alkenyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, C1-C4- haloalkyl, Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl, Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C4-alkyoxy, Ci-C2-alkyl-Ci-C4-alkyoxy-Ci-C2-alkyoxy, C1- C4-alkylcarbonyl, N-Ci-C4-alkoxy-Ci-C4-alkyl-carbonimidoyl, N-hydroxy-Ci-C4-alkyl-carbonimidoyl, or Ci-C4-alkoxycarbonyl;
R3 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, or Ci-C4-alkyl;
R4 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, cyano, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonyl, Ci-C4-alkoxycarbonyl, Ci-C4-alkylaminocarbonyl, or di(Ci-C4-alkylamino)carbonyl;
R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or Ci-C4-alkyl;
A1, A2 and A3 are independently selected from CR7, N, NR8, O, or S, with the proviso that at least one of A1, A2 and A3 is selected from N, O, or S, and that no more than one of A1, A2 and A3 is O or S;
R7 and R8 are independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, or C2-C4-alkynyl;
B1 is CR9 or N, B2 is CR10 or N, B3 is CR11 or N, B4 is CR12 or N, with the proviso that only one of B1, B2, B3, and B4 is N;
R10, R11, R12 and R13 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, amino, hydroxy, carboxylic acid, cyano, Ci-C4-alkyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy, Ci-C4-haloalkoxy, C2-C4-alkenyloxy, C2-C4- alkynyloxy, C1-C4 alkylsulfanyl, Ci-C4-alkylsulflnyl, Ci-C4-alkylsulfonyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy-Ci-C4 alkyl, N-C1- C4-alkylamino, N,N-di(Ci-C4-alkyl)amino, Ci-C4-alkoxycarbonyl, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonyl, N-Ci-C4alkoxy- Ci-C4alkyl-carbonimidoyl, N-hydroxy-Ci-C4-alkyl-carbonimidoyl, Ci-C4-alkylaminocarbonyl, di(Ci-C4- alkyl)aminocarbonyl, Ci-C4-alkylcarbonylamino, Ci-C4-alkylsulfonylamino, trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy, phenyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; wherein said 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl contains 1 , 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O or S, with the proviso that no more than one is O or S; and wherein any of said phenyl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl and Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, Ci-C4-alkyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, or Ci-C4-alkoxy; and Z1 is selected from 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, pyrazin-2-yl, pyridazin-3-yl, pyridazin-4-yl, pyrimidin- 2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, or pyrimidin-5-yl; wherein any of said pyridyl-, pyrazin- pyridazine, and pyrimidin- moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, cyano, Ci-C4-alkyl, Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, Ci-C4-haloalkoxy, C1-C4- alkoxy, Ci-C4-alkylsulfanyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfinyl, or Ci-C4-alkylsulfonyl; or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or N-oxide thereof.
2. The compound of formula (I) according to claim 1 , wherein R1 is C1-C3 alkyl.
3. The compound of formula (I) according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or Cs-Ce-cycloalkyl; and R3 is hydrogen.
4. The compound of formula (I) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein R4 is hydrogen or methyl.
5. The compound of formula (I) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein R5 and R6 are hydrogen.
6. The compound of formula (I) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein Z1 is 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl; wherein any of said pyridyl-moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or Ci-C4 alkyl.
7. The compound of formula (I) according to claim 6, wherein Z1 is 3-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 5-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 3,4-difluoro-2-pyridyl, 2,6-difluoro-3-pyridyl, or 3,5-difluoro-2-pyridyl.
8. The compound of formula (I) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the compound of formula (I) is a compound of formula (l-A)
Figure imgf000117_0001
wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R9, R10, R11, R12, B1, B2, B3, B4 and Z1 correspond to the same definitions as for the compounds of formula (I) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and A is
Figure imgf000118_0001
wherein
Figure imgf000118_0002
denotes the position, which is attached to the C(=O) group and the arrow denotes the position, which is attached to the Z1 group.
9. The compound of formula (l-A) according to claim 8, wherein A is selected from A4, A7, A9, or A10,
Figure imgf000118_0003
wherein
Figure imgf000118_0004
denotes the position, which is attached to the C(=O) group and the arrow denotes the position, which is attached to the Z1 group.
10. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein B1 is CR9, B2 is CR10, B3 is CR11, and B4 is CR12, and wherein
R9 and R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or cyano; and
R11 and R12 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C1-C4 alkyl, or C1-C4 alkoxy.
11 . The compound according to claim 10, wherein
R9 and R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, chloro, bromo, or cyano; and R11 and R12 are hydrogen.
12. An agrochemical composition comprising a fungicidally effective amount of a compound as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11 .
13. The agrochemical composition according to claim 12, further comprising at least one additional active ingredient and/or an agrochemically-acceptable diluent or carrier.
14. A method of controlling or preventing infestation of useful plants by phytopathogenic microorganisms, wherein a fungicidally effective amount of a compound as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11 , or a composition comprising said compound, is applied to the plants, to parts thereof or the locus thereof.
15. Use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 11 as a fungicide.
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